{"id":4300,"date":"2014-09-08T15:39:21","date_gmt":"2014-09-08T15:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?p=4300"},"modified":"2014-09-08T15:39:21","modified_gmt":"2014-09-08T15:39:21","slug":"duc-phat-trong-cai-nhin-cua-cac-nha-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?p=4300","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Trong C\u00e1i Nh\u00ecn C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

“T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1eabn si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean trong c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3”. (Albert Einstein)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a01. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. Trong th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m d\u00e0i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n. Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.\u00a0[Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Max Miller, H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong c\u01a1n t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. [- Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 S. Radhakrishnan]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. [Moni Bagghee, “\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang Ta”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n v\u0169. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, theo Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: l\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7. L\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u00f3 ba d\u1ea1ng: – M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c; – Hai l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed; – Ba l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng theo gi\u00e1c quan ho\u1eb7c cho ri\u00eang ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qua nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa Christ, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u1ecb tha. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n Ch\u00faa Christ trong s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh.\u00a0[- H.G. Wells]<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 L\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0[- Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Milman]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n2. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hay th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, thanh t\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec si\u00eau linh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. [- Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Eliot, “Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c “Th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean can g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tin nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.\u00a0[- George Grimm, “Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5, kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t sanh m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, l\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng, hay hy sinh (sanh m\u1ea1ng) cho c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n linh. V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n linh, n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. [Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Rhys Dadis]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u00a0[- Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Oldenburg, M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ee9c]<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, ng\u1ed3i khoanh ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean hoa sen thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i d\u01a1 l\u00ean nh\u01b0 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “N\u1ebfu con mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, con h\u00e3y luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi”.[Anatole France]<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed.\u00a0[- M\u1ed9t V\u0103n H\u00e0o]<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “kh\u00f4ng”; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “kh\u00f4ng”; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “kh\u00f4ng”. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft; nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18.[J.Robert Oppenheimer]<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0[- T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nehru]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n3. C\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, khinh kh\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay. Hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam sanh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang (Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang (Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p).\u00a0[T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nehru]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111em \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ri\u00eang \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n v\u0169.\u00a0[Albert Schweizer, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng]<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1edfi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m.\u00a0[- Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Radhakrisnan, “\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o khai s\u00e1ng sau Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i..\u00a0[- M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m k\u00edch b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ngay trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng m\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0[Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 S.Radhakrisnan, “\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0n con \u0111ang vui ch\u01a1i trong ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nguy hi\u1ec3m, Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c con ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u00a0[- Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lakshimi Narasu, “Tinh Hoa C\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n4. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

[-Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Graham Howe]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u00e9p ai theo d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o – ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t hay ve v\u00e3n, h\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi \u0111ua \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa. [- Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 G. P. Malasekara]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00f4i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c hay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec sao? \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y.. [- Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Lakshmi Nasaru, “Tinh Hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0[- Gertrude Garatt]<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00fat t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c.\u00a0[- Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Edward Conze, M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, \u00edt l\u1ec5 nghi. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0[- Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 W.F.Jayasuriya, “T\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111em \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0[Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Rhys Davids]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0[- H.G.Well]<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea7y t\u1ecf. D\u00f9 cho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong ph\u1ea1m vi Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u01a1 khai, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u00a0[- Francis Story, “Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, M\u1ed9t T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. [- M\u1ed9t V\u0103n H\u00e0o T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng”]<\/strong><\/p>\n

“N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng theo khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua khoa h\u1ecdc”\u2026. “T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1eabn si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean trong c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3”.\u00a0[Albert Einstein]<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed1i V\u1edbi \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00ca H\u1eeeU TU\u1ea4N<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean do t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: 1.\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 2. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

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1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00fac ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gieo r\u1eafc n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. “C\u00e1i t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u”, “M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3” (every action has its reaction).. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, theo \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi “Gieo nh\u00e2n g\u00ec th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y”. M\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c xa.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00e1i b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt (Buddha) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111em ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 mong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. B\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y cho ta ni\u1ec1m ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 an \u1ee7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00fd cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng suy \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia r\u1ebd, khai ng\u1ed9 k\u1ebb si m\u00ea, soi s\u00e1ng k\u1ebb theo thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft k\u1ebb ngu t\u1ed1i, n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 k\u1ebb h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u1eabn k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u1eefng minh qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n c\u00f4ng t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 danh, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng l\u1eabn keo ki\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u1eabn cao ng\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p .v.v. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1edd l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ..<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi . L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khoan dung c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3. \u00dd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 b\u1edd, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y bao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian v\u00ec n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed3i v\u1ea1ch ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu to\u00e0n b\u00edch cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt bao dung r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt soi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac .<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xa b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng sinh l\u1ef1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m linh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cao c\u1ea3, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng sinh l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0u kia hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 sung m\u00e3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khai m\u1edf cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u01a1i m\u1edf ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, kh\u01a1i m\u1edf ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 (kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai). C\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/strong>\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\n

2.Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i (Tr\u00ed), t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i (Bi) v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi (D\u0169ng).\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Panna) m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 .<\/p>\n

Trong kinh X\u00e0 D\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y: “Nh\u1edd tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n\u2026 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: “ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: \u201cSanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa” (Trung I , 138b). V\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ec7 tri: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”; “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp”; “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”,”\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t” “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c”; “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi”; “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t”; “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t”. Nh\u1edd tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi D\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft:”Ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, sau \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa” (Trung I , tr.279)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y :<\/p>\n

“T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y v\u1eady,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y v\u1eady<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y v\u1eady<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 277, 278, 279)<\/p>\n

“Th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh t\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o t\u1eadn”<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 191)<\/p>\n

“M\u1eaft th\u1ecbt m\u1eaft ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eaft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1eaft \u1ea5y<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi l\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n

Ai ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eaft \u1ea5y<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”<\/em><\/p>\n

(Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr.457-458)<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt coi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m \u2013 g\u01b0\u01a1m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i (kinh Duy Ma). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, \u0111em vui cho m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac .<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eeb bi. T\u1eeb bi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u1edf c\u1eeda l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, l\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 .<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay.. Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi lu\u00f4n tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb9p, x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u00e1i, hi\u1ec1n ho\u00e0, y\u00ean b\u00ecnh tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng ta \u00eam d\u1ecbu, l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an l\u00e0nh vui v\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec qu\u00e1 to l\u1edbn, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Khao kh\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu qu\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay,\u00a0khi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00edt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe suy gi\u1ea3m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n<\/strong>. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang ta xem m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 anh em th\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao ng\u1ea1o, chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay, h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec thoa d\u1ecbu l\u00f2ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh. Trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 n\u00f3. \u00dd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u00eam ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. “Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong lo \u00e2u s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t hay ch\u1edd mong m\u1ed9t tha l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ea5y ta”.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1eeb bi hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eeb bi hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng an b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 \u0111em tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng an vui trong t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0i n\u00e9t s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Trong kho t\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thanh b\u00ecnh an vui th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

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“T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dharma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4300"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4301,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300\/revisions\/4301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}