T\u1ee8 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n; NI\u1ec6M l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129; X\u1ee8 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef, b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \nQu\u00e1n Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/li>\n
- \nQu\u00e1n T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/li>\n
- \nQu\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/em><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/li>\n
- \nQu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1. Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh: Qu\u00e1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o. B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch. Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ta.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cho l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
Trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec qu\u00fd b\u00e1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc n\u00f3, n\u00e2ng niu n\u00f3, cung ph\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc n\u00f3 trong h\u00e0ng l\u1ee5a l\u00e0, g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta che ch\u1edf n\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 cao c\u1eeda l\u1edbn; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ed chu\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc th\u00ec ai m\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Song b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh m\u00e0 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3. Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u thai, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do hai th\u1ee9 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tinh v\u00e0 m\u1eabu huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t con h\u1ed9 tr\u00f9ng, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu, r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, n\u1eb1m l\u1eabn trong m\u00e1u me nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1eb1m co r\u00fat trong \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i chui theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft g\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt c\u00e1, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1, m\u1edbi nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh khi b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, ngay \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2u xa, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eafm \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, r\u00edt r\u1eafm; c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng s\u00e1ng d\u1eady ch\u01b0a s\u00fac, \u0111\u00e3 nghe c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i r\u1ed3i. Trong th\u00e2n, ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u, gh\u00e8n, r\u00e1i, m\u0169i, d\u00e3i… l\u1eafm chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ec1 trong th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i d\u01a1 h\u01a1n th\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n. Khi m\u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0, con heo ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a, ru\u1ed9t non, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, tim, gan, ph\u00e8o, ph\u1ed5i, bong b\u00f3ng… nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i khi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n khi \u0111au \u1ed1m l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n: n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0m, n\u00e0o m\u0169i, th\u1ed1i tha tanh h\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nan y nh\u01b0 lao, c\u00f9i, giang mai, hoa li\u1ec5u, th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi tr\u1ebb, c\u00f2n khi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c r\u0103ng long, l\u01b0ng c\u00f2m, da nh\u0103n, m\u00e1 h\u00f3p, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1edbp nh\u00faa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thay l\u1edbn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp c\u0169, th\u00ec da th\u1ecbt r\u00e3 r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111em ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t cho k\u00edn, th\u00ec ru\u1ed3i b\u1ecd, troi gi\u00f2i r\u00fac r\u1ec9a, m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i x\u00f4ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi y\u00eau qu\u00ed n\u00f3, c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u: h\u1ec5 th\u00e2n \u01b0a th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u01b0a, th\u00e2n gh\u00e9t th\u00ec m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t; l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho th\u00e2n, g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si n\u1ed5i l\u00ean; c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m sinh ra; c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, \u1ef7 ng\u1eef, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh. Tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, c\u0169ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ra.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t r\u00f5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p tham \u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
X\u01b0a \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, khi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecf x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi l\u00e2m (1) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i” C\u1eedu t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1n” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
a) Tr\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh thay ch\u1ebft, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y s\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbng to l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
b) Thanh \u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 n\u1eafng xanh x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
c) Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y b\u1ecb r\u00e3 n\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
d) Huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt r\u01a1i r\u1edbt lai l\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
\u0111) N\u1ed3ng l\u00e3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y ch\u1ebft da th\u1ecbt r\u1ee5c r\u00e3.<\/p>\n
e) H\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, qu\u00e1n chim th\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed5 \u0103n th\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
\u00ea) T\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, qu\u00e1n sau khi chim th\u00fa \u0103n, g\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh, tay ch\u00e2n chia tan n\u00e1t v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n
g) C\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, qu\u00e1n huy\u1ebft th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i.<\/p>\n
h) Thi\u00eau t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, qu\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh tro \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00edn ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, th\u00ec k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng, ham mu\u1ed1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, sau khi qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i, th\u1ea5y gh\u00ea t\u1edfm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft \u0111i. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u1ecdn n\u1eef s\u1eafc m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean ma sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: “Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00fai da \u0111\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n kia, h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111i, ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng! “. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra quang tuy\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, tim, gan, ph\u00e8o, ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ebf giai nh\u00e2n, qua \u1ed1ng r\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfng. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u00fang ta quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 l\u1edbp da b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong th\u00ec b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu qua quang tuy\u1ebfn X, th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u tr\u1eafng ph\u00eau \u0111ang n\u1eb1m l\u0103n l\u00f3c ngo\u00e0i b\u00e3i tha ma.<\/p>\n
H\u1ee1i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt tu h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p “qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh “; n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng say m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y ra bao nhi\u00eau tai h\u1ea1i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh.<\/p>\n
2. Qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng: T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i thay, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ta, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i Ta \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 hay c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a “S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0”. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, r\u1ed3i sanh l\u00f2ng \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea1ch \u1ea5y. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i m\u00f3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. D\u1ee9t cho h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa, th\u00ec th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ra, v\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi sanh ra c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u1ecd cho nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng duy c\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nghe nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft…<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf: c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n, khi nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, khi l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, khi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi vui khi bu\u1ed3n, khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi gh\u00e9t, khi chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, khi t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n duy\u00ean… th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch, t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t c\u1ee9 d\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eef c\u1ee9 d\u1eef. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, tu c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p kia, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n “T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng”, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “Ta” ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sanh ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1nh tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u do ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 sanh ra c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean chi chi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c , nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o:” T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, hay tham lam “; “T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1eddn ca x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e1t “; “T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8”.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecd cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00e2m tr\u00ed theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i “t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng” \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ra c\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n
3. Qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3: Ph\u00e1p, theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dharma. t\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 tr\u00ec, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1eef ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 vu\u00f4ng, d\u00e0i, tr\u00f2n m\u00e9o… \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, li\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi, v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a, s\u1eebng th\u1ecf, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, h\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh ra t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e3, b\u1ec9 th\u1eed, qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng, khinh r\u1ebb, tranh ch\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Song, x\u00e9t ra cho k\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3 “t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng”? N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh, sanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec7t… n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2u? Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n, ngo\u00e0i c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, d\u00f9 c\u0103n, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
Trong kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu sanh, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ly, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chia r\u1ebd, th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho nhau, in tu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi\u00eam bao hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam bao, c\u0169ng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i trong chi\u00eam bao. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, v\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Trong khi t\u00e2m duy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n ra gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00fd “ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”, cho n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u00edch th\u00edch, trong b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, quay cu\u1ed3ng theo s\u1ef1 m\u00faa r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tuy mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n an vui m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. C\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i chi m\u00e0 gh\u00e9t, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft tu h\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n
4. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5: Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu, nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh. Th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 sau: \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, ta th\u1ecd c\u00e1i \u0103n, th\u1ecd c\u00e1i m\u1eb7c, th\u1ecd c\u00e1i \u1edf, th\u1ecd s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac; th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ta kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1, th\u00edch th\u00fa, vui v\u1ebb. V\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1eafm. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ecd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ta ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ecd \u00edt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ecd xa x\u1ec9, th\u1eeba th\u00e3i v\u00f4 \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u00f3i quen g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t, tham lam, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf? N\u00e0o sanh, n\u00e0o l\u00e3o, n\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh, n\u00e0o t\u1eed, n\u00e0o y\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca, n\u00e0o o\u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v.v… th\u1eadt l\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng do th\u1ecd m\u00e0 ra nh\u01b0: nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho l\u00e0 qu\u00fd th\u00ec n\u01a1m n\u1edbp s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t, lo t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i? Ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa? Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i, m\u1ea5t \u0103n b\u1ecf ng\u1ee7. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng th\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y. K\u1ebb gi\u00e0u th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t danh v\u1ecdng…<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u1ecd m\u00e0 may g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa d\u1ea1 trong ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecd m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi, thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u00edt, m\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ta ng\u1eeda tay mong nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ta! Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5”. Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tham l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta, mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u00e1nh tham, ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n “th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5”. Ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5; c\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm. C\u00e0ng \u00edt l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00e0ng \u00edt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i \u0111i d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3. C\u00e0ng x\u1ea3 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, vui th\u00fa, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u01b0\u1edbng; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh g\u00ec th\u00ec g\u00e1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec vai c\u00e0ng \u0111au, ch\u00e2n c\u00e0ng m\u1ecfi, \u0111i c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm; t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00f9i ngon, v\u1ecb l\u1ea1 v.v… th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lay \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n
“T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9” l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong ph\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0: t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong s\u1ea1ch; t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t; t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eefu; t\u01b0\u1edfng thu nh\u1eadn gom g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec sung s\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n
1) Th\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3y \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e2ng niu chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
2) T\u00e2m th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
3) Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
4) Th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n; ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, th\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i; ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1edf chung quanh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i, nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e0ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, ghi nh\u1edb b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, tham, s\u00e2n, si l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
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\nhttp:\/\/www.tangthuphathoc.net\/phathoc\/tuniemxu.htm
\nT\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/p>\nTh\u00edch Ch\u00e1nh Th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
(B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f4m r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 10 (10 November 1935) t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb Quang, Hu\u1ebf)<\/p>\n
Nam m\u00f4 A Di \u0110\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n
N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 37 ph\u00e9p tr\u1ee3 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/p>\n
Ng\u0169 c\u0103n<\/p>\n
Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi<\/p>\n
B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n
Trong k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song, b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu n\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u201cch\u00e1nh\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u01a1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec sao cho kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m ch\u01a1n, l\u1ea5y t\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n tu theo Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba, theo t\u1eebng b\u1ef1c m\u00e0 tu l\u1ea7n l\u00ean, tu cho \u0111\u1eb7ng \u201cTh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi\u201d r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh \u201cB\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n
37 ph\u00e9p tr\u1ee3 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3, v\u1eady k\u1ef3 h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9\u201d.<\/p>\n
To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng tha, kh\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf. L\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o t\u00e2m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh, n\u00e0o ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o nh\u01a1n. N\u00ean chi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 \u0111au s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u01b0a gh\u00e9t bu\u1ed3n s\u1ee3, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp trong ba c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta m\u00ea, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft m\u00ea ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
Th\u01b0a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1p gai th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y gai m\u00e0 l\u1ec3, v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 chi? T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, d\u00f9 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba hay \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3
\nI. Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\nB\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u00ec tinh s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian ai c\u0169ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 hao ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a, mang ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ecbu l\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3, mi\u1ec5n cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf gian qu\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nay nghe Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u201cth\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh\u201d th\u00ec sao cho kh\u1ecfi nghi ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
Song, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u1edd ph\u1ee5 tinh m\u1eabu huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee5 tinh m\u1eabu huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, v\u1eady c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 do nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u thai, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ecf nhen nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 tr\u00f9ng, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n sinh n\u0103m sinh b\u1ea3y, l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u00e1u me r\u1ea5t d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u00e1u me, r\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u0169ng m\u00e1u h\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng oe oe ba ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u00ec l\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e3 sanh ra r\u1ed3i, khi nh\u1ecf nh\u1edd b\u00fa s\u1eefa, l\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1edd \u0103n u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1 thi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 trong Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea3n th\u1ecb m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb, nh\u01a1n chi s\u1edf th\u1ecb, t\u00fac t\u00edch chi gian, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cBan \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1, ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch, m\u00e0 \u0103n v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp\u201d. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. M\u00e0 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp thi\u1ec7t. S\u1edbm mai ng\u1ee7 d\u1eady ch\u01b0a s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec trong mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f4i th\u00fai, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1eafm r\u1eeda th\u00ec \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9m m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, \u0111en \u0111iu r\u00edt r\u1eafm. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, r\u00e1y tai, l\u1eafm chuy\u1ec7n d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 trong l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i chi m\u00e1u me x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt, ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f4i th\u00fai, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i khi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1edb khi \u0111au \u1ed1m l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddm, n\u00e0o m\u0169i, th\u00fai tha tanh h\u00f4i, xi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. D\u01a1 nh\u1edbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u0103m s\u00e1u ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c m\u1eb7t nh\u0103n, l\u01b0ng c\u00f2m r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, n\u00ean c\u00e0ng d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thay l\u1edbp m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp c\u0169, th\u00ec da th\u1ecbt r\u00e3 r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i c\u00e1i m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u00fai \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady th\u00ec bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u01b0a g\u00ec th\u00ec \u01b0a, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n gh\u00e9t g\u00ec th\u00ec gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i. V\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si. V\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m. V\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n \u1ef7 ng\u1eef, \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t. Tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t cho r\u00f5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.
\nII. Th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\nTh\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta sanh ra \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady n\u00f3i \u201cTh\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c chi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ua nhau v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n minh, n\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, n\u00e0o danh v\u1ecdng, n\u00e0o l\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, n\u00e0o xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e0u bay, b\u00e0ng the l\u1ee5a l\u00e0, \u0111\u00e0n ca x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e1t v.v…, nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 \u00eam tai vui m\u1eaft, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1eafm sao? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, xin c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0 suy nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea7u thai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft tr\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cay \u0111\u1eafng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. Khi \u1edf trong thai kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u1edf trong ng\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 m\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 tai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ed1m c\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, tay ch\u1ecdi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1p, mu\u1ed1n ra cho kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebb, \u1edf trong thai \u0111\u00e3 quen, b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng quen ch\u1ecbu n\u00ean sanh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5. M\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng u oa khi m\u1edbi l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y d\u1ea7n \u0111i, k\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft bao nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1eafm m\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee9 cho b\u00fa, mu\u1ed1n b\u00fa m\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee9 b\u1eaft t\u1eafm; khi mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ee7 m\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee9 b\u1eaft ch\u01a1i, khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u01a1i m\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 b\u1eaft ng\u1ee7; mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 l\u1eafm l\u00fac kh\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u01a1i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho v\u1eeba \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, bi\u1ebft \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i lo l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i khi l\u1ea1nh khi n\u00f3ng, khi \u0111\u00f3i khi kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u01b0a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u00e2n t\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, o\u00e1n c\u1eebu g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen m\u00ea l\u1ea7m mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u1eeba v\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi thi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 khi \u0111au, khi gi\u00e0, khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
\u1ede \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chi kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111au \u1ed1m. C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 trong khi \u0111au. T\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u00e0 \u0111au n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n, s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 t\u1ea3, ho lao v.v… Gi\u00e0 \u0111au tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111au, l\u1edbn \u0111au nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111au, tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au k\u1ec3 sao cho xi\u1ebft. C\u00e1i \u0111au tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u1ea5y ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1n \u0111au m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e0u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1n \u0111au m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec \u0111au m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh thua k\u00e9m. V\u00ec \u0111au m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng danh l\u1ee1 l\u00e0ng. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, n\u00e0o \u0111ui n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ebfc, n\u00e0o qu\u00e8 n\u00e0o b\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafm ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 \u0111au h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. T\u00f3c b\u1ea1c r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, l\u01b0ng m\u1ecfi g\u1ed1i d\u00f9n, tai l\u1eabn m\u1eaft l\u00f2a, tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ngon, n\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7, tr\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00ec tr\u1edf theo tr\u1eddi, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf k\u1ec3 sao cho xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1eebng trong kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ai ch\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 trong khi ch\u1ebft c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f3 b\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. M\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sanh ra th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i cho l\u00e0 bi quan v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u1eafm tr\u00f2 vui, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ebft. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vui nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i vui \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i vui trong c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. X\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i vui c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i danh l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c. Song danh l\u1ee3i th\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u1eafm ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 danh m\u00e0 lo ng\u00e0y lo \u0111\u00eam, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ngon, n\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7. R\u1ee7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ed7 l\u1ea3 th\u00ec r\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ef1c \u00f3c, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p ti\u1ebfng hay, m\u00f9i ngon v\u1ecb l\u1ea1, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00e0 th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 say s\u01b0a, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu sau, v\u1ecb l\u1ea1 ti\u1ebfng hay ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. C\u00f2n vui v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh \u00e1i l\u00e0 khi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u00ec vui, khi xa nhau l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1eafm \u0111\u00f4i trai g\u00e1i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdn ch\u1eef t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o hang s\u00e2u v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf k\u1ec3 sao cho xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i vui \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111eo theo m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, thi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c chi m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, khi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f9a c\u0169ng b\u1ee1n, khi r\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i. Tuy trong khi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng vui c\u0169ng s\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0169ng reo c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i v\u1eabn kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
X\u00e9t k\u1ef9 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vui \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng sanh ra ba \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 v\u00ec nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec sanh say s\u01b0a, ngh\u00e8o c\u1ef1c, \u0111au \u1ed1m m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ebft \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0a xem h\u00e1t b\u1ed7ng h\u1ebft gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0a qu\u00fd b\u00e1u b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 \u0111i m\u00e0 sanh ra kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean trong kinh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cTam gi\u1edbi giai v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u01b0 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u1ea1c\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f5i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 vui c\u1ea3. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang sanh bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 chi? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd v\u1eady. V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, n\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u00f3a ra c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh theo Ph\u1eadt, sanh l\u00f2ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c th\u00ec bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i n\u00ean tr\u1ed5 ng\u1ecdn th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc Ph\u1eadt gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ea7y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn vui v\u1ebb y\u00ean l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i?\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \u201cKhi \u00f4ng t\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ai?\u201d.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cV\u1ec1 t\u00f4i ch\u1edb v\u1ec1 ai\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00e8n l\u00e2u \u00f4ng m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00e1i m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u00f4ng, can chi t\u00f4i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n nghe n\u00f3i li\u1ec1n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00ednh l\u1ea1y v\u00e0 xin quy y theo Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd l\u00e0 qu\u00fd h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p ti\u1ebfng hay, m\u00f9i ngon v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, danh v\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, t\u00e2m v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vui, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc vui ri\u00eang theo \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.
\nIII. T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\nT\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 chi? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng thay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 hay c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a S\u1ed5 Lu\u1eadn S\u01b0. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 sanh l\u00f2ng \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea1ch. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ee9t cho h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa th\u00ec th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi sanh ra c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecd cho nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ma c\u1ea3nh trong h\u00e0nh \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng duy c\u00e1i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebft, ch\u1edb c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n kia c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng nghe nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n con m\u1eaft th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 kia, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y l\u00fd t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch, t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u1ea5n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
Kinh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cT\u00e2m nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t \u01b0ng ng\u00f4n; ng\u00e3 v\u1eadt tha v\u1eadt nh\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh nh\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eed. T\u00e2m nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3, tuy h\u1eefu s\u1edf t\u00e1c b\u1ea5t \u01b0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, d\u0129 th\u1ecb ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tri t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1c sai bi\u1ec7t, h\u1eefu bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecb c\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tri v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u sai kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00e0 th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t c\u1ee9 d\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eef c\u1ee9 d\u1eef, l\u00fac sinh ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, tu c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng tu c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, d\u1eef c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau, thi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, khi l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, khi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi vui khi bu\u1ed3n , khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi gh\u00e9t, khi chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, khi t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n b\u1edfi tr\u1ea7n duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean l\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sanh ra bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1eeb tham, s\u00e2n, si cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e3m, cu\u1ed1n, ki\u00eau, h\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean chi chi c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, t\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay tham lam, t\u00e1nh t\u00f4i \u01b0a \u0111\u1eddn ca x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e1t, t\u00e1nh t\u00f4i \u01b0a c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u00e2ng cao t\u00e2m tr\u00ed theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ra c\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7ng ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed.
\nIV. Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/p>\nPh\u00e1p theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dharma, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef7 tr\u00ec, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, qu\u1ef7 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y mai, n\u00f3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00e2y mai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e2y l\u00fd, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. N\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e2y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 cho ai th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e2y mai, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef7 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 Nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, Qu\u1ef7 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Cu x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn chia c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ra 75 m\u00f3n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p 11<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p 1<\/p>\n
T\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p 46<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p14<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p 3<\/p>\n
S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i, tuy \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m do ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i thi thi\u1ebft, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f3 14 m\u00f3n, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00ec c\u00f3 24 m\u00f3n, l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eafc<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n
Di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean<\/p>\n
M\u1ea1ng c\u0103n<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn<\/p>\n
Sanh<\/p>\n
L\u00e3o<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ee5<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
Danh th\u00e2n<\/p>\n
C\u00fa lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n
V\u0103n th\u00e2n<\/p>\n
D\u1ecb sanh t\u00e1nh<\/p>\n
L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ecb<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf t\u1ed9c<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
S\u1ed1<\/p>\n
H\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba duy c\u00f3 ba m\u00f3n, l\u00e0<\/p>\n
1. H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi<\/p>\n
2. Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi<\/p>\n
3. Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi<\/p>\n
Do \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc m\u00e0 l\u1eadp H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi. Do \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u1eadp Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi. Do \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu m\u00e0 l\u1eadp Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi. Trong 75 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n ng\u00e3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3, l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, n\u00ean \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, h\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean hai b\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00f4ng x\u00e9 nhau, xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau, b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec sanh ra ki\u00eau c\u0103ng e s\u1ee3, b\u00ean n\u00e0o m\u1ea5t th\u00ec sanh ra o\u00e1n h\u1eadn lo bu\u1ed3n, l\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00e0ng th\u00eam, nghi\u1ec7p oan gia c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kia l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
Song, x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh, h\u1eefu v\u1ecb, h\u1eefu x\u00fac, h\u1eefu h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, v\u00f4 x\u00fac, v\u00f4 hu\u01a1ng, sanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec7t, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n, ngo\u00e0i c\u0103n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n, v\u1eady th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p d\u1ea7u c\u0103n d\u1ea7u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3. C\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00e0 n\u0103ng tri, ngo\u00e0i s\u1edf tri ra, n\u0103ng tri l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. L\u1ea1i vui \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu\u1ed3n, l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef, gi\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gh\u00e9t v.v…, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9 ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p ra, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p. Do trong ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng xen h\u1edf, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u01a1i sai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc, do ly c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, do di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, do sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u1ed1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, do nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd sanh \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n, do c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn, do c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sanh t\u00e1nh, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh, do tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e3o, do ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5, do gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u01b0 n\u00e1t m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, do gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n, do nh\u00f3m g\u00f3p c\u00e1c danh, ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fa th\u00e2n, do mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n n\u01a1i s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecb, do c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, do c\u00e1c m\u00f3n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u00edp c\u00f3 ch\u1ea7y m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ed1c, do t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7, trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1eadp ra c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 sau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi, do c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau chia ra t\u1eebng ng\u1eb1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3i t\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra c\u00f3 s\u1ed1, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chia r\u1ebd m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
Trong kinh L\u0103ng nghi\u00eam Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cNh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu sanh, nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ly, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng danh di\u1ec7t\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7p th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 sanh ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chia r\u1ebd th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft. V\u1eady th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 in tu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi\u00eam bao hi\u1ec7n ra th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam bao c\u0169ng l\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3; \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i trong chi\u00eam bao. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, n\u00ean trong khi t\u00e2m duy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i; Thi\u1ec7t ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00fd ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u00edch th\u00edch, trong b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, tuy mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n an vui m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, mu\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chan ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i chi \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u01b0a gh\u00e9t vui bu\u1ed3n, c\u00f2n ai \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft tu h\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u00edch k\u1ef7 h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Sau n\u00e0y t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc cao \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u1ecdc sanh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
Th\u00edch Ch\u00e1nh Th\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
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- \nQu\u00e1n T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong><\/address>\n<\/li>\n