{"id":8184,"date":"2026-09-26T17:55:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T17:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=8184"},"modified":"2026-09-26T17:55:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T17:55:59","slug":"phat-noi-kinh-tu-thap-nhi-chuong","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=8184","title":{"rendered":"PH\u1eacT N\u00d3I\u00a0KINH T\u1ee8\u00a0TH\u1eacP NH\u1eca\u00a0CH\u01af\u01a0NG"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 00-08<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “Ly d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, an tr\u00fa trong \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ma.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, Ng\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 4 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 cho 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0o n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ng\u1ed9, ch\u1eafp tay cung k\u00ednh theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Bhagavat, Trung Hoa phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 B\u1ea1t Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh: Thi\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Dhyana, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u01b0 duy tu hay T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu; \u0110\u1ecbnh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Samadhi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng; Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf: 4 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 (Dukkha), n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an, kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m…;T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf (Samudya, samudaya) l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i ; Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf (Nirodha) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, hay l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i ; \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf (Marga, magga) l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5. B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi – \u0110\u1ecbnh – Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t. Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu ch\u1ee9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ly d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Gi\u1edbi: Gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 “Ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c do s\u1ef1 \u0111un n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tham d\u1ee5c. Ly d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 r\u00fat c\u1ee7i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ebfp \u0111ang \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ly d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m y\u00ean t\u0129nh, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Ly d\u1ee5c t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb t\u1ed1i vi th\u1eafng”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u0110\u1ecbnh: Ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u00e2u kinh: “Tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0 ma \u0111\u1ea1o” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m an tr\u00fa s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n m\u00e3n trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00f4 minh vi t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb; ch\u00ednh trong Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1eafc b\u00e9n. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n bao h\u00e0m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m (ch\u1ec9), m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u1eady m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Tu\u1ec7: Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ph\u1ea7n Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh: “\u1ede n\u01a1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf…”. Tu\u1ec7, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong 4 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong kinh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1ee5 Kinh (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh), X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau: “Ch\u01b0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp trong d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n voi, v\u00ec d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u01b0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung trong T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf”. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf v\u1eabn l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: Ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 theo Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai quy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi tu l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ng\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, ai c\u00f3 tu c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a bao h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ed9 kinh. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 3 ng\u00f4i Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0. L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u00fa \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean cho ta th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh – Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Kinh T\u1ee9 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp chung nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb gi\u00e3 Cha M\u1eb9 \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m, hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Sa m\u00f4n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn 250 gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 4 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phi h\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Anah\u00e0m. V\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng Anah\u00e0m, khi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 19 th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i 7 l\u1ea7n sinh, 7 l\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n tay b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu\u1ea5t gia: ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tu, c\u00f3 3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c gia
– Xu\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o gia
– Xu\u1ea5t tam gi\u1edbi gia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi c\u00f3 3 h\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t gia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia
– T\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia
– Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t gia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa m\u00f4n: (Samana; Sramana) H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 C\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp, T\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, B\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o…. Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 cho tu s\u0129 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i chung ; v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ec9 cho tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u01b0 s\u0129 Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0 sau khi c\u00fang bu\u1ed5i c\u01a1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i Sa m\u00f4n. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i Sa m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n: Sa m\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng A La H\u00e1n.
2) Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n: l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc Sa m\u00f4n, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch.
3) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n (hay M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n):ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o, c\u00f2n ph\u00e0m phu, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu h\u1ecdc.
4) \u00d4 \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n (ho\u1eb7c Ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n): Sa m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, l\u00e0m \u00f4 u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi: ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o: 4 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (4 Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Sa m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi c\u00f2n n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi (250 gi\u1edbi), \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t theo kinh t\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ; qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, Nghi, Tham, S\u00e2n, S\u1eafc \u00e1i, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, M\u1ea1n, Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, V\u00f4 minh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n. A La H\u00e1n ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Arahat c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u1ee8ng c\u00fang: x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.
– S\u00e1t t\u1eb7c: gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.
– B\u1ea5t sinh: \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A Na H\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Anagamin d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa m\u00e0 an tr\u00fa \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 19 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. T\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A na h\u00e0m tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc. A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A na H\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, Nghi, Tham v\u00e0 S\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau qu\u1ea3 Anah\u00e0m l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sakrdagamin, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, Nghi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u0111i Tham v\u00e0 S\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tu \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Srotappanna, Srotappanni” d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u hay D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh hay d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t lai, 7 l\u1ea7n sinh 7 l\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Nghi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Sa m\u00f4n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1 cao l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecb m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) \u0110\u01b0a ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Trong 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “Ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1o”, qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, Anah\u00e0m coi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “Tu \u0110\u1ea1o”, ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “Ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ea1o”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t d\u1ee9t tay ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m Sa m\u00f4n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m, th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi. B\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh cao t\u1ed9t, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m:T\u00e2m sinh ra v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p (nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o) ; v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh ; v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, s\u1edf c\u1ea7u: Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n… c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111u\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u (s\u1edf c\u1ea7u), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 mong \u01b0\u1edbc tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n, th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn 250 gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 4 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o, hay 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n, Th\u1ecd, T\u00e2m, Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u… Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 cao t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, b\u1ed5 sung cho ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh theo 2 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 “Th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng”, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u00ea cung huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng tu, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng… ch\u1ec9 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ; tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: “\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f9ng t\u0103ng b\u1ec7nh, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb t\u00e0”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam b\u1ec7nh, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 2 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a 1 Sa m\u00f4n, b\u1ed5 sung cho ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Sa m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0. Ch\u1eef th\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1edf trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y 3 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng – V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng – V\u00f4 T\u00e1c (V\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb hay l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Qua nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, th\u00ec v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “C\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gian, mong c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa, d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngu mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a 1 Sa m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch N\u1ed9i Dung<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a 1 Sa m\u00f4n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n. V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gian. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf trang ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd ; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c t\u1ee5c”. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian th\u00ec d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn \u1ea5y s\u1ebd sinh ra c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e2u “Th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 theo gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd T\u1ef3 kheo gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb T\u0103ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. X\u1ea3 b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Sa m\u00f4n, v\u00ec ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 B\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh. Trong kinh Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y 4 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7, thu\u1ed1c men. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 4 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t. Gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y, \u0103n 1 b\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0103n v\u00e0o gi\u1edd Ng\u1ecd. \u0102n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0103n ngon l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f3n \u0103n, b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f3n \u0103n th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ph\u00f2ng x\u00e1, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n ; l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1 \u0111\u00eam, e r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a 1 v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng phu \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: “H\u1ee7y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1t \u00e1i t\u1eeb s\u1edf th\u00e2n, xu\u1ea5t gia ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ecf h\u00ecnh gi\u1eef kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft,
L\u00eca \u00e1i, xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n,
Xu\u1ea5t gia truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1o.
Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 v\u00e02 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n c\u00f3 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c.
2. L\u00e3nh th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p.
3. X\u1ea3 b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.
4. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7.
5. \u0102n \u0111\u00fang ng\u1ecd.
6. G\u1ed1c c\u00e2y ng\u1ee7 1 \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Ch\u00fang sinh do 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng do 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u00e1c. M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3, Mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 4, \u00dd c\u00f3 3. Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c. L\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 4 l\u00e0: N\u00f3i 2 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, n\u00f3i hoa m\u1ef9. \u00dd c\u00f3 3 l\u00e0: T\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ngu si. M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c. N\u1ebfu 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c v\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang sinh: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Satta (T\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3a, B\u1ed9c h\u00f4 Thi\u1ec7n Na), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt). M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sinh t\u1eed n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh (ch\u00fang \u0111a sinh t\u1eed). C\u00f3 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh: Thai sinh, No\u00e3n sinh, H\u00f3a sinh, Th\u1ea5p sinh. Theo ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ra l\u00e0m 6 lo\u00e0i: Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Atula, S\u00fac sinh, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ec9 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh d\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p hay cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec7n: ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 Kusala, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1c: ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 Agha, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed9c, d\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n. \u00c1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng. Trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: c\u00f3 3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) H\u1ea1ng m\u00f9 c\u1ea3 2 m\u1eaft: l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. 
2) H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed9t m\u1eaft: l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u1eaft: l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t sung t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n. D\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, v\u00e0 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c. Mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n: n\u00f3i 2 l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u00e2m b\u1ecb th\u00f3c th\u1ecdc b\u1ecb g\u1ea1o” l\u00e0 \u00fd n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i hung \u00e1c hay \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0: “\u0110\u00e1nh cho m\u00e0y b\u1ec3 s\u1ecd”, ho\u1eb7c nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a: “Ki\u1ebfp sau m\u00e0y l\u00e0m th\u00e2n ch\u00f3”… b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n th\u00ec ch\u1eedi th\u1ec1… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u. N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t: c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u00e1n gia b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c chia l\u00eca… N\u00f3i l\u1eddi hoa m\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t, hay ho nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, mang t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Kinh T\u0103ng Chi, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) H\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n: l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) H\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 hoa: n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) H\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ai th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u00f4n h\u00f2a, \u00eam d\u1ecbu, d\u1ec5 nghe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd c\u00f3 3: t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ngu si. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u00fd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi. Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, T\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, T\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu \u0111em T\u00e2m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 \u0111i theo, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe l\u0103n theo ch\u00e2n con v\u1eadt k\u00e9o xe…”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u00dd\u00f9 c\u00f3 3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Tham, nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 thay cho tham. T\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ganh gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tham, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tham, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u01a1n, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f2ng s\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tham. L\u00f2ng tham kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00ec sinh s\u00e2n t\u00e2m, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. L\u00f2ng tham c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00f4m gi\u1eef, l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n c\u00f3 khuyng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea9y ra. L\u00f2ng s\u00e2n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1. Cho n\u00ean C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y “Nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi, b\u00e1ch v\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f4n khai” (m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u1eeda nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf ra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m si l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u1edd t\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, do t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00ea m\u1edd m\u00e0 Tham v\u00e0 S\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 hay h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i, C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: “B\u1ea5t \u00fay tham s\u00e2n kh\u1edfi, duy kh\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c tr\u00ec” (Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t). Si l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, m\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Trong 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n chia th\u00e0nh 3 nghi\u1ec7p: Th\u00e2n, Mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u00dd, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Trong 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00dd, Si l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 mau ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y, th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, b\u1ecf \u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u1ed9i m\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i: S\u00e1m l\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Sanscrit l\u00e0 Ksamayati. Ksamayati d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i. Ch\u1eef H\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m. Gh\u00e9p 2 ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 H\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o khoa th\u01b0, Trung Hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 S\u00e1m ma (Ksama), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 H\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 (h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i), th\u1ef1c ra Ksama l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1ed7i, tha th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 2 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0: 1- ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ; 2- ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i. C\u00f3 l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec m\u00ecnh y\u00ean ch\u00ed m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft l\u1ed7i th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00ec th\u00e2n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n theo. T\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u0169ng do t\u00e2m m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a \u0111i l\u1ed7i c\u0169, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam t\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t an, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t an v\u1ec1 sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Kinh T\u0103ng Chi n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5.
2. Do ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean m\u1eafc n\u1ee3.
3. M\u1eafc n\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i n\u00ean ti\u1ec1n l\u1eddi gia t\u0103ng.
4. Ti\u1ec1n l\u1eddi gia t\u0103ng ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 h\u1ed1i th\u00fac.
5. B\u1ecb h\u1ed1i th\u00fac m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i theo s\u00e1t g\u00f3t, s\u1ee3 con n\u1ee3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n.
6. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1eaft tr\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5” d\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, T\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u00e1c. “M\u1eafc n\u1ee3” t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tu thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. “Ti\u1ec1n l\u1eddi gia t\u0103ng” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m \u00e1c, t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eebng ai bi\u1ebft, t\u00e2m c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 th\u00eam. “B\u1ecb th\u00fac h\u1ed1i” b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf. “B\u1ecb theo s\u00e1t g\u00f3t” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam b\u1ea5t an, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1eafn r\u1ee9t. “B\u1ecb b\u1eaft tr\u00f3i” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay b\u1ecb h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t v\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) T\u1ed9i do \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p sanh, chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec t\u1ed9i di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Oscar Widle: “S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00f4ng Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed7i k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c nghe n\u00f3i ai l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. Khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, k\u1ebb mang \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eebng gi\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Xa th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t,
B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia,
Ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n,
Xa h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do. L\u00fd do v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u1ecbch \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch 180o. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u00e1c v\u1eabn b\u1ecb m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n. Mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c lu\u00f4n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn; b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp, ch\u1edd s\u01a1 h\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n gi\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a th\u00ec m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd. Theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ai gieo gi\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1eb7t b\u00e3o; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c ph\u00e1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t V\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ta gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eafng ta; ta im l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia m\u1eafng xong, ta li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?”. \u0110\u00e1p: “V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9”. Ta b\u1ea3o: “Nay \u00f4ng m\u1eafng ta, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecda v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vang theo ti\u1ebfng, b\u00f3ng theo h\u00ecnh, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. V\u1eady, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb: l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef T\u1eeb Bi, hay \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb Bi. Ch\u1ec9 cho l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eafng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebb m\u1eafng m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i minh h\u1ecda \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y tai h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng I (trang 352) m\u1ee5c Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Tre, th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1. B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Akkosaka Bh\u00e0radv\u00e0ja r\u1ea5t b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00d4ng ta ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadm t\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u00f3n \u0103n v\u1ec1 ai? \u0110\u00e1p: V\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, g\u00e2y l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc t\u1eeb \u00f4ng. V\u1eady n\u00e0y, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. N\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu ai ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, g\u00e2y l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb g\u00e2y l\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 san s\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng san s\u1ebb, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khi b\u1ecb ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng th\u00ec n\u1ed5i n\u00f3ng m\u1eafng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eafng m\u00ecnh, khi\u00eau kh\u00edch m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 mong cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i th\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Kinh T\u0103ng Chi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 7 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta \u01b0a th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta mong cho ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn nhan s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta mong cho ta ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, n\u1ebfu ta gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn th\u00ec gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta mong ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn th\u00ec ta ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta mong ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n hay s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta mong ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn th\u00ec ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta mong ta c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta mong ta ch\u1ebft trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eedi l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eedi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4n m\u00ecnh, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t v\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i kinh “Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng” trong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng b\u1ed9 I (trang 352, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda th\u00eam cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn tai h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00edch l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “K\u1ebb \u00e1c h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, nh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi tr\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 tung b\u1ee5i, b\u1ee5i ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01a1 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebb \u00e1c mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Gi\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ai h\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, ch\u00e1nh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1eafng t\u00e0. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00e1i t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ma ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ma, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ma n\u00e0o ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, gieo nh\u00e2n th\u00ec g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3. H\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 trong kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean tr\u1eddi phun n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 tung b\u1ee5i, b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia m\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u00e2n. Trong s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: “C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n d\u1eaft b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng s\u0103n b\u1eafn, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. Sau khi s\u0103n, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 con th\u00fa n\u00e0o, th\u1ee3 s\u0103n cho l\u00e0 xui v\u00ec g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb tu s\u0129, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n xua ch\u00f3 c\u1eafn v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. V\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n ch\u01b0a h\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y cung t\u00ean nh\u1eafm v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo m\u00e0 b\u1eafn tr\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. V\u00ec ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111au, n\u00ean v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh r\u01a1i t\u1ea5m y xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee5p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. B\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 d\u1eef th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00fang t\u00fang trong t\u1ea5m y v\u00e0ng, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo t\u00e9 xu\u1ed1ng, li\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung c\u1eafn x\u00e9 ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t v\u00e0 K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) K\u1ebb \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n.2) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1ee3 k\u1ebb \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng k\u1ebb \u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n

CHAPITRES 00 \u00c0 08<\/span><\/h1>\n

CHAPITRE D’INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/h2>\n

I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
Apr\u00e8s que le V\u00e9n\u00e9rable du Monde eut atteint l’\u00c9veil, Il pensa : \u00ab Se d\u00e9tacher des d\u00e9sirs et r\u00e9aliser la puret\u00e9 est ce qu’il y a de plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 ; demeurer dans la Grande M\u00e9ditation (Mah\u0101sam\u0101dhi<\/i>) permet de soumettre la cohorte des d\u00e9mons. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
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Au Parc des Gazelles, Il fit tourner la Roue du Dharma sur les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s et lib\u00e9ra les cinq compagnons de Kaundinya, qui r\u00e9alis\u00e8rent tous le fruit de la Voie.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Chaque fois qu’un bhik\u1e63u soulevait un point obscur et sollicitait l’enseignement du Bouddha, le V\u00e9n\u00e9rable du Monde le lui expliquait, amenant chacun \u00e0 l’\u00c9veil, les mains jointes avec respect, observant les paroles du Bouddha.<\/span><\/div>\n
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II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
Introduire la voie de pratique du Bouddha compos\u00e9e de la Discipline (S\u012bla<\/i>), de la Concentration (Sam\u0101dhi<\/i>), de la Sagesse (Praj\u00f1\u0101<\/i>) et de la Lib\u00e9ration (Vimukti<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n
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III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n

1. Notes lexicologiques et terminologiques :<\/span><\/h4>\n
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    V\u00e9n\u00e9rable du Monde (Bhagavat<\/i>) :<\/b> Celui qui est honor\u00e9 par le monde, l’un des dix titres du Bouddha. En sanskrit : Bhagavat<\/i>, transcrit en chinois par Bajiapan<\/i> (B\u1ea1t Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    M\u00e9ditation et concentration (Dhy\u0101na-Sam\u0101dhi<\/i>) :<\/b> Thi\u1ec1n<\/i> (Dhy\u0101na) est traduit en chinois par \u00ab culture de la pens\u00e9e \u00bb ou \u00ab qui\u00e9tude r\u00e9flexive \u00bb, et peut \u00eatre traduit par contemplation. \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i> (Sam\u0101dhi) signifie concentrer l’esprit sur un objet sans dispersion ni agitation. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la m\u00e9ditation (Dhy\u0101na-Sam\u0101dhi<\/i>) est une m\u00e9thode de concentration et de r\u00e9flexion sur la nature de l’objet. Dans le texte original, l’expression \u00ab Grande M\u00e9ditation \u00bb est utilis\u00e9e pour distinguer la m\u00e9ditation bouddhique de celle des voies h\u00e9t\u00e9rodoxes et des autres formes de m\u00e9ditation de l’\u00e9poque.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s (Catur\u0101ryasatya<\/i>) :<\/b> Les quatre v\u00e9rit\u00e9s fondamentales du premier sermon au Parc des Gazelles, constituant le socle de l’enseignement bouddhique. Elles comprennent :<\/span><\/div>\n
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      V\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la souffrance (Dukkha<\/i>) :<\/b> exprime la nature instable, douloureuse, impersonnelle et \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re de la vie ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      V\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l’origine de la souffrance (Samudaya<\/i>) :<\/b> l’ignorance et le d\u00e9sir passionnel ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      V\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la cessation de la souffrance (Nirodha<\/i>) :<\/b> l’extinction de la souffrance, c’est-\u00e0-dire l’arr\u00eat de l’ignorance et de l’attachement ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      V\u00e9rit\u00e9 du chemin menant \u00e0 la cessation (M\u0101rga<\/i>) :<\/b> la Voie menant \u00e0 la fin de la souffrance, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par le Noble Chemin Octuple.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Explication du contenu :<\/span><\/h4>\n
      Comme indiqu\u00e9 dans l’id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, ce chapitre r\u00e9sume l’enseignement du Bouddha et la progression de la pratique \u00e0 travers la Discipline, la Concentration, la Sagesse et la Lib\u00e9ration. Par son exp\u00e9rience d’\u00e9veil, le Bouddha a clairement vu que le d\u00e9tachement des d\u00e9sirs est la voie vers la puret\u00e9, et que la m\u00e9ditation est le moyen de surmonter les afflictions.<\/span><\/div>\n
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        a) La Discipline (S\u012bla<\/i>) :<\/b> La discipline est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprise comme \u00ab pr\u00e9venir le mal et arr\u00eater les actions n\u00e9fastes \u00bb. Tout acte mauvais provient de d\u00e9sirs malsains. Ainsi, le but de la discipline est le d\u00e9tachement des d\u00e9sirs et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes malsains. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’abandon de l’avidit\u00e9 et des mauvaises actions, l’esprit se stabilise et pose les fondations du d\u00e9veloppement spirituel menant \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration. L’agitation de la conscience est caus\u00e9e par la chauffe de la convoitise. Se d\u00e9tacher des d\u00e9sirs \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 retirer le bois sous une marmite d’eau bouillante. Seul le d\u00e9tachement apporte la qui\u00e9tude \u00e0 l’esprit ; c’est pourquoi le Bouddha a enseign\u00e9 : \u00ab Se d\u00e9tacher des d\u00e9sirs et r\u00e9aliser la qui\u00e9tude est ce qu’il y a de plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        b) La Concentration (Sam\u0101dhi<\/i>) :<\/b> La section sur la concentration est illustr\u00e9e par la phrase : \u00ab Demeurer dans la Grande M\u00e9ditation pour soumettre les d\u00e9mons \u00bb, qui est l’exp\u00e9rience personnelle du Bouddha. Au cours de sa pratique, Il a vu que seul un esprit profond\u00e9ment et pleinement \u00e9tabli dans la concentration permet d’\u00e9radiquer les subtiles afflictions de l’ignorance ; c’est au sein de cette m\u00e9ditation que la sagesse devient aiguis\u00e9e. La m\u00e9ditation bouddhique inclut toujours la sagesse : la vision p\u00e9n\u00e9trante (Vipassan\u0101<\/i>) est indissociable de la concentration, d’o\u00f9 la ma\u00eetrise sur les d\u00e9mons. La diff\u00e9rence entre la m\u00e9ditation bouddhique et la m\u00e9ditation h\u00e9t\u00e9rodoxe r\u00e9side dans :<\/span><\/div>\n
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        1. \n
          La m\u00e9ditation bouddhique \u00e9quilibre toujours la tranquillit\u00e9 (\u015aamatha<\/i>) et la vision p\u00e9n\u00e9trante (Vipassan\u0101<\/i>), ne tombant pas dans la pure qui\u00e9tude mentale, mais utilisant cette concentration comme condition favorable \u00e0 la contemplation profonde.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Ainsi, la m\u00e9ditation bouddhique ne s’arr\u00eate pas aux \u00e9tats d’absorption, mais les d\u00e9passe sans s’attacher aux \u00e9tapes de la fixation mentale.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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          La m\u00e9ditation bouddhique est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la vie pratique et poss\u00e8de le pouvoir de transformer l’individu et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Concentration et Sagesse ne font qu’un. C’est pourquoi elle est appel\u00e9e \u00ab Grande M\u00e9ditation \u00bb, capable de soumettre la cohorte des d\u00e9mons.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
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          c) La Sagesse (Praj\u00f1\u0101<\/i>) :<\/b> La sagesse est illustr\u00e9e par le passage : \u00ab Au Parc des Gazelles, Il fit tourner la Roue du Dharma sur les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s… \u00bb. La sagesse selon le bouddhisme consiste \u00e0 comprendre clairement la nature de l’existence \u00e0 travers les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s. Quiconque comprend ces quatre v\u00e9rit\u00e9s atteint la lib\u00e9ration. Elles forment la doctrine fondamentale embrassant l’ensemble des \u00e9critures. Dans le Mah\u0101hatthipadopama Sutta<\/i> (Majjhima Nik\u0101ya), \u015a\u0101riputra fait la remarque suivante : \u00ab Chers amis, tout comme l’empreinte de tous les animaux est contenue dans l’empreinte de l’\u00e9l\u00e9phant parce qu’elle est la plus grande, de m\u00eame, tous les enseignements salutaires sont contenus dans les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s. \u00bb Le Bouddha a enseign\u00e9 les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s tout au long de sa vie. Le Bouddha a dit : \u00ab \u00d4 \u015arama\u1e47as, celui qui voit la souffrance voit aussi l’origine de la souffrance, sa cessation et le chemin qui y m\u00e8ne. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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          d) La Lib\u00e9ration (Vimukti<\/i>) :<\/b> La derni\u00e8re partie du texte pr\u00e9sente le fait que les disciples du Bouddha qui l’ont suivi, ainsi que tous ceux qui s’engagent sinc\u00e8rement dans la pratique, atteignent l’\u00c9veil. Cela d\u00e9montre l’efficacit\u00e9 de la doctrine : quiconque \u00e9tudie et pratique avec effort parvient \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration ultime. C’est le but m\u00eame de l’enseignement bouddhique et le v\u0153u de tout pratiquant.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          IV. Remarques et conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n
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          1. \n
            L’introduction pr\u00e9sente les trois premiers Joyaux du bouddhisme : le Bouddha, son Enseignement (les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s) et ses premiers disciples (les cinq compagnons de Kaundinya). Ce texte introductif n’existait pas dans la version ancienne et a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 ult\u00e9rieurement.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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            Il pr\u00e9sente le chemin de pratique exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 par le Bouddha lui-m\u00eame : la Discipline (d\u00e9tachement des d\u00e9sirs et qui\u00e9tude), la Concentration (demeurer dans la Grande M\u00e9ditation pour vaincre les afflictions), la Sagesse (les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s) et la Lib\u00e9ration (fruit de la pleine compr\u00e9hension des Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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            Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments montrent que le processus traditionnel de pratique \u2014 Discipline, Concentration, Sagesse \u2014 et le but ultime qu’est la Lib\u00e9ration forment le c\u0153ur du S\u016btra en Quarante-Deux Chapitres<\/i>. C’est la voie de pratique commune \u00e0 l’ensemble des courants bouddhiques.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            CHAPITRE 1<\/span><\/h2>\n

            I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
            \u00ab Quitter ses parents pour embrasser la vie monastique et \u00e9tudier la Voie, comprendre pleinement la source de l’esprit et p\u00e9n\u00e9trer le Dharma du Non-Agir (Asa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta<\/i>), voil\u00e0 ce qui caract\u00e9rise le \u015arama\u1e47a. Il observe constamment les 250 pr\u00e9ceptes, m\u00e8ne une vie pure, pratique les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s et r\u00e9alise le fruit d’Arhat.<\/span><\/div>\n
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            L’Arhat peut voler, se m\u00e9tamorphoser, prolonger sa vie et \u00e9branler le ciel et la terre. Viens ensuite le fruit d’An\u0101g\u0101min (Non-retour) : \u00e0 la fin de sa vie, sa conscience s’incarne au 19e ciel pour y r\u00e9aliser l’\u00e9tat d’Arhat. Viens ensuite le fruit de Sakrd\u0101g\u0101min (Retour unique) : il na\u00eet une fois dans le monde c\u00e9leste et une fois dans le monde humain avant de r\u00e9aliser l’\u00e9tat d’Arhat. Viens ensuite le fruit de Srot\u0101panna (Entr\u00e9 dans le courant) : il doit traverser sept naissances et sept morts avant de r\u00e9aliser l’\u00e9tat d’Arhat. Celui qui r\u00e9alise le fruit d’Arhat a totalement extirp\u00e9 le d\u00e9sir passionnel, tout comme des membres coup\u00e9s ne peuvent plus \u00eatre r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
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            II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
            Ce chapitre traite des crit\u00e8res et de la conduite spirituelle d’un \u015arama\u1e47a, ainsi que des quatre fruits de la saintet\u00e9 qu’un \u015arama\u1e47a diligent peut atteindre.<\/span><\/div>\n
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            III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n

            1. Notes lexicologiques et terminologiques :<\/span><\/h4>\n
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              Quitter la maison (Pravrajy\u0101<\/i>) :<\/b> Renoncer \u00e0 la vie s\u00e9culi\u00e8re pour embrasser la vie monastique. Cela rev\u00eat trois sens :<\/span><\/div>\n
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                Quitter la maison s\u00e9culi\u00e8re ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                Quitter la maison des afflictions ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                Quitter le monde du Sams\u0101ra (les Trois Mondes).<\/span><\/div>\n
                Dans l’A\u1e45guttara Nik\u0101ya, il existe 3 cat\u00e9gories de renon\u00e7ants :<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                Renon\u00e7ant par le corps, mais non par l’esprit ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                Renon\u00e7ant par l’esprit, mais non par le corps ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                Renon\u00e7ant \u00e0 la fois par le corps et par l’esprit.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                \u015arama\u1e47a (Sa-m\u00f4n<\/i>) :<\/b> En chinois, cela signifie \u00ab celui qui s’efforce \u00bb (effort dans la pratique), \u00ab celui qui cesse \u00bb (qui met fin aux afflictions), ou \u00ab le pauvre \u00bb (le pratiquant mendiant). Le terme d\u00e9signait \u00e0 l’origine les asc\u00e8tes en Inde, puis plus tard sp\u00e9cifiquement les moines bouddhistes. Le la\u00efc Cunda a demand\u00e9 au Bouddha combien de types de \u015arama\u1e47as existent. Le Bouddha en a \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9 quatre :<\/span><\/div>\n
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                  Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n :<\/i> Le \u015arama\u1e47a ayant r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le fruit d’Arhat ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                  Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o Sa m\u00f4n :<\/i> Le \u015arama\u1e47a \u00e9rudit (\u015aaik\u1e63a<\/i>) qui comprend la doctrine et la pr\u00eache avec habilet\u00e9 ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                  Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o (M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1o) Sa m\u00f4n :<\/i> Le \u015arama\u1e47a ordinaire qui n’a pas encore atteint de fruit spirituel, mais qui vit selon la discipline et s’efforce dans la pratique ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                  \u00d4 \u0111\u1ea1o (Ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o) Sa m\u00f4n :<\/i> Le \u015arama\u1e47a immoral, sans foi juste, paresseux et qui souille la Voie.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
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                  Dharma du Non-Agir (Asa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta<\/i>) :<\/b> Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes non conditionn\u00e9s, sans production ni destruction, immuables. Il d\u00e9signe ici le Nirv\u0101\u1e47a ou la Cessation (Nirodha<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                  Voie v\u00e9ritable :<\/b> Les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s ou les Quatre Fondements de la Pr\u00e9sence Attentive (Sm\u1e5btyupasth\u0101na<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  2. Explication du contenu :<\/span><\/h4>\n
                  Le chapitre 1 d\u00e9finit le \u015arama\u1e47a par la connaissance de son propre esprit et la r\u00e9alisation du Non-Agir. Il \u00e9nonce le but du renon\u00e7ant : la r\u00e9alisation des quatre fruits de la saintet\u00e9, en particulier l’\u00e9tat d’Arhat.<\/span><\/div>\n
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                  L’Arhat est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le plus haut niveau d’accomplissement selon le canon ancient ; il a coup\u00e9 les dix liens (sa\u1e43yojana<\/i>) : la croyance en un soi, le doute, l’attachement aux rites, la convoitise, l’aversion, le d\u00e9sir d’existence mat\u00e9rielle, le d\u00e9sir d’existence immat\u00e9rielle, l’orgueil, l’agitation et l’ignorance. Le terme sanskrit Arahat<\/i> a trois significations :<\/span><\/div>\n
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                    \u1ee8ng c\u00fang (Arhat) :<\/i> Digne de v\u00e9n\u00e9ration et d’offrandes ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                    S\u00e1t t\u1eb7c (Ari-hanta) :<\/i> Vainqueur des ennemis de l’esprit (afflictions) ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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                    B\u1ea5t sinh (A-janma) :<\/i> Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de la ronde des naissances et des morts.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    Apr\u00e8s l’Arhat se trouve l’An\u0101g\u0101min (Non-retour), qui ne rena\u00eet plus dans le monde du d\u00e9sir mais r\u00e9side dans le 19e ciel (\u015auddh\u0101v\u0101sa<\/i>) pour poursuivre sa pratique. En dessous se trouvent les degr\u00e9s d’apprentissage (\u015aaik\u1e63a<\/i>). Viens ensuite le Sakrd\u0101g\u0101min (Retour unique), puis le Srot\u0101panna (Entr\u00e9 dans le courant).<\/span><\/div>\n
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                    IV. Remarques et conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n
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                    1. \n
                      Ce chapitre d\u00e9finit le \u015arama\u1e47a selon un crit\u00e8re \u00e9lev\u00e9 (la r\u00e9alisation de la saintet\u00e9).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    2. \n
                      Il fixe comme objectif aux monastiques l’obtention des fruits spirituels.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    3. \n
                      Parmi les 4 fruits, le Srot\u0101panna correspond \u00e0 l’\u00e9tape de la \u00ab Vision de la Voie \u00bb, le Sakrd\u0101g\u0101min et l’An\u0101g\u0101min \u00e0 la \u00ab Culture de la Voie \u00bb, et seul l’Arhat correspond \u00e0 la \u00ab R\u00e9alisation Supr\u00eame de la Voie \u00bb.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    4. \n
                      Seul l’Arhat a totalement \u00e9radiqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9sir passionnel, \u00e0 l’image de membres tranch\u00e9s qui ne peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      CHAPITRE 2<\/span><\/h2>\n

                      I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                      \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : Le renon\u00e7ant qui devient \u015arama\u1e47a doit abandonner le d\u00e9sir passionnel, conna\u00eetre la source de son esprit, p\u00e9n\u00e9trer l’enseignement du Bouddha et comprendre le Dharma du Non-Agir. Au-dedans, il n’a rien \u00e0 obtenir ; au-dehors, il n’a rien \u00e0 chercher. Son esprit ne s’attache pas \u00e0 la Voie et n’est pas encha\u00een\u00e9 par le karma ; sans sp\u00e9culation, sans fabrication, sans pratique et sans r\u00e9alisation, sans passer par les degr\u00e9s de la saintet\u00e9, il accomplit de lui-m\u00eame la voie supr\u00eame : c’est cela qu’on appelle la Voie. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
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                      II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                      Le Bouddha enseigne les crit\u00e8res du \u015arama\u1e47a et la conduite spirituelle permettant de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer la V\u00e9rit\u00e9 et d’atteindre le sommet de la Voie.<\/span><\/div>\n
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                      III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n

                      1. Notes lexicologiques et terminologiques :<\/span><\/h4>\n
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                        Source de l’esprit (Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m<\/i>) :<\/b> L’esprit produit tous les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes. Sur le plan ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal, la source de l’esprit est le mental illusoire (v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/i>) et l’ignorance ; sur le plan de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ultime, c’est l’esprit v\u00e9ritable (ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/i>), la Nature de Bouddha (Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/i>). Conna\u00eetre la source de l’esprit signifie ici comprendre et ma\u00eetriser sa propre vie psychique.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                      • \n
                        Obtention (s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc<\/i>) et recherche (s\u1edf c\u1ea7u<\/i>) :<\/b> L’attachement aux progr\u00e8s spirituels ou aux \u00e9tats d’absorption m\u00e9ditative constitue une obtention ; la qu\u00eate d’objectifs ext\u00e9rieurs (comme rena\u00eetre dans un paradis) constitue une recherche.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        2. Explication du contenu :<\/span><\/h4>\n
                        Le chapitre 1 d\u00e9finissait le \u015arama\u1e47a par la connaissance de l’esprit et la compr\u00e9hension du Non-Agir. Ce chapitre compl\u00e8te cette d\u00e9finition en insistant sur l’abandon du d\u00e9sir passionnel et la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de la doctrine. Alors que le chapitre 1 mettait l’accent sur les 250 pr\u00e9ceptes et les Quatre Nobles V\u00e9rit\u00e9s dans une perspective initiale, le chapitre 2 adopte le langage de la Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/i> et du Chan (Mah\u0101y\u0101na) : absence d’obtention int\u00e9rieure et d’objet de qu\u00eate ext\u00e9rieure.<\/span><\/div>\n
                        \n

                        IV. Remarques et conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        1. \n
                          Ce chapitre compl\u00e8te la d\u00e9finition du \u015arama\u1e47a donn\u00e9e au chapitre 1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                        2. \n
                          Il prend pour base les trois portes de la lib\u00e9ration du Mah\u0101y\u0101na : la Vacuit\u00e9, le Sans-Forme et le Sans-V\u0153u (Non-Agir).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                        3. \n
                          Le fruit ultime vis\u00e9 ici est l’\u00c9tat de Bouddha plut\u00f4t que le seul \u00e9tat d’Arhat.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                        4. \n
                          Quelle que soit la perspective (Therav\u0101da ou Mah\u0101y\u0101na), la conduite du \u015arama\u1e47a repose sur la puret\u00e9 \u00e9thique, la connaissance de soi et la lib\u00e9ration du Sams\u0101ra.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          CHAPITRE 3<\/span><\/h2>\n

                          I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                          \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : Se raser la t\u00eate et la barbe pour devenir \u015arama\u1e47a et nh\u1eadn l’enseignement du Bouddha exige d’abandonner les richesses du monde, de se contenter du strict n\u00e9cessaire, de ne prendre qu’un repas au milieu de la journ\u00e9e, de ne passer qu’une nuit sous un arbre et de veiller \u00e0 ne pas y retourner une seconde fois. Ce qui rend l’\u00eatre humain ignorant et aveugl\u00e9, c’est le d\u00e9sir passionnel et l’attachement. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n

                          II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                          Enseignement sur la forme ext\u00e9rieure et le mode de vie du \u015arama\u1e47a.<\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n

                          III. Explication du contenu<\/span><\/h3>\n
                          Le mode de vie du \u015arama\u1e47a comprend six aspects :<\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n
                            \n
                          1. \n
                            Se raser la t\u00eate et la barbe.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                          2. \n
                            Recevoir la discipline (Vinaya<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                          3. \n
                            Renoncer aux possessions mat\u00e9rielles.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                          4. \n
                            Se contenter du strict n\u00e9cessaire (nourriture, v\u00eatement, logement, rem\u00e8des).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                          5. \n
                            Manger un seul repas \u00e0 midi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                          6. \n
                            Ne passer qu’une seule nuit sous un m\u00eame arbre pour \u00e9viter tout attachement au lieu.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            CHAPITRE 4<\/span><\/h2>\n

                            I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                            \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : C’est par dix actions que les \u00eatres deviennent salutaires, et c’est par ces dix m\u00eames actions qu’ils deviennent malsains. Quelles sont ces dix actions ? Trois rel\u00e8vent du corps, quatre de la parole et trois de l’esprit. Les trois du corps sont : le meurtre, le vol et la vanit\u00e9 charnelle. Les quatre de la parole sont : le langage double, les paroles blessantes, le mensonge et les paroles futiles. Les trois de l’esprit sont : la jalousie, l’aversion et l’ignorance. Ces dix actes ne sont pas conformes \u00e0 la Voie des Saints et sont appel\u00e9s actes malsains. Si ces dix actes malsains cessent, ils sont alors appel\u00e9s les dix actes salutaires. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \n

                            II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                            Enseignement du Bouddha sur les dix actions malsaines et les dix actions salutaires.<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \n

                            III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n

                            1. Notes lexicologiques et terminologiques :<\/span><\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              \u00catres sensibles (Ch\u00fang sinh \/ Sattva<\/i>) :<\/b> Les \u00eatres compos\u00e9s des cinq agr\u00e9gats (skandhas<\/i>).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              Salutaire \/ Bien (Thi\u1ec7n \/ Kusala<\/i>) :<\/b> Ce qui apporte du bien \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame et aux autres dans le pr\u00e9sent et le futur.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              Malsain \/ Mal (\u00c1c \/ Akusala<\/i>) :<\/b> Ce qui cause du tort et de la souffrance.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              2. Explication du contenu :<\/span><\/h4>\n
                              Les dix actions mauvaises sont r\u00e9parties en 3 cat\u00e9gories :<\/span><\/div>\n
                              \n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                Corps :<\/b> meurtre, vol, inconduite sexuelle\/luxure.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                Parole :<\/b> propos trompeurs, insultes blessantes, mensonge, flatterie futile.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                Esprit :<\/b> jalousie\/convoitise, col\u00e8re\/aversion, ignorance.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                IV. Remarques et conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \n
                                  Parmi les dix actes, les trois actes de l’esprit sont les plus d\u00e9terminants.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                2. \n
                                  Parmi les trois actes de l’esprit, l’ignorance est la racine fondamentale.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                3. \n
                                  La simple cessation des dix actes malsains constitue les dix actes salutaires.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  CHAPITRE 5<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                  I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                  \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : Si une personne commet une faute et ne se repent pas pour mettre rapidement fin \u00e0 l’intention coupable, la faute s’accumulera sur elle comme l’eau s’\u00e9coule vers la mer, devenant progressivement vaste et profonde. Mais si la personne coupable reconna\u00eet sa faute, abandonne le mal et pratique le bien, la faute s’\u00e9teindra d’elle-m\u00eame, tout comme un malade qui transpire gu\u00e9rit peu \u00e0 peu de sa maladie. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n

                                  II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                  Le Bouddha enseigne que le repentir permet d’\u00e9teindre les fautes.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n

                                  III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                  Le repentir (K\u1e63ama<\/i>) en bouddhisme consiste \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre sinc\u00e8rement ses fautes et \u00e0 transformer son esprit. La faute \u00e9tant g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’esprit, elle s’\u00e9teint par la transformation de celui-ci.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n

                                  IV. Remarques et conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. \n
                                    Reconna\u00eetre sa faute et s’en repentir caract\u00e9rise une personne noble.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                  2. \n
                                    La faute venant de l’esprit, la purification de l’esprit d\u00e9truit la faute.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                  3. \n
                                    Oscar Wilde disait : \u00ab La diff\u00e9rence entre un saint et un p\u00e9cheur est que chaque saint a un pass\u00e9 et chaque p\u00e9cheur a un avenir. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    CHAPITRE 6<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                    I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : Lorsque l’homme malveillant apprend que quelqu’un pratique le bien, il vient pour nuire. Face \u00e0 une telle personne, vous devez rester ma\u00eetres de vous-m\u00eames, sans col\u00e8re ni reproche. Car celui qui apporte le mal en subira lui-m\u00eame les cons\u00e9quences. \u00bb<\/span><\/span>\n
                                    \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \u00a0<\/div>\n
                                    Ne pas concevoir de col\u00e8re envers ceux qui cherchent \u00e0 entraver nos bonnes actions.<\/span>\n
                                    \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \u00a0<\/div>\n
                                    L’ho<\/span>mme mauvais attaque souvent l’homme de bien par jalousie ou sentiment de culpabilit\u00e9. Le pratiquant ne doit pas r\u00e9pondre par la col\u00e8re, sous peine d’endommager sa propre pratique. Selon la loi du karma, celui qui fait le mal r\u00e9colte le fruit de son acte.<\/span>\n
                                    \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    CHAPITRE 7<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                    I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : Quelqu’un, apprenant que Je garde la Voie et pratique une grande bienveillance, vint M’insulter. Je gardai le silence sans r\u00e9agir. L’homme ayant fini d’insulter, Je lui demandai : “Si tu apportes un pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 quelqu’un et que cette personne ne l’accepte pas, ce pr\u00e9sent te revient-il ?” Il r\u00e9pondit : “Oui, il me revient.” Je lui dis alors : “Aujourd’hui, tu M’insultes ; si Je n’accepte pas tes injures, tu attireras toi-m\u00eame le malheur sur toi, tout comme l’\u00e9cho suit la voix et l’ombre suit la forme, sans qu’on puisse y \u00e9chapper. Sois donc prudent et ne commets pas le mal.” \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    Ne pas r\u00e9agir face \u00e0 la provocation et aux injures.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    Ce passage rappelle le Akkosa Sutta<\/i> (Samyutta Nik\u0101ya). Ne pas recevoir l’insulte d\u00e9truit l’effet recherch\u00e9 par l’agresseur. Le pratiquant demeure ma\u00eetre de son esprit sans tomber dans la col\u00e8re.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    CHAPITRE 8<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                    I. Texte original<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    \u00ab Le Bouddha a dit : L’homme mauvais qui veut nuire \u00e0 l’homme de bien est comme celui qui crache vers le ciel : la salive n’atteint pas le ciel et retombe sur son propre visage. C’est comme jeter de la poussi\u00e8re contre le vent : la poussi\u00e8re n’atteint pas l’autre et revient souiller son propre corps. L’homme de bien ne peut \u00eatre nui, et l’agresseur attire le malheur sur lui-m\u00eame. \u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    II. Id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    L’homme malveillant ne peut nuire au juste et finit par se porter pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n

                                    III. Explication du texte<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    Une personne dont l’esprit et les actes sont purifi\u00e9s est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par sa propre droiture. Chercher \u00e0 lui nuire active la loi de cause \u00e0 effet de mani\u00e8re acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e et n\u00e9faste pour l’agresseur.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                                    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 00-08 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea7u I. Ch\u00e1nh V\u0103n Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “Ly d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, an tr\u00fa trong \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ma.” \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8184","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8184"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8186,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8184\/revisions\/8186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}