{"id":3646,"date":"2013-06-04T08:02:14","date_gmt":"2013-06-04T08:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3646"},"modified":"2013-06-04T08:22:33","modified_gmt":"2013-06-04T08:22:33","slug":"48-niet-ban","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3646","title":{"rendered":"48.Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecdc Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong>
\n (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta)<\/strong><\/p>\n

___________________________________<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta), g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n.
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, trong kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do : th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00ed b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ; th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, kinh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, kinh cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, t\u1eeb s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u00e0i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ean kinh : ” \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ” (Maha-Parinibbana).<\/p>\n

Maha ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn (ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i), pari l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nibbana l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Parinibbana (phi\u00ean \u00e2m sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (extinction compl\u00e8te), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i, l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c (samma sambuddha), Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c (pacceka-buddha) v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n (arahant)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 1), kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng (marana).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ” ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t ” (parinibbuta) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n, khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n hai t\u1eeb :<\/p>\n

1) sopadisesa parinibbana, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn r\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (H\u00e1n : h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n).<\/p>\n

2) anupadisesa parinibbana, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (H\u00e1n : v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n l\u00eca b\u1ecf th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Sopadisesa parinibbana c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kilesa parinibbana, s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, v\u00e0 anupadisesa parinibbana nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 khandha parinibbana, s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh) l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i kinh mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n :<\/p>\n

– m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 2)(Nam t\u00f4ng), nguy\u00ean v\u0103n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Pali, v\u00e0<\/p>\n

– m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba (B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng), nguy\u00ean v\u0103n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n (sanskrit), d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Pali (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta), l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n (Tipitaka), thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh (Digha-nikaya). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n kinh ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u1eddi sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Prakrit, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Pali, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay trong m\u1ed9t, hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u00f9y theo nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0. L\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y qua th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. To\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n kinh Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n(Maha-Parinirvana-sutra) thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Mula-Sarvastivada, m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sarvastivada (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu), xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 t\u1edbi th\u1ee9 5 sau CN, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau (Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng B\u00e1t N\u00ea Ho\u00e0n Kinh, \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t N\u00ea Ho\u00e0n Kinh,…). M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n sang T\u00edch Lan mang v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Buddhabadra n\u0103m 417. N\u0103m 421, t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung Hoa, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Dharmaksema c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh vi\u1ebft tay t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Khotan (mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali sang ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1edfi T.W. Rhys-David (1881, 1910), qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a E. Waldschmidt (t\u1eeb 1944 \u0111\u1ebfn 51) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p Andr\u00e9 Bareau (t\u1eeb 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn 75).<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Andr\u00e9 Bareau l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng phu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u00d4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu 7 b\u1ea3n kinh kh\u00e1c nhau, 1 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Pali, 1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 5 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Pali b\u1edfi HT Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef H\u00e1n b\u1edfi HT Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed T\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai b\u00e0i kinh kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung. B\u00e0i kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba d\u00e0i h\u01a1n b\u00e0i kinh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kinh kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a HT Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u00e0m 2 quy\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7y 1500 trang, chia ra l\u00e0m 29 ph\u1ea9m, trong khi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a HT Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 53 trang A4, chia ra l\u00e0m 6 ph\u1ea9m. Trong kinh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady cho Ananda (A Nan), v\u1eeba l\u00e0 em h\u1ecd, th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, trong khi trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady cho Maha-Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp), l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u00e0n sau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Pali, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau : th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec (c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean), nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady trong kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eady cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch quan trong kinh<\/p>\n

Trong Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Kinh (sutta) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1eadt ra, ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng : ” T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y ” (Pali : evam me suttam, H\u00e1n : Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb ng\u00e3 v\u0103n), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 – hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 – tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 in l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh kinh s\u00e1ch, s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, l\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebft t\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y qua th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb th\u00eam b\u1edbt, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ni v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i kinh Pali g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong kinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Andr\u00e9 Bareau \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n : ” T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c khi ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng t\u1ecf ra t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o ” v\u00e0 ” Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng “…<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Pali, g\u1ed3m 6 ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Rajagaha, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Maghada, t\u1edbi Kusinara, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Mallan, c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 450 km (xem b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3). Ng\u00e0i \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Nalanda, sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Patali-gama (tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Pataliputta, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Maghada), v\u00e0 Vesali (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Vajji) (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 3). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, \u1ed1m \u0111au tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh : l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00e2m l\u00fd – t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd – nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eady cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ananda : ” N\u00e0y Ananda, ta nay \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 nua, m\u1ecfi m\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u1eddi gian. Ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u0169 k\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e2y d\u1ef1a, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd ch\u1eefa ch\u1ea1y thu\u1ed1c men “. Trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh (Samyutta-nikaya) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : ” Th\u1eadt v\u1eady Ananda, tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea9y lui s\u1ef1 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ea7u da c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a; b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt ch\u00e2n tay ta y\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0 da nh\u0103n nheo ; th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ; s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan… “<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 2, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau : ” Trong khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u an c\u01b0 trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 4) t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Beluva, g\u1ea7n Vesali, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i gi\u1eef t\u00e2m ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u01a1n \u0111au m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 : ‘Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ; ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng’. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n “.<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m 4, b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1edbi Pava, t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eaft Cunda. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cunda m\u1eddi c\u01a1m, v\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n sukkaramaddava (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng). ” Sau \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n “.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi Kusinara, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9. Ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xong, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p cho Pukkusa, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Mallan, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, sau khi qui y Tam b\u1ea3o, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u00e1o m\u1ea7u kim s\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c \u00e1o tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh, m\u1ea7u da c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eafm s\u00f4ng Kakuttha, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9, nghi\u00eang b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i, trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u01b0 t\u1eed. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (ph\u1ea9m 5), ng\u00e0i \u0111i t\u1edbi khu r\u1eebng sala c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Mallan, g\u1ea7n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kusinara, n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y sala l\u1edbn trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u01b0 t\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o canh cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00eam (ph\u1ea9m 6).<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a m\u1edbi g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p h\u00f3a. Tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec1n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u1ea7y – t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng, hay b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft (colite h\u00e9morragique). B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u00f3n n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 (hay ” tai m\u00e8o “) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng m\u00e1u, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea9y m\u00e1u n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. L\u00fd do t\u1eed vong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ea7u da tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ee3t l\u1ea1t v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n, g\u00e2y m\u00ea man trong khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7m trong tay m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 2500 n\u0103m…<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong kinh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ngay trong khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

– Khi nh\u00e0 vua Ajatasattu, x\u1ee9 Maghada, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh sau khi chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9 Kosala, c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea5y binh chinh ph\u1ea1t d\u00e2n Vajjin, li\u1ec1n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u1edbi tham v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (ph\u1ea9m 1). Sau khi nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 7 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao d\u00e2n Vajjin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng suy \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 vua t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n x\u1ee9 Vajji. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 5), nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Sunidha v\u00e0 Vassakara x\u1ee9 Maghada, c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Licchavin, hay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 Ambapali, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eaft Cunda, \u0111\u1ec1u tranh nhau m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

– Hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f2n n\u00f3i :” H\u00f4m nay, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i Gotama \u0111i ra th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda Gotama, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i \u0111i qua s\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ebfn n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi b\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn Gotama ” (cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 1).<\/p>\n

– Sau khi Pukkusa, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Mallan, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Alara Kalama, th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n xin qui y Tam B\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u00e1o m\u1ea7u kim s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng ch\u00f3i (ph\u1ea9m 4).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tang l\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129, cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m (ph\u1ea9m 6).<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u1edf r\u1eebng c\u00e2y sala, d\u00e2n Mallan \u1edf Kusinara t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp nhau l\u1ea1i, cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa, ca nh\u1ea1c, tr\u00e0ng hoa, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m l\u1edbp lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00f2m thi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ea7u, r\u1ed3i trong m\u1ed9t h\u00f2m thi\u1ebfc n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00f2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean gi\u00e0n l\u1eeda g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 g\u1ed7 th\u01a1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh, tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng (cakkavatti), hay Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng (roi universel), ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c hay ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 Sakka, c\u1ee7a Brahma Sahampati, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh kh\u00e1c trong tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh xa b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0, khi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 Brahma, v\u00e0 khi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, di t\u00edch nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc th\u00e1p (thupa). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Lumbini, Bodh-gaya, Sarnath, Kusinara) s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau, s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c trong v\u00f9ng su\u00fdt n\u1eefa g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n Dona, cho n\u00ean x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m 8 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tro c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh 10 th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00fang m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1i t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi sa m\u00f4n, kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng…<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh tang l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i trong b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u00e1n cho ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o cho th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n long tr\u1ecdng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i : ” N\u00e0y, Ananda, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Nh\u01b0 Lai. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, nam hay n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u00e0i trong Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Nh\u01b0 Lai. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ” (ph\u1ea9m 5).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

Trong kinh, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u x\u1ea9y ra, tuy r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i : m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, do th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea1i Patali-gama (Pataliputta), trong l\u00fac hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n x\u1ee9 Maghada \u0111ang x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn d\u00e2n Vajjin, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng Hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i v\u1ee5t bi\u1ebfn qua b\u00ean b\u1edd kia, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta co du\u1ed7i c\u00e1nh tay, trong khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111ang t\u00ecm thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng (ph\u1ea9m 1). V\u00e0 khi Ananda h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u01b0 s\u0129 sau khi m\u1ec7nh chung, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i nh\u1edd Hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch (ph\u1ea9m 2). \u0110\u1ebfn khi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1ea1i Beluva, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c c\u01a1n \u0111au, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ea9m 2). Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi kh\u00edch d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Mara Papima), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ba th\u00e1ng sau, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ananda th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u (ph\u1ea9m 3).<\/p>\n

Khi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng v\u1eeba b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong v\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa x\u1ea9y ra sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1eb7c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eb7p \u00e1o m\u1ea7u kim s\u1eafc ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng : m\u1ea7u da c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd c\u1ea3 \u00e1o m\u1ea7u kim s\u1eafc (ph\u1ea9m 4). V\u00e0 khi ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi r\u1eebng sala t\u1ea1i Kusinara v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y sala, th\u00ec c\u00e2y tr\u1ed5 hoa tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a, gieo kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 tung v\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n, v\u00e0 ca nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i (ph\u1ea9m 5).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i tam thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho t\u1edbi t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (ph\u1ea9m 6)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 6).<\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, l\u00e0m l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c d\u1ef1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eddi vang d\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ba th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean (Brahma) v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 Sakka \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u1eed h\u00e0nh tang l\u1ec5 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (ph\u1ea9m 6) c\u0169ng x\u1ea9y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi t\u00e1m v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c Mallan c\u1ed1 khi\u00eang nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00ean th\u00ec khi\u00eang l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1edf th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau th\u00ec ch\u00e2m l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y, c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Maha-Kassapa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 xong, gi\u00e0n l\u1eeda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Sau khi th\u00e2n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t phun l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1eaft ngay gi\u00e0n l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau :<\/p>\n

– Ngay sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian, d\u1ef1a l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qua nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p (thupa) v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n

– Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi th\u00eam, th\u00eau d\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ee5t bi\u1ebfn qua b\u00ean b\u1edd kia s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111ang t\u00ecm thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i k\u1ec7 (cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 1):<\/p>\n

” Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, \u0111i qua d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tham \u00e1i,
\nTr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7m ao, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\nTrong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111ang c\u1ed9t b\u00e8,
\n\u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf,
\nTh\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 qua d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tham \u00e1i,
\nV\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. “<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c, hay nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi rung chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0 ? H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hoa sala n\u1edf r\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a, gieo kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 tung v\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n, v\u00e0 ca nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ?<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ” ng\u01b0\u1eddi ” nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 mang n\u1eb7ng ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2, l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o, r\u01b0ng r\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f3c s\u01b0\u1edbt m\u01b0\u1edbt !<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 nua, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u01a1n \u0111au kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ta th\u00e1n, Ananda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u1edbi th\u0103m ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i : ” Con th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi con th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, con c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh gi\u00e2y leo. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111en t\u1ed1i ” (ph\u1ea9m 2).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi Ananda th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh sa s\u00fat d\u1ea7n \u0111i, \u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, d\u1ef1a l\u00ean c\u1ed9t c\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3c : ” Ta h\u00e3y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta s\u1eafp s\u1eeda nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ta n\u1eefa !” (ph\u1ea9m 5). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, li\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 an \u1ee7i \u00f4ng : ” Th\u00f4i, Ananda, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, than kh\u00f3c. \u0110\u00e3 bi\u1ebft bao l\u1ea7n, ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i thay, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u01b0 ? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Ananda ? C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, h\u1eefu vi, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc mong r\u1eb1ng : ” C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1edf lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t “? Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 : ” H\u00e3y can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00ean, Ananda, kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c “.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ecdi tang l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi than kh\u00f3c sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (ph\u1ea9m 6). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f3c than, v\u1eadt v\u00e3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh hay l\u0103n qua l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i : ” Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm! Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm! Con M\u1eaft th\u1ebf gian (dhamma cakku) bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm! ” \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a nh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ec5 tham \u00e1i (avitaraga), c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ec5 tham \u00e1i (vitaraga) th\u00ec an tr\u00fa trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 : ” C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ? “<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u1eefa trong kinh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 nua, \u0111au \u1ed1m, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i 450 km, trong 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, qua 15 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi hay v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n Subhadda, r\u1ed3i thu nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n (ph\u1ea9m 6).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat nghi v\u1ea5n (ph\u1ea9m 6) :<\/p>\n

” N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo! C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, \u00edt ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd hay ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea1o (magga) hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (patipada). V\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111i. \u0110\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng : ‘\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i’.” Ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo nghe xong gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo v\u1eabn gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng, ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i : ” C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00ec k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. ” Ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo v\u1eabn gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kinh cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, khi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n Ananda ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eaft Cunda ti\u00eau tan h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0103n n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9c nh\u0129 g\u00e2y tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 4).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, hay nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (Samyutta-nikaya) v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 kinh (Anguttara-nikaya).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi (sila), \u0110\u1ecbnh (samadhi), Hu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1a), ba c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu : ” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi Gi\u1edbi, Hu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (asava), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu (kamasava), h\u1eefu l\u1eadu (bhavasava), tri ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadu (ditthasava) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu (avijjasava)”(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 7).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e3i b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (sansara). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 : kh\u1ed5 (dukkha), nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 (ph\u1ea9m 2).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u0103ng ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n Vesali, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o (bodhipakkhiya-dhamma)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 8), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady, v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, trau d\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 3).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ananda (cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 2): ” N\u00e0y Ananda, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o (dipa)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 9) cho m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ai kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o cho m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ananda ? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p, s\u1ed1ng tinh t\u1ea5n, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tham \u00e1i, s\u00e2n si tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00e0y Ananda, nh\u1eefng ai t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o cho m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o cho m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo tinh t\u1ea5n \u1ea5y, ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau khi ta di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ee7a ta.”<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 nghe l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Kalama (ph\u1ea9m 4): ” N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo n\u00f3i :’T\u00f4i nghe t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh mi\u1ec7ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, hay t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0’, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ngay nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Kinh, Lu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Kinh, Lu\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00f3. “<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (aniccata) c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea9y ra, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong kinh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 : s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt : ” T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y tinh t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 xao l\u00e3ng ” (ph\u1ea9m 2).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi khi ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 Sakka th\u1ed1t l\u00ean b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 :<\/p>\n

” C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng,
\nC\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i.
\nCh\u00fang t\u1ef1 sanh t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t.
\nAn t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.”<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e0i kinh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Trong khi kinh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u1edbi ” Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, 4 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, 8 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, ” v.v., th\u00ec kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ” Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh “.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e3 hay Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh hay Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u0129nh t\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, tham s\u00e2n si, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m che m\u1edd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ph\u1ea9m Kim Cang Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9 5 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 12).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1eady r\u1eb1ng t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed (g\u1ed3m T\u1ef3 Kheo, T\u1ef3 Kheo ni, nam C\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef C\u01b0 s\u0129) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn sao cho ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb mang ti\u1ebfng oan v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin, m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eef T\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e2u k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng T\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh T\u0103ng (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 10).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca s\u01a1 sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9y b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i “Thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 duy Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n”, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n T\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n Kim Cang b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (ph\u1ea9m T\u1ee9 T\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 7).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u01a1, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a. V\u1eady ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i y ch\u1ec9 kinh li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a kinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (ph\u1ea9m T\u1ee9 Y th\u1ee9 8).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tuy c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ananda khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba qua kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh : ” \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao, con c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ” (ph\u1ea9m 2).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi : ” Ananda, ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f2n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00ec \u1edf ta n\u1eefa cho \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ? Trong khi d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p, ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n. L\u1eddi d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y (acariya-mutthi)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 11). V\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 : ‘ta \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0’ hay ‘\u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ta’. V\u1eady th\u00ec, Ananda, c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o Nh\u01b0 Lai cho ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ? “<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Sariputta (X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t), nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Moggallana (M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Maha-Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Rajagaha v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (ch\u00fa th\u00edch 12). S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebft t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1eady tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch khi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u chia r\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ngay sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, Subhadda, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo xu\u1ea5t gia khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 : ” Th\u00f4i, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, kh\u00f3c than. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i Sa m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 ‘l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i’,v.v. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m “(ph\u1ea9m 6).<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd :<\/p>\n

1- ” Sau khi ta ra \u0111i, Ananda, n\u1ebfu T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 “.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi Maha-Kassapa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi Ananda \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ra sao, v\u00ec l\u00fd do l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n g\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi. Maha-Kassapa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c li\u1ec1n khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch Ananda v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u0103n n\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ananda c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 500 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed A La H\u00e1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2 – ” \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nhau b\u1eb1ng ‘huynh \u0111\u1ec7’, nh\u01b0ng sau khi ta ra \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ‘huynh \u0111\u1ec7’ hay ‘b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu’, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi t\u1ef3 kheo l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ‘\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c’ hay ‘Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda’.”<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc trong t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/p>\n

Trong kinh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa Ananda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (ph\u1ea9m 5):<\/p>\n

– ” B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 x\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ?<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y Ananda, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn theo h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y Ananda, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao ?<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y Ananda, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c.”<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eb1m g\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau (nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 Nh\u01b0 Lai), d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Ananda, m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u1eb9p trai, \u0111a c\u1ea3m, d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n ni. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u00f4ng, khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh xa ph\u00e1i n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ea1nh tu v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 ra, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ananda \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 gi\u00e0 (\u00f4ng sanh c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m linh (\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n), l\u00e0m sao \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c ?<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ” d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp ” b\u1edfi c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng khinh khi, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 xem h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nam nhi. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 hai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kinh :<\/p>\n

1. Khi Ananda h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u01b0 s\u0129 nam, c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1eef (ph\u1ea9m 2), th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft : ” …T\u1ef3 kheo ni Nanda \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa (anagami). Nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 Sudatta \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ba h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tham, s\u00e2n, si, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t Lai (sadakagami), ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. N\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 Sujata \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u (sotapatti), s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 Kakudha, Kalinga, Nikata, Katissabha, Tuttha, Santuttha, Bhadda v\u00e0 Subhadda \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a sanh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n…”(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 13).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2. Khi d\u00e2m n\u1eef Ambapali (\u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 n\u1eef [courtisane], m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm h\u1ea1ng sang)(ch\u00fa th\u00edch 14) m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1edbi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau (ph\u1ea9m 2), th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 n\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Licchavin \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n t\u1edbi m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 Ambapali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, coi tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh : l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kinh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chung quanh s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eady cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian, r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm ngay sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, r\u1ea5t ” ng\u01b0\u1eddi “, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u1eb7c mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong su\u1ed1t b\u00e0i kinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 : t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n tu h\u1ecdc theo Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ea1ch ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m 3 :<\/p>\n

” Tu\u1ed5i ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0,
\nCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nay ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.
\nC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i, ta s\u1eafp ra \u0111i.
\nS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u00fa \u1ea9n n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh.
\nH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo !
\nH\u00e3y ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c,
\nTr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, nhi\u1ebfp \u00fd.
\nAi tinh t\u1ea5n trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y,
\nS\u1ebd l\u00eca v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. “<\/p>\n

Olivet, ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2007
\nTr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc
\n(K\u00ednh d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng linh ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch
\n1) Trong kinh Pali c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 3 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (bodhi), l\u00e0 : Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c (samma sambuddha, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sambodhi), Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, hay Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, hay B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt (pacceka-buddha, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pacceka-bodhi) v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n hay Thanh V\u0103n (arahant, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c savaka-bodhi). A La H\u00e1n hay Thanh V\u0103n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe, hi\u1ec3u, tu theo Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ebf gian con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, v\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c (\u00e9veill\u00e9 solitaire). Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c (\u00e9veill\u00e9 parfait) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 trong \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2) Ch\u1eef ” Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y “(originel) trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1eef ” Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba “(Hinayana), c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ea bai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ” Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0nh Theravada, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 T\u00edch Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v.v. Th\u1eadt ra, Theravada ti\u1ebfng pali (Sthaviravada ti\u1ebfng sanskrit) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ” tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o “(Ecole des Anciens), ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i : Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9), sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i Vesali (xem b\u00e0i ” Th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, http:\/\/cusi.free.fr\/lsp\/lsp0050.htm “). Theravada c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n chia ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Theravada c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb l\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cho t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau l\u00e0 ” \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ” (originel) ho\u1eb7c ” \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a ” hay ” s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi “(primitif), thay v\u00ec ” \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y “, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Theravada ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

3) H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca : sau khi r\u1eddi th\u00e0nh Kapilavatthu, ng\u00e0i \u0111i qua x\u1ee9 Kosala (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Savatthi) v\u00e0 t\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Maghada (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Rajagaha, sau l\u00e0 Pataliputta) t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Bodh-gaya, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Sarnath, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Rajagaha trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y Savatthi l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Kosala). Sau khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Rajagaha. V\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay r\u1eb1ng Kusinara n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Kapilavatthu (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng 200 km), khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi : ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ?<\/p>\n

4) V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m : m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 x\u1ea9y ra trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng 9, 10 v\u00e0 11. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i kinh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft Ananda \u0111\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t cho ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111ang v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Vesali v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Rajagaha kho\u1ea3ng 2 – 3 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u00e1ng 6 – 7), v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi Vesali kh\u00e1 xa. Khi ng\u00e0i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Kusinara, hoa sala n\u1edf tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 5 – 6 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

5) Th\u1eadt ra, trong 45 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed3ng h\u1eadu. V\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 h\u00f4m ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi th\u1eadm t\u1ec7, c\u00f3 h\u00f4m ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n khi \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u00f4m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong l\u00e0ng l\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

6) Sau 4 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Thi\u1ec1n (jhana, absorptions) trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (rupavacara, sph\u00e8re des formes mat\u00e9rielles), th\u00ec t\u1edbi 4 x\u1ee9(ayatana, recueillements) trong v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (arupavacara, sph\u00e8re des formes non mat\u00e9rielles), l\u00e0 : kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 (akasanancayatana, sph\u00e8re des espaces infinis), th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 (vinnanancaytana, sph\u00e8re de la conscience infinie), v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 (akincannayatana, sph\u00e8re du n\u00e9ant), phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 (nevasanna-nassanayatana, sph\u00e8re sans perception ni non-perception). C\u00f3 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 coi 4 x\u1ee9 trong v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 4 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, jhana c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ayatana, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

7) Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : 4 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c(asava, \u00e9coulements mentaux toxiques) l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu (kamasava, d\u00e9sir), h\u1eefu l\u1eadu (bhavasava, devenir), tri ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadu (ditthasava, opinions) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu (avijjasava, ignorance) ; 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i (pa\u00f1ca nivarana, entraves) l\u00e0 tham \u00e1i (kammachanda, convoitise sensuelle), s\u00e2n h\u1eadn (vyapada, malveillance), h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m (thinamiddha, torpeur langueur), tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed (uddhaccakukkucca, inqui\u00e9tude agitation), nghi ng\u1edd (vicikiccha, doute) ; 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (kilesa, souillures mentales), chia ra l\u00e0m 5 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (orambhagiya samyojana, liens inf\u00e9rieurs) l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (sakkaya ditthi, vue fausse de la personnalit\u00e9), nghi ng\u1edd (vicikiccha, doute), gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 (silabbata paramasa, attachement aux pr\u00e9ceptes), \u00e1i d\u1ee5c (kamaraga, d\u00e9sir pour le plaisir des sens), gh\u00e9t h\u1eadn (patigha, aversion), v\u00e0 5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed(uddhambhagiya samyojana, liens sup\u00e9rieurs) l\u00e0 s\u1eafc tham (rupa raga, d\u00e9sir d’existence des formes subtiles), v\u00f4 s\u1eafc tham (arupa raga, d\u00e9sir d’existence sans forme), ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n (mana, orgueil), tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed (uddhacca, inqui\u00e9tude), v\u00f4 minh (avijja, ignorance).<\/p>\n

8) 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o (bodhipakkhiya-dhamma), bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 7 nh\u00f3m : 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (cattaro satipatthana, bases de l’attention) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n (kaye kayanupassi, observer le corps), qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd (vedanasu vedananupassi, observer les sensations), qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m (citte cittanupassi, observer la pens\u00e9e), qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p (dhamme dhammanupassi, observer les objets mentaux) ; 4 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n (sammappadhana, efforts corrects) l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sanh (samvara), tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 sanh (pahana), tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sanh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a sanh (bhavana), tinh t\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 sanh (anurakkhana) ; 4 th\u1ea7n t\u00fac (iddhipada, bases de puissance surnaturelle) l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c (chanda, intention), t\u00e2m (citta, pens\u00e9e), tinh t\u1ea5n (viriya, effort), tr\u1ea1ch (vimansa, investigation) ; 5 l\u1ef1c (pa\u00f1ca bala, forces) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 5 c\u0103n(pa\u00f1ca indriya, facult\u00e9s), l\u00e0 t\u00edn (saddha, foi de confiance), tinh t\u1ea5n (viriya, effort), ni\u1ec7m (sati, attention), \u0111\u1ecbnh (samadhi, concentration), hu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1a, sagesse profonde) ; 7 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n (satta bojjhanga, facteurs d’\u00e9veil) l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m (sati, attention), tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p (dhamma-vicaya, analyse des choses), tinh t\u1ea5n (viriya, effort), h\u1ec9 (piti, joie), khinh an (passaddhi, s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9), \u0111\u1ecbnh (samadhi, concentration), x\u1ea3 (upekkha, \u00e9quanimit\u00e9) ; v\u00e0 8 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o(ariya atthangika magga) l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (samma ditthi, vue correcte), ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy (samma sankappa, pens\u00e9e correcte), ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef (samma vacca, parole correcte), ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p (samma kammanta, action correcte), ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (samma ajiva, moyen d’existence correct), ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (samma sati, attention correcte), ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh (samma samadhi,concentration correcte). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ” tinh t\u1ea5n “, ” ni\u1ec7m “, ” \u0111\u1ecbnh “, v.v., cho n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 37 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

(9) Ch\u1eef dipa c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ” ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n “, nh\u01b0ng theo hai nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Walpola Rahula v\u00e0 M\u00f4han Wijayaratna, th\u00ec d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai, b\u1edfi v\u00ec dipa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ” h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o “. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9 thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169.<\/p>\n

(10) Ch\u1eef T\u0103ng (sangha) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 (bhikkhu sangha). Th\u1eadt ra, trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, sangha bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang) : t\u1ef3 kheo (bhikkhu), t\u1ef3 kheo ni (bhikkhuni), nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 hay \u01b0u b\u00e0 t\u1eafc (upasaka), v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 hay \u01b0u b\u00e0 di (upasika), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ariya-sangha (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ” th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n t\u0103ng “) v\u00e0 savaka-sangha (thanh v\u0103n t\u0103ng). Ariya th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh (saint), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (noble, sublime). Savaka (thanh v\u0103n) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng (auditeurs), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Ch\u1eef ariya-savaka c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, xu\u1ea5t gia hay c\u01b0 s\u0129, nam hay n\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 13).<\/p>\n

(11) C\u00e2u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm g\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u1ea7y ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 cao si\u00eau, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau.<\/p>\n

(12) Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ” ni\u00eam hoa vi ti\u1ebfu ” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, l\u00e0m cho Maha-Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eam ngh\u1ecb, kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Trong v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh Pali, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng sanh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Veda. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 anh em trong 7 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t gia theo m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qui y theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Ananda v\u00e0 Anuruddha, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Theo kinh s\u00e1ch, v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i, cho n\u00ean Maha-Kassapa kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(13) Theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali, c\u00f3 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m 2 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i : \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i (magga, \u0111\u1ea1o), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i (phala, qu\u1ea3) : 1- Sotapatti (D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u, celui qui est entr\u00e9 dans le courant). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 tr\u00ean 5 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u (\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecda), v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. 2 – Sadakagami (Nh\u1ea5t Lai, celui qui ne reviendra qu’une fois). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a 2 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t h\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t Lai s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1i sanh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea5n n\u1eefa th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. 3 – Anagami (B\u1ea5t Lai, celui qui ne reviendra plus). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 5 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u00f2n 5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. 4 – Arahant (A La H\u00e1n). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 5 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc tham, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc tham, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (A La H\u00e1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khinasava, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c), nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i : ” T\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa “.<\/p>\n

(14) C\u00f4 Ambapali tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Vajji, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed say m\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i tim c\u00f4. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ee9 Vajji t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 phong c\u00f4 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef7 n\u1eef (courtisane) ch\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia. C\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n Vesali. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

1) Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta), HT Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Pali sang Vi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

http:\/\/cusi2.free.fr\/dtk\/truonbo\/truong16.htm ho\u1eb7c
\nhttp:\/\/www.budsas.org\/uni\/u-kinh-truongbo\/truong16.htm<\/p>\n

2) Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, HT Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb H\u00e1n sang Vi\u1ec7t
\nhttp:\/\/www.niemphat.com\/kinhdien\/kinhdaibatnietban\/kinhdaibatnietban.html<\/p>\n

3) Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, HT Th\u00edch T\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng (11 CD)
\nhttp:\/\/www.lotuspro.net\/MP3\/KinhDaiBatNietBan.htm<\/p>\n

4) M\u00f4han Wijayaratna, Le dernier voyage du Bouddha
\nEditions Lis, Paris, 1998<\/p>\n

5) Edward Conze, Le bouddhisme dans son essence et son d\u00e9veloppement
\nEditions Payot, Paris 1951 – 1995<\/p>\n

6) Peter Harvey, Le bouddhisme – Enseignements, histoire, pratique
\nEditions du Seuil, Paris 1993<\/p>\n

http:\/\/chimviet.free.fr\/thoidai\/nguyenphuoc\/gtk0092.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

————————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/h1>\n

Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt Tu\u1ec7<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1ede b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u1ec7 tri s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 . . . Tham \u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng. Sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i v\u1eaby tay ch\u00e0o t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tham \u00e1i hay ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (bhava-ta.nhaa). Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sanh (sa’msaara) hay t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhavacakka). N\u1ebfu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (dukkha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 sanh (jaati), gi\u00e0 (jaraa), ch\u1ebft (mara.na’m), s\u1ea7u (soka), bi (parideva), kh\u1ed5 (dukkha), \u01b0u (domanassa) v\u00e0 n\u00e3o (upaayaasa),[1] th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (anto dukkhassa)[2] l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhavanirodho nibbaana’m),[3] hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed5i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed (jaatimara.nassa anta’m). Theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh (avijjaa), tham \u00e1i (ta.nhaa) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (upaadaana). S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c (vijjaa) v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (pa~n~naa). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u C\u1ea3m H\u1ee9ng Ng\u1eef (Udaana): “sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa.”[4]<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng sau t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (bhava-ta.nhaa) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sanh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i sanh nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhava-ta.nthaa), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 xa l\u00e1nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c trong t\u1eebng ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (cetanaa) trong c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, “c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.”[5] V\u00f2ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhavacakka) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong chu\u1ed5i duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Pa.ticcasamuppaada), bao g\u1ed3m 12 m\u1eafc x\u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (avijjaa) h\u00e0nh (sa.nkhaara), th\u1ee9c (vi~n~naa.na), t\u00e2m-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd (naama-ruupa), s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan (salaayatana), ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (phassa), c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (vedanaa), tham \u00e1i (ta.nhaa), ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (upaadaana), t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhava), sanh (jaati), gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft (jaraa-mara.na).[6] C\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed5i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (vi~n~naa.na) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (vi~n~naa.na) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhava) trong \u0111\u1eddi sau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u thai, theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (vi~n~naa.nahaaro, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1edbi trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.[7] Ch\u00ednh \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y (sa’mvattanika vi~n~naa.na) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.[8] H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (bhava), th\u1ee9c (vi~n~naa.na) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 song h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 minh (avijjaa), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (kamma\/cetanaa), tham \u00e1i (ta.nhaa) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (upaadaana). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00f4 minh (avijjaa), th\u1ee9c (vi~n~naa.na), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (kamma), tham \u00e1i (ta”nhaa) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (upaadaana) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 2-4 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: ‘mghi\u1ec7p (kamma) l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t (khetta’m); th\u1ee9c (vi~n~naa.na l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng (biija’m) v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i (ta”nhaa) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (sineho). Do b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh (moha) chi ph\u1ed1i, tham \u00e1i tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m (hiinaaya dhaatuyaa).”[9] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sanh. H\u00e0nh vi (kamma) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t duy tr\u00ec, mang theo v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (vi~n~naa.na).[10] \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c trong qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (vi~n~naa.na’m bhave na ti.t.the).[11] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ea1ch (nirodha) b\u1ed9 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, sanh, gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta ch\u1ecbu sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, khi nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sanh (ajaata), kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, (ajara) kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (abyaadhi’m), kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft (amata), kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 (asoka’m), kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (asankili.t.tha’m), s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c – ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tri sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ta; s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa.[12]<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n chu\u1ed5i duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi 12 m\u1eafc x\u00edch (pa.ticcasamuppaada) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eebng kh\u00fac. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00f4 minh (avijjaa) t\u00ean tr\u1ecdng n\u00e3o m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hay tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c (vijjaa\/pa~n~naa), 11 m\u1eafc x\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e2y, c\u00e1c toa c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sau ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (phassa) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu\u1ec7 tri s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (yonisa manasikaara, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (sati). C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (vedanaa) theo sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1. Tham \u00e1i (ta”nhaa) b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (upaadaana) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng. Sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i v\u1eaby tay ch\u00e0o t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc!<\/p>\n

CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH<\/p>\n

[1] D. II. 305.<\/p>\n

[2] Ud. 80.<\/p>\n

[3] S. II. 117.<\/p>\n

[4] M. I. 4: Khii.naa jaati vusita’m brahmacariya’m kata’m karaniiya’m naapara’m itthattaayaati.<\/p>\n

[5] M. III. 203; MLS.III.249: “N\u00e0y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u00ean th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n (kammapatisarana). Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh thi\u00ean sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m.”<\/p>\n

[6] S. II. 2ff.<\/p>\n

[7] S. II. 13: vi~n~naa.nahaaro . . . punabbhavaabhinibbattiyaa paccayo.<\/p>\n

[8] M. II. 262.<\/p>\n

[9] A. I. 223: “Ito kho \u20acnanda kamma’m khetta’m vi~n~naa.na’m biijam tanhaa sineho avijjaaniivarananaana’m sataana’m sattaana’m tanhaasa~n~nojanaana’m majjhimaaya dhaatuyaa vi~n~naana’m pati.thita’m.”<\/p>\n

[10] S. II. 97; S. IV. 86.<\/p>\n

[11] Sn. 1055.<\/p>\n

[12] M. I. 167; MLS I. 211.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/phat-phap\/giao-phap\/niet-ban\/3181-niet-ban-va-su-cham-dut-luan-hoi.html<\/a><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec0 KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O\u00a0<\/b>
\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Toan (*)<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh th\u1ea3n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng (H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft (V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n). Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – m\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u00fa vui tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – m\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n vui nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y hoa th\u01a1m tr\u00e1i ng\u1ecdt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn. Trong Nho gi\u00e1o, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 sau khi ch\u1ebft. \u0110i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

1. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, theo ti\u1ebfng Sanscrit l\u00e0 Nirvana, ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 Nibhana. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110o\u00e0n Trung C\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i\u201d, v\u00e0 theo l\u1ed1i tri\u1ebft t\u1ef1 th\u00ec: \u201cNi\u1ebft (Nir): ra kh\u1ecfi, B\u00e0n hay B\u00e0nna (Vana): r\u1eebng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng m\u00ea t\u1ed1i, r\u1eebng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d(<\/a>1). Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang tri\u1ebft t\u1ef1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – Nirvana nh\u01b0 sau: 1, Nir: ra kh\u1ecfi, ly khai; vana: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng v\u00e8o, quanh qu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Nirvana l\u00e0 ly khai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quanh qu\u1ea9n, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch (b\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i); 2, Nir: kh\u00f4ng; vana: h\u00f4i tanh, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, Nirvana l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4i tanh, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n (thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u1ea1ch); 3, Nir: xa l\u00eca, \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i; vana: r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, Nirvana l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca r\u1eebng r\u1eadm (\u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t song \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, thanh t\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng – th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00f5i t\u00e2m linh s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng – th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh th\u1ea3n, y\u00ean t\u0129nh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u00f4 minh, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3n; ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3n th\u00ec v\u0129nh c\u1eedu n\u00ean sau khi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o – tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd cho linh h\u1ed3n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. \u0110\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 u t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kinh Upanishad trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Atman) v\u00e0o v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (Brahman), c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Brahman. T\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n mang m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong Upanishad.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? \u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec ta ch\u01b0a b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9\u201d. C\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, si\u00eau nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb s\u1ebd tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5y. Trong Ng\u0169 b\u1ed9 kinh, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 32 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0: \u201c\u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n\u201d (b\u1edd b\u00ean kia), \u201c\u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3\u201d, \u201cho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh\u201d, \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u0103ng minh\u201d, \u201can l\u1ea1c\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d… \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong Kinh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cv\u00f4 sinh\u201d, \u201ckh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t\u201d, \u201c\u00e1i di\u1ec7t\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 u\u00fd\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 \u00e1m\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t\u201d… Trong l\u00f4g\u00edc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 quy m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qua gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u201ctam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i quy v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ctam gi\u00e1c\u201d, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tam gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c (c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ba g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng nhau). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa (ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9) th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y (ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t,…). Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t\u201d, n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y (b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n) th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edd b\u00ean kia\u201d (\u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n), th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t (\u201cv\u00f4 minh\u201d) th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t (\u201cv\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t\u201d)… C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kinh Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: \u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u00eau tan c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n(<\/a>2), \u201cS\u1ef1 im b\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi x\u1ea5u xa, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d(3), \u201cDi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, d\u1ee9t b\u1eb7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7, \u00e1i t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d(<\/a>3), \u201c\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u00f3, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, d\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3\u201d(<\/a>4). Ph\u1eadt v\u00ed s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn. C\u00e2y n\u1ebfn n\u00e0y t\u00e0n, c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp l\u00ean. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng hay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n sang c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi n\u00e0o t\u1eaft d\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt: Sau khi ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? Ph\u1eadt sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3m c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4, nh\u00f3m l\u1eeda. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7i, l\u1eeda c\u00e0ng ch\u00e1y m\u1ea1nh, khi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf th\u00eam c\u1ee7i n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m l\u1eeda l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n d\u1ea7n. Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u1eeda \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng! N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eaft\u201d. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Trong Kinh Trung b\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m phi th\u1eddi gian, phi kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u khi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng – th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u1edf ngay trong t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 duy sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd \u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d: \u201cNi\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng dung ng\u00e3. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng – v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean kh\u00f3 v\u00e0o. Mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u1eeda Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng t\u01a1 t\u00f3c, n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo h\u00e0nh l\u00fd m\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, v\u1ec1 ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i ta c\u00e0ng to th\u00ec c\u00e0ng xa Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: h\u1ec5 h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d(<\/a>5).<\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng – l\u1ea1c – ng\u00e3 – t\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng – kh\u1ed5 – v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 – b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Walpola Rahula \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh, m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng. S\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vui h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng. H\u1ecd vui v\u1ebb, hoan h\u1ef7 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan khinh an, kh\u00f4ng lo l\u1eafng, b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thanh tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u00edch k\u1ef7, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, v\u00f4 minh, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh x\u1ea5u xa \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u1eeb ho\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng bao qu\u00e1t, t\u1eeb bi, t\u1eed t\u1ebf, thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 khoan dung. H\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e1c, t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a g\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u00e2m linh, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh…\u201d(<\/a>6).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t, ba n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c tham – s\u00e2n – si \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n khi \u00f4ng 35 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00fac nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y sao mai m\u1ecdc, sau 49 ng\u00e0y ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. 45 n\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o song \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh – l\u00e3o – b\u1ec7nh – t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Kinh B\u1ea3n sinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c La H\u00e1n, h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n do nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mong c\u1ea7u, hy v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng h\u1ebft, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n trong m\u00e1t, \u1ea9n l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 y v\u00e0o c\u00e1i thanh t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d(7). V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh thanh t\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

2. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/b><\/p>\n

Sau th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf t\u1edbi 100 n\u0103m sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t), Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Hai nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba cho r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi, tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c, xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y \u201cdi\u1ec7t t\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh\u201d v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m\u00a0di\u1ec7t<\/i>\u00a0(di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o),\u00a0t\u1eadn<\/i>\u00a0(ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi nghi\u1ec7p sinh t\u1eed),\u00a0ly<\/i>\u00a0(gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 trong ba c\u00f5i),di\u1ec7u<\/i>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n). Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i tu kham nh\u1eabn. V\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t \u201ctr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, bu\u1ed3n vui n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, mong t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ea5c thang m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 cao V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c. Theo h\u1ecd, v\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00f4 minh bao ph\u1ee7 n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3o gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u201cxu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gian t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y – sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u00ean kia – gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, m\u00ea v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9. Sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn trong v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, nh\u00ecn khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn trong \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1i Duy th\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00f2n B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngay trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc\u201d (t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cB\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 35 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong 45 n\u0103m cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. 45 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 45 n\u0103m B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat \u1edf y\u00ean trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u201cl\u00eca sinh t\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d (tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba t\u1edbi tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u201cli\u1ec5u sinh t\u1eed, \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d (r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, sinh t\u1eed hay lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 n\u1eefa. Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 duy\u00ean gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u0103m gh\u00e9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ly th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m linh; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thanh th\u1ea3n, y\u00ean t\u0129nh m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 vi, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n trong Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n vui nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u1ed1i, khi n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 (m\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n), khi \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cTu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i\u201d. Hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hai l\u1ed1i tu kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i tu xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i tu nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103m th\u1eb3m t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i t\u00e2m linh b\u00ed \u1ea9n t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n vui nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o – tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc – Vi\u1ec7n Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc)<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

(*) Th<\/a>\u1ea1c s\u0129 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(1) \u0110o\u00e0n Trung C\u00f2n.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/i>, t.1. Nxb TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1995, tr 335.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/a>\u00a0Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 (d\u1ecbch).\u00a0Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m<\/i>. Http:\/\/www.quangduc.com.<\/p>\n

(3)<\/a>\u00a0Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 (d\u1ecbch).\u00a0Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m<\/i>. Http:\/\/www.quangduc.com.<\/p>\n

(4)<\/a>\u00a0Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u (d\u1ecbch).\u00a0Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/i>. Http:\/\/www.quangduc.com.<\/p>\n

(5)<\/a>\u00a0Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau.\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/i>. Nxb T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, tr 115.<\/p>\n

(6)<\/a>\u00a0Walpola Rahula.\u00a0T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/i>\u00a0Ban Tu th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1994, tr 68 – 69.<\/p>\n

(7) Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Nghi\u00eam (d\u1ecbch).\u00a0Kinh B\u1ea3n sinh.<\/i>\u00a0Http:\/\/www.quangduc.com.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/D_1-2_2-75_4-17746\/ve-khai-niem-niet-ban-trong-phat-giao-nguyen-thi-toan.html<\/a><\/p>\n

————————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h2>\n

\"<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. V\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/span><\/p>\n

-Trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana) kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch (ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng), V\u00f4 sanh (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh di\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v.v… nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 minh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean trong kinh chia ra b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n H\u1eefu D\u01b0 Y: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c trong ba c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n V\u00f4 D\u01b0 Y: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o (d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft u\u1ea9n th\u00e2n).<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp m\u1edbi c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i lau ch\u00f9i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n V\u00f4 Tr\u1ee5 X\u1ee9: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u01a1i. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, lao m\u00ecnh trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. Tuy ra v\u00e0o sanh t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, hai th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m sao th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ?<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u0103n che m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. Mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u201cch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3\u201d. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 h\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecfi khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p: Khi n\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u201cch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3\u201d h\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c tham, s\u00e2n, si s\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh khi \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2u xa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00edch trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh Pali c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cC\u00e1i Ta Nguy Hi\u1ec3m\u201d Buddhahasa sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 Kheo h\u00e0nh theo Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n\u201d. Ch\u1eef Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u201cTa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a Ta\u201d m\u1edbi sanh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 v\u1ecdt l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc V\u00f4 sanh (A La H\u00e1n). S\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh sao cho \u201cC\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m Ta\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a Ta\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc qua \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh (sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o). Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi d\u1eady c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201cTa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a Ta\u201d. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u00e1i\u00a0 \u201cTa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a Ta\u201d kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi d\u1eady trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u00e2n, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n). V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n k\u00e9o th\u1eddi gian Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ta d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u00fat l\u00e0 hai ph\u00fat Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu M\u00f4n ch\u00e9p:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e2u hay mau \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t C\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt:<\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u0103ng ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 \u201ctham\u201d, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi tham, th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham th\u00ec ngay \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 \u201cs\u00e2n\u201d, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi s\u00e2n, th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e2n th\u00ec \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o ngay \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 \u201csi\u201d, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi si, th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c si th\u00ec \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o ngay \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu th\u00e2n mi\u1ec7ng \u00fd d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham, s\u00e2n, si th\u00ec \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh).<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ?<\/span><\/p>\n

– V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 sai r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin d\u1eabn l\u1eddi h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt (T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m): “Th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean? Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng? Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3?” ( C\u1ea3 ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u im l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p? B\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng, khi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 (ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u), v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1 (ngoan kh\u00f4ng) nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a, s\u1eebng th\u1ecf; n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i (v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i), m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ngh\u0129a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, n\u00f3 ly khai ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed7 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01a1i. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, ai bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n? V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 khi ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, t\u00e2m ta bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd th\u00eanh thang tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ec9nh s\u00e1ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo ch\u1ee9ng A La H\u00e1n t\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 Kheo \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt: Th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 Kheo t\u1ecbch sanh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u ? ( Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cNh\u01b0 c\u1ee7i h\u1ebft l\u1eeda t\u1eaft\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n duy\u00ean th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ebft duy\u00ean th\u00ec \u1ea9n, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u!<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y k\u1ef5 M\u00e3 T\u1ed5, Nam Tuy\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang:<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00fang trai M\u00e3 T\u1ed5, v\u1eady M\u00e3 T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn hay ch\u0103ng ?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u1ea3 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed9ng S\u01a1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u1edbi ra \u0111\u00e1p: \u201c\u0110\u1ee3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y duy\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n h\u1eb1ng \u1edf trong th\u1ec3 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa kh\u00e1c ?<\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tuy t\u1ecbch m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu, h\u1eb1ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu soi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 Tam th\u00e2n (Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, B\u00e1o th\u00e2n, H\u00f3a th\u00e2n), T\u1ee9 tr\u00ed (Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed), Ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n (Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, Hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n, Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n). L\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng (Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng, Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng, Th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng, L\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng). V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn v.v… gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. Tuy hi\u1ec7n mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u00e2y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u00e0n l\u1ecdng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7c, n\u00fai s\u00f4ng v.v… h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00fd kinh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1edd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta ch\u1edb l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/thuongchieu.net\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=571:nit-ban-la-gi-&catid=29:nht-la-b-&Itemid=358<\/a><\/p>\n

—————————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong t\u00e2m<\/h1>\n

\u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma 14<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ngay trong t\u00e2m ta. V\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ta c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, ta s\u1ebd tu t\u1eadp Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7. Khi th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u, ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ta n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n trong\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/a>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng sao cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh. Mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ta n\u00ean qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fat v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Kinh<\/a>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi quy y Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. N\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Khi b\u1ecb n\u1eafng ch\u00e1y, ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Khi \u0111\u00f3i, ta nh\u1edd t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh hay t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? D\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec t\u00e2m ta b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1. Do c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ta t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. T\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u1ebfu ta d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ta c\u1ea7n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n trong ta. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngu si, thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Khi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, ta s\u1ebd nghi ng\u1edd, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u coi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ri\u00eang ch\u0103ng? Ta s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ta m\u00ea th\u00edch, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang hay ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m ta gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e0ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ta c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y y nh\u01b0 th\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t v\u00f4 minh t\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u01b0 khi ta b\u1eadt ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. V\u1eady n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng l\u00e0 Tam B\u1ea3o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng ai mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ta quy y, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng, trong l\u00e0nh ta qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng. R\u1ed3i t\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin v\u00ec t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00edn t\u00e2m khao kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tam B\u1ea3o. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ki\u1ebfp sau ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. Khi ta tu t\u1eadp h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, khi ch\u1ebft, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc chi n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ta gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, trong l\u00e0nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ta t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi s\u1eafp l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi t\u00e1i sanh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/chuacuclac.com\/phat-hoc\/nghien-cuu\/niet-ban-trong-tam.html<\/a><\/p>\n

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Ph\u1eadt \u2013 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n – Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o<\/h1>\n

Th\u00edch Ch\u01a1n Thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/h1>\n
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N\u1ebfu trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nam t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb g\u1ecdn gh\u1ebd l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Danh t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt sau khi Ng\u00e0i Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9ng V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
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Ph\u1ea9m “Song song” (Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng IV) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: “Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 6 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 (6 c\u0103n), Ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt li\u1ec5u tri v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, nguy h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ly l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ly, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, Ma gi\u1edbi, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang g\u1ed3m Sa M\u00f4n, B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ta x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c.\u201d<\/div>\n
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T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh IV, ph\u1ea9m “An \u1ed5n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch” \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/div>\n
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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc do m\u1eaft (tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i,…) nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5c, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, l\u00e0m cho nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Ta La, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ch\u00fang, Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u00e1ch. Do v\u1eady, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.\u201d<\/div>\n
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T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh I, ph\u1ea9m “C\u00e2y Lau” \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u (d\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed, d\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i):<\/div>\n
“Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi. Ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u” (V\u1ecb Thi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn).<\/div>\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh III, ph\u1ea9m “Tham Luy\u1ebfn”, ph\u1ea7n “Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c” \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/div>\n
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“Nh\u01b0 Lai, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, do y\u1ec3m ly s\u1eafc (th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c), ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c.\u201d<\/div>\n
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C\u00f9ng trong ph\u1ea9m Kinh n\u00e0y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed A La H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: “Nh\u01b0 Lai, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho kh\u1edfi l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111em l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft, b\u1eadc tri \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1eadc ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1eadc thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/div>\n
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Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh, Kinh “Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady” c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/div>\n
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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai.\u201d<\/div>\n
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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i g\u00ec l\u00e0m v\u1eady, l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u1eady. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec l\u00e0m v\u1eady, l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai.\u201d<\/div>\n
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“Trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi… Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, b\u1eadc to\u00e0n tr\u00ed, to\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai” (1).<\/div>\n
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Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1ea1ch m\u1edf. \u1ede m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1eadn tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i th\u1ee7, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c th\u00ec gi\u1eefa Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c A La H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
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Danh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng C\u00fang trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t A La H\u00e1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/div>\n
Kinh ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: “Hai T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.\u201d C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 “Thanh v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a A La H\u00e1n. Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn cao th\u1ea5p, h\u01a1n k\u00e9m, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa M\u00f4n qu\u1ea3.<\/div>\n
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Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua th\u1eddi Kinh S\u00e1m H\u1ed3ng Danh, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xem s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c: “Con nay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Tr\u1eddi, Thanh v\u0103n, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt.\u201d Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u Nh\u01b0 Lai “Nam m\u00f4 Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u1ee8ng c\u00fang….\u201d<\/div>\n
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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xem B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3; m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u1edf m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Kinh c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tinh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00e2u “Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch” g\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. N\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (kh\u00f4ng) th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng, n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t A La H\u00e1n.<\/div>\n
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Kinh Kim Cang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 lai r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1edf t\u00f9ng lai di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u00fa\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cnh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p giai th\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cnh\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3, Nh\u01b0 Lai thuy\u1ebft danh ch\u01a1n th\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.\u201d<\/div>\n
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Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y. Th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, r\u1eddi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng (ng\u00e3, nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3), r\u1eddi h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, hay r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng hay Nam t\u1ea1ng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, v\u00f4 minh. Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/div>\n
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T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Nam t\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed7 xe nh\u1ecf (Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba), B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd phi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/div>\n
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T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ngay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf” l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n, “Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean” l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ngay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. C\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mai sau.<\/div>\n
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B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nam t\u1ea1ng, cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00e1u Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n; hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u00eam \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o.<\/div>\n
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D\u00f9 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a: Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 an \u1ed5n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch sanh t\u1eed.<\/div>\n
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Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, hay Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam t\u1ea1ng ghi nh\u1eadn: “Th\u1ea5y Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt”<\/div>\n
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Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/div>\n
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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 Lai, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/div>\n
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Do \u0111\u00f3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”, “\u00c1i di\u1ec7t”, “Th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t”, “V\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t”, hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 “V\u00f4 vi”, “V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u”, “Qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia.\u201d “Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft sanh y” v.v…. m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00f3t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u1edf Nik\u00e0ya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m.<\/div>\n
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Trong Kinh T\u1eadp (Suttanipatt\u00e0), Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia”, thanh ni\u00ean Upas\u00ecva \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y:<\/div>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n d\u1ee5c, ly nghi ng\u1edd,<\/p>\n

\u00c1i di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u201d (Sn. 205).<\/p>\n

Thanh ni\u00ean Udaya h\u1ecfi: “Do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?”, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y:<\/div>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u201d (Sn. 214).<\/p>\n

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Thanh ni\u00ean Kappa \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/div>\n
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“Kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/div>\n
Ta n\u00f3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n,<\/div>\n
Gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn.\u201d<\/div>\n
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Kinh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00edch D\u1ee5 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/div>\n
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“S\u1ef1 tham d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tham \u0111\u1eafm trong N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n \u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp; s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham d\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t.” (Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) (1)<\/div>\n
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Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. V\u00ec r\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u00ean r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, m\u1ecdi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m; v\u00ec ly ni\u1ec7m n\u00ean Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/div>\n
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Trong Kinh B\u00e0 Sa C\u00f9 \u0110a H\u1ecfa Du (1), Vacchagotta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c; trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c.<\/div>\n
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N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb “Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i”, “B\u1ea5t t\u1eed”, “V\u00f4 sinh” v.v…<\/div>\n
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T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn khi n\u00f3i “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n” hay “Nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u201d Nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1eef Nh\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadp th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “nh\u1eadp.\u201d<\/div>\n
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Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe do thi\u1ebfu t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 “Con r\u00f9a v\u00e0 con c\u00e1.\u201d N\u1ebfu r\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho c\u00e1 nghe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea1n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e0m phu, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n khi ch\u00ednh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/div>\n
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\u1ede Kinh “Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady” (Ivivuttaka), Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y:<\/div>\n
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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sanh, kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ra. Do v\u00ec, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sanh, kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ra (5).<\/div>\n
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\u0110i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00fd th\u00fa l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi v\u1ecb.<\/div>\n
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B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch. Kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u1eaft l\u00eca ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111i ra h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch, hay \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u00f4 sinh (hay kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t). Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1i v\u00f4 sanh. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh th\u00ec v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eafc. Khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hay \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/div>\n
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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/div>\n
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C\u0169ng t\u1eeb Kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Tu b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng, Ta th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc A n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. Do v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc A n\u1eadu \u0111a la mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd k\u00fd cho Ta sau n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Th\u00edch ca M\u00e2u ni.”<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/div>\n
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N\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa r\u1eb1ng:<\/div>\n

V\u00f4 h\u1eefu Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u201d<\/p>\n

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(Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng).<\/div>\n
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N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn do suy t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5y sinh.<\/div>\n
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T\u1ed5 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, trong “Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng”, g\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 “chuy\u1ec3n y” v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n qua b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn r\u1eb1ng:<\/div>\n

Th\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

X\u1ea3 nh\u1ecb th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ed1<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n y.\u201d<\/div>\n
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Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc “V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc”, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00eca xa m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u00e3).<\/div>\n
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Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh, hay V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00e1nh), tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m \u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, xem Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/div>\n

Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i th\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u1ede m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
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Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi xa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea7m khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/div>\n
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T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, d\u1eb9p h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9.<\/div>\n
Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf Nik\u00e0ya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, v\u00f4 minh, hay \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n, h\u1eefu \u00e1i, v\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00e1i, m\u1ea1n, tr\u1ea1o c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh).<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f2ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m (t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ecdng) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y trong Nik\u00e0ya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m: “Khi Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, Ta th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh.\u201d (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o) (1).<\/div>\n
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\u0110i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng cho r\u1eb1ng: Sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n; v\u00e0 Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n).<\/div>\n
\u1ede Duy th\u1ee9c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a “Sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n” l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Tam v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh”, khi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, khi t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Trung Hoa th\u00ec g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang: “Khi tu r\u1ed3i, n\u00fai v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u00fai.\u201d Cho n\u00ean, khi n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xuy\u00ean qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, Th\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/div>\n
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Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y “Tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt.\u201d Tri ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1eafc tri ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, tri ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/div>\n
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Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y “Tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, qua su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m Kinh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 Tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh: “Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1edbi tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p Hoa.\u201d<\/div>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong s\u1ef1 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m trong V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 (V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly \u00fd ngh\u0129a; tho\u00e1t ly \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly ni\u1ec7m; tho\u00e1t ly ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i V\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Hay, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Th\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb” trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa.<\/div>\n
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V\u1ec1 Hoa Nghi\u00eam, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 Junjiro Takakusu hay Kimura Taiken, cho r\u1eb1ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd “Duy\u00ean sinh” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/div>\n
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Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn qua “\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2u C\u00e1c Trang Nghi\u00eam T\u1ea1ng.\u201d (Vairochana Vy\u00f9ha alankara garba) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/div>\n
“\u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e2u c\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n (V\u00f4 d\u1ee5c), c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 sanh.” (1)<\/div>\n
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Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a N\u00eck\u00e0ya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a tan \u00e1i, th\u1ee7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i, th\u1ee7.<\/div>\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nam t\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m (Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9) c\u00f2n b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
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Kinh “Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady”, Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n:<\/div>\n
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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi… Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, h\u1eefu ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. Trong v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u0103n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ngang qua c\u00e1c c\u0103n \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, tham di\u1ec7t, s\u00e2n di\u1ec7t, si di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y.<\/div>\n
N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n… (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)… \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoan h\u1ef7, \u01b0a th\u00edch s\u1ebd l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y.” (Tr. 144).<\/div>\n
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S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn qua th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u1ecb kia th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu.<\/div>\n
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Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n; V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n sau khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/div>\n
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T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh IV, ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3y Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai.<\/div>\n
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Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t A La H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai g\u1ed3m:<\/div>\n
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Trung gian Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Antar\u00e0parinibbay\u00ec).<\/div>\n
T\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Upahaccaparinibbayi).<\/div>\n
V\u00f4 h\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Asankh\u00e0raparinibbayi).<\/div>\n
H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Sankh\u00e0raparinibbayi), v\u00e0<\/div>\n
Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Uddhamsoto).<\/div>\n
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Theo ph\u1ea7n Kinh n\u00e0y, Trung gian Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n sau khi Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai x\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n. H\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba:<\/div>\n
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H\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u: Nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n li\u1ec1n sau khi x\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n.<\/div>\n
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H\u1ea1ng hai: Nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n li\u1ec1n sau khi th\u00e1c sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean.<\/div>\n
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H\u1ea1ng ba: Nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n sau khi th\u00e1c sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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T\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n sau khi th\u00e1c sanh v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n
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V\u00f4 h\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 thi\u00ean (sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3).<\/div>\n
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H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 khi v\u00e0o l\u00fac g\u1ea7n m\u00e3n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u01b0u Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai v\u1eeba k\u1ec3, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n sau khi th\u00e1c sanh \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1eafc C\u1ee9u C\u00e1nh thi\u00ean (C\u00f3 \u0111i qua c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u0169 B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n thi\u00ean”).<\/div>\n
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D\u00f9 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai, hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u00f4 minh, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t.<\/div>\n
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S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/div>\n
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B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tu t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/div>\n
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Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i canh n\u0103m, l\u00fac sao mai m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc, khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
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Sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o: Trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o Tu t\u1eadp. Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean sinh t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 ba, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 (\u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean), hay \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb M\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch quan, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9; v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hay h\u01b0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ef1c, h\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1edfi (h\u1eefu vi) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 vi).<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7… kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/div>\n
\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ly c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng hay V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111inh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ng\u00e3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a “Trung \u0111\u1ea1o” c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt \u1ed5n. Th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. Th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ebft l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 “V\u00f4 sinh”, “T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t”, \u0111i ra m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1ee9, lai, h\u1eefu, v\u00f4, sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 “tr\u1edf v\u1ec1” n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1eafc”, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ee9ng”, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tr\u00fa.\u201d B\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc.\u201d Th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u01b0 Lai”, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00fai Hy m\u00e3, c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn; c\u00f4ng phu v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. Tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m tan m\u00e2y \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 \u0111ang che m\u1edd tr\u0103ng Th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u00e2y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u0103ng.<\/div>\n
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\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edf ra cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1ecd k\u00fd cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong v\u1ecb lai.<\/div>\n
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N\u1ebfu trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nam t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb g\u1ecdn gh\u1ebd l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/div>\n
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Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu) \u0111i qua Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/div>\n
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Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0, hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang mang n\u1eb7ng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c<\/div>\n

( Tr\u00edch Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn)<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.phattuvietnam.net\/tuhoc\/phapthoai\/18191-ph%E1%BA%ADt-%E2%80%93-ni%E1%BA%BFt-b%C3%A0n-th%C3%A0nh-%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o.html<\/a><\/p>\n

————————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

2. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u00a0(Nirv\u00e2na)\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, Ni\u1ebft\u00a0b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh d\u1eef c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc). Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ba nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si. Ni\u1ebft\u00a0b\u00e0n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy\u00ean, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 vi, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh, th\u00e0nh, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/i>(Theo Vi.wikipedia.org).<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n . T\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Nirv\u00e2na c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1t m\u1ebb th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t c\u00f5i V\u00f4 minh m\u00ea l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00f5i gi\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 Lai Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi R\u00e2dha:”T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”.\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. (Kim Long, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang ra ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 “ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham- s\u00e2n- si, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n “sinh-th\u00e0nh-ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t”,\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ” t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng”,\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c,\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc ao,\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y…).<\/p>\n

*Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u00a0theo Duy v\u1eadt v\u00e0 Duy t\u00e2m:<\/b><\/p>\n

1\/ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Duy v\u1eadt: b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ru ng\u1ee7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u00f5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang sinh t\u1ed3n. Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0\u00a0n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

2\/ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Duy t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a\/ \u0110\u1ea1o Mormon (tr\u1ef1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh \u1edf bang Utah Hoa k\u00ec) quan ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n: \u0111\u00f3\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f5i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd lo s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hay ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 b\/ \u0110\u1ea1o Mahomet (H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o), \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 Mahomet,\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Sau nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “C\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf Allah, thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y r\u01b0\u1ee3u ngon, s\u1eefa b\u00e9o, g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p…<\/p>\n

Tin th\u1ebf,\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Iraq li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh bom, t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 911-2001, phi c\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u00e1y bay nh\u00e0o v\u00e0o Th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i\u00a0New york, tin\u00a0r\u1eb1ng sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 c\/ \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, quan ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh,\u00a0b\u1ec7nh,\u00a0l\u00e3o, t\u1eed,\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u00a0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d\/ \u0110\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u00e0\u00a0H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau c\u00f9ng)<\/b>, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, , \u0111\u00f2i 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1- Cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2- Th\u1ecfa m\u1ecdi \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3- Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4- T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. (v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n theo th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4)<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.xuanha.net\/gl-THIENDANG\/2nietban.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

———————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/span><\/p>\n

TH\u00cdCH TH\u00d4NG HU\u1ec6<\/b><\/p>\n

N<\/span>i\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Nirv\u00e0na, p\u00e0li ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Nibb\u00e0na, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 ba trong Tam Ph\u00e1p A\u00e1n. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 22, t\u1ed5 Long Th\u1ecd vi\u1ebft : “Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh”. Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea1 b\u1ed9 B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 10, b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Tam Ph\u00e1p A\u00e1n\u00a0 nh\u01b0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn. Theo H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t, T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, T\u1ecbch, B\u1ea5t sanh, V\u00f4 vi, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t … Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nam T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdan di\u1ec7t h\u00f2an t\u00f2an m\u1ecdi tham \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft tham s\u00e2n si. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an t\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau :<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c s\u00e2n, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c si. C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn\u00a0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201c \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn si, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng V \u2013 m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7 kheo kh\u00e1c (2) \u2013 7 )<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ; V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n khi x\u1ea3 ly ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3. Hai l\u1ecdai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Vedanta l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y :<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y ? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, T\u1ef7 kheo l\u00e0 B\u1eadc Alah\u00e1n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. Trong v\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u0103m c\u0103n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ngang qua n\u0103m c\u0103n \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c kh\u1ed5. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, tham di\u1ec7t, s\u00e2n di\u1ec7t, si di\u1ec7t. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y ? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, T\u1ef7 kheo l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Alah\u00e1n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, h\u1eefu ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0 nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh tri. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoan h\u1ec9 \u01b0a th\u00edch, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

(Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Duk III, 7 \u2013 443 )<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn tam qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0. Qu\u1ea3 Alah\u00e1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y hay V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o h\u1eefu th\u00e2n hay v\u00f4 th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ecdai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t :<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo! Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t. Khi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n \u1ea5y. Khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng chung th\u1eddi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 I, Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng \u2013 46 )<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m\u00a0v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng\u00a0<\/i><\/b>m\u00e0\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft\u00a0<\/i><\/b>l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, Ni\u1ebfn b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh x\u01b0a nay. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian sinh di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 d\u1ef1a t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hay sinh t\u1eed r\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec sinh t\u1eed (m\u00ea) v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (gi\u00e1c) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi vi di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, v\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1\u00a0TA\u00a0<\/b>v\u00e0\u00a0C\u1ee6A TA\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u201cm\u1ed9t<\/b>\u201d c\u00e1i \u201cThu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p<\/b>\u201d c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1\u00a0Nga<\/i><\/b>\u00f5 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t khao mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. Trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u01b0ng b\u00edt. Ni\u1ec1m vui ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi n\u00e0o ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111am m\u00ea trong d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 xem nh\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i xem tr\u1ecdng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u00f3ng th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c h\u1eefu vi. T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh th\u00ec sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec sinh v\u00e0o th\u00e2n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 vui. C\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nh\u00e2n \u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt. V\u00e0 t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao l\u1eafm sinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\u00a0 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u h\u1eefu vi. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (V\u00f4 vi ). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tu nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n :<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, c\u00f3 x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y,\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda,, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean \u2026 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo ! Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0 c\u00f3 sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf duy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft, UD 80 \u2013 381 )<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n :<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi, th\u1eddi \u1edf nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sanh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, h\u1eefu vi. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sanh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, h\u1eefu vi\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft, UD 80 \u2013 382 )<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n :<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 khinh an, c\u00f3 khinh an th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sanh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft, UD 81 \u2013 382)<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o. Ni\u1ebft n\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec h\u1eb1ng tri h\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tho\u00e1t ly n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u201cPhi nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean, ly t\u1ee9 c\u00fa, tuy\u1ec7t b\u00e1c<\/i><\/b>h\u00a0phi<\/i><\/b>\u201d. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 r\u1ecf bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ? Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 coi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, b\u00e8n th\u00e0nh t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y coi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cT\u0129nh<\/i><\/b>\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n coi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/b>\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0 c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 (Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i) \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh t\u1ecbch. Th\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00ec mang \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh n\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gian, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebfn b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u0169ng t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u01a1i b\u1ec3 sinh t\u1eed m\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u01a1i b\u1edd Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00ec sanh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 sanh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi sinh di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na. qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua, v\u1ecb lai th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf s\u00e1t na hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i,\u00a0ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd<\/i>. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, song song t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi :<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ?<\/p>\n

S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p :<\/p>\n

– H\u00e3y n\u01a1i sanh t\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: Anna<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt: 10-2007<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.quangduc.com\/coban-2\/304nietban.html<\/a><\/p>\n

———————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0S\u1eed \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>
\n(t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Sa M\u00f4n Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

A – M\u1edf \u00d0\u1ec1:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn lao, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u00ecm \u00d0\u1ea1o. \u00d0\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u1edbn lao \u1ea5y l\u00e0:”c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p b\u1ed1n \u01a1n s\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0: Thay th\u1ebf ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec cao th\u00e2m huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u0103n c\u01a1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p trong si m\u00ea l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp quen s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a si m\u00ea, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi cho\u00e1 m\u1eaft, ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eebng ch\u00f3i c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i x\u00e9t bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 hoa sen, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f9n tanh h\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ecfa nh\u1ee5y v\u00e0ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u01a1ng-quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c-hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B – Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

I –\u00a0<\/span>S\u1ef1 H\u00f3a \u00d0\u1ed9 R\u1ed9ng L\u1edbn V\u00e0 C\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafp C\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi r\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u, nh\u1edd tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tri\u1eb9t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u00fd ch\u00ed d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Trong khi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. H\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u0103n c\u01a1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o, \u00fd ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n t\u00ecm m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. M\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng: Ki\u1ec1uTr\u1ea7nNh\u01b0, A\u00f9cB\u1ec7, Th\u1eadpL\u1ef1c, MaHaNam v\u00e0 B\u1ea1c\u00d0\u1ec1. B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9-di\u1ec7u-\u0111\u1ebf. N\u0103m v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 5 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft lu\u00f4n ba th\u00e1ng cho 55 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Da-X\u00e1, 55 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e8u xin qui y theo Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1uTr\u1ea7nNh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh 60 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, 60 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u00e0y sau khi gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd-k\u00fd cho \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c-uy\u1ec3n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u00e9n x\u1ee9 \u01aful\u1ea7ut\u1ea7nloa v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o Th\u1edd L\u1eeda l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ma-ha Ca-Di\u1ebfp v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u1ee7a O\u00e2ng. O\u00e2ng Ca-Di\u1ebfp mang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 1,250 v\u1ecb, xin qui-y theo Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi h\u1eb9n x\u01b0a v\u1edbi vua T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-xa-la, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Maki\u1ec7t\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ngx\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 cho vua. Vua T\u1ea7nb\u00e0xala g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i, vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft, truy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 Tr\u00fac l\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 Tr\u00fac l\u00e2m, th\u00ec vua T\u1ecbnh-Ph\u1ea1n nghe tin Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9-gi\u1ea3 \u0111i th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Cat\u1ef3lav\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng 9 l\u1ea7n 9 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7t t\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Th\u00ec ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac l\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 say m\u00ea qu\u00ean s\u1ee9m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xin th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 10, T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n-v\u01b0\u01a1ng sai m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n th\u00e2n t\u00edn l\u00e0 \u01afu-\u00d0\u00e0-Di, m\u1edbi th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Cat\u1ef3lav\u1ec7, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 cho kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Cat\u1ef3lav\u1ec7, Ng\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i 7 ng\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i \u1ea5y, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u xin qui y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn xin xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng: Nan-\u00d0\u00e0, A-Nan-\u00d0\u00e0, A-N\u1eadu-L\u00e2u-\u00d0\u00e0, La-H\u1ea7u-La…<\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-V\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u t\u00e1t la, thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-N\u1eb7c. \u1ede th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tu-\u00d0\u1ea1t-\u00d0a, gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng c\u00f4i c\u00fat, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c. O\u00e2ng r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fat h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c trong kho ra mua khu v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3\u00d0\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 cho Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u nghe tin vua T\u1ecbnh-Ph\u1ea1n \u0111au n\u1eb7ng, s\u1eafp b\u0103ng h\u00e0, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed9i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u0103m cha l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0 “L\u1ebd v\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” cho vua nghe. Nghe xong ,vua li\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i b\u0103ng h\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Sau khi T\u1ecbnh-Ph\u1ea1n-V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t, b\u00e0 m\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 MaHaBaX\u00e0Ba\u00d0\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 DaDu\u00d0\u00e0La c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean n\u1eef gi\u00f3i h\u1ecd Th\u00edch xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t gia. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 trong \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng T\u1ef3KheoNi.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9, tin theo v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5pC\u00f4\u00d0\u1ed9c l\u1eadp T\u1ecbnhXa, c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n tr\u00ed d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\nkh\u00e1c; L\u1eadp T\u1ef3Keo tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i T\u1ef3KheoNi sau.<\/p>\n

2- H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, l\u1eafm khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh gay go tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c do l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1 k\u0129 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, hay l\u00f2ng ganh gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tu\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ho, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u00f4 g\u00e1i con ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9n b\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eeda d\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u00d0\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng\u0111\u1ec3 vu oan cho Ng\u00e0i; khi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb anh ch\u00e0ng V\u00f4 n\u00e3o \u0111u\u1ed5i theo quy\u1ebft gi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay g\u00f3p th\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ng\u00f3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y, v\u00ec theo thuy\u1ebft t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3; khi th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1t \u00d0a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd hung \u00e1c, \u00e2m m\u01b0u h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ea3 voi say cho ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p Ph\u1eadt, hay l\u0103n \u0111\u00e1 to t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec oai \u0111\u1ee9c uy danh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt bao b\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u xa n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, xoay chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebb khinh gh\u00e9t Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00e0i; k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0: \u00d0\u1ebfB\u00e0\u00d0\u1ea1t\u00d0a c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd k\u00fd; anh ch\u00e0ng V\u00f4N\u00e3o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui y; b\u1ea7y voi say c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i; Vua AX\u00e0Th\u1ebf c\u0169ng h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tu\u1ef3 theo c\u0103n c\u01a1, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Nan\u00d0\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n ngao du, luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111ua \u00f4ng l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi xem nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, vui th\u00fa kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u1ee5c k\u00edch nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh hai c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ecdc nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng A-Nan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng nghe nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p duy\u00ean c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean m\u1eafc n\u1ea1n “Ma\u00d0\u0103ngGi\u00e0”, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111em gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00e2m s\u00e2u l\u00e0 Kinh L\u0103ng-Nghi\u00eam ra gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00f4ng A-Nan th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00e0 lo tu luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng giong ru\u1ed5i theo gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Xem nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng y gi\u1ecfi t\u00f9y b\u1ecbnh cho thu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu \u0111\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n cho h\u1ecd khai ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy y theo Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

3 – H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 theo tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m son qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadt trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n Ng\u00e0i. Ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n \u1ea5u th\u01a1, tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap nh\u1eef k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn \u0111em ra l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u00f3c ng\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 khi Ng\u00e0i xin n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u1ea4n-\u0111\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m l\u00e2y \u00f4-u\u1ebf cho Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o:”kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p trong gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”.<\/p>\n

Trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u01afuBaLy, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n Chi\u00ean\u0111\u00e0la, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00e1nh ph\u1ea9n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. Ch\u00ednh vua BaT\u01b0N\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt:” \u00d0\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed Ton th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn k\u1ebb h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng \u00d0\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ecfi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang T\u0103ng sao?” Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m B\u1ed3\u00d0\u1ec1, xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec qu\u00ed b\u00e1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec hoa sen m\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn tinh khi\u1ebft th\u01a1m tho”. “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh B\u00e0lam\u00f4n (giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean h\u1ebft) hay Chi\u00ean\u0111\u00e0la (giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t)m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1edf h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Chi\u00ean\u0111\u00e0la hay B\u00e0lam\u00f4n”.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i x\u00e2u gi\u00f9m kim cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, hoan h\u1ef7 nh\u1eadn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a bb\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng Ng\u00e0i, th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh b\u1eefa c\u01a1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1t than ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n d\u00e2ng c\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1\u1ee5n th\u00e1n:<\/p>\n

-“\u00d0\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 vua B\u1ea1c\u00d0\u1ec1Ca, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eabn c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u01afuBaLy; kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Tu\u00d0\u1ea1t\u00d0a, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n\u00d0\u00e0; kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t gia c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh tham nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i CaDi\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1nh tham nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Nan\u00d0\u00e0; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi an t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho vua T\u1ea7nB\u00e0SaLa trong l\u00fac \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ea1ng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 80 tu\u1ed5i; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu M\u1ea1tL\u0129, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho d\u00e2m n\u1eef Li\u00eanHoa”.<\/p>\n

II-\u00a0N\u0103m Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 N\u00f3i Kinh\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f9y theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 49 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ra, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed k\u1ebft t\u1eadp chia ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m th\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

1.Th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i Kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3\u00d0\u1ec1, n\u00f3i KINH HOA NGHI\u00caM 21 ng\u00e0y. V\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 cao s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee7 d\u00edch c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u:
\na) D\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u1eadc B\u1ed3t\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

b) N\u00eau b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0Lai, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; Ngo\u00e0i ra h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ng\u1ed3i nghe nhu \u0111ui, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ebfc, hu\u1ed1ng chi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o,t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m sao hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i! \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

2.Th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh A-H\u00e0m\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n, mu\u1ed1n l\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p”, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca y theo ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Tam th\u1eeba. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i Kinh A H\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn 12 n\u0103m, d\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn, m\u00e0 lo b\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 tu v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.Th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1eb3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c tha n\u1eefa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee9a (AlaH\u00e1n), \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00e1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c bao la c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadtgi\u00e1o. A\u00e1y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00f3i Kinh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1eb3ng tr\u1ecdn 8 n\u0103m, d\u1eabn d\u1eafc Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba qua \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

4.Th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xem c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eebng cao n\u1eefa l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. A\u00e1y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00f3i Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn 22 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

5.Th\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ea7n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, th\u00eam th\u1ea5y c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0Lai, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i b\u00e8n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn: “Khai th\u1ecb ch\u00fang sanh ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt tri ki\u1ebfn”. Ng\u00e0i ph\u00fa ch\u00fac, th\u1ecd k\u00fd cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. A\u00e1y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00f3i Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u00e0 Kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u1ecdn 8 n\u0103m. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i 5 th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p C\u1ed5 nh\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 tam th\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1t
\nA-H\u00e0m th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1eb3ng b\u00e1t
\nNh\u1ecb th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ni\u00ean B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0m
\nPh\u00e1p Hoa Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ed9ng b\u00e1t ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecaCH NGH\u0128A<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i Hoa Nghi\u00eam h\u0103m m\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y
\nA-H\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1eb3ng t\u00e1m
\nHai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai n\u0103m n\u00f3i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3
\nPh\u00e1p Hoa Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

III-\u00a0S\u1ef1 H\u00f3a \u00d0\u1ed9 Vi\u00ean M\u00e3n\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1edd\u00d0\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian 49 n\u0103m, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp x\u1ee9 A\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao la, h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec5 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i d\u1eabm \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 A\u00f9nh \u00d0\u1ea1o V\u00e0ng b\u1eebng t\u1ecfa huy ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i theo m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xao l\u1ea3ng, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, t\u1eeb khi tr\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0, t\u1eeb m\u00f9a m\u01b0a cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a n\u1eafng. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y khi tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a s\u00e1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, thay \u0111\u1ed5i y ph\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e1n c\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u01b0a m\u1edbi ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 trai. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l6an c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn nghe; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i chu du \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh trong 9 th\u00e1ng n\u1eafng r\u00e1o; c\u00f2n ba th\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn (theo th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9), th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u1edf lu\u00f4n trong T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

R\u00f2ng r\u00e3 trong 49 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng T\u1eebbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i tinh t\u1ea5n gieo r\u1eafc kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u1edf A\u00e9n\u0111\u1ed9. T\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam, t\u1eeb \u00d0\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y, t\u1eeb r\u1eebng r\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn, hay truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn thay Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1eeb vua \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n, t\u1eeb gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u00e8o, t\u1eeb gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i nam \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp Ng\u00e0i, vui th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i trong \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb bi do Ng\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 Anh \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec T\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o lui xa d\u1ea7n, tan bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n m\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, tan bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh \u00d0ang l\u00ean. Gi\u1ecdng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 oai l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng s\u01b0 t\u1eed r\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea7m th\u00fa ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng H\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean, l\u1ea5n \u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ebfng t\u1ec9 t\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, chim ch\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1o B\u1ed3\u00d0\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o A\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 bao la, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i A\u00e1n\u0111\u1ed9. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c tha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

IV-\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Khi Nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1 – Ph\u1eadt b\u00e1o tin s\u1eafp l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 80 tu\u1ed5i. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1eafc th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng theo lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, y\u1ebfu g\u00eca. N\u0103m \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 \u1edf r\u1eebng SaLa trong x\u1ee9 C\u00e2uLy, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh Balan\u1ea1i ch\u1eebng 120 d\u1eb7m. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Anan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

-“A Nan! \u00d0\u1ea1o ta nay \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a, nay ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed: T\u1ef3Kheo, T\u1ef3KheoNi, \u01afuB\u00e0T\u1eafc, \u01afuB\u00e0Di. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay ta chuy\u1ec3n xe ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 ra \u0111i. Th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ta, theo lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 xe \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f2n r\u00e3. Ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf ph\u00e1p, nay xe \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eeba m\u00f2n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 lan kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, v\u1eady ta c\u00f2n m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ti\u1ec1u t\u1ee5y n\u00e0y n\u1eefa? A-Nan! Trong ba th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

Tin \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, lan ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i xa, l\u1ee5c t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 chia ly l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian ba th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m Ng\u00e0i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ngang qua m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1t than, \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n \u00d0\u00e0, th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trai. Ng\u00e0i im l\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed theo \u00f4ng v\u1ec1. \u00d0\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n \u00d0\u00e0 d\u1ecdn ra c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o n\u1ea5m Chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m heo r\u1eebng, v\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ed1ng heo r\u1eebng \u01b0a th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5 trai xong, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 \u00f4ng Thu\u1ea7n \u00d0\u00e0 ra \u0111i. \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00e1i giao b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t cho \u00f4ng A Nan v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n treo v\u00f5ng l\u00ean, trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y Ta-la (T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u00e2y song th\u1ecd, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn chia ra nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n), \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9. Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, m\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 phi\u00e1 tay ph\u1ea3i, m\u1eb7t x\u00e2y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, hai ch\u00e2n tr\u00e9o v\u00e0o nhau.<\/p>\n

Nghe tin Ng\u00e0i s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00ednh vi\u1ebfng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng, trong s\u1ed1\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i 80 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00ean TuB\u1ea1c\u00d0\u00e0La \u0111\u1ebfn xin xu\u1ea5t gia th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi Sadi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i hoan h\u1ef7 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u00f3t trong \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2- Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh Di Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00fa ch\u00fac\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb \u00f4ng Ca-Di\u1ebfp v\u00ec \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p xa, ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp. Ng\u00e0i h\u1ed9i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn quanh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0i ph\u00fa ch\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

a) Y,b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n cho \u00f4ng Ma-Ha Ca-Di\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m Th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

c) \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Kinh ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean n\u00eau 4 ch\u1eef: “Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb ng\u00e3 v\u0103n”.<\/p>\n

d) X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho Thi\u00ean cung,<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho Long cung,<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n chia cho 8 v\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n\u00d0\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

– “N\u00e0y! C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111i! C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0m \u0111u\u1ed1c! H\u00e3y theo Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t! \u00d0\u1eebng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf\u00a0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi!..”.<\/p>\n

– “N\u00e0y! C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u1eddi ta d\u1eb7n. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00ed gi\u00e1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1o ta l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di, b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch. H\u00e3y tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ta!”.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd xong, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u00a0 nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng hai \u00c2L (theo gi\u00e1o s\u1eed Trung hoa).<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng c\u00e2y Ta-la tu\u00f4n hoa xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t u \u00e1m, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf h\u00e9o \u00faa, chim ch\u00f3c im b\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfng h\u00f3t. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00ecm l\u1eb7ng trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia ly.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ea9n li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i vao trong kim quan v\u00e0 7 ng\u00e0y sau, \u0111ua kim quan Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh C\u00e2u thi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Thi\u1ec7n Quang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3 (l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau).<\/p>\n

T\u00e1m v\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u1edf \u1ea4n\u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o binh h\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn toan tranh d\u00e0nh X\u00e1L\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u00edch y theo di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

C – K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. Su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i, trong 80 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i xao l\u1ea3ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong bb\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5. Khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i gia, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u00f3 di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t, cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn; khi v\u00e0o trong \u00d0\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1edf y\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 d\u1ee7i rong tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ecb b\u1eb7m, gai g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an vui v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

1- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u00fd ch\u00ed d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho ri\u00eang h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta quang ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0129 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta quan ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ta quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n h\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00edn \u0111\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

2- T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u00fang ta , nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, cao c\u1ea3; b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, s\u00e2u xa. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u00ec b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc d\u00f9 hay ho qu\u00ed b\u00e1u bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

– “M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00ed gi\u00e1. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tan r\u00e3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ea1o ta l\u00e0 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o ta l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n


\nH\u00c3Y TINH T\u1ea4N L\u00caN \u00d0\u1ec2 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T!”\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec di\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y trong khi tu h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.tangthuphathoc.net\/timhieupg\/lichsuphatthichca-2.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

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T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/b><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n
L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc C\u01b0\u01a1ng – NCS \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc KHXH & NV<\/b><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n
\n<\/blockquote>\n

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N<\/span><\/b>i\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ? N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 kha\u00ed ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1ed9 (The Englightened)<\/span>m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo Ng\u00e0i, tri\u1ebft gia d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tri\u1ebft gia, c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn hay th\u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Tri ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ca\u00ed th\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 tu v\u00e0 49 ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi … l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai m\u1edf c\u00e1i tri gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau : Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, duy\u00ean tan th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, \u0111ang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian. Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0 vi\u1ebft : “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c ngay li\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec c\u00e1i d\u00f2ng sinh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra”. Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 \u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kia. Sinh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sinh. Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham, s\u00e2n, si. Tham l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecdat l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang, s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh. S\u00e2n l\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, ganh gh\u00e9t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Si l\u00e0 u m\u00ea, t\u0103m t\u1ed1i ch\u1ea1y \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n do v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1o ra. V\u00f4 minh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. V\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa vi\u1ebft : “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c”(Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa – Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, 1986, tr.23). Do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u1eddi quanh qu\u1ea9n trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i : sinh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh, t\u00e1i sinh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft. Sinh ra l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u00fac sinh, l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 hay A tu la\u1ea8 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed t\u1eed sinh tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 : Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ? Kinh Milida – Panan\u00e0 vi\u1ebft : “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi hay ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n … nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1eeda phat (1) sinh. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p – Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr.474). Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft : “Trong Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, tinh t\u00fa, l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a, sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, 25 c\u00f5i \u1ea8. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i”. (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1eadp 1 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c N\u00e0gasenna v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ta th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau : L\u00e2u l\u1eafm c\u00e1 m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u00f9a. C\u00e1 h\u1ecfi :<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

– Ch\u00e0o ch\u1ecb r\u00f9a, ch\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ?<\/span>
\n– A , ch\u00e0o ch\u1ecb c\u00e1. T\u00f4i \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 – R\u00f9a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 \u00e0 ? C\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean – ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ? T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/span>
\n– Ch\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – R\u00f9a \u0111\u00e1p – Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 th\u1eadt.<\/span>
\n– N\u00e0y, ch\u1ecb r\u00f9a, ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i coi. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0m sao, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb \u00eam d\u1ecbu d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, \u00eam d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ecdi xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ecdi xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong l\u00f2ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng ,\u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng.<\/span>
\n– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng ?<\/span>
\n– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng tan th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt.<\/span>
\nC\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddi vang v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi r\u00f9a :<\/span>
\n– T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ch\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng : \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n hay c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ?<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kinh Udanna Itivuttaka v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n cho th\u1ea5y: Theo Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Nh\u01b0 Lai khi v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft : ” K\u1ebb n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, b\u1ecb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, b\u1ecb m\u00f9 l\u00f2a v\u00ec n\u00f3, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tai h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, cho c\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr.122-181). Mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0. Khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft :<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

“K\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ham mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu\u1ea8.b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ham \u0111\u1eafm m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t tham, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”( Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh hay tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c hay m\u1ecdi tham \u0111\u1eafm do v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tham, s\u00e2n, si, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m. Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m vi\u1ebft :”Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu ? S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t tham, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t s\u00e2n, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t si. \u0110\u00f3, n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p , NXB Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 467). Sir Edwin Arnorl c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft :”If any teach Nirvana is to cease, say unto such they lie, if any teach Nirvana is to leave, say unto such they err, not knowing this. From a metaphysical stanpoint Nirvana is deliverance from suffering. From a psychological standpoint Nirvana is the eradication of egoism. From an ethical standpoint Nirvana is destruction of lust, hatred, and ignoranca”(The Light of Asia or The Great Renunciation By Sir Edwin Arnorl London 1948, tr. 153) (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1i l\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf tham s\u00e2n si). Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd, hay d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. V\u1eady trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t tham s\u00e2n si, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecd m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn d\u00ednhm\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c quan do v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Dhyana) . Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mu\u00f4n sai ng\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1i bi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c b\u1eebng n\u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham s\u00e2n, si, m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c do thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i, ranh gi\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi , ta v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n, ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u1ed1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi b\u1eebng n\u1edf, d\u00e2ng tr\u00e0n. Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u00e1t l\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft :”\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). “Y \u0660th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). “Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefngki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 do \u00fd ni\u1ec7m “T\u00f4i l\u00e0” th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u00e1c quan nh\u01b0 sau : Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fac g\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn do s\u1ef1 g\u00e3i. Do b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb m\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb, anh ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, trong l\u00fac mang th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 “H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 “V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A la H\u00e1n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac tr\u00fat b\u1ecf x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 n\u00f3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau :Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hay ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1i tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ai v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 cho ai \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1t khao ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ea5n, b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi hay n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t, tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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(T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 5\/2000)<\/div>\n
Trang nh\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01b0 S\u0129<\/span><\/a><\/center><\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.buddhismtoday.com\/viet\/phatphap\/140-nietban.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

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BA M\u01af\u01a0I B\u00c0I THUY\u1ebeT PH\u00c1P<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a<\/a><\/td>\n16. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kinh Duy Ma<\/a><\/td>\n17. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Qu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sanh theo kinh Duy Ma<\/a><\/td>\n18. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. B\u1ea5t Nh\u1ecb ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n trong kinh Duy Ma<\/a><\/td>\n19. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a t\u00e2m linh<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. \u00dd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch trong kinh Duy Ma<\/a><\/td>\n20. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n linh<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/a><\/td>\n21. Tu t\u00e2m<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7. \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt theo kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/a><\/td>\n22. Canh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8. \u00dd ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n23. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 Y\u00ean T\u1eed<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9. \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ba xe v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n24. N\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb danh t\u0103ng<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10. \u00dd ngh\u0129a h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n25. \u00dd ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n Pl.2538 (T\u1ee9 Nhi\u1ebfp Ph\u00e1p)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11. Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n26. \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12. \u00dd ngh\u0129a Long N\u1eef d\u00e2ng ch\u00e2u trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n27. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13. An L\u1ea1c H\u1ea1nh theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n28. Xu\u00e2n hoan h\u1ef7<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t T\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba D\u0169ng Xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/td>\n29. Xu\u00e2n trong c\u1eeda thi\u1ec1n<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15. C\u1ea3m ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/a><\/td>\n30. Xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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16. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/h2>\n
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(Tr\u00edch b\u00e1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 7, 1-4-1991)<\/div>\n

\u00d4n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m : xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u1eef Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u0103ng ?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eedPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m, ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n qua kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Nirvana, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tu 37 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n vui trong s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vui th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh hay tha nh\u00e2n. Kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, thanh th\u1ea3n, an vui c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang khi Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eaft l\u1eeda l\u00f2ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1eafng y\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sanh l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m \u1edf d\u1ea1ng V\u00f4 sanh duy\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 sanh, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eed hay V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a A la h\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt x\u00f3a tan v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m an l\u1ea1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh di gi\u00e1o theo tinh th\u1ea7n kinh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n di gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean ta n\u00ean t\u1ef1 th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c m\u00e0 \u0111i, t\u1ef1 lo l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, khi Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. \u00dd n\u00e0y trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebftb\u00e0n hay v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c. \u00dd ngh\u0129a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea9m 16 Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, A tu la th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, xu\u1ea5t gia, ng\u1ed3i c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft h\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi tu h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c c\u0169ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m nghi ng\u1edd. T\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ng\u0169 b\u00e1ch \u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nay r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u xa. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e2u xa \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf Ta b\u00e0, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang sanh mang c\u1eb7p k\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb l\u00e2u xa. H\u1ecd sanh t\u00e2m bu\u00f4ng lung ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng y t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con. Khi \u00f4ng b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i xa, c\u00e1c con \u1edf nh\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m, ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, li\u1ec1n h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh. \u00dd n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1200 La h\u00e1n theo Ph\u1eadt tu h\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, v\u1eabn m\u00ea say b\u00e1m theo c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tay c\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c ch\u01a1i. \u00dd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fat g\u00ec kinh d\u1ea1y. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf b\u1ecf \u0111i, r\u1ed3i loan tin \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1c con m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, v\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng y, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng lo tu. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0ng l\u1ecdng Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i sanh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngay th\u1eb3ng \u00fd d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng h\u00f2a nh\u00e3, quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u00e0i T\u1eeb \u00c2n, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, d\u00f9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ecfa chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 khai tri ki\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sanh m\u00ea m\u1edd, Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Khi h\u1ecd h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh, s\u00e1ng m\u1eaft m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u1edf ngay Ta b\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111ang h\u1eebng ch\u00e1y. Trong khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn \u1edf Ta b\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an vui, c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean tr\u1ed7i nh\u1ea1c r\u1ea3i hoa c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u1edf Ta b\u00e0, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9 sanh trong kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hay Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u01b0 v\u00f4 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng theo th\u00e1ng n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00ec \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh di\u1ec7t b\u00e0y ra.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh sanh th\u00e2n Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a 49 n\u0103m \u1edf Ta b\u00e0, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch xa Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi T\u1ed5 d\u1ea1y : “C\u1eadn nhi b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn, vi\u1ec5n nhi t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m, m\u1ea5y ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn an nhi\u00ean tu t\u1eadp trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Sanh th\u00e2n Th\u00edch Ca c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp tri\u1ec3n khai, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch tham d\u1ee5c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u tr\u1ea7n lao, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1nh h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu trong su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n hay Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cho B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u1ea5y, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng qua su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u1ebf th\u1eeba sau khi Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ch\u00fang ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec di s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, duy tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.chuahuenghiem.net\/thu-vien\/sach\/ba-muoi-bai-thuyet-phap\/16-niet-ban-theo-kinh-phap-hoa\/<\/a><\/p>\n

———————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/h1>\n

http:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ni%E1%BA%BFt-b%C3%A0n<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h2>\n

Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/b>\u00a0(zh.<\/a>\u00a0ni\u00e8p\u00e1n<\/i>\u00a0\u6d85\u69c3,\u00a0sa.<\/a>\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>,\u00a0pi.<\/a>\u00a0nibb\u0101na<\/i>,\u00a0ja.<\/a>\u00a0nehan<\/i>) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u00e2m t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c\u00a0ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n<\/a>\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li<\/a>\u00a0nibb\u0101na<\/i>.\u00a0Nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>\u00a0nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb\u00a0ni\u1e25-\u221av\u0101 (2) nirv\u0101ti<\/b>\u00a0v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a “th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft”, “d\u1eadp t\u1eaft” (m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda) v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>\u00a0mang ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft. Qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0Di\u1ec7t<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u6ec5),\u00a0Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u6ec5\u76e1),\u00a0Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/b>(zh. \u6ec5\u5ea6),\u00a0T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u5bc2\u6ec5),\u00a0B\u1ea5t sinh<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u4e0d\u751f),\u00a0Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u5713\u5bc2), v\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i cao trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u00fd l\u00e0\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u89e3\u812b),\u00a0V\u00f4 vi<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u7121\u7232),\u00a0An l\u1ea1c<\/b>\u00a0(zh. \u5b89\u6a02).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/li>\n
  2. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0<\/li>\n
  3. V\u00f4 vi<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h2>\n

    T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h3>\n

    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec7t\u00a0Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/a>\u00a0(zh, \u8f2a\u56de, sa., pi.\u00a0sa\u1e43s\u0101ra<\/i>) . \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ba nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n (zh. \u4e0d\u5584, sa.\u00a0aku\u015bala<\/i>, pi.\u00a0akusala<\/i>) l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u696d, sa.\u00a0karma<\/i>, pi.\u00a0kamma<\/i>), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/a>), V\u00f4 vi (zh. \u7121\u7232, sa.\u00a0asa\u1e43k\u1e5bta<\/i>), \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng s\u1ef1 sinh, th\u00e0nh, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t.\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/i>\u00a0(pi.\u00a0therag\u0101th\u0101<\/i>) ghi (Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch P\u0101li-Vi\u1ec7t):<\/p>\n

    \n

    Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
    sabbo r\u0101go pah\u012bno me, sabbo doso sam\u016bhato,<\/i><\/dd>\n
    sabbo me vigato moho, s\u012btibh\u016bto `smi nibbuto.<\/i>\u00a0||79||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

    D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
    Ta \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tham d\u1ee5c (pi.\u00a0r\u0101ga<\/i>), \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn (pi.\u00a0dosa<\/i>), ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 si m\u00ea (pi.\u00a0moha<\/i>)\u2014Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng (pi.\u00a0s\u012btibh\u016bta<\/i>), ch\u1ee9ng ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (pi.\u00a0nibbuta<\/i>). ||79||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

    V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/a>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0mah\u0101y\u0101na<\/i>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u83e9\u85a9, sa.\u00a0bodhisattva<\/i>, pi.\u00a0bodhisatta<\/i>) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, zh. \u773e\u751f\u5e73\u7b49, sa.\u00a0sattvasamat\u0101<\/i>) \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi \u201cd\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa trong t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ecdi tham \u00e1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. Ngay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf (zh. \u51fa\u4e16; sa.\u00a0lokottara<\/i>) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u xa c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gian, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u00f4ng ta.\u00a0T\u1eadp b\u1ed9 kinh<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(pi.\u00a0suttanip\u0101ta<\/i>) mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau (Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch P\u0101li-Vi\u1ec7t):<\/p>\n

    \n

    Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
    acc\u012b yath\u0101 v\u0101tavegena khitto, attha\u1e43 paleti na upeti sankha\u1e43,<\/i><\/dd>\n
    eva\u1e43 mun\u012b n\u0101mak\u0101y\u0101 vimutto, attha\u1e43 paleti na upeti sankha\u1e43.<\/i>\u00a0||1074||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
    \n
    atthan gatassa na pam\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43 atthi, yena na\u1e43 vajju ta\u1e43 tassa n`atthi<\/i><\/dd>\n
    sabbesu dhammesu sam\u016bhatesu, sam\u016bhat\u0101 v\u0101dapath\u0101 pi sabbe.<\/i>\u00a0||1076||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

    D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
    Nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda (pi.\u00a0acc\u012b<\/i>) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 (pi.\u00a0v\u0101tavega<\/i>) d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\u2014c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u-ni \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi danh x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c (pi.\u00a0n\u0101mak\u0101ya<\/i>) \u0111i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1n an ngh\u1ec9, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.||1074||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
    \n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 an ngh\u1ec9 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (pi.\u00a0pam\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00f4ng ta. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng ta. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (pi.v\u0101dapatha<\/i>) c\u0169ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.||1076||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

    Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201can l\u1ea1c\u201d nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i Kh\u1ed5 (sa.\u00a0du\u1e25kha<\/i>, pi.\u00a0dukkha<\/i>). V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n theo quan ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0 v\u00f4. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a li\u1ec7u Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u0169ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec l\u00ed do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

    Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h3>\n

    Trong\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/a>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0h\u012bnay\u0101na<\/i>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u6709\u9918\u6d85\u69c3; sa.\u00a0sopadhi\u015be\u1e63a-nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>, pi.\u00a0savupadisesa-nibb\u0101na<\/i>): Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f2n t\u00e0n d\u01b0, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/a>, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201ch\u1eefu d\u01b0\u201d. Trong H\u1eefu d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169. C\u00f3 l\u00fac h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 (sa.\u00a0aprati\u1e63\u1e6dhita-nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/li>\n
    2. V\u00f4 d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (zh. \u7121\u9918\u6d85\u69c3, sa.\u00a0nirupadhi\u015be\u1e63a-nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>, pi.\u00a0anupadisesa-nibb\u0101na<\/i>): l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (sa.\u00a0pa\u00f1ca-skandha<\/i>), m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 (sa., pi.\u00a0\u0101yatana<\/i>), m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi (sa., pi.\u00a0dh\u0101tu<\/i>) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c C\u0103n (sa., pi.\u00a0indriya<\/i>). Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0A-la-h\u00e1n<\/a>\u00a0sau khi ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh. Lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u822c\u6d85\u69c3, sa.\u00a0parinirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>), l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ngay trong Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u90e8, sa.\u00a0sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da<\/i>) lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 quan, cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng sinh th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5. C\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbiKinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u7d93\u91cf\u90e8, sa.\u00a0sautr\u0101ntika<\/i>) th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u72a2\u5b50\u90e8, sa.\u00a0v\u0101ts\u012bputr\u012bya<\/i>) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (sa.\u00a0pudgala<\/i>, d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la \u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f5i m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u5927\u773e\u90e8, sa.\u00a0mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghika<\/i>)\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u2014th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i sau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (sa.\u00a0aprati\u1e63\u1e6dhita-nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

      Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h3>\n

      Trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba n\u00e0o xem B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, vi\u1ec7c \u201cnh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i\u201d sau khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n: V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (zh. \u7121\u4f4f\u8655\u6d85\u69c3, sa.\u00a0aprati\u1e63\u1e6dhitanirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (zh. \u4f4f\u8655\u6d85\u69c3, sa.\u00a0prati\u1e63\u1e6dhita-nirv\u0101\u1e47a<\/i>) v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>\n

      Trung qu\u00e1n t\u00f4ng\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h4>\n

      Trung qu\u00e1n t\u00f4ng<\/a>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0m\u0101dhyamika<\/i>) cho r\u1eb1ng, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh, zh. \u7a7a\u6027, sa.\u00a0\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101<\/i>), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1i thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng\u201d, c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi\u00a0Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/a>\u00a0(zh. \u771f\u5982, sa.\u00a0tathat\u0101<\/i>) kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00ed t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i l\u00ed t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Long Th\u1ee5<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Khai t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Trung qu\u00e1n, ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Trung lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0madhyamaka\u015b\u0101stra<\/i>) n\u1ed5i danh, ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 25,\u00a0Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/i>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0nirv\u0101\u1e47apar\u012bk\u1e63\u0101<\/i>, Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ea1n-Vi\u1ec7t):<\/p>\n

      \n

      Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
      aprah\u012b\u1e47am asa\u1e43pr\u0101ptam anucchinnam a\u015b\u0101\u015bvatam<\/i>\u00a0|<\/dd>\n
      aniruddham anutpannam etan nirv\u0101\u1e47am ucyate<\/i>\u00a0||25.03||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      bh\u0101va\u015b ca yadi nirv\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43 nirv\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43 sa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta\u1e43 bhavet<\/i>\u00a0|<\/dd>\n
      n\u0101sa\u1e43sk\u1e5bto hi vidyate bh\u0101va\u1e25 kva cana ka\u015b cana<\/i>\u00a0||25.05||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      ya \u0101java\u1e43jav\u012bbh\u0101va up\u0101d\u0101ya prat\u012btya v\u0101 |<\/i><\/dd>\n
      so `prat\u012bty\u0101nup\u0101d\u0101ya nirv\u0101\u1e47am upadi\u015byate ||25.09||<\/i><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      na sa\u1e43s\u0101rasya nirv\u0101\u1e47\u0101t ki\u1e43cid asti vi\u015be\u1e63a\u1e47am<\/i>\u00a0|<\/dd>\n
      na nirv\u0101\u1e47asya sa\u1e43s\u0101r\u0101t ki\u1e43cid asti vi\u015be\u1e63a\u1e47am<\/i>\u00a0||25.19||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      nirv\u0101\u1e47asya ca y\u0101 ko\u1e6di\u1e25 ko\u1e6di\u1e25 sa\u1e43sara\u1e47asya ca<\/i>\u00a0|<\/dd>\n
      na tayor antara\u1e43 ki\u1e43cit sus\u016bk\u1e63mam api vidyate<\/i>\u00a0||25.20||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      sarvopalambhopa\u015bama\u1e25 prapa\u00f1copa\u015bama\u1e25 \u015biva\u1e25<\/i>\u00a0|<\/dd>\n
      na kva cit kasyacit ka\u015bcid dharmo buddhena de\u015bita\u1e25<\/i>\u00a0||25.24||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

      D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
      C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng sinh th\u00e0nh\u2014c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. ||25.03||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      N\u1ebfu Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi (sa.\u00a0sa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta<\/i>), v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi (sa.\u00a0asa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta<\/i>) c\u1ea3. ||25.05||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. ||25.09||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i so v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n so v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. ||25.19||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
      \n
      \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. ||25.20||<\/dd>\n
      S\u1ef1 an t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 an t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o (\u2014\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n). Ch\u1eb3ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t ai. ||25.24||<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

      Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h4>\n

      Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng (zh. \u552f\u8b58\u5b97, sa.\u00a0vij\u00f1\u0101nav\u0101din<\/i>) c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n: Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a A-la-h\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9\u201d. D\u1ea1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cd\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ban ph\u00e1t l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ngh\u0129a quy \u01b0\u1edbc. Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (sa.\u00a0la\u1e45k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btra<\/i>) ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a H.W. Schumann, Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ee9c-Vi\u1ec7t):<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. (La\u1e45k\u0101v 2, p.61)<\/dd>\n
      \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (zh. \u4e0d\u4e8c, sa.\u00a0advaya<\/i>) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, tr\u1eafng \u0111en xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau.<\/dd>\n
      Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, (tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p) c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, (tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p) c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7: (N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t) Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. (La\u1e45k\u0101v 2, p.76)<\/dd>\n
      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00f4 minh). Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s.\u00a0kalpan\u0101<\/i>) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9) l\u00e0 c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n bao gi\u1edd. (La\u1e45k\u0101v 2,146, p.88)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

      Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h4>\n

      Trong\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/a>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u00e2m<\/a>, l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt<\/a>. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 khi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3<\/a>. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t tri ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

      Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o\u00a0[s\u1eeda<\/a>]<\/h2>\n

      Theo\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/a>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Theo S.K. Belvalkar th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed thi\u00a0Mah\u0101bh\u0101rata<\/a><\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh (sa.\u00a0\u015b\u0101nti<\/i>) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n (sa.\u00a0susukkti<\/i>). Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Anug\u012bt\u0101<\/i>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 “m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t”.\u00a0Ch\u00ed T\u00f4n ca<\/a><\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00ec b\u00e0i n\u00e0y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/a>\u00a0(sa.\u00a0brahman<\/i>, 2,71).\u00a0Du-gi\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/a>\u00a0(sa.yogin<\/i>) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft (nh\u01b0 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o), m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n gi\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lay chuy\u1ec3n (6,19). Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/a>\u00a0(sa.mok\u1e63a<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0110\u1ecdc Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta) ___________________________________ Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Maha-Parinibbana-sutta), g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":48,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3646","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3646"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3653,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3646\/revisions\/3653"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}