{"id":4296,"date":"2014-09-08T15:37:28","date_gmt":"2014-09-08T15:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?p=4296"},"modified":"2014-09-08T15:37:28","modified_gmt":"2014-09-08T15:37:28","slug":"duc-phat-lich-su-va-duc-phat-ton-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?p=4296","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5. . . \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng. . . Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd \u0111em nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u “\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” hay “\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i!<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00ednh qu\u00fd li\u1ec7t v\u1ecb,<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Qua bao n\u0103m mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0o trong Tam T\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00f3ng h\u00e0o quang, soi s\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng (ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a, Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0\u1ee1i r\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng ra v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0o quang, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u soi kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai Th\u1ea7n L\u1ef1c) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t hoa sen ng\u00e0n c\u00e1nh, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa L\u0103ng-nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 sai ng\u00e0i V\u0103n Th\u00f9 \u0111em th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ng\u00e0i Anan (Kinh L\u0103ng-nghi\u00eam) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea1i khi ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t hoang mang r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5m ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f5i Ta-b\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 (ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c, Kinh Duy Ma) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0o quang, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng 48 l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1eedu T\u00edch v\u00e0 Kinh A-di-\u0111\u00e0) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e0i chuy\u00ean ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang sanh (Kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3-l\u00f4-gi\u00e1-na c\u00f3 ba th\u00e2n trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho hai thanh ni\u00ean B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Kinh Lakkhana thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 kinh VI) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp Angulimala ch\u1ea1y h\u1ebft t\u1ed1c l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp ng\u00e0i (Kinh Angulimala thu\u1ed9c Trung B\u1ed9 II) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o? v.v. . .<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng hay l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t oai l\u1ef1c si\u00eau th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh to\u00e0n n\u0103ng hay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Narada, trang 259).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong kinh P\u00e0li l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt: nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh. Mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o (ph\u00f3ng h\u00e0o quang gi\u1eefa ch\u1eb7ng m\u00e0y) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c (m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng), th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh (th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, Thinh V\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kia). Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (xem Th\u00edch T\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng, Ph\u00e1p Hoa Tr\u1ef1c Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ec1 C\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea9m \u1edf ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m. Sau khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt tri ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c di\u1ec7u minh \u1ea5y ph\u00e1p ra tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u00f2n s\u00e1ng (nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0o quang) v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong tam gi\u1edbi (t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0\u1ee1i r\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean) (xem Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u00e1p Hoa Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a, ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c kinh Duy-ma, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 (t\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 Ta b\u00e0 (nhi\u1ec5m) kh\u00f4ng hai, ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng hai (Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5m ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f5i ta b\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ecbnh hay nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ecbnh hay b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (xem Th\u00edch T\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng, Duy Ma C\u1eadt Tr\u1ef1c Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ec1 C\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1eedu T\u00edch v\u00e0 kinh A-di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh, trong t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (xem Ch\u00e1n and Zen Teaching, trang 42).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4n thu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang sanh (xem 10 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3-l\u00f4-gi\u00e1-na trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. Trong Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n. L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng n\u00f3i “Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, B\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u1eadp H\u00f3a th\u00e2n, tam th\u00e2n b\u1ed5n lai th\u1ecb nh\u1ee9t th\u00e2n.” Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n, ba th\u00e2n \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: “Thanh t\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n nh\u1eef chi t\u00e1nh d\u00e3, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n B\u00e1o th\u00e2n nh\u1eef chi tr\u00ed d\u00e3, thi\u00ean b\u00e1 \u1ee9c H\u00f3a th\u00e2n nh\u1eef chi h\u00e0nh d\u00e3.” Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Thanh t\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, Vi\u00ean m\u00e3n B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean b\u00e1 \u1ee9c H\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u00e2n n\u00e0y (xem Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n Kinh, Taiwan 1962, trang 54 v\u00e0 trang 67, b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh L\u0103ng-nghi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec ng\u00e0i Anan s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cho n\u00ean ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb Ma \u0111\u0103ng gi\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng huy\u1ec5n ph\u00e1p (H\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb huy\u1ec5n ph\u00e1p (ch\u00fa Sat\u00ec cala) gi\u00fap cho ng\u00e0i Anan tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Ma \u0111\u0103ng gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c di\u1ec7u minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i (xem S\u00f9rangama Sutra trang 01-82 ).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh Lakkhana Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 kinh IV v\u00e0 kinh Angulimala Trung b\u1ed9 II gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai Th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 \u01b0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 b\u00e0n, n\u00ean \u00f4ng Kern, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 “The Lotus of the True Law” r\u1eb1ng: “Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf to\u00e0n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n tr\u00ed …” (xem Kern, Introduction of the Lotus of true Law, trang 27). Theo \u00f4ng Kern, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh III \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong t\u1eadp Mahavagga v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong kinh n\u00e0y (kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed5n) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eb9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Thi (Vipassi)… Sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o lan qua c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i bao ph\u1ee7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Sa m\u00f4n Gotama nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c b\u00e0i kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, m\u00ea t\u00edn) v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-thi v\u00e0 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong kinh \u1ea5y. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gieo m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng, thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 T\u0103ng Ni v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd m\u1ecbt m\u1edd tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9!<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u Ni, ngay trong \u0111\u00eam th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u th\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng: M\u1eaft Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt b\u00ean kia v\u00e1ch, v\u1eadt b\u00ean kia n\u00fai, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ta b\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xa x\u0103m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

– Thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng: Tai Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng: Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng: Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, hai \u0111\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng): Ng\u00e0i, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua v\u00e1ch, qua n\u00fai, \u0111i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edd m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– L\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdt s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, trang 51 \u2013 53; xem kinh Maha Sakuludi Dayi, Trung b\u1ed9 II trang 308, kinh Maha Sihanada Sutta (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 T\u1eed H\u1ed1ng) Trung bo\u4809 trang 120).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 bao ph\u1ee7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0103n s\u00e2u t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00e3o, tim, gan, qua t\u1eebng h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed5n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 T\u1eed H\u1ed1ng, Trung b\u1ed9 I, kinh Kevadha, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 I, kinh Angulimala, Trung b\u1ed9 II, kinh Lakkhana, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 IV, v.v… Quy\u1ec3n “The Buddha and His Teaching” c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0 Khema, th\u1ee9 h\u1eadu xinh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh Sa V\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0 Patacara m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh; h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c con \u0111\u1ed9c long c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t; h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c voi say c\u1ee7a vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf. Khi \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao, x\u00f4 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 to c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y v\u1edf ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n v.v…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m (ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa). M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i v\u00f4 minh bao ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u1ea5y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 “Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim, l\u00e0 nha phi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang” (Marx). V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Radha Krishnan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tinh hoa to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng hy h\u1eefu, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh t\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m cao huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n minh m\u1eabn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” (xem Gotama the Buddha, trang 1).<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, hay ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1eaft d\u1eabn tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng qui ph\u1ee5c m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Rhys David \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“D\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u01a1n B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 thu x\u1ebfp n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00f9 v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y (xem The Buddha and His Teaching, trang 160).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (xem ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u1eadp thai, kinh Hy H\u1eefu V\u1ecb T\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu, Trung b\u1ed9 III, s\u1ed1 123 trang 248).<\/p>\n

Theo tinh th\u1ea7n kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp (ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai Th\u1ecd L\u01b0\u1ee3ng). V\u00ec th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ebft: kh\u1ed5, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca: kh\u1ed5, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 g\u1eb7p nhau: kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u mong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i \u00fd: kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5p m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9, s\u00fac sanh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (ph\u1ea9m Th\u00ed d\u1ee5). V\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, xu\u1ea5t gia, tu h\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 80. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eaft h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 (ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, 80 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ea1i bi, th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ean A-t\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i, khi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt (xem Nalinaksha Dutt, Mahayana Buddhism, trang 140).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00e0i sinh ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea1i bi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ebb vang v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i! Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd \u0111em nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” hay “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i!<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/duc-phat\/nhan-cach\/3238-duc-phat-lich-su-va-duc-phat-ton-giao.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dharma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4296"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4297,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296\/revisions\/4297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}