{"id":3086,"date":"2013-01-16T14:12:19","date_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3086"},"modified":"2013-01-16T14:12:19","modified_gmt":"2013-01-16T14:12:19","slug":"buc-thu-cua-bo-tat-long-tho","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3086","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd G\u1edfi Cho Vua Gautamiputra<\/strong><\/a>
\n\"\"<\/a>NAGARJUNA\u2019S LETTER TO KING GAUTAMIPUTRA<\/strong>
\nMOTILAL BANARSIDASS DELHI, 1978\u00a0 – THI\u1ec6N TRI TH\u1ee8C, 2002<\/p>\n

PH\u00c1C H\u1eccA T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T\u00a0<\/strong>
\nB\u1ee8C TH\u01af C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T LONG TH\u1ecc\u00a0<\/strong>
\nG\u1edeI CHO VUA GAUTAMIPUTRA<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. Khuy\u1ebfn Kh\u00edch Nghe Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p
\nII. L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

A. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH CHUNG V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ea0NH<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/p>\n

a. S\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb
\nb. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi
\nc. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (ba la m\u1eadt) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/p>\n

2. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/p>\n

a. K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh
\nb. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t
\nc. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m
\nd. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m
\ne. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c
\nf. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh trong th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e2m
\ng. Bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh
\nh. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c
\n(1) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan
\n(a) Tri gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh
\n(b) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m
\n(c) X\u00e9t xem nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham luy\u1ebfn
\n(2) Nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn
\n(a) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn
\n(b) Ca ng\u1ee3i tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c
\n(c) Th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian\u201d
\n(d) C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh
\n(e) B\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh
\n(f) S\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh
\ni. Bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/p>\n

3. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i thi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

a. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p
\n(1) C\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng
\n(2) C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7
\n(3) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
\n(4) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung
\n(5) T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9
\n(6) Tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u0103m che ch\u01b0\u1edbng
\nb. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t
\n(1) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c
\n(2) T\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c
\n(3) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn
\n(a) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft
\n(b) Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft
\n(1) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m
\n(2) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd
\n(3) C\u1edfi b\u1ecf ba tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t
\n(4) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba m\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t
\n(5) Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3
\nc. R\u00fat t\u1ec9a l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh
\n(1) T\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh
\n(2) R\u00fat t\u1ec9a l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n may m\u1eafn nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm hoi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o
\n(3) L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho nh\u00e0 vua n\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

B. PH\u00c1T SANH S\u1ef0 GH\u00ca S\u1ee2 SANH T\u1eec<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn
\n2. Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n

a. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong sanh t\u1eed
\nb. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n
\nc-d. M\u1ea5t th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i
\ne. Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed
\nf. Quan s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh
\ng. Quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong n\u0103m c\u00f5i
\n(1) Quan s\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c
\n(2) Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i th\u00fa
\n(3) Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i
\n(4) Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean
\n(5) Quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e1n-thi\u00ean
\n(a tu la)<\/p>\n

3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng sanh t\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

C. QUAN S\u00c1T NH\u1eeeNG PH\u1ea8M T\u00cdNH TUY\u1ec6T H\u1ea2O C\u1ee6A NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N V\u00c0 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ebeN NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/p>\n

a. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
\nb. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
\n(1) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y chi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9
\n(2) Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh (Ch\u1ec9) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu (Qu\u00e1n)
\n(3) T\u1eeb b\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
\n(4) Hi\u1ec3u Duy\u00ean Sanh, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed
\n(5) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e1m Ng\u00e0nh Cao C\u1ea3
\n(6) Quan s\u00e1t B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd Cao C\u1ea3
\n(7) Ch\u1edb ch\u1ea7n ch\u1edd trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
\n(8) L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/p>\n

2. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/p>\n

a. \u0110i v\u00e0o Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1edd t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p
\nb. \u0110\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

\n\u00a0ACARYA NAGARJUNA<\/em><\/p>\n

\nB\u1ee8C TH\u01af C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T LONG TH\u1ecc\u00a0<\/strong>
\nG\u1edeI CHO VUA GAUTAMIPUTRA<\/strong>
\nV\u1edbi Ghi Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. Khuy\u1ebfn Kh\u00edch Nghe Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng cho ng\u00e0i nghe m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi sanh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7. 1<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Vua Gautamiputra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac d\u1ee5c \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

Do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vua trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nghe Ph\u00e1p. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vua, b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t vua v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1edd gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1eadp b\u1edfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c hay thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 atman (ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. Hai t\u00edch t\u1eadp n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch t\u1eadp b\u1edfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Matr\u00efcet\u00efa c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Satapancasatka c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n th\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. 2<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, v\u00ec ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1, g\u1ed7 hay \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi tr\u0103ng khuya ? 3<\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 vua. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i s\u01a1n tr\u1eafng c\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u0103ng, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

II. L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH CHUNG V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ea0NH<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. S\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb trong t\u00e2m s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u : Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ; kho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i trong s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o d\u1ea1y. 4<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n quy y Tam b\u1ea3o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1edb s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 : Jina (\u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1), Bhagavan (Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n), Tathagata (Nh\u01b0 Lai), Arhat (A La H\u00e1n), Sugata (Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7), Samyaksam-buddha (Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri) v\u00e0 Atulya (V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129). Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Jina, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bhagavan, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ma. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tathagata, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e1nh nh\u01b0\u201d (tathata). Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Arhat, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Sugata, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh t\u1eed ; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 sanh t\u1eed ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong sanh t\u1eed ; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y sanh t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Samyaksambuddha, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Atulya, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o xe, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe d\u1ea1y con ng\u1ef1a ch\u01b0a thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y cho th\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ti\u1ebfp theo, Ng\u00e0i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sai, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb theo Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d. C\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u201cph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ra. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tham thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. C\u00e1i sau, \u201cph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o nh\u1eadn\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u201ckh\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn\u201d.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 t\u1ecbnh quang v\u1ed1n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf. Xa l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 : d\u1ea1y (nh\u1eefng S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Sanh c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u (nh\u1eefng S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 D\u1ee9t Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng). S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 D\u1ee9t Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t : c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ; kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m an \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ; c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u1edbn lao cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, quan ni\u1ec7m, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u2026 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau. B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cho. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i nhi\u1ec5u quanh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1y v\u1edbi hai tay ch\u1eafp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed sanh kh\u1edfi trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau : cho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham ti\u1ebfc, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 cho.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi minh m\u1eabn xem n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ca ng\u1ee3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, do gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (kama-dhatu) v\u00e0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (rupa-dhatu) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vui th\u00fa v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. Do gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta so s\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

b. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n) qua th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ; tr\u00e1nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. 5<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y : ba c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u2013 gi\u1ebft, tr\u1ed9m, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m ; b\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef \u2013 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, vu kh\u1ed1ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i man tr\u00e1, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ; ba c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u2013 tham mu\u1ed1n, \u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sung t\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1ng trao t\u1eb7ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng, b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eb7ng ; th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con n\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o cho b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. 6<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; cho cha m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Abhidharmakos\u00f9a,<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) cho nh\u1eefng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1eadp th\u00e2n, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 cha, m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n sang tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 hao v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 \u2013 v\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh. 7<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0 Kinh Silasamyukta n\u00f3i,<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i do s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m) c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Th\u1ee9 ba, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac th\u1ebf gian hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n).<\/p>\n

c. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (ba la m\u1eadt) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, t\u1eadp trung, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa T\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng B\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh t\u1eed. 8<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong s\u00e1u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (ba la m\u1eadt). S\u00e1u c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m : s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 (t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7). Tinh t\u1ea5n n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 trong Sanh t\u1eed hay Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi hai t\u00edch t\u1eadp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Khi \u1edf trong sanh t\u1eed, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u00e1u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c. \u1ede l\u1ea1i trong sanh t\u1eed, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhogakaya) v\u00e0 H\u00f3a th\u00e2n (Nirmanakaya), v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u cho ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu (Dharma-kaya, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n) nh\u1edd t\u1eadp trung si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t (si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t : ba la m\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

2. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ; nh\u1edd t\u00f4n k\u00ednh h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n. 9<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ai k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, l\u1ea1c ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Kinh Samadhiraja,<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1edb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ki\u00eau c\u0103ng (\u0111\u1ec3 cho) ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

b. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi, th\u00edch th\u00fa gh\u1ebf gi\u01b0\u1eddng cao, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ca h\u00e1t, khi\u00eau v\u0169 v\u00e0 hoa. 10<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v.v\u2026 \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 sau.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t A la h\u00e1n, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ban cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c. 11<\/p>\n

c. X\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 : keo ki\u1ec7t, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, tham luy\u1ebfn t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, tham luy\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t, v\u00e0 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao. 12<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn m\u01b0\u1eddi ba l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 keo ki\u1ec7t ;
\n(ii) che d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ;
\n(iii) b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i ;
\n(iv) tham th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ;
\n(v) l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh) ;
\n(vi) ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3) ;
\n(vii) tham d\u00e2m ;
\n(viii) gi\u1eadn gh\u00e9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ;
\n(ix) ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng ;
\n(x) ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) ;
\n(xi) ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n ;
\n(xii) ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u00fac sung m\u00e3n\u201d c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ; v\u00e0
\n(xiii) ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

d. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebft (sanh t\u1eed) ; b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, h\u00e3y t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u2013 nh\u01b0 Nanda, Angulimala, Ajatasatru v\u00e0 Udayana \u2013 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.
\n13-14<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nanda c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tham d\u1ee5c, Angulimala c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadn th\u00f9, Ajatasatru \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft cha, v\u00e0 Udayana \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00fai d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng hay \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 Nanda, Angulimala, Ajatasatru v\u00e0 Udayana, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

e. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o h\u01a1n nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp sanh kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf \u0111i gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.
\n15<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, l\u1eb7n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0103n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i nh\u01b0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y\u2026, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i. C\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh cao h\u01a1n trong sanh t\u1eed. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u2013 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, v.v\u2026 \u2013 x\u1ea3y ra cho m\u00ecnh. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf c\u00e2u sau.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ecb h\u1ecd tr\u00f3i, b\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eadt t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d ; ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sanh ra nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. 16<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Santideva n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t gi\u1eadn d\u1eef s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

f. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh trong th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 ; c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ba c\u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o. 17<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129 nh\u1edb v.v\u2026 Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i, hay c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eadt l\u00e2u. Ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay khi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m cho quen v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt, hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea9n. H\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1i ch\u00f3t trong ba c\u00e1i. 18<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ong. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb : \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c ; b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c ; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c ; h\u00e3y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. 19<\/p>\n

(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c : \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edf trong con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c : \u0110\u00e3 sanh ra trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1i sanh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c : \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i may m\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c : Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, sinh trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u00e9m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

g. Bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i : ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00edn, ch\u00edn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn, ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn, v\u00e0 ch\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00edn. 20<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i :<\/p>\n

(i) nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

(ii) nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

(iii) nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

(iv) nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

h. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a) Tri gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1edb nh\u00ecn ng\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ; tuy nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 theo tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd : nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, em m\u00ecnh, hay ch\u1ecb m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu tham d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. 21<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i canh ch\u1eebng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u00ecn ng\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u00e2y ra ham mu\u1ed1n trong m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, em m\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ecb m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 x\u1ea5u xa theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1ng th\u1ecbt, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee1\u2026 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n xem th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, gi\u00e0 nua, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a tham mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

(b) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 (ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7) s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng, hay m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ; h\u00e3y r\u00fat t\u00e2m ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 (ng\u00e0i r\u00fat lui) kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 hay l\u1eeda. 22<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 xem t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a con trai th\u00e2n y\u00eau, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng d\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i Kimbu, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng x\u00edch s\u1eaft n\u00e0y c\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i trong ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed, h\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00fang. 23<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vui kho\u00e1i hay c\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb vui kho\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u201cTr\u00e1i Kimbu gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vui kho\u00e1i th\u1ebf gian. Da c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i Kimbu th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 xem c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngon l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tai h\u1ecda. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 vui kho\u00e1i th\u1ebf gian\u201d. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1m n\u00edu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vui kho\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng x\u00edch s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra kh\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0 Santideva n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

Tham mu\u1ed1n s\u1ebd sanh ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi : trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, tr\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u1eaft, v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. 24<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, y l\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan.<\/p>\n

(c) X\u00e9t xem nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham luy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c (v\u00e0 \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n) th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng da, kh\u00f3 th\u00edch th\u00fa, b\u1ed1c m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb ch\u00edn c\u1eeda. 25<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c cho tham mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem theo c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ea5y \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean trong. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecbt, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee1\u2026 M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00ed r\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m n\u00edu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui. 26<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng vui kho\u00e1i th\u1ebf gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam kh\u00e1t. Theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong \u2019khor-lo-sgyur-ba\u2019i-gtam-zhes-pa\u2019i-mdo,<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tham mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa th\u1ebf gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t tham mu\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng vui kho\u00e1i th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1nh tay m\u00ecnh trong l\u1eeda (cho \u0111\u1ee1 c\u01a1n ng\u1ee9a).<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong vi\u1ec7c tri gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. 27<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i). N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (Sunyata), b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec, Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Mula-madhyamaka-karika,<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (sanh kh\u1edfi) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y (sanh kh\u1edfi) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t b\u1edfi t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong sanh t\u1eed r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Sanh, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh). Tinh t\u00fay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean sanh\u201d. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 : (i) S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t) ; (ii) S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau) ; (iii) S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t) ; v\u00e0 (iv) S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng sanh t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, sanh kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n).\n<\/p>\n

Theo Trung \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ch\u00fang. Th\u1eadt ra, Trung \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu cho ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qua l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, l\u00fd t\u00ednh, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v.v\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu l\u00e0 g\u00ec. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n

(b) Ca ng\u1ee3i tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p cao, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ; tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh kia, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng. 28<\/p>\n

Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen Pal Zangpo n\u00f3i trong legs. bshad. rin. po. chei\u2019i. gter,<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p cao, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n minh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao c\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh danh gi\u00e1 hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, danh ti\u1ebfng v.v\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1nh tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Jataka,<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi\u2026 d\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i cao, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi. D\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i th\u1ea5p v.v\u2026 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi\u2026 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Acarya Nagarjuna ca ng\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(c) Th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ea5t, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, l\u1eddi th\u00f4 n\u1eb7ng, khen, ch\u00ea \u2013 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u1edf trong t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nhau. 29<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian\u201d, b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ;
\n(ii) sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ;
\n(iii) l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o hay l\u00e0m vui th\u00edch (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m\u2026)
\n(iv) khen.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t vui th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u201ct\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian\u201d, b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ;
\n(ii) b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh hay \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn (kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ;
\n(iii) l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00f4 n\u1eb7ng hay kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, tai ti\u1ebfng, khinh mi\u1ec7t\u2026) ;
\n(iv) ch\u00ea bai hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 Santideva n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ng\u1ee3i khen, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i sau. T\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch th\u00fa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn \u201ct\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian\u201d l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1edb ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch, cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c chia x\u1ebb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. 30<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh hay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, cha m\u1eb9, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v.v\u2026 D\u00f9 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh sinh ra ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh mang l\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i mang s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Kinh,<\/p>\n

(K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a) nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00edn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u00e1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi, \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i sanh ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ecda, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra ngay ?\u201d Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201cC\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 khi th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. 31<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y l\u00fac qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng tri gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2u !
\n(d) C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, t\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft (b\u1ea3y th\u00e1nh t\u00e0i) ; h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd. 32<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y T\u00e0i S\u1ea3n Cao C\u1ea3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) tin v\u00e0o Tam B\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (quy \u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu ;
\n(ii) g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ;
\n(iii) b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, t\u1eb7ng cho ;
\n(iv) h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Ph\u00e1p ;
\n(v) tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 ;
\n(vi) tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh do lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00ean \u00e1n ;
\n(vii) kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00edch k\u1ef7, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. D\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi kho t\u00e0ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

(e) B\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1u c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 sanh trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea5u : hoang ph\u00ed, tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 \u0111i trong ban \u0111\u00eam. 33<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ea3y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cao c\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) phung ph\u00ed,
\n(ii) tham d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng, l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i,
\n(iii) l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng,
\n(iv) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho m\u00ecnh,
\n(v) u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u,
\n(vi) \u0111i lang thang trong \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t danh ti\u1ebfng\u2026 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i th\u1ea5p trong \u0111\u1eddi sau. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1u c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(f) S\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ; n\u1ebfu h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. 34<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3. Tham lam s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, lo \u00e2u s\u1ebd sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb tham mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 v.v\u2026 Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bodhi-caryavatara,<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u qua nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gom g\u00f3p, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ; tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi tham mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ee9c vua h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb cao nh\u1ea5t trong lo\u00e0i R\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 theo s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3, c\u0169ng v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ed5 \u0111au theo s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ; tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt tham mu\u1ed1n. 35<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng vua lo\u00e0i R\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 theo s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

i. Bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh ba lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y : ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111ao ph\u1ee7, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ed3ng ; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m, l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf. Lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u. 36-37<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0y. Ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

(ii) ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n cai qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

(iii) ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m.<\/p>\n

3. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i thi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) C\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, tham luy\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng hay s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. 38<\/p>\n

Ghi nh\u1edb trong t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c thang cho b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0103n v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng hay ki\u00eau c\u0103ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tham lam hay gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n \u0103n v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 Santideva n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y chia ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng tu ; h\u00e3y \u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cho \u0111i (m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9) tr\u1eeb ba c\u00e1i y.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa, th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch. 39<\/p>\n

Khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 sanh t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7 (v\u00e0o l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i) Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n ; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ee7 h\u00e3y in v\u00e0o tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1eady s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3 ; d\u00f9 (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i) t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, th\u00ec v\u1eabn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. 40<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) T\u1eeb : Mong mu\u1ed1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(ii) Bi : Mong mu\u1ed1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iii) H\u1ef7 : Mong mu\u1ed1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui v\u1ebb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iv) X\u1ea3 : Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t h\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1edd thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

Qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. D\u00f9 n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(4) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa, ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c nh\u1edd b\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 may m\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u2013 Brahma (Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean), Abhasvara (Quang \u00c2m thi\u00ean) Subhakrtsna (Bi\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean) v\u00e0 Brhatphala (Qu\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean) \u2013 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 41<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a suy x\u00e9t (t\u01b0) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (dhyana, thi\u1ec1n) sanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh (samadhi) c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u (t\u1ea7m), h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf suy x\u00e9t (t\u01b0). Qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a b\u00ean trong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u. R\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ee9 hai sanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c. Qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean (x\u1ea3), t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecf h\u1ef7. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ee9 ba sanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c. Qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn (x\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

(5) T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh nh\u1edd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u2013 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i, ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m \u2013 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh sanh kh\u1edfi (r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u) ; b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. 42<\/p>\n

N\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u00edt \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iii) Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 Tam B\u1ea3o v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00a0(v) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd t\u00edch t\u1eadp t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng ; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao. 43<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i \u00edt \u1ecfi trong m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. C\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, trong khi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y b\u1ecb m\u1edd \u0111i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

(6) Tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u0103m che ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c : l\u00e1o x\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, tham \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd. 44<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(i) B\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa th\u1ebf gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e1o x\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iii) C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ng\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tham \u0111\u1eafm nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(v) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng che ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i khi l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

b. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

(1) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. 45<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c (n\u0103m l\u1ef1c) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin l\u1edbn lao.
\n(ii) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i.
\n(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd.
\n(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.
\n(v) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau (t\u1ee9 gia h\u1ea1nh) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng (n\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ecba, TT. drod, Skt. us\u00efma),
\n(ii) \u0111\u1ec9nh (\u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecba, TT. rtse-mo, Skt. murdha),
\n(iii) nh\u1eabn (nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba, TT. bzod. pa, Skt. ks\u00efanti),
\n(iv) tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t (th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba, TT. chos. mchog, Skt. agradharma).<\/p>\n

(i) B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cs\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng\u201d, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1c quan. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi c\u1ecd x\u00e1t hai thanh c\u00e2y v\u1edbi nhau, s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eeda b\u1eadt ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

(ii) G\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y khi \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ec9nh\u201d. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ngang nhau.<\/p>\n

(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng n\u0103m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cnh\u1eabn\u201d. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y ti\u00eau ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd do \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cao c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ctuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t\u201d. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ecba Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (trong M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ecba).<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi\u1ec7p) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf do ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia ly v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n\u201d. T\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. 46<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia cho ai kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

(a) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y theo ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f5i cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00ec d\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng qua t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh kh\u1ee7ng. 47<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh cao h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edbi, hay mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u201cph\u00e1p tr\u1eafng\u201d (\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu\u201d. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadt Nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh kh\u1ee7ng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00edch t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(b) Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n

(1) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ; nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i do th\u1ea5y sai b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. 48<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u sau :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.
\n(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.
\n(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng th\u1ecbt, m\u00e1u, x\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u2026)
\nN\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 theo b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch sau, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef b\u1ed1n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m) :
\n(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.
\n(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n.
\n(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3.
\n(iv) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00ec s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 Santideva n\u00f3i trong Bodhicarya-vatara,<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1edb bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecf \u0111i, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(2) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i : \u201cS\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eafc, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u201d, theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u00e3y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. 49<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t Kinh, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, \u201cS\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018T\u00f4i\u2019, v.v\u2026\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(i) S\u1eafc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i ta, linh h\u1ed3n\u2026). N\u1ebfu s\u1eafc ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i T\u00f4i n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00e1i T\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

(ii) S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1edfi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. S\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eafc, v\u00ec s\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3 hay b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1eafc b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

(iii) T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong s\u1eafc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t hay kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(iv) S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng sanh ra t\u1eeb d\u1ecbp may, th\u1eddi gian, T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t. 50<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00eca ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Samkhya, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean (prakrti) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ea3n sanh ra m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qua v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n. V\u00f4 minh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0m cho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t l\u1edbn l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb sanh tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u1edfi b\u1ecf ba tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y hi\u1ec3u ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c (v\u00e0o sanh t\u1eed) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7n k\u00edn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t : ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd. 51<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 mong mu\u1ed1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u sau :
\n(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i.
\n(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sai.
\n(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i theo.<\/p>\n

Do ba ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y :<\/p>\n

(i) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec5 theo nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1m c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i, hay l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7\u2026 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

(ii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan ni\u1ec7m ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201cT\u00f4i\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1eabm b\u01b0\u1edbc con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(iii) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi ng\u1edd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 \u0111ang theo.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n ba ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u1eeda v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

(4) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba m\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y trau d\u1ed3i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0nh qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung. 52<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. Cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay c\u1ea7m tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ? Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng Kinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd Cao C\u1ea3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd,(1) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang theo B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd Cao C\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf :<\/p>\n

\u00a0(i) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5 ;
\n(ii) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t ;
\n(iii) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd ;
\n(iv) ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\n(1) B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 :
\n(1) V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng : N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh ra v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\n(2) Kh\u1ed5 : N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1ed5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.
\n(3) Tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng : N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.
\n(4) V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 : Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 trong t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t Sanh l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(1) Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n : Khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t sanh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5.
\n(2) Ph\u00e1t sanh : Khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sanh kh\u1ed5 tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.
\n(3) S\u1ea3n sanh : Khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n sanh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sanh kh\u1ed5 k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t.
\n(4) Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh : Khao kh\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ee7a D\u1eebng Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(1) D\u1eebng di\u1ec7t : D\u1eebng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb.
\n(2) Y\u00ean t\u0129nh : D\u1eebng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.
\n(3) Tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o : D\u1eebng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.
\n(4) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t : D\u1eebng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ; nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(1) Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng : Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\n(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang : Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.
\n(3) Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u : Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.
\n(4) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t : Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 x\u00f3a tan kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi ba c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c trong gi\u1edbi cao nh\u1ea5t, hu\u1ec7 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao nh\u1ea5t ; c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt(2) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bao g\u1ed3m trong ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y. 53
\n(2) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i trong Lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ba ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

(i) Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, sa di v\u00e0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

(ii) Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eadt ra, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 trong \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d (ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

(iii) Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n (dhyana), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(5) Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ee9c vua, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t). B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, h\u00e3y kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. 54<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec khi c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf\u2026 N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn theo t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t con voi t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, m\u1ecdi lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn trong tay.<\/p>\n

c. R\u00fat t\u1ec9a l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

(1) T\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 ; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1edf v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edf ra ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9c d\u1eady t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. 55<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, tai n\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c\u2026 V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Ratnavali,<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Yama (Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft) th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i n\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 : m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddm, l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i tan b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n khi th\u1edf ra, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u khi \u0111i ng\u1ee7 ban \u0111\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2013 th\u00e0nh tro t\u00e0n, kh\u00f4, th\u1ed1i hay d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n \u2013 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ebft.
\n56<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4, b\u1ecb \u0103n th\u1ecbt\u2026 Nh\u01b0 Candrakirti n\u00f3i trong Bodhisattva-yogacarya-catuhsataka-tika,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang thai, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong b\u00e0o thai th\u1ebf gian, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 tham \u0111\u1eafm n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bodhi-caryavatara,<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n, m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ru\u1ed9t gan b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm, th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec !<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tro b\u1ee5i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u2013 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00fai Tu Di v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (v\u00e0o l\u00fac ho\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp), \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i y\u1ebft \u1edbt n\u00e0y. 57<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00fai, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u sanh ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu, mong manh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00f5i. 58<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e1nh xe sanh t\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c quay tr\u00f2n, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa sanh t\u1eed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c g\u00ec, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Nh\u01b0 Aryadeva n\u00f3i trong Catuhsataka,<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c ? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf sanh t\u1eed (\u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen th\u00e2n) c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

(2) R\u00fat t\u1ec9a l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n may m\u1eafn nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm hoi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i b\u1eadc qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i th\u00fa th\u00ec c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a chui c\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1ch g\u1ed7 phi\u00eau d\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. 59<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n may m\u1eafn(3) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm hoi bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau. C\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong kinh, \u201cN\u1ebfu to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1ch b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i v\u00f2ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a m\u00f9 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n con r\u00f9a m\u00f9 \u1ea5y chui c\u1ed5 qua c\u00e1i \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0o minh h\u1ecda r\u00f5 h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ed, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

(3) M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 :
\n(1) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c,
\n(2) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i,
\n(3) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i th\u00fa v\u1eadt,
\n(4) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u,
\n(5) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o,
\n(6) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang d\u00e3,
\n(7) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu \u0111\u1ea7n,
\n(8) kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,
\n(9) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi,
\n(10) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 T\u0103ng),
\n(11) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan l\u00e0nh l\u1eb7n,
\n(12) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p,
\n(13) c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p,
\n(14) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3n sanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi,
\n(15) c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thanh t\u1ecbnh,
\n(16) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thanh t\u1ecbnh,
\n(17) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt,
\n(18) c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec c\u00f2n ngu d\u1ea1i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eeda v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh v\u00e0ng n\u1ea1m ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u. 60<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ngu d\u1ea1i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n may m\u1eafn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o m\u1eeda v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trang ho\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu. C\u00f2n ngu d\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bodhicaryavatara,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ea1i h\u01a1n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho nh\u00e0 vua n\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn : \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. 61<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 (khi l\u00e0m vua) :<\/p>\n

(i) sinh trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh cao sang khi\u1ebfn Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao C\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ;<\/p>\n

(ii) th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ;<\/p>\n

(iii) tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea7n qu\u1eadt v\u00ec mi\u1ebfng c\u01a1m, nh\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ;<\/p>\n

(iv) s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c bao la tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111em l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea5p g\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng, h\u00e3y n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. 62<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o (thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi han ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh g\u00ec. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00ean theo. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong Bhagavad-ratnaguna-sancaya-gatha-panjika-nama,<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt. B\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i, \u201cNh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00fa v\u1eadt, qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang d\u00e3, ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u hay n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 sinh trong t\u00e1m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb sanh l\u1ea1i. 63-64<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ec h\u1ed7n. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i sanh t\u1eed, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i sanh t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd G\u1edfi Cho Vua Gautamiputra NAGARJUNA\u2019S LETTER TO KING GAUTAMIPUTRA MOTILAL BANARSIDASS DELHI, 1978\u00a0 – THI\u1ec6N TRI TH\u1ee8C, 2002 \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":41,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3086","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3086"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3087,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3086\/revisions\/3087"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}