{"id":905,"date":"2011-05-26T13:17:04","date_gmt":"2011-05-26T13:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=905"},"modified":"2013-03-14T15:17:52","modified_gmt":"2013-03-14T15:17:52","slug":"3au-bat-kinh-phap","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=905","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n IX: B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>
\n (S. Guradharm\u0101 [1]; P. A\u1e6d\u1e6dha Garudhamm\u0101<\/strong>
\n Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho T\u1ef3-kheo-ni)<\/strong>
\n*******<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3 T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3-kheo th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ee5 B\u1ea5t \u00d0\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho T\u1ef3-kheo-ni th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o sau. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong hai b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng Hoa v\u00e0 P\u0101li, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong kinh P\u0101li, Kinh Gotam\u012b [2] v\u00e0 Cullavagga [3] c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 (Mah\u0101paj\u0101pat\u012b Gotam\u012b – b\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 d\u00ec, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebf m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt).[4] Sau 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o,[5] \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e0, Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m V\u01b0\u1eddn C\u00e2y Banyan \u1edf Ca-t\u1ef3-la-v\u1ec7 (Kapilavastu). Di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 xin \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p B\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ba l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-li (Ves\u0101l\u012b). Di m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c. Tuy bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafp y v\u00e0ng. B\u00e0 Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111i theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb Ca-t\u1ef3-la-v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-li.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m (Mah\u0101vana) g\u1ea7n T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-li, h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda – ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u00f4n-gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m khi th\u1ea5y di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 \u0111\u1eabm l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n s\u01b0ng ph\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 r\u0169 r\u01b0\u1ee3i v\u00ec \u0111i b\u1ed9. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap di m\u1eabu Gotam\u012b. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Di m\u1eabu Gotam\u012b ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng Hoa c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.[6] B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Hoa l\u00e0 pa pu k\u2019o wei fa (b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 ph\u00e1p) [7] ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi ph\u1ea1m.\u201d B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch m\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 sau: S\u1ed1 La-tinh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung [8] v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. [9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni d\u00f9 tr\u0103m n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, x\u00e1 b\u00e1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo d\u00f9 m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m [175].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ec9 v\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh, nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m [145].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u1ea7y la c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo-ni, ch\u1ee9 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u1ea7y la m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Th\u1ee9c-xoa mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u xin nh\u1ecb b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng Ni. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m. [gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi 124 hay gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 126].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-b\u00e0-thi-sa h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p Ma-na-\u0111o\u1ea3 [10] n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecb b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng Ni.\u00a0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6. M\u1ed7i n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u00a0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m [141].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo. T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m [143].<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Sau an c\u01b0, T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecb b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng Ni c\u1ea7u xin t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9 (tr\u00ecnh 3 vi\u1ec7c: th\u1ea5y, nghe, nghi). T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00a0 ph\u1ea1m [142]. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u00e1u gi\u1edbi (1, 2, 4, 6, 7 v\u00e0 8) gi\u1ed1ng hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi \u1edf t\u1ee5 Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 (175, 145, 124 hay 126, 141 v\u00e0 142) trong T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ph\u1ea7n B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anne Bancroft n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh hay do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y. T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo.\u201d[11] <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nancy Schuster Barnes vi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh khi Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t.\u201d[12]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gross n\u00f3i: \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0 Ni b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n; t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t Ni \u0111o\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n.\u201d[13]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ni \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.\u201d[14]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Susan Murcott c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ednh li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u01b0ng T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai. Di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-b\u00e0-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n.\u201d[15]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dhamacharini Sanghadevi v\u1ea1ch ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p (Garudhamm\u0101), m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Ni \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb thua thi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1eefa.\u201d[16]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lorna Devaraja c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cGi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo-ni l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn T\u00e1m \u00d0i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt (A\u1e6d\u1e6dha Garudhamm\u0101) b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u1ef3-kheo-ni d\u00f9 tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e1i ch\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u0103ng d\u00f9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi.\u201d[17]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1. Roykan Nagasaki tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra khi di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec r\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 nghi, v\u00ec l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ni \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u gi\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ee9c-xoa-ma-na ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp trong 2 n\u0103m ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u (4, 5, 6 v\u00e0 8) c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hai b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng Ni.\u201d [18]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u01b0 C\u00f4 Hae-ju Chun, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tonguk t\u1ea1i Seoul, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt (1, 2, 4, 6, 7 v\u00e0 8) trong B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi trong t\u1ee5 Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni, v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi trong B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 hay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi\u00a0 trong t\u1ee5 Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t trong Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1. Vi ph\u1ea1m B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia, B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 (175, 145, 124, hay 126, 141, 143, 142) ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u00e1m-h\u1ed1i, v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m \u201cgi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf.\u201d D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1, S\u01b0 C\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y.\u201d [19]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3-kheo-ni P\u0101li. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc P\u0101li, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1edbi 175 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 Ba-d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo-ni trong T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0 ti\u1ebfng Hoa.\u00a0 \u00d0i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n ti\u1ebfng Hoa, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u00f4i h\u1ed3 nghi r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh[20] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng A-la-h\u00e1n\u00a0 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nancy Auer Falk kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y m\u1ed1i nh\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 Ni d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tin theo l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y \u1eaft h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ee7 tr\u00f9m l\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ni.\u201d [21]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng minh ho\u1ea1 \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho ch\u01b0 Ni nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 kh\u1eafc khe c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi Harikawa: \u201cB\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u. Theo Bhikkhun\u012bkhandaka [S. Bhik\u1e63un\u012b-skhandhaka] (Ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ed9 cho T\u1ef3-kheo-ni), khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn\u00a0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu Ma-ha-ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-kheo-ni, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh sau n\u00e0y.\u201d [22]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Harikawa tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i Ba-d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1m-h\u1ed1i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c T\u1ef3-kheo-ni ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi . <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

——————————————————————————–<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Gurudharm\u0101 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau: T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi \u00d0\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t, T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5, T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n Quan Tr\u1ecdng, T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi L\u1edbn, T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 Y\u1ebfu,T\u00e1m \u00d0i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt \u00d0\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t, T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh, T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u201cT\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[2] The Book of the Gradual Sayings (A\u1e45guttara-Nik\u0101ya), Vol. IV (London: P.T.S.), pp. 181-5. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0 Sacred Buddhist Books. T\u1eadp. XX, pp. 352 – 6, ho\u1eb7c \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u1ea1ng, T\u1eadp XXII, pp. 922-3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[4] C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu Mah\u0101paj\u0101pat\u012b trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Horner, Women Under Primitive Buddhism, p. xxii. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[6] \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u1ea1ng, T\u1eadp XXII, pp. 922-923. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[7] S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, p.923.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[8] S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, T\u1eadp XXII, pp. 646, 649, 923, 1045 v\u00e0 T\u1eadp XXIII, p. 345.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[9] Ryokan Nagasaki, “A Study on the Ordination of Mah\u0101paj\u0101pat\u012b Gotam\u012b Bhik\u1e63u\u1e47\u012b,” in The Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies. Vol. 52 (Tokyo: University of Tokyo, 1978), p. 656. Nagasaki so s\u00e1nh B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt P\u0101li v\u1edbi B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n t\u00f4i th\u00ec so s\u00e1nh B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0 gi\u1edbi trong ph\u1ea7n Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n\u00a0 ti\u1ebfng Hoa.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[10] Xem c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa 16 ph\u1ea7n T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-b\u00e0-thi-sa.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[11] Anne Bancroft, “Women in Buddhism,” Women in the World’s Religions, ed. Ursula King (New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1987), p. 83. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[12] Nancy Schuster Barnes, “Buddhism,” in Women in World Religions, ed. Arvind Sharma (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987), p. 107.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[13] Gross, p. 9. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[14] S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, p.33.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[15] Murcott, p. 17.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[16] Dharmacharini Sanghadevi, “The History of the Ordination of Women in Buddhism,” in Dakini Issue 7, Summer 1991 (Glasgow: Ink Print and Design, 1991), p. 4. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[17] Heidi Singh, “The Value of Precepts,” in Sakyadh\u012bt\u0101: International Association of Buddhist Women Vol. 4, No. 1 (Honolulu: Sakyadhita, 1993), p. 7.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[18] Nagasaki, p. 656. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[19] Hae-ju Chun, “A View of Women in Buddhism” in The Dharma Newspaper (Pubpo Sinmun) Nov. 16, 1992, p. 8. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[20] B\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh\u00a0 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Th\u01b0\u01a1ng To\u1ea1 B\u1ed9. Trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni K\u1ec7 (Ther\u012bg\u0101th\u0101) c\u00f3 73 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni. Nhi\u1ec1u T\u1ef3-kheo-ni \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[21] Falk, p. 162.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[22] Hirakawa, p. 37.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00c1T K\u1ec8NH PH\u00c1P – HT. Th\u00edch Minh Th\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 trong l\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. <\/span><\/div>\n

Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn lao trong gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong d\u00e2n gian. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni (*), n\u00e2ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngay th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\nTh\u1eadp s\u01b0 Ni h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1edbi t\u1eed th\u1ecd T\u1ef3 kheo Ni <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>
\nti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00ecnh Long Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i T\u0103ng<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00ean h\u00e0ng danh d\u1ef1 n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/span><\/span>
\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ngang h\u00e0ng danh d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ra t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung k\u00ednh. T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00edch cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf ra t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung k\u1ec9nh. Sau khi vua Suddhodana (T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n) b\u0103ng h\u00e0, b\u00e0 Mah\u00e0 Paj\u00e0pati Gotami (Ma Ha Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u0110\u1ec1 – Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u00e0m Di) nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ph\u00f9 du, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh Kapilavattu (Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p d\u1eef d\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Sakyan v\u00e0 Koliyan, \u0111ang gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Rohini. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i v\u00e3 cay \u0111\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean d\u1ecbu gi\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edf l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb Sakyan xin gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo. C\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, do b\u00e0 Mah\u00e0 Paj\u00e0pati Gotami h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia: \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Gotami v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, n\u00e0y Gotami, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, b\u00e0 Gotami l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i sang th\u00e0nh Vesali (Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1 Ly) v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. B\u00e0 Gotami v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 b\u1ec1n gan cam ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn Vesali c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5 phu nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i b\u00e0 (c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef gi\u00f2ng h\u1ecd X\u00e1 Di). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1eaft b\u1ecf ch\u00f9m t\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb9p thu\u1edf n\u00e0o, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u1eef trang l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, t\u1ef1 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m y th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 cam ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc \u0111i b\u1ed9, tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 150 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ebfn Vesali, m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y l\u1ea5m lem b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, y ph\u1ee5c r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i, ch\u00e2n c\u1eb3ng s\u01b0ng v\u00f9 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, ba l\u1ea7n ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u1edd th\u1ea7y th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 A Nan tha thi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Song, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e0i n\u1ec9 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan, s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Di m\u1eabu Gotami v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadn l\u00f2ng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh song song hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ban h\u00e0nh t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u qui \u0111\u1ecbnh cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1\u00a0 M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo ni, d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 khi g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi C\u1ee5 t\u00fac c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2- M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch hay n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3- T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n T\u1ef3 kheo x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i, thuy\u1ebft gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9 hay n\u00f3i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1eed t\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4- Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua hai b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng: T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kheo <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5- N\u1ebfu T\u1ef3 kheo ni ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i h\u1eefu d\u01b0 (T\u0103ng t\u00e0n) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u00dd h\u1ef7 (Ma na \u0111\u1ecfa) trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6- N\u1eeda th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean T\u1ef3 kheo t\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8- Khi an c\u01b0 xong, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ef3 kheo t\u0103ng c\u1ea7u ba s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9: th\u1ea5y, nghe v\u00e0 nghi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan trao truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y cho b\u00e0 Mah\u00e0 Paj\u00e0pati Gotami. B\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft, hoan h\u1ef7 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n k\u00ednh gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m. Sau khi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Gotami – \u0110\u1ea1i \u00c1i \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1eefng trang v\u1ebb vang ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng kh\u00fac ca kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n, Therig\u00e0th\u00e0 (nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1nh thi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo ni). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c g\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi n\u0103m l\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y l\u01b0\u1ee3t Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u00e2u \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cao th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 y\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn lao cho ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n d\u0129 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh su\u00f4n s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o hay c\u01b0\u1eddi khinh, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng canh ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Song, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 do d\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vinh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngang nhau. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef lu\u00f4n kh\u1eafc ghi s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ti\u1ebfn tu g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni s\u1edf d\u0129 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo (C\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1p s\u1ef1 – Q.37, Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m) l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 T\u1ef3 kheo ni hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 mang theo v\u1edbi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3m nguy, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh ra t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi hay t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hai c\u01a1 quan trong tinh th\u1ea7n trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 gi\u1eef ch\u01b0 Ni trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o, \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh giao h\u1ea3o th\u00edch nghi gi\u1eefa T\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kheo ni. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ebd n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfn tu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, cho l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi? L\u1ebd n\u00e0o T\u1ef3 kheo t\u0103ng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng cung k\u00ednh? T\u0103ng th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec T\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 4 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1edf l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng cung k\u00ednh v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi Ni ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p c\u0103n c\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho Ni ch\u00fang vui th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u0103ng c\u1ea7u th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh T\u1ef3 kheo ni. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Ni b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cung k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd hay c\u1ea7u th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Song, cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb trong t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch hay n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ea bai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1 oai nghi (Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n, Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n, Ma Ha T\u0103ng K\u1ef3 – Q.3). \u0110\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y, t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 trong Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n – T\u1ef3 kheo ni ghi : \u201cNh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 A Nan! Ta nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u00e1m k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n qua d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea3i b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0111i qua\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i \u00edch qua d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec t\u00f9y. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y n\u00ean nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh T\u1ef3 kheo ni. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n T\u1ef3 kheo ni \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 song h\u00e0nh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho hai h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f2n mang nhi\u1ec5m t\u00ednh \u201cc\u1ecd x\u00e1t\u201d. S\u1ef1 qua l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a\u201d gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ni, t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u1ebfm c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf che c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo ni, s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u00f9ng b\u00e1ch hi\u00ean ngang n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i sang t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00edt d\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eeba do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo ni. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u1eef s\u1eafc, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, B\u00e1t k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 thanh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i su\u00f4n s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

HT .Th\u00edch Minh Th\u00f4ng <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: B\u00e1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, s\u1ed1 Xu\u00e2n 2002 (*) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni b\u1ed9, danh t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

12-22-2002 04:15:33<\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cao qu\u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho h\u00e0ng n\u1eef tu s\u0129.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n IX: B\u00e1t K\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p (S. Guradharm\u0101 [1]; P. A\u1e6d\u1e6dha Garudhamm\u0101 Ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho T\u1ef3-kheo-ni) ******* T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-kheo \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":21,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-905","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=905"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":909,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/905\/revisions\/909"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}