{"id":5271,"date":"2015-12-23T14:44:19","date_gmt":"2015-12-23T14:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=5271"},"modified":"2015-12-23T14:44:19","modified_gmt":"2015-12-23T14:44:19","slug":"cuoc-doi-duc-phat-qua-hinh-tuong-nghe-thuat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=5271","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qua h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kinh s\u00e1ch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 Lalitavistara (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Trang Nghi\u00eam Kinh) v\u00e0 Buddhacarita (Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1eadp Kinh) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Con s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 108. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh \u1edf Lumbin\u1ef5 (L\u00e2m t\u00ec ni), gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u1edf Bodh Gay (B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng), thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Srnth (L\u1ed9c uy\u1ec3n), v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u1edf Ku\u015binagara (C\u00e2u thi na). Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng hay chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, v\u00ec v\u1eady Jtakas (B\u1ed5n sanh) c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ra t\u1eeb trong s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Mahyna (\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba) v\u00e0 Vajryana (Kim cang th\u1eeba) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u015akyamuni (Th\u00edch ca m\u00e2u ni) b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng tranh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c quan sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh s\u00e1ch .<\/p>\n

T\u1eea GI\u1ea4C M\u01a0 C\u1ee6A HO\u00c0NG H\u1eacU MAY \u0110\u1ebeN S\u1ef0 T\u1eea B\u1ece V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eabu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu May, n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con voi tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c \u0111ang gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng sen m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1i ng\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 sinh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0i nhi v\u00e0 h\u00e0i nhi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u0129. Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t stpa (th\u00e1p) ki\u1ec3u \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu May t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con voi nh\u1ecf l\u01a1 l\u1eedng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00e0. Voi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0169ng h\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho quy\u1ec1n uy t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n m\u01b0a mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

May h\u1ea1 sinh v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1i Lumbin\u1ef5 (L\u00e2m t\u00ec ni), m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Nepal. B\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn, v\u00f3i n\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb h\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9. May xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 n\u1eef \u00a0\u0111ang v\u1ecbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch \u1edf x\u1ee9 Gandhra (Ki\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0 la) thu\u1ed9c Pakistan ng\u00e0y nay cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0i nhi hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb h\u00f4ng b\u00e0. Trong nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o \u1edf Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec cho th\u1ea5y May nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 n\u1eef nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n che k\u00edn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0i nhi hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng tay \u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Sau khi sinh ra, h\u00e0i nhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm b\u1edfi hai d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7m b\u1edfi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ng\u00e0 voi. \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngas. \u01a0 d\u00e3y Hi m\u00e3 l\u1ea1p s\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i mi\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ban cho \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kanbutsu.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u00a0Siddhrtha Gautama (T\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111a C\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng che ch\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. Khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i, sau khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u00edch h\u1ee3p Rhula (tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c), Siddhrtha b\u1ecb th\u00f4i th\u00fac r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 hy sinh l\u1edbn lao l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Siddhrtha \u00a0c\u1ee1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 l\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng Yak\u1e63a (D\u1ea1 xoa) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec con ng\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1ee1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ecdng \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Siddhrtha. \u1ede Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao: ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy, v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u1eea T\u00ccM CH\u00c2N L\u00dd \u0110\u1ebeN GI\u00c1C NG\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhrtha tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec7t trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Gandhra \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1c h\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f5m v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh chi ti\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u0169ng t\u00f4n vinh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ebfch th\u1ebfch trong n\u00fai ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1c h\u00e1c c\u00f3 r\u00e2u \u0111ang tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh t\u00ednh kham nh\u1eabn th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Khi kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec Siddhrtha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00e1t s\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng c\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u00ean Sujt \u00a0\u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y sung cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca M\u00e2u ni trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n \u1edf kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong khi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi sau khi ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, Siddhrtha b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi Mra (Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng), v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mravijaya hay chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 tranh h\u1ecda \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, lu\u00f4n c\u1edfi voi, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 d\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng \u0111i l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m ma qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh tay ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t (bhmispar\u015bamudr) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c hay gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Mra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00a0b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. Tay ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mra v\u00e0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Siddhrtha Gautama (T\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111a C\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0m). \u1ede nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3y tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3ng x\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng (ngarga) t\u00ean Mucalinda \u0111\u00e3 che ch\u1edf Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00f2e b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Campuchia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u00e3ng x\u00e0 (nga) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Khmer v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Vua Jayavarman VII (1181-1219) nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vua n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nghi l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eea B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2NG \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN \u0110\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ea0I B\u00c1T NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn nai \u1edf Srnth. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u201cchuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p\u201d (dharmacakra-mudr) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng B\u1ed0N TH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ebe v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra TRUNG \u0110\u1ea0O, theo \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1edf tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang b\u00e1nh xe c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho dharmacakra (b\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e2y quanh b\u1edfi hai con nai \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n hay ch\u00f9a theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Kim cang th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1edf x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (abhaya: kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i) v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (dna), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. C\u00f2n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u1edf Th\u00e1i lan l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i \u015arvast\u1ef5 (X\u00e1 v\u1ec7), khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tranh, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 v\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Khi g\u1ea7n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca M\u00e2u ni du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ku\u015binagara (C\u00e2u thi na) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Parinirv\u1e47a (\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n), s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 stpa (th\u00e1p), n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t; r\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c stpa (th\u00e1p) n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh m\u00e1i ch\u00f9a ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 h\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf x\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 Parinirv\u1e47a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, T\u00edch Lan, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. stpa (th\u00e1p) v\u00e0 Parinirv\u1e47a (\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: \u201cH\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.\u201d<\/p>\n

TT.Th\u00edch T\u00e2m \u0110\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4146,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5271","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5271"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5272,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5271\/revisions\/5272"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}