{"id":3092,"date":"2013-01-16T14:19:50","date_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3092"},"modified":"2013-01-16T14:19:50","modified_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:19:50","slug":"nhung-gia-tri-pho-quat-cua-bo-tat-hanh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3092","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/h1>\n
\u00a0\u00a004\/10\/2012 18:14:00Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9<\/a><\/div>\n
\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 702C\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:\u00a0\"Decrease<\/a>\u00a0\"Enlarge<\/a><\/div>\n
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B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Duy Ma C\u1eadt. Tranh Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/div>\n
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Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hay th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m s\u00e2u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. L\u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG V\u00c0 HI\u1ec6N TH\u1ef0C<\/h3>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra quy lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i t\u01b0 duy tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tri\u1ebft gia, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb n\u00e9m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf g\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, trong \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hai, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. C\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00dd ni\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u1ec3, hay Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t phi l\u00fd k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5y k\u00e9o theo n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t \u00e1c-xoa[1] lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00ednh ch\u00f9m nhau. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m tam gi\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111o\u1ea1n, g\u00f3c. M\u1ed7i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u1ea5y b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o tri\u1ebft gia c\u00f2n chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m trong t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng khi tri\u1ebft gia nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c th\u00ec tan r\u00e3, s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Song, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, tri\u1ebft gia c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ea3, c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u0103ng hoa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb1ng sau hay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tha th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. V\u1eady, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3, hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ec3, \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng hai: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi: sau s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, khi m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi minh nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh trong d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e1t m\u1ebb vi di\u1ec7u, khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d C\u0169ng v\u1eady, sau s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u00e0o ngay trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 V\u0103n-th\u00f9, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t. Khi m\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt im l\u1eb7ng, V\u0103n-th\u00f9 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1eeda ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, li\u1ec1n ngay khi \u1ea5y X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u201cS\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n, m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb v\u1eeba th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb.[2]<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a vi di\u1ec7u trong s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a V\u0103n-th\u00f9 m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m.[3] Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt thanh t\u1ecbnh, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec u\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean n\u1eef n\u00f3i: \u201cTham d\u1ee5c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, v\u00e0 ngu si, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd. V\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd \u1ea5y ngay trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t k\u00e9o t\u01b0 duy thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c \u0103n.\u201d[4] V\u1eady, khi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00fang sinh. B\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi an b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 h\u1eb5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda c\u00e1c sinh lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n c\u00e1c t\u1ea1i h\u1ecda hay th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c cho ch\u00fang sinh, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i th\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed trong ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang sinh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m. M\u1eaft c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc; tai c\u1ea7n nghe ti\u1ebfng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, c\u0103n s\u1ebd tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a.[5] Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd, c\u0103n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nghe \u00e2m thanh ch\u00e1t ch\u00faa, tai c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ebfc. C\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Cho n\u00ean, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t, ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hoa, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a x\u00fac th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00ean th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 ba, \u00fd t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, hay t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm thuy\u1ec1n, ch\u01a1i v\u01a1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao la, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb1ng xa \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c, bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 cho ch\u00ecm l\u0129m, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh trong c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.[6] B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh, l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e0i th\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed. V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sau, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ed. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, m\u00e0 s\u00f4ng, n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i; \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ecfi, gai, th\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t. V\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sau, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i an b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, khi \u1ea5y ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. Song, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kinh\u00a0Kim cang B\u00e1t nh\u00e3\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft sau khi Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0103n xong nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kim cang, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Duy-ma-c\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t: \u201cPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd h\u00e0nh. H\u00e1 c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0103n v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p sao?\u201d T\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 ba gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n mang t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Thanh v\u0103n b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.[7] C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb A-na-h\u00e0m tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa, n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5: \u201cC\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00fap \u00edch ch\u00fang sinh, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c, hai l\u00e0 x\u00fac th\u1ef1c, ba l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tham, c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, th\u00ec \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u01b0u bi, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ef7, th\u00ec \u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u bi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u.\u201d[8]<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y\u201d s\u1ebd \u0103n c\u00e0i g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n. \u201cC\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y\u201d l\u00e0 n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u1ecb v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh, m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111ang \u1edf h\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Trong h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba.[9] Trong h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Ho\u1eb7c do nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c do bi nguy\u1ec7n. C\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c, hay b\u1eb1ng bi nguy\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 \u1edf h\u00e0ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba hay Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n quy\u1ebft nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh n\u1eefa, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n; th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, hoa vi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi ch\u00fang sinh trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y. H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9 c\u0103n hay kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c.[10]<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 vi di\u1ec7u, lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m \u0103n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-da-ly \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang ng\u1ef1, m\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u01a1m ph\u1ee9c. Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00f3i cho A-nan bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y: v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu, c\u01a1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi ti\u00eau h\u1ebft. H\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Thanh qu\u1ea3, r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m phu, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u01a1m m\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y th\u00ec khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi n\u1eefa s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u01a1m \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00e2m v\u1eadn,[11] ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c \u0111a \u00e2m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi hay danh. \u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n t\u1eadp kh\u00ed, t\u1ee9c\u00a0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng danh ng\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, trong kho ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t danh ng\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ebf th\u1ea5y, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe ai n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh s\u01b0 t\u1eed, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 m\u00f4t\u1ea3 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u00ean t\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o; b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e1p n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i. \u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh ng\u00f4n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n nghe, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi danh ng\u00f4n t\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Lu\u1eadn\u00a0C\u00e2u-x\u00e1[12]<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u00e1p u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c M\u00e2u-ni n\u00f3i, t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 ngh\u00ecn. T\u00f9y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1eef t\u1ee9c thanh, m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n; ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh, m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh. Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, c\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean t\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Cho n\u00ean, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy-ma-c\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00ec A-nan t\u00e1n th\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi A-nan: C\u00f3 c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh \u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 c\u00f5i l\u1ea5y y ph\u1ee5c, ng\u1ecda c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1. C\u00f3 c\u00f5i l\u1ea5y hoa vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ma, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Sau khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m vi di\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 im l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt m\u00e0 qua v\u0103n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khinh b\u1ea1c: \u201cNh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang n\u00e0y h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n sao?\u201d[13] V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V\u0103n th\u00f9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng: \u201cPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ch\u1edb khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc.\u201d Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 giao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp, trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch. B\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Khuy C\u01a1 n\u00eau l\u00ean b\u1ed1n l\u00fd do: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3i ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng; cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch \u0111i l\u1ea5y c\u01a1m v\u1ec1 cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3i. V\u0103n-th\u00f9 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang im l\u1eb7ng.[14] Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u00ean tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Sau h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng du h\u00fd tam-mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao, hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, xem c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf hay ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, hay ch\u00e2n l\u00fd quy \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

II. NH\u1eeeNG GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca PH\u1ed4 QU\u00c1T<\/h3>\n

Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y tr\u00ean hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hay th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m s\u00e2u.[15] Cho n\u00ean, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 quy \u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ef9 m\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi m\u1eaft, tai th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5, nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec con r\u00f9a k\u1ec3 sau chuy\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1ea5y c\u00f2n kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ta. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 n\u00e2ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao h\u01a1n, ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Trung hoa khi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao g\u1ea7n nhau b\u00ean kia b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e2n; \u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7m, khi nghe m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Thi\u00ean v\u0103n Hy l\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn ch\u00f2m sao \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n Th\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bao dung qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi l\u0169y tre l\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu du b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau; \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 v\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng qua v\u00f4 v\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh\u00a0Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em>,[16] B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Kim Cang T\u1ea1ng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng oai th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, thuy\u1ebft minh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 lai ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t Nh\u01b0 lai. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 lai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh, ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1eb7c thai sinh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p sinh, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: h\u1ecd\u0103c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 to l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n, ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng, tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbn hay b\u00e9, th\u1eb3ng hay nghi\u00eang, hay l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao dung, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i kia, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng; bi\u1ebft v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, khi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng du h\u00fd, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u00e2n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3; n\u1ebfu khi nh\u00ecn ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 tin, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kia, khi h\u00f3a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt t\u00ed hon, b\u00e9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi sinh v\u1eadt so v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? Tuy b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u1ea5y l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ecd: H\u00e3y thu l\u1ea1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e3y thu nh\u1ecf th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ch\u1edb sinh t\u00e2m khinh m\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a li\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 tin t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. V\u1eady, h\u00e3y g\u00e1c qua kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ecdat c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, l\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa l\u1ea1, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafc d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u01a1n, v\u00ec m\u00e0u da kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ebbo, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao l\u1edbn; t\u01b0 duy c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed t\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng hung b\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd hay thu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra? Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc, do b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf g\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh trong v\u00f4 v\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sai bi\u1ec7t? Cho n\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch sau khi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0, Ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.\u201d H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1eady, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. B\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf g\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1eady. B\u00ean n\u00e0y, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng \u0103n c\u01a1m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00fd h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n; v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau.\u201d \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ed nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u1edbc hu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9 c\u01a1m n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026 T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f2n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u1eadn gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0. Cho n\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00f3, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft minh: \u201cNh\u01b0 lai \u1edf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp lu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp tam-mu\u1ed9i Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1ng. Ai ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam-mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. So v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft minh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang sinh trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y cang c\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00fac sinh\u2026\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n\u2026cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Do c\u00e1ch \u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n; do bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n k\u00e9m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, hay cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, v\u00ec nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 xinh x\u1eafn d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hay v\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, hay nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, qua nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Cho n\u00ean, nghe xong, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng ca ng\u1ee3i: \u201cTh\u1eadt ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n Th\u00edch-ca N\u00e2u-ni Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n \u0111i v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u01b0a th\u00edch. C\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi m\u00e0 sinh n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00f5i Ta-b\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u201cngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, l\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi A-nan: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, uy quang, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00f3a h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3; khi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt sinh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng; khi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. Kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eadn B\u1ea5t t\u1eadn.\u201d[17] T\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eadn? C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng suy hao, t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn. Ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kia, do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ho\u1eb7c T\u1ef3-kheo kia tu t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, hu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa.[18] N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 vi, T\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, ly d\u1ee5c. Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.[19] Ngh\u0129a quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, Khi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0103n-th\u00f9 h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00ean nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d; \u0111\u00e1p: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt nh\u00ecn v\u1eadt \u1ea3o hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra.[20] Thanh v\u0103n hay B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tu\u1ed3ng huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u00f5i c\u00e2y, b\u00f3c d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00f5i c\u00e2y ch\u1eafc th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n sinh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tai h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh; ai hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1eed th\u1ea7n.[21] Tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh: \u201cTh\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1c n\u1eafm. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng b\u1ed1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, ru\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng l\u00f5i ch\u1eafc. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o…\u201d[22]<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0, l\u1ecdai th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu n\u00f3 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb l\u1eef h\u00e0nh qua hoang m\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ee9a con duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n y\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Sau khi \u0103n th\u1ecbt con, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba k\u00eau kh\u00f3c: \u201cCon t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u? Con t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d[23]<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ecdai th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n Duy-ma-c\u1eadt mang v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1edfm nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y, tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n b\u1edfi k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu, v\u1eabn l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u00e0m t\u1edfm. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1eady th\u00ec, trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0103n c\u01a1m t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00fd h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u00fd b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c. V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi, kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa v\u00f4 vi. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec7t t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi? Kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng; gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang sinh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 cao l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n to\u00e1t ra m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng vi di\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang sinh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0 n\u00e0y th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh b\u00e9 x\u00edu, l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ra m\u00f9i h\u00f4i h\u00e1m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kia hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng san b\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i v\u00f4 vi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng xa x\u00f4i kia, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng kia, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1edbi Ta-b\u00e0 \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t T\u1eadn-V\u00f4 t\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kia v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong c\u00f5i T\u00e0-b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn h\u1eefu vi, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9 tranh ch\u1ea5p. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 vi, n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

III. NH\u00c2N C\u00c1CH SI\u00caU VI\u1ec6T<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eadn-V\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, bao dung, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sinh lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 u\u1ebf, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh\u2026 C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n suy l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi th\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 im l\u00ecm b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, c\u1eb7p m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng. T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y y tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 danh, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d[24]<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng. T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 danh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7, th\u00ec t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qua t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o; th\u00ec Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai. Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 Nh\u01b0 lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, Nh\u01b0 lai, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.[25]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh, sau khi c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca h\u1ecfi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt: \u201cKhi \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai, \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d[26] Duy-ma-c\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKhi con mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai, khi \u1ea5y con th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Con th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng sinh t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1eadu t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\u201d[27]<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc; t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd l\u00e0 phi th\u1ecd. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. T\u00f9y nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0 lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t. Th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quy \u01b0\u1edbc, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt: \u201c\u00d4ng th\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y?\u201d Duy-ma-c\u1eadt h\u1ecfi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i: \u201cPh\u00e1p m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh ch\u0103ng?\u201d[28]<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt: \u201cC\u01b0 s\u1ef9 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y?\u201d Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u00e1t n\u00ean h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng Duy-ma-c\u1eadt. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a La-th\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung hoa d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n, th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt sinh di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 A-nan \u0111i xin s\u1eefa b\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy-ma-c\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n.[29] C\u0169ng theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Duy-ma-c\u1eadt ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 sinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh. Sinh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.\u201d[30] \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian. Cho n\u00ean, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf g\u1edbi kia.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ba th\u00e2n trong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt: \u201cTh\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.\u201d B\u1edfi v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh; ai h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n; v\u00ec th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Trong kinh\u00a0Kim cang<\/em>, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.[31] Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng. Th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 con ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i; n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u0103ng; t\u1ecf hay m\u1edd t\u00f9y theo n\u01b0\u1edbc trong hay \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7ng hay n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng. Cung v\u1eady, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ed1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a t\u00f9y theo l\u1ecdai, t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean, tuy Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi thay: Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7; \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.[32] \u0110\u1ec3 minh gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hay \u1edf kia, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt, trong t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y; n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t; th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, v.v. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111i. N\u1ebfu Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Khi \u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf g\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7 to l\u1edbn, huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 kia, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong l\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u1eef Am-ba-b\u00e0-l\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ai trong c\u00f5i Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kinh s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch, t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi quy lu\u1eadt sinh di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c Thanh v\u0103n, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee3t kinh s\u1ee3, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 vi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu quy lu\u1eadt sinh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Duy-ma-c\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn, t\u1eeb trong t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady r\u1ed3i, v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c th\u00fa kia, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y?\u00a0 M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Duy-ma-c\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n

T.S.<\/p>\n

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[1] \u00c1c-xoa t\u1ee5 \u60e1\u53c9\u805a. Skt,\u00a0ak\u1e63a\/ rudr\u0101k\u1e63a<\/em>: h\u1ea1t kim cang.\u00a0Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn thu\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/em>\u00a0(T43n1830, tr. 304b22): \u00e1c-xoa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c \u7121\u98df\u5b50, khi r\u1ee5ng th\u00ec gom th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

[2] Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi La-th\u1eadp: \u201cS\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ma-ha-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, Thanh v\u0103n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n:\u00a0k\u0101la\u1e25 paryant\u012bbh\u016bta\u1e25\/ ime ca mah\u0101sattv\u0101 nittihanti kutraite paribhok\u1e63yante<\/em>, th\u1eddi gian s\u1eafp h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ma-h\u00e1-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0Duy-ma kinh ch\u00fa 8<\/em>\u00a0(tr. 399c): La-th\u1eadp n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u00ec ba l\u00fd do. M\u1ed9t, th\u1ec3 do nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Hai, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u. Ba, suy t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady.\u201d<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0T\u1eadp d\u1ecb<\/em>\u00a08, tr. 400b02. Sa\u1e45g\u012bti, D.iii. 211, 228:\u00a0sabbe satt\u0101 \u0101h\u0101ra\u1e6d\u1e6dhitik\u0101<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/em>, 129,\u00a0 T27n1545, tr. 674a1: th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n, t\u0103ng \u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0T\u1ea1p a-h\u00e0m\u00a0<\/em>15, kinh 272: Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o Ph\u1ea3-c\u1ea7u-na (Pali Phagguna): \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ta n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: \u2018Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c?\u2019 Ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p: \u2018Th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m h\u1eefu trong v\u1ecb lai khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sanh; do c\u00f3 h\u1eefu n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9; do s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 x\u00fac.\u2019\u201d Pali, S. ii tr.13 Phagguna:\u00a0vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47\u0101h\u0101ro \u0101yati\u1e43 punabbhav\u0101bhinibbattiy\u0101\u00a0\u00a0 paccayo, tasmi\u1e43 bh\u016bte sati sa\u1e37\u0101yatana\u1e43, sa\u1e37\u0101yatanapaccay\u0101 phasso\u2019 ti<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/em>, 130, T27n1545, tr. 676a20: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 4 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c. S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00fac th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.\u00a0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0 ba b\u1eadc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh; phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

[8] T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 15, kinh 375; xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c kinh 372-379. Cf. Pal: S. ii. tr. 103 (Atthirr\u0101ga).<\/em>\u00a0 D\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/em>\u00a0130, T27n1545, tr. 677a17.<\/p>\n

[9]\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 449<\/em>, T07n220, tr. 264b23: \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh ly sinh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t (=ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi. Do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn v\u00f4 sinh.\u201d<\/p>\n

[10]\u00a0T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/em>\u00a0129, T27n1545, tr. 674b22: th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c g\u1ed3m ba x\u1ee9 (\u0101yatan\u0101ni<\/em>): h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

[11] M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t danh (n\u0101ma<\/em>). C\u00e1c danh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00fa (pada<\/em>). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 li\u1ec7t danh v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Kinh b\u1ed9 li\u1ec7t trong s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a danh l\u00e0 thanh (\u015babda<\/em>). Cf.\u00a0C\u1ea5u x\u00e1<\/em>\u00a05 , T29n1558, tr. 29a23.<\/p>\n

[12]\u00a0C\u00e2u-x\u00e1\u00a0<\/em>1, T29n1558, tr. 6a29.<\/p>\n

[13] B\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi La-th\u1eadp. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

[14] Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i, C\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

[15] Trung lu\u1eadn, k. xxiv.8-9.<\/p>\n

[16]\u00a0Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em>, b\u1ea3n 60, quy\u1ec3n 23, tr. 545b09; b\u1ea3n 80, quy\u1ec3n 34, tr. 181c10. Cf. Da\u015babh\u016bmika, tr. R. 15.<\/p>\n

[17] Skt. k\u1e63ay\u0101k\u1e63ayo n\u0101ma bodhisattv\u0101n\u0101m vimok\u1e63a\u1e25.<\/p>\n

[18] \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00fa Pali, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n: idha,\u00a0 bhikkhave,\u00a0 bhikkhu\u00a0 \u0101sav\u0101na\u1e43\u00a0 khay\u0101 an\u0101sava\u1e43 cetovimutti\u1e43 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101vimutti\u1e43 di\u1e6d\u1e6dheva dhamme saya\u1e43 abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 sacchikatv\u0101 upasampajja viharati.<\/p>\n

[19] Cf. A. ii. 34: y\u0101vat\u0101,\u00a0 bhikkhave,\u00a0 dhamm\u0101\u00a0 sa\u1e45khat\u0101 v\u0101 asa\u1e45khat\u0101 v\u0101, vir\u0101go tesa\u1e43 aggamakkh\u0101yati, yadida\u1e43 \u2026 ta\u1e47h\u0101kkhayo vir\u0101go nirodho nibb\u0101na\u1e43.<\/p>\n

[20] Ph\u1ea9m vii \u201cQu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sinh.\u201d<\/p>\n

[21] Dhp. 46.<\/p>\n

[22] Ph\u1ea9m ii \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.\u201d<\/p>\n

[23]\u00a0T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 15<\/em>, kinh 373, tr. 102b18. P\u0101li, Puttama\u1e43sa, S.ii.98.<\/p>\n

[24] MK. xxiv. 18:\u00a0ya\u1e25 prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da\u1e25 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101\u1e43 t\u0101\u1e43 pracak\u1e63mahe\/ s\u0101 prajnaptir up\u0101d\u0101ya pratipat saiva madhyam\u0101<\/em>. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00faa La-th\u1eadp: \u773e\u56e0\u7de3\u751f\u6cd5\u6211 \u8aaa \u5373 \u662f \u7121 \u4ea6 \u70ba \u662f \u5047 \u540d\u00a0\u4ea6 \u662f\u4e2d\u9053\u7fa9. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: ph\u00e1p sinh b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o; m\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb\u00a0s\u0101<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0trong n\u1eefa t\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb\u00a0prat\u012btya-samutp\u0101da\u1e25<\/em>\u00a0(duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 (s\u0101<\/em><\/strong>) thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb\u00a0\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101m<\/em>\u00a0(t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng) trong n\u1eefa t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean), v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i. Xem gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Candrak\u012brti,\u00a0Prasannapada<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[25] Candrak\u012brti, Prasannapad\u0101, tr. 265:\u00a0\u00a0tath\u0101bh\u0101vo\u2019vik\u0101ritva\u1e43 sadaiva sth\u0101yit\u0101<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[26] VKN: yad\u0101 tva\u1e43 kulaputra tath\u0101gatasya dar\u015banak\u0101mo bhavasi katha\u1e43 tva\u1e43 tath\u0101gata\u1e43 pa\u015byasi?<\/p>\n

[27] VKN: yad\u0101ha\u1e43 bhagava\u1e43s tath\u0101gatasya dar\u015banak\u0101mo bhav\u0101mi tad\u0101 tath\u0101gatam apa\u015byanay\u0101 pa\u015by\u0101mi p\u016brv\u0101ntato \u2018j\u0101tam aparantato sa\u1e43kr\u0101nta\u1e43 pratyutpanne dhvany asamhita\u1e43 pa\u015by\u0101mi.<\/p>\n

[28] VKN: sthavire\u1e47a dharma\u1e25 s\u0101k\u1e63\u0101tk\u1e5bta\u1e25 kaccit tasya dharmasya cyut\u1ec9 upapattir v\u0101?<\/p>\n

[29] Xem ph\u1ea9m iii \u201cCh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed.\u201d<\/p>\n

[30] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1n, VKN:\u00a0cyutir iti\u2026 abhisa\u1e43sk\u0101ralak\u1e63a\u1e47apadam etat upapattir ity abhisa\u1e43sk\u0101raprabhanda \u2026<\/em>, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh; s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

[31] Vajracchedik\u0101: ye m\u0101\u1e43 r\u016bpe\u1e47a c\u0101dr\u0101k\u1e63urye m\u0101\u1e43 gho\u1e63e\u1e47a c\u0101nvayu\u1e25 |mithy\u0101prah\u0101\u1e47apras\u1e5bt\u0101 na m\u0101\u1e43 drak\u1e63yanti te jan\u0101\u1e25 ||1|| dharmato buddh\u0101 dra\u1e63\u1e6davy\u0101 dharmak\u0101y\u0101 hi n\u0101yak\u0101\u1e25 |dharmat\u0101 ca na vij\u00f1ey\u0101 na s\u0101 \u015baky\u0101 vij\u0101nitum ||2|| B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai trong Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a La-th\u1eadp. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang: \u61c9 \u89c0 \u4f5b \u6cd5 \u6027 \u5373 \u5c0e \u5e2b \u6cd5 \u8eab \u6cd5 \u6027\u975e\u6240\u8b58 \u6545\u5f7c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86.<\/p>\n

[32] Khuy C\u01a1, tr. 1107a: \u201cPh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u A-s\u00fac, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng. T\u00e1m gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5u, b\u1ed1n Ma kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng an tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, \u00d4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u00a0\u00a004\/10\/2012 18:14:00Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 702C\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Duy Ma C\u1eadt. Tranh Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":41,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3092","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3092"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3094,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3092\/revisions\/3094"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}