{"id":3024,"date":"2012-12-20T09:40:57","date_gmt":"2012-12-20T09:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3024"},"modified":"2014-03-20T10:24:07","modified_gmt":"2014-03-20T10:24:07","slug":"tu-dieu-de-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3024","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ee8 DI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ebe"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0T\u1eea\u00a0G\u00d3C \u0110\u1ed8 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacN KHOA H\u1eccC PGS. TS. H\u00e0 V\u0129nh T\u00e2n<\/p>\n

(09\/11\/2010 02:52 AM)\u00a0(Xem: 14253)<\/div>\n
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\n
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T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
\nT\u1eea\u00a0G\u00d3C \u0110\u1ed8 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacN KHOA H\u1eccC
\nPGS. TS. H\u00e0 V\u0129nh T\u00e2n<\/div>\n

Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch m\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 B\u1ee5t \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u00e2u t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c ph\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi, lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap mu\u00f4n ch\u00fang sinh qua m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

D\u00e1ng B\u1ee5t \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m, thanh cao,
\nL\u1eddi B\u1ee5t \u1ea5m \u00e1p, th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m ta
\nL\u00f2ng B\u1ee5t r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf bao la,
\nM\u1eaft B\u1ee5t th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, chan h\u00f2a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u1edbn l\u00ean, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng B\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 B\u1ee5t ch\u1ec9 trao truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u00e2m, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0mang l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u201ct\u1ef1\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 tha,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c gi\u00e1c tha\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng,
\nT\u00e2m m\u00ea c\u00f3 m\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0ng,
\nPh\u1eadt trao ta \u00c1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng,
\nT\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u00a0T\u1ef1\u00a0T\u00e2m<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y t\u00f4i xin th\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, chia s\u1ebb t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o cho n\u0103m anh em A nh\u00e3 Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e0nh Ba la n\u1ea1i. Xem l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0trong kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n \u2013 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefngtu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 (Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf). S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm ra l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp (T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf). S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm ra l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp di\u1ec7t (Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf). V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm ra l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Minh \u0110\u0103ng Quang trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u201cCh\u00e2n L\u00fd\u201d c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ra l\u00e0 do\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a trong\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, do\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0sinh ra. Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng,\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u00f9i tr\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng, B\u1edfi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng, Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ra d\u00f9i tr\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9i ch\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t, m\u1edbi sinh ra ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: N\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ee5c kh\u1ed5. N\u00e0y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 t\u1eadp, v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ee5c t\u1eadp. N\u00e0y ph\u00e9p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t. N\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5, v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i sau khi di\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5. Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. T\u1eadp l\u00e0 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i,\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9a kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi t\u1eadp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao chuy\u1ec1n qua bao tr\u00e1i tim kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bao s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u00e0y nay may m\u1eafn l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tay v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0\u00a0tu\u00a0n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, ta xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00e2m vi\u00ean, \u00fd m\u00e3\u201d kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m sao,
\nSai khi\u1ebfn ta \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u1ebbo n\u00e0o,
\n\u01a0n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t minh Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m,
\nPh\u1ee5c t\u00e2m ki\u1ec1m \u00fd\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft bao”<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 duy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u00a0di\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 hy sinh to l\u1edbn v\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nha Nic\u00f4lai C\u00f4pecnich hay Galileo Galilei. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: Thomas Edison, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 1.093 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, Albert Einsntein \u2013 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gian, hay Von Neumann \u2013 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111em\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n minh th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0logic. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh\u00a0tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchu tr\u00ecnh l\u00f4gic\u201d. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo chu tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c b\u1ef1c thang tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u thang xoay tr\u00f4n \u1ed1c trong nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 5 n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 1).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, th\u00ec\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang sinh g\u1eb7p bao nhi\u00eau phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Ph\u1eadt trao cho ch\u00fang ta\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:\u201dT\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft,\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp,\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp\u201d gi\u00fap ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi u minh – ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, \u0111i\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (general method) trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0(problem solving), thu nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (obtaining knowledge), v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (obtaining know-how).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n

1. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P KHOA H\u1eccC (Scientific method) d\u00f9ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung, \u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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  • B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>–\u00a0M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh (Charaterization from experience and observation):<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>–\u00a0L\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft (Hypothesis: a proposed explanation):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, c\u0103n c\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
  • B\u01b0\u1edbc 3- Suy lu\u1eadn l\u00f4gic (Deduction: prediction from the hypothesis):<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c suy lu\u1eadn, ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
  • B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>–\u00a0Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng (Test and experiment):<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n
  • B\u01b0\u1edbc 5<\/strong>–\u00a0(l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n)<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1ea1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TO\u00c1N H\u1eccC (Mathematical method) d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cTo\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cTo\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

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    • B\u01b0\u1edbc 1- S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u (Understanding):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    • B\u01b0\u1edbc 2- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Analysis):<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ef1 m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • B\u01b0\u1edbc 3- T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthesis):<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p hay t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u1eabn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ef1 m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • B\u01b0\u1edbc 4- T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Review\/ Extend):<\/strong>\u00a0Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ta ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
    • B\u01b0\u1edbc 5- (l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n):<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1edbi th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u: Ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TH\u1eec V\u00c0 SAI M\u1ede R\u1ed8NG (Generalized trial and error method) d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u00e1c b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (know-how), m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cTh\u1eed v\u00e0 sai\u201d.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cTh\u1eed v\u00e0 sai\u201d l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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      • B\u01b0\u1edbc 1- Th\u1eed (Trial)<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, th\u1eed d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh cho l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u1eed l\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edhc mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2026<\/li>\n
      • B\u01b0\u1edbc 2- Sai (Error<\/strong>): Sau khi th\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ta d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, mong mu\u1ed1n\u2026<\/li>\n
      • B\u01b0\u1edbc 3- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Analysis):<\/strong>\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i sai n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
      • B\u01b0\u1edbc 4- S\u1eeda sai (Correction):<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ta cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0sai m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201chi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i sai\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • B\u01b0\u1edbc 5- (l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n)<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1ea1i th\u1eed th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: Ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c th\u1eed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hay lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i sai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u chung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111i l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chung s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay logic c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 3 \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0: Khi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec th\u00ec n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu a c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec xme k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0sai s\u00f3t (kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec nh\u1ecf). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u201csai v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ta lo s\u1ee3.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khi ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cTh\u1eed v\u00e0 Sai\u201d.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cT\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u201d m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta: m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e0nh cam ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cT\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u201d ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0trong s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp, ta h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cT\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u0111\u1ebf\u201d v\u1edbi\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u201cTh\u1eed v\u00e0 sai\u201d qua b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\nTh\u1eed v\u00e0 Sai<\/td>\nT\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        1<\/td>\nSai l\u1ea7m<\/td>\nKh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        2<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sai l\u1ea7m<\/td>\nKh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        3<\/td>\nS\u1eeda nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sai l\u1ea7m<\/td>\nKh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– T\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        4<\/td>\nTh\u1eed sau khi S\u1eeda nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sai l\u1ea7m<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– Con d\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        5…<\/td>\nL\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c\u2026<\/td>\nQuay l\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c
        \n\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Ta th\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nha m\u1ed9t S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m ta do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf), m\u00e0 khi ta hi\u1ec3u ra nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u201cnguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Sai l\u1ea7m\u201d.
        \nB\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Khi hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i ta s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 (Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf) nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n Sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).\u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y chu tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i quay l\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 5- \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, Sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u00f3,\u00a0tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft ngay nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ta l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c\u2026 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf b\u01b0\u1edbc 5 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong cu\u1ed1n \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0a m\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng\u201d (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh):\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh minh, sau 49 ng\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u00eam ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, Siddhatta (t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3) b\u1eebng m\u1edf m\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y \u201csao Mai hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao m\u1edbi, ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh m\u1eebng vui nh\u01b0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. \u00d4ng s\u1eefng nh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i sao Mai r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng: \u201cL\u1ea1 thay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng. V\u1eady m\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0n mu\u00f4n \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh l\u1eb7n ng\u1ee5p trong bi\u1ec3n sinh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Siddhatta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n an l\u1ea1c th\u01b0 th\u00e1i\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

        Ngay \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m linh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n 49 ng\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u00eam (tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh), Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt t\u00ednh\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eb1m\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p\u201d.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng\u00a0tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n\u00a0tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n Meldeleev theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c Dmitri Ivannovich Mendeleev \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra n\u00f3 hay nh\u01b0 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Einstein theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Albert Einstein \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra n\u00f3\u2026<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eadn ra Gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac trong m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea9y xa h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t logic t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu sau khi ta coi Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do Sai l\u1ea7m n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i quan s\u00e1t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea7m, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec theo s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa sang s\u1eeda c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Di\u1ec7t xong kh\u1ed5, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u00ecm v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf). \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u00f4ci c\u00f9ng th\u1eed sau khi s\u1eeda sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0khi ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo chu k\u1ef3 \u0111i l\u00ean.\u00a0T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi Th\u1eed sau khi s\u1eeda sai l\u1ea7m ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang ngay.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y (\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc 5) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc 1) \u1edf ch\u1ed7 sai \u00edt h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c sai\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0s\u1eeda h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ta h\u00e3y y\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01a1n qua m\u1ed7i chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u1edbi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa: Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec7n h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau, b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a nhan lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a sinh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng An l\u1ea1c, H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u0110\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/td>\nT\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        1<\/td>\nCu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5:
        \n– Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1
        \n– \u1ea2o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n
        \n– Thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham
        \n– S\u1ef1 hung h\u0103ng, g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n, l\u00f2ng tham, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 m\u00ecnh<\/td>\n        		Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5
        \nG\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (\u0111au \u1ed1m, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0, ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n (\u1ea3o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, lo l\u1eafng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc). Ch\u00fang l\u00fac ph\u00e1t sinh, l\u00fac bi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u2013 v\u00f4 minh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        2<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc:
        \n– L\u00f2ng tham: kh\u00f4ng vao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7, thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e0m cho \u0111au kh\u1ed5
        \n– C\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n
        \n– M\u1ecdi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf
        \n– Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f2ng tham, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/td>\n        		Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5
        \nTam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ta v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c:
        \n1. Tham (l\u00f2ng tham, ham mu\u1ed1n, quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn).
        \n2. S\u00e2n (gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf)
        \n3. Si (v\u00f4 minh, m\u00ea m\u1edd, ngu d\u1ed1t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        3<\/td>\nS\u1eeda nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sai l\u1ea7m
        \n– C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau
        \n– S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u00edch k\u1ef7
        \n– C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c
        \n– H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/td>\n        		Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– T\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5
        \nGi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – v\u00f4 minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ta. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ham mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        4<\/td>\nTho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5: Sau khi S\u1eeda nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sai l\u1ea7m
        \n–\u00a0Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3)
        \n– Tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng
        \n– Gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5u v\u00edu, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p chung; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i
        \n– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh, tinh th\u1ea7n
        \n– L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau
        \n– L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5
        \n– T\u1ea1o n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/td>\n        		\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0– Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.
        \nB\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n.
        \n1. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn: c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh
        \n2. Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy:\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, kh\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i
        \n3. Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0t\u00e2m (trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, kh\u00f4ng l\u0103ng m\u1ea1, tr\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m ph\u00e0o)
        \n4. Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy, \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.
        \n5. Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng: ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh
        \n6. Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n:\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0t\u1ed1n, ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho t\u00e2m
        \n7. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m: hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0r\u00e8n t\u00e2m s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng
        \n8. Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        5<\/td>\nL\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c
        \n\u2026<\/td>\n        		Quay l\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c
        \n\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        PGS. TS. H\u00e0 V\u0129nh T\u00e2n, Vi\u1ec7n V\u1eadt l\u00fd, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam
        \n(Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc)<\/em><\/p>\n

        ———————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

        Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n

        PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC PH\u1ed4 TH\u00d4NG<\/strong>
        \nH\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa
        \nTh\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1ea4n H\u00e0nh 1997
        \nKHO\u00c1 TH\u1ee8 3: THINH V\u0102N TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/p>\n

        <\/div>\n

        B\u00e0i Th\u1ee9 1<\/p>\n

        Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t V\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf (Ariya Saccani)<\/p>\n

        A. M\u1edf \u00d0\u1ec1\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n V\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca Gi\u1ea3ng V\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf L\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1, li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c\u0111em gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho ch\u00fang sanh. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, th\u00e2m\u00a0di\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd v\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh? \u00d0\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0b\u1ec1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        Quan s\u00e1t c\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0tu\u00a0v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111ang\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Sau khi nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, th\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn m\u00ea l\u1ea7m tan v\u1ee1, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 si\u00eau tho\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u0103m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n

        T\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 sau,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0t\u1eeb) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ph\u1ed9 cho kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0\u0111em gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf ra tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        B. Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec1\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        I. \u00d0\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a V\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n;\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0l\u00e0 hay\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ariya Saccani.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. V\u1edbi b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, m\u00ea m\u1edd, \u0111i d\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng sai ch\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c thi\u00eang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u0111i trong\u00a0\u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. V\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Di\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1eef \u00d0\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, cao nh\u1ea5t, bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

        Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        II.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf G\u1ed3m Nh\u1eefng G\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0: Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        1. Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Dukkha): Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu, nh\u01b0 S\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u00d0au l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v.v\u2026 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 d\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, bao v\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ed c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        2. T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Sameda Dukkha): T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nuy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian, l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5i \u1ea5y. Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh; c\u00f2n T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh, l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        3. Di\u1ec7t\u00a0d\u1ebf\u00a0(Nirodha Dukkha): Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb an l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n cam \u0111oan c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kl\u00e0nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0103n ngon, ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1ng ki\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n khoan kho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

        4. \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Nirodha Gamadukkha). \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i toa thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ea ra\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh mua v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i y theo\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        III. B\u1ed1 C\u1ee5c K\u1ef3\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0C\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u00c2u T\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f2n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u00e1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e1i th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh bi \u0111\u00e1t n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ta, b\u00ean tai ta, ngay trong ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta; nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nghe, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, s\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt xa l\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d0\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh, ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh, ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111au \u1ed1m, ai kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v.v…? V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u mang theo t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3. \u00d0\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00edt nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

        Khi ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u1edf chung quanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, l\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xa l\u1ea1, vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i vui th\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i vui th\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi vui th\u00fa m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vui v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i vui m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i vui \u1ea5y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh sau. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, \u0111\u00fang t\u00e2m l\u00fd: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy x\u00e9t, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111i hay kh\u00f4ng. n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y cao qu\u00fd,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, khi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 th\u1eb3m m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 t\u01a1i b\u1eddi, trong \u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p, k\u00eau la, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, ch\u1edbi v\u1edbi… (Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Trong c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh, ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u1ea5y: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, tham, s\u00e2n, si.. . nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00f4 minh\u00a0\u0111en ngh\u1ecbt, che khu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Nh\u00ecn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, ta th\u1ea5y quang c\u1ea3nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, y\u00ean t\u0129nh; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, h\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang r\u00ean si\u1ebft, kh\u00f3c than… \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n cao nguy\u00ean, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao, c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed c\u00e0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, y\u00ean vui. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, vui v\u1ebb l\u1eafm; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc cao th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 dung m\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t… (Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u00ecn r\u00f5, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, r\u1ea5t hay nh\u01b0:\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n,\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v.v… Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00ean, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng mang r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u00e0nh l\u00fd… (\u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        B\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 “Th\u1ebf gian” v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 “Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian”.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u00e2y, b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi: Th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian,\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

        IV. \u00d0\u1ecba V\u1ecb Quan Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf Trong To\u00e0n B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 chung cho c\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y,\u00a0tuy ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea5y. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y\u00a0tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. R\u1ed3i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd\u00a0tuth\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. C\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Nam t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u00c2u M\u1ef9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        C. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt\u00a0T\u1eed\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed, h\u01a1n ai c\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au r\u1ed3i, ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00e0ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, r\u00ean si\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c bi quan b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf bi quan l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa,\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u xa, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ec7n ra sau khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u00d0au kh\u1ed5 l\u00f9i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i tan \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thay v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong trong \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n

        ——————————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

        36 B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf. \/ 37 Sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\/ 38 V\u00f4 sinh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\/ 39 V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0T\u1ee9di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\/ 40 V\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        <\/h3>\n

        36 B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf.<\/h3>\n

        Khi n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u1ea5n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ba-la-N\u1ea1i sau khi Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong su\u1ed1t 49 n\u0103m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0cho kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00fang sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m kinh.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ng\u1ecf h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0cho h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n A La H\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        1)\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tam kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5 cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 sanh kh\u1ed5, l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5,\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1ed5, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, o\u00e1n t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

        2) T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

        Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec tin theo c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0, ma, th\u1ea7n, qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a\u00a0 tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

        V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb cho h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c sa tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c th\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c th\u1ebf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

        \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ki\u1ebfp Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1ee5\u00a0h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

        \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 5 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

        a) Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 si m\u00ea l\u1ea7m\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 th\u1eadt C\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        b) Bi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 th\u1eadt C\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi th\u00e2n ta ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u1eefu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ta ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

        c) Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft, t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m hay h\u01a1n h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        d) Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc theo nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn t\u00e0 ma\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00ean tr\u1eddi\u2026<\/p>\n

        e) T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o sai l\u1ea7m cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 chi h\u1ebft, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o, \u00e1c b\u00e1o chi c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi Ki\ufffd\ufffdn tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m sai khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1eebbao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ebfp. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

        a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tham lam: y\u00eau th\u00edch, ham mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

        b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn:\u00a0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n.<\/p>\n

        c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Si m\u00ea:\u00a0 ngu d\u1ed1t, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

        d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ea1n: ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nghi ng\u1edd:\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        N\u0103m c\u00e1i T\u00e2m S\u1edf x\u1ea5u xa n\u1ea7y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m g\u00e2y ra phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong s\u1ea1ch, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00fang Sinh Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y do n\u0103m Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u0103m Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 b\u1ec9, t\u1ec7 \u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

        \u00d8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ea1ng Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi M\u1ea1ng Tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        3)\u00a0 Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf: ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        4) \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf: c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        V\u1eady b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0: Sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, V\u00f4 sinh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        37 Sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cKh\u1ed5\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u00ec b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi sanh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh,\u00a0t\u1eedc\u00f2n lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a sinh, tr\u1ee5, di, di\u1ec7t. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y m\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ea3. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

        Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2m ra lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ea9y sinh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe tr\u00e1ng ki\u1ec7n bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, danh v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u01b0u manh th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111em theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u? Ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec. S\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng v\u0103n minh t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f3 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. C\u1ed1t\u00a0t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb Tham-S\u00e2n-Si phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u nh\u00e2n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra. Khi\u00a0tu\u00a0theo \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh tan \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00f4 minh h\u1eafc \u00e1m l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba l\u00e0\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n,\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m, A Na H\u00e0m v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n. Trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eedc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp, Ph\u00fa L\u00e2u Na, A Nan, A Na Lu\u1eadt\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0T\u1ee9di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0n\u1ea7y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        38 V\u00f4 sinh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ng\u0169 quan nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra b\u00ean trong ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00e1i Th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e2m kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 S\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

        Trong V\u00f4 sinh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111au b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm trong h\u1ecd th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tham-S\u00e2n-Si m\u1ea1n nghi\u2026v\u00ec trong\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00ec t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ec th\u1eadt\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng cho n\u00ean trong v\u00f4 sanh\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n an nhi\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh n\u00ean Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o g\u1edf. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

        Khi th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tan th\u00ec l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng sau n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 tan c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi sinh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i bao gi\u1edd? V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. V\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta sanh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ly. \u0110\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tan r\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p theo tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0o no\u00e3n b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. Tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0i nhi c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, t\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u2026v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a h\u00e0i nhi sau n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

        N\u00ean bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong T\u00e2m kinh r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00ec th\u1ecd,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3. Sau c\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3 theo. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd n\u1ea7y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

        Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Th\u00e1i lan c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u01a1m d\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u01a1m ngon. N\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta sang Th\u00e1i lan xin m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111em v\u1ec1 qu\u1eadn Cam\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf qu\u1eadn Cam c\u0169ng th\u01a1m ngon nh\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u00e1i lan? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u1ea1i sao? C\u00e1i h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i lan m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu\u00a0\u0111em tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i lan th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00f9i v\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang n\u1ea7y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi bi\u1ebft bao nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau\u2026th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn Cam l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u00e1i lan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang th\u00ec c\u00e1i tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn Cam kh\u00f4ng th\u01a1m ngon b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i lan.<\/p>\n

        N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 hai tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n tan r\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00e1i sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c trong ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed9t s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i lan. Tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang \u1edf Th\u00e1i lan m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang \u1edf qu\u1eadn Cam. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 trong ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u an hay c\u1ea7u si\u00eau trong nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00fang sao gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n. M\u00ecnh gieo nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi th\u1ea7n to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng Kh\u1ed5ng Minh Gia C\u00e1t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 n\u1ea7y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n n\u00ean cho \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n c\u00fang sao gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Kh\u1ed5ng Minh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:\u201dM\u01b0u s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i thi\u00ean\u201d. N\u1ebfu Kh\u1ed5ng Minh am hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng:\u201dL\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 do t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 do nghi\u1ec7p\u201d. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng s\u00f4 b\u1ed3 h\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed9n\u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u1eddi ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u an, c\u1ea7u si\u00eau. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o gia \u0111\u00ecnh quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i khi vua L\u01b0u Ly c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u T\u1ea5t La\u00a0\u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t cung th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho n\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho vua L\u01b0u Ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng si\u00eau n\u1ed5i cho th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c th\u00ec ai d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c si\u00eau cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c? N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 si\u00eau th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 si\u00eau cho con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 La H\u1ea7u La. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh tre ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3c m\u0103ng? Khi th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng h\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n tan r\u00e3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00e1i m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

        Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng th\u00ec khi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tha nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 lo c\u1ea7u an, c\u1ea7u si\u00eau th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng su\u1ed1t 49 n\u0103m v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i 12 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0khai th\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u an c\u1ea7u si\u00eau th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 \u0111oan ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t t\u1eadt c\u00f2n n\u1ea7y. Mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o vi\u00ean m\u00e3n hay s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi an vui\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u1ea7y th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111i thong dong tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

        Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1eadt\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sanh hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 hay \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1c. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c cho n\u00ean v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n Ng\u00e3. Sau c\u00f9ng v\u00ec bi\u1ebft v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 cho n\u00ean v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        V\u00f4 sinh\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00ec v\u1edbi\u00a0tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt sinh th\u1eadt di\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 Ch\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u01a1n L\u1ea1c, Ch\u01a1n Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        Khi nh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u01a1n l\u1ea1c, ch\u01a1n ng\u00e3, ch\u01a1n t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u mong \u201cch\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u1eafc\u201d.<\/p>\n

        V\u00f4 sanh\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t trong kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m sanh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00e0ng l\u00fan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi c\u1ea3 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sinh quay v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f2n h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1p b\u00f9n nh\u01a1 th\u00ec sau khi r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1p b\u00f9n th\u00ec ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ea1ch ch\u1edb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 d\u01a1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda. Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        39 V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u00f4 sanh\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt. C\u00f2n sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tam kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tam kh\u1ed5 hay b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfm. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

        Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m), h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A Na H\u00e0m), v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t). Nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec7t\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n bao tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0m\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung quanh th\u1ebf gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        V\u1eady v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Khi\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y th\u00ec B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfnh\u01b0ng\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

        40 V\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        V\u00f4 t\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hay v\u00f4 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tam kh\u1ed5 cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u00ean b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1eadt ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft sinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5\u2026nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1 ai t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00e1ch xa m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hay d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u00ednh si\u00eau hi\u1ec3n vi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con si\u00eau vi khu\u1ea9n. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0nh b\u00f3 tay kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh si\u00eau hi\u1ec3n vi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady v\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00f3m tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        V\u00f4 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do ai l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0trong v\u00f4 t\u00e1ct\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1 ai t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

        Khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e2m th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta g\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i vai. N\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n thanh nh\u00e0n th\u00ec qu\u0103ng c\u00e1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ea7y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 d\u00e0i d\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3m trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

        N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i tam kh\u1ed5, b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ra cho n\u00ean kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. M\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. Qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. V\u1eady v\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, l\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 v\u00f4\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. C\u00f2n sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfl\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean sanh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3 c\u1ea3. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u1ea7y n\u00ean Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sinh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i vui t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ra n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e8o non l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0sanh ra th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sinh. Nay ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa hay v\u00f4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0T\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n trong s\u00e1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lau ch\u00f9i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft quay v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ngay.<\/p>\n

        Th\u00eam n\u1eefa 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 vi th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

        V\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Khi\u00a0tu\u00a0theo v\u00f4 t\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a theo 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Khi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u00a0tutheo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e2m B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ai t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

        N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong su\u1ed1t 49 n\u0103m ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec cao th\u00e2m v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ee5c\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng 22 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

        Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ng\u0169 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e2n sinh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.\u00a0T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t an vui\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n sinh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 r\u1eddi nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t an vui\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y th\u00ec trong ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 Tham-S\u00e2n-Si m\u1ea1n, nghi\u2026 ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng ch\u1eef V\u00f4t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n ra. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta tham n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng tham th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eedi th\u00ec ta n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u00ean b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eedi m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. L\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt\u0111\u1eb9p cao sang l\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea th\u00edch th\u00fa b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady th\u00f4i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

        Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 an \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng\u00a0tu\u00a0theo L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 sau c\u00f9ng n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

        ——————————————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

        T\u00c1M QUY\u1ec2N S\u00c1CH Q\u00daY<\/strong>
        \nHT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa
        \nNh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

        QUY\u1ec2N 4
        \nT\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        CH\u01af\u01a0NG I:\u00a0KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
        \nCH\u01af\u01a0NG 2:\u00a0KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
        \nI. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf
        \nII. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian
        \nIII.\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m g\u00ec
        \nIV.Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb
        \nCH\u01af\u01a0NG 3:T\u1eacP\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
        \nI. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a
        \nII.Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec
        \nIII.T\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o
        \nIV.T\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c
        \nCH\u01af\u01a0NG 4:\u00a0DI\u1ec6T\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
        \nI.\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a
        \nII.Th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c
        \nIII.C\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng
        \nIV.Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n c\u00f5i th\u00e1nh
        \nV.Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
        \nVI.Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o
        \nVII.Bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
        \nVIII.M\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n
        \nCH\u01af\u01a0NG 5:\u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong>
        \nA.T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9
        \nB.T\u1ee9\u00a0ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n
        \nC.T\u1ee9\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac
        \nD.Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c
        \nE.Th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n
        \nG.B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1oL\u1edcI GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong>Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh ra c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3ng tai n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, v\u00f4 h\u1ecbeu qu\u1ea3; Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai b\u00eanh, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean: \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1edd vuii hay kh\u1ed5? C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 hay vui \u1ea5y do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ra? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng? v.v… Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3unh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u01b0a x\u1ee9ng danh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u xa\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00ec khoan c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        CH\u01af\u01a0NG I<\/strong><\/p>\n

        KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T
        \nV\u1ec0\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
        \n(Ariya Saccani)<\/p>\n

        I.- NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 HO\u00c0N C\u1ea2NH \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT TH\u00cdCH CA GI\u1ea2NG V\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0L\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1, li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111em gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ra truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho ch\u00fang sanh. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, th\u00e2m\u00a0di\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd v\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh? \u00d0\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, Ph\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0b\u1ec1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        Quan s\u00e1t c\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0tu\u00a0v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111ang\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Sau khi nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn m\u00ea l\u1ea7m tan v\u1ee1, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7\u00a0si\u00eau tho\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp qu\u1ea3\u00a0v\u1ecb\u00a0A La H\u00e1n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca.\u00a0T\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1\u00a0sau,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1\u00a0Ti\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0t\u1eebt\u1eeb) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ph\u1ed9\u00a0cho kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0\u0111em gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf ra tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        II.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A V\u1ec0\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n;\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0l\u00e0 hay\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ariya Saccani.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. V\u1edbi b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, m\u00ea m\u1edd, \u0111i d\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng sai ch\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c thi\u00eang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u0111i trong\u00a0\u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. V\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Di\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1eef \u00d0\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, cao nh\u1ea5t, bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u00e9\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

        III.-\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0G\u1ed2M NH\u1eeeNG G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0: Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        1.- Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Dukkha)<\/p>\n

        Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu, nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u0111au l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v.v… nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 d\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, bao v\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ed c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        2.- T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Sameda Dukkha)<\/p>\n

        T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nuy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian, l\u00fd do v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5i \u1ea5y? Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh; c\u00f2n T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh, l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        3.- Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Nirodha Dukkha)<\/p>\n

        Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb an l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n cam \u0111oan c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0nh th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0103n ngon, ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1ng ki\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n khoan kho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

        4.- \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0(Nirodha Gamadukkha)<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i toa thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ea ra\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecbnh mua vf\\\u00e0d nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn m\u00e0 b\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i y theo\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        IV.- B\u1ed0 C\u1ee4C K\u1ef2\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u00c2u T\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f2n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u00e1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e1i th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh bi \u0111\u00e1t n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ta, b\u00ean tai ta, ngay trong ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta; nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nghe, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, r\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt xa l\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u. \u00d0\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh, ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh, ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111au \u1ed1m, ai kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v.v… V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u mang theo t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3. \u00d0\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00edt nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

        Khi ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u1edf chung quanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, l\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xa l\u1ea1, vi\u1ec5n vong, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i vui th\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i vui th\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi vui th\u00fa m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, vi\u1ec5n vong, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i vui. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i vui m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i vui \u1ea5y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh sau. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, \u0111\u00fang t\u00e2m l\u00fd: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy x\u00e9t, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111i hay kh\u00f4ng. n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y cao qu\u00fd,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, khi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 th\u1eb3m m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 t\u01a1i b\u1eddi, trong \u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p, k\u00eau la, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, ch\u1edbi v\u1edbi…(Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Trong c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh, ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u1ea5y: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, tham, s\u00e2n, si.. nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00f4 minh\u00a0\u0111en ngh\u1ecbt, che khu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Nh\u00ecn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, ta th\u1ea5y quang c\u1ea3nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, y\u00ean t\u0129nh; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, h\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang r\u00ean si\u1ebft, kh\u00f3c than… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n cao nguy\u00ean, c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao, c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed c\u00e0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, y\u00ean vui. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, vui v\u1ebb l\u1eafm; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u1edf t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc cao th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 dung m\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t…(Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u00ecn r\u00f5, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, r\u1ea5t hay nh\u01b0:\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v.v… Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00ean, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng mang r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u00e0nh l\u00fd…(\u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

        B\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0: “Th\u1ebf gian” v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 “Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian”.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u00e2y, b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi: Th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian,\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

        V.- \u0110\u1ecaA V\u1eca QUAN TR\u1eccNG C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0TRONG TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 GI\u00c1O L\u00dd C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT TH\u00cdCH CA<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 chung cho c\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y,\u00a0tuy ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea5y. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y\u00a0tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. R\u1ed3i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd\u00a0tuth\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. C\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Nam t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u00c2u M\u1ef9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        VI.- PH\u1eacT\u00a0T\u1eec\u00a0PH\u1ea2I H\u1eccC V\u00c0 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH PH\u00c1P\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed, h\u01a1n ai c\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au r\u1ed3i, ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00e0ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, r\u00ean si\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c bi quan b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf bi quan l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa,\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u xa, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ec7n ra sau khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u00d0au kh\u1ed5 l\u00f9i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i tan \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thay v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong trong \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        CH\u01af\u01a0NG HAI<\/strong><\/p>\n

        KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
        \n(Dukkha)<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1edcI L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T BI\u1ec2N KH\u1ed4 \u0110\u1ea6Y M\u1ed2 H\u00d4I V\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1eaeT\u00a0<\/strong>
        \nC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng u\u1ed5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c mong manh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t m\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, c\u00e0ng u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1t; v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, sau c\u00e1i ph\u00fat u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

        Kh\u1ebf kinh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:\u00a0“N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang sinh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n”. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf! C\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng vui, c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i vui, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp son b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; ch\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, trong \u1ea5y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111ang b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i, h\u1ee5t l\u1eb7n, ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i, tr\u00f4i l\u0103n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A CH\u1eee KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0(DUKKHA)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, do ch\u1eef Dukkha m\u00e0 ra. “Du”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f3; “kkha” l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, kh\u00f3 kham nh\u1eabn. Dukkha ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng; ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, m\u00ecnh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u01b0: \u1ed1m \u0111au, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v.v..<\/p>\n

        “\u00d0\u1ebf” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u1ea7y n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        II.- LU\u1eacN V\u1ec0 KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0C\u1ee6A TH\u1ebe GIAN<\/p>\n

        K\u1ec3 cho h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng. Song c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra l\u00e0m ba th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 (tam kh\u1ed5) hay t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 (b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5).<\/p>\n

        1.- Ba kh\u1ed5: Ba th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0: kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

        a.- Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chung quanh l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u00e8\u00a0l\u00ean bao c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa; th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng s\u0103n s\u00f3c, r\u1eeda r\u00e1y, th\u00ec th\u1ed1i tha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafn, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t mong manh: kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 ba ng\u00e0y, ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103m ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c…th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng vong.<\/p>\n

        l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0: b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, s\u01b0u cao thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng v.v… V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        b.- Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Trong Kh\u1ebf kinh ch\u00e9p: “Ph\u00e0m v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t”. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u0169ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t; to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3. Y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, nh\u1ecf nhen nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, ph\u00f9 du! C\u00e1i b\u00faa t\u00e0n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3; m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y ta s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bao nhi\u00eau, quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf bao nhi\u00eau, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi ta. Ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi gian. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf,\u00a0t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au!<\/p>\n

        c.- H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ta b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u1eddi gian chi ph\u1ed1i, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i; c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1t\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee7, y\u00ean \u1ed5n,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0t\u1eebng ph\u00fat\u00a0t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y.\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ta c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt l\u0103ng x\u0103ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sang chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 con ng\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 con v\u01b0\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “t\u00e2m vi\u00ean, \u00fd m\u00e3”.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong k\u00edn s\u00e2u, n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c chi ph\u1ed1i, sai s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ta gi\u1eadn, ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta gh\u00e9t, ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, ta th\u00edch th\u1ee9 kia, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c ta sai s\u1eed, ra m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0do, ta b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 “H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        2.- T\u00e1m kh\u1ed5: n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 h\u01a1n, th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i. T\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1ef1u trung c\u0169ng ngo\u00e0i ba kh\u1ed5 kia.<\/p>\n

        T\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5: sanh kh\u1ed5, l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5,\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1ed5, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, o\u00e1n t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5, ng\u0169 \u1ea5m x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1m n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        a.- Sanh kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        S\u1ef1 sanh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5: Kh\u1ed5 trong l\u00fac sanh, kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        – Kh\u1ed5 trong l\u00fac sanh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh v\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ecb sanh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 thai l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfng \u0103n, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, n\u00f4n \u1ecde, d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n… Thai m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i l\u1edbn, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. \u00d0\u1ebfn khi g\u1ea7n sanh, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng sao n\u00f3i xi\u1ebft. D\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn thai \u0111i n\u1eefa, m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu d\u01a1 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, v\u00ec tinh huy\u1ebft hao m\u00f2n, ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng suy k\u00e9m. C\u00f2n r\u1ee7i b\u1ecb ngh\u1ecbch thai, th\u00ec m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 khi sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea9u, m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1eadt su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f2n con,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u thai cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. Tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, con b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 lao\u00a0t\u00f9! M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00f3i c\u01a1m, kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec con \u1edf trong thai b\u00e0o l\u1ecfng b\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 bong b\u00f3ng ph\u1eadp ph\u1ec1u. M\u1eb9 \u0103n no th\u00ec con b\u1ecb \u00e9p nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u00e8\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1edbt c\u1ed1i, kh\u00f3 b\u1ec1 c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady. \u00d0\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 sanh s\u1ea3n, th\u00e2n con ph\u1ea3i chen qua ch\u1ed7 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 \u00e9p b\u1ed1n b\u1ec3, n\u00ean khi v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, li\u1ec1n c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c vang: “kh\u1ed5 a! Kh\u1ed5 a!”. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

        Th\u1ea3o n\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u1edbi ch\u00f4n nhau,
        \n\u00d0\u00e3 mang ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ra!<\/p>\n

        – Kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, hay tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n \u0103n, th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7c, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, thu\u1ed1c men. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ea5y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n lao kham kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3i h\u00f4i, s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u1edbi mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9n g\u1ea1o, b\u00e1t c\u01a1m, manh qu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5m \u00e1o. V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, th\u00ec c\u00f3 khi su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nho nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5; \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0n tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t, hay \u0103n l\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ed7 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea5m, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafng m\u01b0a, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n m\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2u? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng: mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm, bu\u00f4n t\u1ea3o b\u00e1n t\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eaft m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u00e2u! \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i\u00a0d\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 xin \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

        Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ch\u01a1n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i gia c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ta h\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n hay\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, ta h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi trong l\u00fac ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ta c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p l\u1eafm\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1eafm khi g\u1eb7p b\u00e0i kh\u00f3, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 cao, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec h\u1ebft, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadn k\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n, kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 ! C\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac g\u1eb7p \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n m\u1eafc m\u1ecf, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tra c\u1ee9u th\u00eam, b\u1ecb b\u00edt l\u1ed1i ra, r\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m\u00a0t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1eafm khi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc. Ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, k\u1ebb n\u1ecd o\u00e1n th\u00f9, k\u1ebb kia khinh b\u1ec9… bao nhi\u00eau h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng bi\u1ebft bao nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

        T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay tinh th\u1ea7nh, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng mang theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. Sanh kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        b.- L\u00e3o kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Ca dao c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

        Gi\u00e0 nua l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau\u00a0t\u00e0n,
        \nC\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi si.<\/p>\n

        Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac gi\u00e0, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hao m\u00f2n, tinh th\u1ea7n suy k\u00e9m, n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

        – Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c: C\u00e0ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft c\u00e0ng hao m\u00f2n. B\u00ean trong, ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng, l\u1ee5c ph\u1ee7 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu \u1edbt; b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft m\u1edd, tai \u0111i\u1ebfc, m\u0169i ngh\u1eb9t, l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1edb, tay ch\u00e2n run r\u1ea9y, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u1ea3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u00e3 v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft xoay tr\u1edf th\u00ec c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m theo kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 \u0111au, nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi n\u1eafng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1t, tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u01b0a th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e9t v.v.. kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vui th\u00fa c\u1ea3!<\/p>\n

        – Kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: “\u00d0a th\u1ecd, \u0111a nh\u1ee5c”. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf,\u00a0tu\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1ee5c l\u1eafm! C\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng suy k\u00e9m th\u00ec tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng lu m\u1edd. Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh ra l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, qu\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5t sau, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ng\u00e2y d\u1ea1i: \u0103n d\u01a1, u\u1ed1ng b\u1ea9n; n\u00f3i n\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed; \u0103n r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a \u0103n, ch\u01b0a \u0103n b\u1ea3o \u0103n r\u1ed3i; c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi, n\u00f3i nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 c\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u0169 tr\u1ebb. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 “L\u00e3o kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        c.- B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kht s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111au! \u00d0\u00e3 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111au g\u00ec,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1i \u0111au l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 \u0111au r\u0103ng, nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111au tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 phung, lao v.v…\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i r\u00ean xi\u1ebft, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m kha (l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa), th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eafng c\u01a1m, ngh\u1eb9n n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, oan oan, \u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

        Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au, m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111au, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng! Cho n\u00ean ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111au l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y”. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho l\u1ee5c th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, lo s\u1ee3. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 gia quy\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed9n r\u1ecbp, b\u0103n kho\u0103n ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, qu\u00ean \u0103n qu\u00ean ng\u1ee7, bi\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, bi\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 “B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        d.-\u00a0T\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Trong b\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft th\u00ec “ch\u1ebft” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kinh h\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nghe n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh nan y nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, b\u1ecbnh h\u1ee7i, s\u1ed1ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1c ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

        – V\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c: C\u00f3 m\u1ee5c k\u00edch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh khi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, m\u1ec7t ng\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eb1n, tr\u1ee3 m\u1eaft, m\u00e9o mi\u1ec7ng, gi\u1ef1t g\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ed1t, u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh, gi\u0103ng tay, b\u1ebb ch\u00e2n… Trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y tai h\u1ebft nghe, m\u1eaft h\u1ebft th\u1ea5y, m\u0169i h\u1ebft th\u1edf, mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ebft n\u00f3i. R\u1edd th\u1eed v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh ng\u1eaft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1 nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7. X\u00e1c ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u00ecnh l\u00ean, trong r\u1ea5t gh\u00ea t\u1edfm; n\u1ebfu\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i n\u1ee9t ra, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc tanh h\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

        – V\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n: Khi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng: ph\u1ea7n x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em, con c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u0111\u00e2y \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea7n lo m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00f4 qu\u1ea1nh, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 xa l\u1ea1. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00fat chia ly v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n

        T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 tan r\u00e3, th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c theo nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn \u0111i th\u1ecd sanh \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a r\u00f5. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 “T\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        e.- \u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Trong c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i, anh em \u0111ang m\u1eb7n n\u1ed3ng, th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia ly, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 chia ly c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: sanh ly v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

        – Sanh ly kh\u1ed5: M\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e0m \u1ea5m vui v\u1ea7y, b\u1ed7ng b\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, hay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 gi\u1eb7c gi\u00e3, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t… l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01a1 v\u01a1 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i: k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3c kia nh\u1edb ch\u1edd. Th\u1eadt \u0111au l\u00f2ng x\u00f3t d\u1ea1! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Th\u00e0 l\u00eca\u00a0t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 ai n\u1ee1 l\u00eca sanh!”. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a “Sanh ly”.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0T\u1eed\u00a0bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5: Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 xa c\u00e1ch nhau ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1; ch\u1ee9 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i bao thu\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vum v\u1ea7y! V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7t ly v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea7u r\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ean \u0103n, b\u1ecf ng\u1ee7, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn,\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i toan ch\u1ebft theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a “T\u1eed\u00a0bi\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n

        f.- C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5\u00a0(th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng):<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ec5 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u00e0ng l\u1eafm. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0g\u00ec, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec qu\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm hoi, m\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u00fd, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, lao t\u00e2m, t\u1ed5n tr\u00ed, m\u1ea5t \u0103n, b\u1ecf ng\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 mong sao cho ch\u00f3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eb3ng may nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eb3ng may nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, xin n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        – Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng danh: Trong \u0111\u1eddi, danh v\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m quan t\u1eaft, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb mong c\u1ea7u danh v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ngl\u1ef1c, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfm bao m\u00f9i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng may ra m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n gia Thi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

        G\u00f3t danh l\u1ee3i, b\u00f9n pha s\u1eafc x\u00e1m,
        \nM\u1eb7t phong tr\u1ea7ng n\u1eafng n\u00e1m m\u00f9i d\u00e2u!<\/p>\n

        – Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec ph\u00fa qu\u00fd: S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng danh \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec ph\u00fa qu\u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00edt. Mu\u1ed1n cho mau gi\u00e0u, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm m\u01b0u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta; nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u01b0u gian ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed7 b\u1ec3 ra, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb\u00a0t\u00f9\u00a0t\u1ed9i, gia quy\u1ebfn b\u1ecb nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 theo, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5!<\/p>\n

        – Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec t\u00ecnh duy\u00ean: T\u00ecnh duy\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0m cho bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n? Nhan nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh duy\u00ean tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quy\u00ean sinh, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 “C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        g.- O\u00e1n t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, ch\u1eb3ng ai mu\u1ed1n chia ly; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh h\u1eddn gh\u00e9t, ch\u1eb3ng ai mong g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng o\u00e1i o\u0103m thay! \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi khi mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i chia ly; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xa l\u00eca, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung \u0111\u1ee5ng nhau h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y! C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9t nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t k\u1ebb th\u00f9, nh\u01b0 kim \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1eaft; \u1edf chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfm m\u1eadt, n\u1eb1m gai”.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1, ngay trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em, khi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, sanh ra b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu r\u1ed3i. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t nhau, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi \u0111i ra \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p nhau m\u00e3i! Quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00edn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng. \u00d0\u1ecbnh\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t giao h\u1eb3n, ng\u1eb7t v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0103n chung \u1edf l\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh, song l\u1eafm l\u00fac c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i giao thi\u1ec7p l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con c\u1eadt ru\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t nh\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1eddn gh\u00e9t c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng mong g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau thay! Hu\u1ed1ng chi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3, kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng, kh\u00e1c n\u00f2i, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t nhau r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhau th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “O\u00e1n t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

        h.- Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1i th\u00e2n\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m (n\u0103m m\u00f3n che \u0111\u1eady): s\u1eafc \u1ea5m, th\u1ecd \u1ea5m,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5m, h\u00e0nh \u1ea5m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5m. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m \u1ea5y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5. Gi\u1eefa ng\u0169 \u1ea5m \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, chi ph\u1ed1i l\u1eabn nhau. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u1ea5y, n\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

        – B\u1ecb lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u1ebb\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0m\u1ea1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1m,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111au\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lo s\u1ee3, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

        – B\u1ecb th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh, l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec3m s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 l\u1ee5y th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

        – B\u1ecb v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m: c\u00f3 ta, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4n d\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 sanh ra r\u1ea7u lo, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 “Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5.”<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        III.- \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT N\u00caU R\u00d5 NH\u1eeeNG N\u1ed6I KH\u1ed4 \u1ea4Y\u00a0\u0110\u1ec2\u00a0L\u00c0M G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u0103n kho\u0103n, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ecfi: \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec n\u00ean che d\u1ea5u b\u1edbt \u0111i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o hay ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ee9 sao l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n n\u00f3 ra l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111au kh\u1ed5? Ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng an \u1ed5n trong \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? \u00d0\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00edt s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, y\u00ean \u1ed5n trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n? \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi, sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc tr\u00ean, m\u1edbi nghe th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m khi n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

        1.- G\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 ai kh\u00f4ng \u1ed1m, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft? C\u00f3 ai su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p chia ly v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch? C\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00ecnh mong \u01b0\u1edbc? Cho n\u00ean d\u00f9 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u1ea3ot\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd\u00a0v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng cho y\u00ean \u1ed5n, th\u00ec \u1ea3o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y, s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e0ng x\u00e9 tan \u0111i m\u1ea5t! V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y, cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng quen s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea3o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ebd ho\u1ea3ng l\u00ean, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

        Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u1ea3nh Ta B\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng, bi\u1ebft b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e0y s\u00e2u cu\u1ed1c b\u1eabm, tay l\u1ea5m ch\u00e2n b\u00f9n, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00faa g\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh m\u01b0a\u00a0tu\u00f4n, n\u1eafng t\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed, quen s\u1ed1ng trong nhung l\u1ee5a, trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i nguy nga, r\u1ee7i g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed5n lo\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f4i thay b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u0111\u00e2m ra kinh h\u00e3i v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

        2.- Kh\u00f4ng tham c\u1ea7u n\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n

        Khi ch\u00fang ta r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi vui \u00edt bu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 h\u1ec5 c\u00e0ng ham mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm, khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1ebd “bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7”. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, v\u00f9i d\u1eadp ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i Ta B\u00e0\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed, r\u1ee7i b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, bi\u1ebft lo ngh\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly lao ng\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb d\u1ea1i, trong khi ng\u1ed3i\u00a0t\u00f9, ch\u1ec9 lo tranh gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n c\u01a1m th\u1eeba, canh c\u1eb7n m\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111em x\u1eed\u00a0t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm t\u00ecm k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

        3.- G\u1eafng s\u1ee9c\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

        Khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh Ta B\u00e0 \u00edt vui, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ly ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u0169 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ch\u01a1i m\u00ea m\u1ea9n trong c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u00e1y, may nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5ng cha l\u00e0nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        IV.- BI\u1ebeT KH\u1ed4 PH\u1ea2I T\u00ccM NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N SANH RA KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ec2\u00a0DI\u1ec6T TR\u1eea<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i Ta B\u00e0 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tam gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u0169ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0“Ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng an, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda”. Ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vui m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0bi\u1ebft, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

        Nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u x\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1eady s\u00f3ng, th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u00f3, xa l\u00e1nh n\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t ly, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0r\u1ed3i ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i tay ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f3c than. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly n\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5? Nh\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng y gi\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1n tr\u1eeb b\u00eanh, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi mu\u00f4n tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c b\u1ecdn phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i cho\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t, t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao v\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft ch\u00fang n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh ra kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

        Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh ra kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, m\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        CH\u01af\u01a0NG BA
        \nT\u1eacP\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
        \n(Sameda Dukkha)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        V\u00cc SAO PH\u1eacT N\u00d3I KH\u1ed4\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0TR\u01af\u1edaC V\u00c0 T\u1eacP\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0SAU?
        \nTrong Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ta B\u00e0 n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec1n n\u1ea9y ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00fang ta: V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u sanh ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y? Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd\u00a0h\u01a1n ch\u0103ng? V\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u1edf ba ph\u1ea7n: T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Ngay trong ph\u1ea7n T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

        \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t s\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n sau. N\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ngay \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: “N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i! h\u00e3y nghe ta n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2y!” N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nghe cho l\u1eafm, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng v\u00ec m\u00ea m\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh Ta B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 vui n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft tha \u0111i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, khi \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u0103n kho\u0103n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u cho ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u, t\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7m t\u00ecm xem v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u kh\u1ed5; nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

        Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/strong><\/p>\n

        T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf: T\u1eadp l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, d\u1ed3n th\u00eam m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00ean. \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, t\u00edch tr\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/p>\n

        II.- NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A \u0110AU KH\u1ed4 L\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: C\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i do c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00ea l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng x\u1ea5u xa, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sai qu\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m n\u00e3o lo\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

        Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n (84.000), n\u00f3i h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Do m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 sanh ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn (n\u00ean xem quy\u1ec3n\u00a0Tu\u00a0T\u00e2m, n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5). M\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

        1.- Tham: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tham lam.<\/p>\n

        T\u00e1nh tham c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f2m ng\u00f3, theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u01b0a th\u00edch, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, danh v\u1ecdng, mi\u1ebfng \u0103n, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v.v… r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 x\u00fai ta l\u1eadp m\u01b0u n\u1ea7y, ch\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea7m ki\u1ebfm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. \u00d0i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y, th\u00e2u g\u00f3p bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u0103m. Tham cho m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f2n tham cho b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng v\u00ec tham m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 con xung \u0111\u1ed9t; c\u0169ng v\u00ec tham m\u00e0 b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n ch\u00eca l\u00eca; c\u0169ng v\u00ec tham m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t, x\u00e2u x\u00e9 nhau; c\u0169ng v\u00ec tham m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao sanh linh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng v\u00ec tham m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

        Tham kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

        2.- S\u00e2n: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

        Khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng tham kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec s\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda d\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u00f2ng ta. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda hay t\u00e1i xanh, b\u1ed9 d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4 b\u1ec9, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng hung d\u1eef, c\u00f3 khi d\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c hay kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u1ea1 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng ta. V\u00ec n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 con, anh em xa l\u00eca, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ly t\u00e1n; v\u00ec n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ua nhau ra chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u00ec n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tan s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u00e9p:\u00a0“Nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi, b\u00e1ch v\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f4n khai”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, th\u00ec tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u1eeda nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf ra. S\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e9p:\u00a0“Nh\u1ea5t tinh chi h\u1ecfa, n\u0103ng thi\u00eau v\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c chi s\u01a1n”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3m l\u1eeda gi\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft mu\u00f4n m\u1eabu r\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, l\u1eeda s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y l\u00ean gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t thi\u00eau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        3.- Si: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 si m\u00ea, m\u1edd \u00e1m.<\/p>\n

        Si nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c,\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i tr\u00f9m l\u00ean tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i d\u1ee1, c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay. V\u00ec si m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tham, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u00e1nh tham. V\u00ec si m\u00e0 l\u1eeda s\u00e2n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0do b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda s\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho n\u00f3 ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0“B\u1ea5t \u00fay tham s\u00e2n kh\u1edfi, duy kh\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c tr\u00ec”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n: Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 si m\u00ea. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: N\u1ebfu tham, s\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t r\u1eddi l\u00ean, th\u00ec b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        Ba t\u00e1nh tham, s\u00e2n, si n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed9c; v\u00ec do ch\u00fang n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ngh\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u00fac sinh.<\/p>\n

        4.- M\u1ea1n: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao m\u00ecnh l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        T\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 khinh r\u1ebb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u1ef7 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, t\u00e0i tr\u00ed hy quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ee5c h\u1ea1 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n, khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3, h\u1ed7n l\u00e1o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ec l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn sai qu\u1ea5y, ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. M\u1ea1n: H\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt, m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
        2. Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n: \u1ef6 m\u00ecnh hay gi\u1ecfi m\u00e0 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
        3. Qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n: M\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh l\\m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n
        4. M\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
        5. T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n: Ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
        6. Ty li\u1ec7t m\u1ea1n: M\u00ecnh thua ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thua \u00edt.<\/li>\n
        7. T\u00e0 m\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0v\u1ec1 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat \u00edt th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, r\u1ed3i khinh l\u01b0\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          5.- Nghi: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin.<\/p>\n

          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ebft. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin c\u1eady giao ph\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, h\u1ecd nghi ng\u1edd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed. Ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin n\u1eefa. \u00d0\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n g\u00e2y hoang mang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tin theo. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd do d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

          Nghi c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Nghi\u00a0t\u1ef1: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nghe ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o: “Tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0nghi r\u1eb1ng: “Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?”. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng do d\u1ef1 ngi ng\u1edd \u1ea5y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tu.<\/li>\n
          2. Nghi ph\u00e1p: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nghe kinh Di \u00d0\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ed t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0t\u1eebm\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u00e2m chung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt Di \u00d0\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn sanh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c”; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i nghi ng\u1edd “Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?” Do s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tu.<\/li>\n
          3. Nghi nh\u01a1n: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “L\u00e0m l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m \u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i”; nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nghi r\u1eb1ng: “Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng”. Do s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd \u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1nh nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

            6.- Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ta.<\/p>\n

            V\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p sai l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y, n\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ta ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ta \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. V\u00ec\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean ki\u1ebfm m\u00f3n ngon, v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 cho ta \u0103n, may s\u1eafm qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p cho ta m\u1eb7c, lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 cao, c\u1eeda l\u1edbn cho ta \u1edf, th\u00e2u g\u00f3p th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u00e0nh cho ta h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1i ta \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eafm\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1i ta kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec ta. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

            7.- Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/p>\n

            Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i ta v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd sanh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00fa ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00fa, th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n ch\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n. Do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u00a0c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tu\u00a0c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n. L\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecda Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o”.<\/li>\n
            2. \u00d0o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p \u00d0o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec h\u1ec5 t\u1eaft th\u1edf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa; t\u1ed9i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, n\u00ean m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u00e1c\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. H\u1ecd\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea3o: “Tu\u00a0nh\u01a1n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft; hung h\u0103ng, b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eaft th\u1edf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n”.C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed3n l\u00f2ng, ngh\u1ecbch \u00fd, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh duy\u00ean tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft \u0111au kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u00e9n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, hay d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft r\u1ed7i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft! L\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, kinh Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u00d0o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o”.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              8-. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

              Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sai qu\u1ea5y, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh vi, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, ai n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng nghe.<\/li>\n
              2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 v\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u00e1i hay v\u00ec c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u:Bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 d\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u00e1i, c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u00e1i sai c\u00e1i d\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 theo t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, nay con ch\u00e1u v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1u l\u1ec9nh: “X\u01b0a sao nay v\u1eady”, hay “X\u01b0a b\u00e0y n\u00e0y l\u00e0m”. Hay nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi con ch\u00e1u, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thay ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i, c\u1ed5\u00a0t\u1ee5c h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i m\u00e3i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed, h\u1ec5 trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft heo b\u00f2\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u00fang ki\u1ebfn; khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1m tang, g\u00e1nh theo nh\u1eefng con heo quay to\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1; m\u1ed7i khi\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0hay k\u1ef5 gi\u1ed7, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1t gi\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n kho ph\u01b0\u1edbn, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u00fang t\u1ebf t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 v.v… Ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7\u00a0t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 “Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7” c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                9.- Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi r\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 r\u0103n c\u1ea5m n\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec1u khi th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, d\u00e3 man, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1 d\u1eb1n b\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, n\u1eb1m ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, leo l\u00ean cao nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng, gieo m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, hay nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n, hay nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a anh ch\u00e0ng V\u00f4 N\u00e3o, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00f3n tay x\u00e2u l\u00e0m chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

                10.- T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p theo l\u1ed1i t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, nh\u01b0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdp, b\u00ecnh v\u00f4i, \u00f4ng t\u00e1o, xin x\u00e2m, b\u00f3i qu\u1ebb, bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4m,\u00a0\u0111eo ni\u1ec7t, coi sao, c\u00fang h\u1ea1n v.v… N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                III.- T\u00c1NH CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A M\u01af\u1edcI M\u00d3N C\u0102N B\u1ea2N PHI\u1ec0N N\u00c3O\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                T\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau: c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nhanh nh\u1eb9n, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p; c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt; c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m kh\u01a1i kh\u01a1i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c; c\u00f3 th\u1ee9\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng danh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c…<\/p>\n

                1.- Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed:<\/p>\n

                M\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c: th\u00e2m, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u1eadp Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed”.<\/p>\n

                Ki\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c; S\u1eed l\u00e0 sai khi\u1ebfn. M\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebft S\u1eed, v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cho ra kh\u1ecfi ba c\u00f5i v\u00e0 sai s\u1eed ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ed9n trong v\u00f2ng sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i,\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp n\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

                Tuy\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t sai s\u1eed, tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0\u1eddi Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, th\u1ee9 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, th\u1ee9 mau l\u1eb9, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chia ch\u00fang ra l\u00e0m hai th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi hai t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0: L\u1ee3i s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed9n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. L\u1ee3i s\u1eed: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ea5t lanh l\u1eb9,\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0sanh kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf (l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 lanh l\u1ee3i). L\u1ee3i s\u1eed g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m l\u00e0: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn Bi\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn, Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee7, Gi\u1edbi C\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, T\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
                2. \u00d0\u1ed9n s\u1eed: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1m, sanh kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m, s\u00e2u xa, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb (\u0111\u1ed9n l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t). Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ed9n s\u1eed g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0: Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, M\u1ea1n, Nghi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 d\u00e2y nh\u1ee3, xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m hay c\u1ee9ng, b\u1edf hay dai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0li\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0ch\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eeda c\u1ee7i, chia c\u1ee7i ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0b\u1eeda v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 b\u1eeda; lo\u1ea1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0b\u1eeda th\u00ec d\u00f9ng b\u00faa nh\u1ecf, lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 b\u1eeda th\u00ec d\u00f9ng b\u00faa l\u1edbn; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7t ch\u00fang l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ee3i Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

                  2.- Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n

                  Ch\u1eef Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y mong manh c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t, ch\u1ec9\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o (th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd) th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                  2. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn (v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v.v… m\u00e0 sinh ra; hay do l\u1ea7m nghe theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ta s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 sinh ra.N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ea l\u00fd, do v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p (ch\u1ea5p sai) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c sanh ra. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi ch\u00fang n\u00f3\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u1eeb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf m\u1ecdc kh\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ec5 d\u1eaby (ph\u00e1c) th\u00ec h\u1ebft, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c” (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c).T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c hay Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 do m\u00ea ly m\u00e0 sanh, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb khi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    M\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, hay Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu\u00a0\u0111em ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ebf trong ba c\u00f5i, th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ra t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                    \u00d0\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                    M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0: Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, M\u1ea1n, Nghi, Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                    Trong ba c\u00f5i (D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi), m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ebf (kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o), m\u1ed7i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c (m\u00ea l\u1ea7m) chung hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ebf: Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u00d0\u1ea1o. Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c. T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c (v\u00ec tr\u1eeb Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7). \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c (tr\u1eeb Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn). B\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                    C\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, song \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i \u00d0\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1eeb ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n S\u00e2n (v\u00ec hai c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vui trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 S\u00e2n) n\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c. Hai c\u00f5i hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c; c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ra t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m m\u00f3n Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c.
                    \nB\u1ea2N PH\u00c2N T\u00c1CH T\u00c1M M\u01af\u01a0I T\u00c1M M\u00d3N KI\u1ebeN HO\u1eb6C:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    I.- D\u1ee4C GI\u1edaI: C\u00f3 32.<\/p>\n

                    – Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 10:<\/p>\n

                    a.- Tham.
                    \nb.- S\u00e2n.
                    \nc.- Si.
                    \nd.- M\u1ea1n.
                    \ne.- Nghi.
                    \nf.- Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn.
                    \ng.- Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn.
                    \nh.- Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7.
                    \ni.- Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7.
                    \nj.- T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.
                    \n– T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 7:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, tr\u1eeb Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7.
                    \nDi\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 7:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.
                    \n\u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 8:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0tr\u1eeb Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Bi\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn.
                    \nII.- S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI: C\u00f3 28.<\/p>\n

                    – Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 9:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb S\u00e2n.
                    \nT\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 6:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb S\u00e2n.
                    \nDi\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 6:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb S\u00e2n.
                    \n\u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 7:<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb S\u00e2n.
                    \nIII.- V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI: C\u00f3 28.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                    S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1eeb S\u00e2n, l\u00e0 v\u00ec hai c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y \u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c, n\u00ean S\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

                    Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3. T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u00edt h\u01a1n (c\u00f3 7) l\u00e0 v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n. Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7. \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8.<\/p>\n

                    3.-\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n

                    Trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u0103n s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, m\u1ea1n (b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1eed) th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c. Theo t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. N\u00f3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, do m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 sanh; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0103n, m\u1eb7t, \u1edf ( s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac) sanh tham gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                    2. S\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi tr\u1eeb d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3, n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e2u sanh ho\u1eb7c”. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng s\u00e2u k\u00edn, v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i sai\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\u00a0tu\u00a0tr\u00ec, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf c\u00fa, ph\u1ea3i ra c\u00f4ng moi \u0111\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1edbi nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

                      T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean C\u00e2u sanh ho\u1eb7c, do s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u00e0 sanh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e1n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                      M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n n\u00e0y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u1edf ba c\u00f5i, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                      M\u01af\u1edcI M\u00d3N\u00a0T\u01af\u00a0HO\u1eb6C:<\/p>\n

                      – D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n: Tham, San, Si, M\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                      – S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba: Tham, Si, M\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                      – V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba: Tham, Si, M\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                      (Hai c\u00f5i sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

                      B\u1ed1n th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m ba h\u1ea1ng: h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc trung; h\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc h\u1ea1. M\u1ed7i h\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m ba b\u1eadc hay ba ph\u1ea9m n\u1eefa (th\u01b0\u1ee3n, trung, h\u1ea1), c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      B\u1ea2N PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH M\u01af\u1edcI M\u00d3N\u00a0T\u01af\u00a0HO\u1eb6C CHIA L\u00c0M CH\u00cdN PH\u1ea8M:<\/p>\n

                      I.- TH\u01af\u1ee2NG:<\/p>\n

                      – Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
                      \n– Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung.
                      \n– Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

                      II.- TRUNG:<\/p>\n

                      – Trung th\u01b0\u01a1ng.
                      \n– Trung trung.
                      \n– Trung h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

                      III.- H\u1ea0:<\/p>\n

                      – H\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
                      \n– H\u1ea1 trung.
                      \n– H\u1ea1 h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

                      Ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n cho ba c\u00f5i (g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba) th\u00e0nh ra 81 th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

                      BI\u1ec2U \u0110\u1ed2 81 M\u00d3N\u00a0T\u01af\u00a0HO\u1eb6C<\/p>\n

                      BA C\u00d5I:<\/p>\n

                      I.- D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

                      – Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9 t\u1ea1p c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \nII.- S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

                      – S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, ly sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n– Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n– Tam thi\u1ec1n ly h\u1ef7\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n–\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0thi\u1ec1n x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \nIII.- V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

                      – Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n– Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n– V\u00f4 s\u1ee1 h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \n– Phi phi\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba: 9 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \nC\u1ed9ng: 9 \u0111\u1ecba, Th\u00e0nh 81 ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                      VI.- T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT \u00dd NGH\u0128A V\u1ec0 KI\u1ebeN HO\u1eb6C V\u00c0\u00a0T\u01af\u00a0HO\u1eb6C<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (do \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 sanh)\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u sanh (ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh) th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                      L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ea l\u00fd,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111u\u1ee3c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c. nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ea s\u1ef1, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c. \u00d0o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1ebft c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c;\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf gian th\u00ec c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c, h\u00e0nh vi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                      \u00d0o\u1ea1n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh Thanh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n(Xem ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa).<\/p>\n

                      S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0: tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfm, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                      Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00f3n sau, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 l\u1ee3i s\u1eed; c\u00f2n n\u0103m m\u00f3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                      \u00d0\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u00a0Tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong khi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, chia m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00ean l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                      1.- Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o (ch\u00e2n l\u00fd) m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                      2.- Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u00a0tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.
                      \nV\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai m\u00f3n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m, c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m m\u00f3n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1i l\u1ea7m \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t th\u00f4,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. \u00d0o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb3c trong ba c\u00f5i, th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7ng qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n (Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u). \u00d0\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ph\u1ea9m\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

                      V\u1ec1\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c th\u00ec c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n: tham, s\u00e2n, si man. C\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i c\u00f3 ba (v\u00ec tr\u1eeb s\u00e2n). C\u1ed9ng chung l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c. V\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u00f4 vi t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n ra c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ra ba ph\u1ea9m n\u1eefa l\u00e0: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

                      Trong ba c\u00f5i c\u00f3 chia ra l\u00e0m ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0th\u00f4\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf, c\u1ed9ng chung ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e0nh ra t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c(1)<\/p>\n

                      Ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t th\u00f4, c\u00f2n hai c\u00f5i tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n vi t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c vi t\u1ebf d\u00e2y, chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong c\u00f5i, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      PH\u1ea6N PH\u1ee4 CH\u00da<\/p>\n

                      T\u1ee9\u00a0\u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y, chung t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                      Nh\u01b0ng theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u00d0\u1ea1\u1ecb th\u1eeba th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i hai ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hay Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb hai ho\u1eb7c sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                      \u00d0\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y hai lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

                      1.- Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c: Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i. C\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c qu\u1ea3 A la H\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Ki\u1ebfn Ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. C\u00e1i ch\u01a1n tr\u00ed \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, n\u00ean sanh t\u00e2m ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n, th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, c\u1ee9 tr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng thu t\u1ecbch, th\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ra h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 sanh (v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p, m\u00ea l\u1ea7m th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng).<\/p>\n

                      2.- V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c: V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m. Th\u1ee9 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 m\u00ea l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

                      C\u1ee9 theo l\u1ed1i\u00a0tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i hai \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f4 minh. khi m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Th\u1eadp t\u00edn r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 (10 v\u1ecb) ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh (3 \u0111\u1ee9c: Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t), ch\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u1ecb S\u01a1 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb; cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5. B\u01b0\u1edbc qua Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh (10 v\u1ecb), Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng (10 v\u1ecb) v\u00e0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba (10 v\u1ecb) c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb. Cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t; l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 minh r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i hai l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3\u00a0Di\u1ec7u\u00a0gi\u00e1c (Ph\u1eadt). L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c th\u1ebf gian to\u00e0n minh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m Trung thu, bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e2y m\u1edd v\u1eb9t h\u1ebft, t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                      Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd: Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0trong ba c\u00f5i. C\u00f2n Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c th\u00ec chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i. \u00d0o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd ph\u1ea7n sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, ra ngo\u00e0i tam gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u01a1n, ch\u00fang nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba: Thanh v\u0103n, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c. \u00d0o\u1ea1n Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. \u00d0o\u1ea1n\u00a0t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt v\u00f4 thu\u1ee3ng. X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0khi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u xa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      GHI CH\u00da:
                      \n(1)\u00a0S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f3n, lo\u1ea1i hay th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadm hay nh\u1ea1t, m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      CH\u01af\u01a0NG B\u1ed0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      DI\u1ec6T\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
                      \n(Nirodha Dukkha)<\/p>\n

                      SAU KHI N\u00d3I V\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG DI\u1ec6N \u0110AU KH\u1ed4 XONG, \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT N\u00d3I V\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG DI\u1ec6N AN L\u1ea0C<\/p>\n

                      Sau khi gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 xong, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n an l\u1ea1c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c dau khi d\u1ea1y xong Kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 T\u1eadp, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, bi quan. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o gieo v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn! K\u1ebb bi quan, ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00f3i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i tay ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3c than, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecding\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u xa, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, an vui h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, bi quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea1c quan, v\u00ec c\u00f2n tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi huy ho\u00e0ng, an l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ee5c, h\u1ebft m\u00ea m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                      C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                      I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

                      Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t. Di\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00ea m\u1edd, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00fd l\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn do tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t soi th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh. Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1eef Pali g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0“Nirodha Dukkha”\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00ea m\u1edd. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00ea m\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft trong T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                      Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 t\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1edb\u00ed cho h\u1ebft c\u00e1i r\u1ec5 \u0103n s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                      Trong khi Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0“C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, v\u00ed t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, v\u1eady c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n. Khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ch\u1ed5 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb cho ch\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o n\u1edbi b\u1ecf. \u00d0\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft, m\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n”.<\/p>\n

                      Th\u1ebf cho bi\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh. M\u00e0\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

                      L\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1eady. Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft g\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i phao; c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng d\u00ecm n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                      II.- TH\u1ee8 L\u1edaP \u0110O\u1ea0N HO\u1eb6C<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i T\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 mong manh, c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1ea5y, n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u1ea7nt\u1ef1, theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00f3 hai l\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

                      1.- Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n

                      Nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y, khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i t\u00e0 s\u01b0, s\u1ef1\u00a0tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Minh s\u01b0, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u00ec li\u1ec1n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean n\u00e3o n\u1ea7y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c”.<\/p>\n

                      2.-\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n

                      Nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y, khi\u00a0tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, s\u00e2u k\u00edn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, s\u1ef1 say \u0111\u1eafm nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, tham, gi\u1eadn, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v.v… \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ea7y, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng phu\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0d\u1ebbo dai, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c”.<\/p>\n

                      III.-C\u00c1C T\u1ea6NG B\u1eacC\u00a0TU\u00a0CH\u1ee8NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u00d0o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o cho\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0hi\u1ebbu. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc\u00a0tu\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m qua c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0th\u1ea5p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn cao.<\/p>\n

                      1.-\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Gia H\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n

                      Mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi xa c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft, xoay t\u00e2m \u00fd,\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh,\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt v.v… c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o s\u1ebd tan h\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m m\u00f3n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, c\u00f4ng phu\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp.\u00a0T\u1eeb\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0b\u1ed1n gia h\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. No\u1ea3n v\u1ecb: No\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng; v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a, khi mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng hai thanh c\u1ee7i tre c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nhau; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eeda s\u1eafp b\u1eadt l\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t ra h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u1eeda tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng l\u1eeda tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “No\u1ea3n v\u1ecb”.<\/li>\n
                      2. \u00d0\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb: \u00d0\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ch\u00f3p cao. Qua kh\u1ecfi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n No\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. \u00d0\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n ch\u01b0a r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u00f3p n\u00fai m\u00ea l\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
                      3. Nh\u1eabn v\u1ecb: Nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1ecbn, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1eabn y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh l\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y, tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ef1c y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u0103ng x\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                      4. Th\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0nh\u1ea5t v\u1ecb: B\u1eadc n\u1ea7y cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng phu r\u1ea5t to t\u00e1t, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 con\u00a0di\u1ec1u\u00a0gi\u1ea5y bay li\u1ec7ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0do qua l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee3i gi\u00e2y gai nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i gai kia l\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec1u\u00a0bay lu\u00f4n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf nh\u00edt sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u00f4n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n gia h\u1ea1nh n\u1ea7y,\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn hay ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Phi phi\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7ng qu\u1ea3\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

                        2.-\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n:<\/p>\n

                        Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 D\u01b0 l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3 (d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh). \u1ede qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1eefa, song th\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y phen sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0n\u1eefa, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdt s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u1ea7m k\u00edn, n\u1eb1m n\u00e9p trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                        3.-\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m:<\/p>\n

                        Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phen sanh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t cho s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c A Na H\u00e0m. Tr\u00ean kia, qu\u1ea3\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng phu\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0n\u1eefa\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c, m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc n\u1ea7y.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c, m\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f2n ba ph\u1ea9m n\u1eefa ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e1u ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f2n ba ph\u1ea9m s\u00e2u k\u00edn b\u00ean trong ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t phen\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n cho h\u1ebft ba ph\u1ea7n sau, m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                        4.- A Na H\u00e0m:<\/p>\n

                        Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c n\u1eefa). Khi c\u00f2n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, m\u1edbi sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb A na h\u00e0m n\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y n\u1eefa, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh. V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n thi\u00ean hay Ng\u0169 na h\u00e0m. V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch xa ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c.\u00a0Tuy th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang trong m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m vi t\u1ebf c\u00e2u sanh c\u1ee7a hai c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0luy\u1ec7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1ee9t cho h\u1ebft vi t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c, m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n (T\u01b0\u00a0ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0T\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c, A na h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00eam ba ho\u1eb7c;\u0111\u1ebfn A La H\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft).<\/p>\n

                        5.- A La H\u00e1n:<\/p>\n

                        \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t, trong Thanh V\u0103n Th\u1eeba. Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. \u1ee8ng c\u00fang: V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang sinh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
                        2. Ph\u00e1 \u00e1c: V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u00fang khu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 sai s\u1eed tr\u00f3i vu\u1ed9v n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n
                        3. V\u00f4 sanh: V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb xoay v\u1ea7n trong sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Trong ba ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y, V\u00f4 sanh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong ch\u1eef A La H\u00e1n. V\u1ecb n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngay ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7m th\u1ea7m k\u00edn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. Cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00e1p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb\u00a0d\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng ra v\u00e0o trong A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                          T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0r\u1ed3i g\u00e2y n\u00ean v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3g kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p n\u1eefa l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh “\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t” c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eafm n\u1ed7i th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m v\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                          V\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, lo bu\u1ed3n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i chi ph\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u1ea3 ph\u00f9 dung, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh nghi\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ra v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ti\u1ec7m h\u00fat l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi b\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i n\u1eefa. A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Phi phi\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                          Song qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n c\u0169ng chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ef1c,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 lanh l\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. B\u1ea5t h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9n A La H\u00e1n: l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n tr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ec7 t\u1ecbch,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa ch\u00ed v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xoay v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/li>\n
                          2. H\u1ed3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i A La H\u00e1n: l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n l\u1ee3i c\u0103n l\u1ee3i tr\u00ed, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xoay v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00e3n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            IV.- GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca (DI\u1ec6U\u00a0D\u1ee4NG) C\u1ee6A B\u1ed0N C\u00d5I TH\u00c1NH<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            B\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng phu\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 c\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ngay trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7A m\u00ecnh (kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1edbi), m\u00e0\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. H\u1ec5 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd sanh qua th\u1ebf gian kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 kia \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                            Khi ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi “Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n”. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “Tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7m (t\u01b0\u00a0ho\u0103c) c\u1ee7a A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o s\u00e2u hay c\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                            \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb “Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n” l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng (c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng: Nh\u00e3n l\u1ef1c soi th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 sanh h\u00f3a trong th\u1ebf gian bao la hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                            2. Thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng: Nh\u0129 l\u1ef1c nghe kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                            3. Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng: T\u00e2m l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, s\u1edf c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                            4. T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng: Tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c hay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                            5. Th\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00fac th\u00f4ng: C\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, hai l\u00e0 trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              N\u0103m ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng n\u1ea7y,\u00a0tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u, song ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u00d0i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 “L\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng”. L\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1eefu l\u1eadu l\u00e0m ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sanh\u00a0t\u1eed. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eadu T\u1eadn Th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                              V.- DI\u1ec6T\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0T\u1ee8C NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              Kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n d\u1ea1y:\u00a0“C\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u k\u00edn \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. V\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh \u1ea5y,\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n na hay N\u00ea ho\u00e0n l\u00e0 do d\u1ecbch \u00e2m ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Nirvana m\u00e0 ra. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                              – Ni\u1ebft (Nir) l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi; B\u00e0n (vana) l\u00e0 r\u1eebng m\u00ea, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng m\u00ea.<\/p>\n

                              – Ni\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng; B\u00e0n l\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec c\u00f2n\u00a0d\u1ec7t ra sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0d\u1ec7t ra sanh\u00a0t\u1eed. V\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0d\u1ec7t ra sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

                              Ch\u1eef B\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, song t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ba ngh\u0129a: B\u1ea5t sanh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                              – B\u1ea5t sanh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh ra, kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                              – Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c huy\u1ec5n ng\u00e3, huy\u1ec5n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

                              – T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. V\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, an l\u00e0nh, d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c m\u00ea l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                              V\u00ec l\u1ebd Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nguy\u00ean \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

                              Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ean kia\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ea3. Song v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 chia ra l\u00e0m hai th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

                              1.- H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n).<\/p>\n

                              T\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ba A na h\u00e0m,\u00a0tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0a\u00a0tuy\u1ec7tdi\u1ec7u,\u00a0tuy \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng an vui, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n,\u00a0tuy an vui ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y. V\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0trong n\u0103m b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi; song ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c, n\u00ean \u1edf trong sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

                              2.- V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n).<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft c\u00e2u sanh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eaft h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ba c\u00f5i: D\u1ee5c, S\u1eafc, v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                              VI.- NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 danh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0chung cho c\u1ea3 hai th\u1eeba \u1ea5y. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. V\u1eady n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi, n\u00f3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 hai ch\u1eef Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o hay ch\u01b0a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba (Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba)\u00a0tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n n\u00ean Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng A La H\u00e1n \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p tr\u00ean, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

                              1.- V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n:<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. C\u00e1c A La H\u00e1n, do\u00a0tu\u00a0nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 “Tam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c”, ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p g\u00ec c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, do \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1n cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u, kh\u1ed5, vui, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sanh ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 o\u00e1n, th\u00e2n, b\u1ec9, th\u1eed, \u01b0a, gh\u00e9t. H\u1ec5 c\u00f2n tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng theo s\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng,\u00a0\u0111em t\u00e2m h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i tha.\u00a0Tuy l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i tha, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n. Qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u01b0 h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5). Do \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng ra v\u00e0o sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1edf trong Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                              2.- T\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n:<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddg s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t n\u01a1i ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh. Trong kinh c\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng v.v…<\/p>\n

                              N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh theo\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y,\u00a0t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sai.<\/p>\n

                              M\u1ea1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ea5u tr\u1ea7n che l\u1ea5p, th\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u00fang sanh tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                              Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u1ed9\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 h\u1ebft v\u1ecdng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                              –\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean b\u1ed5ng xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed5i thay.<\/p>\n

                              –\u00a0L\u1ea1c\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, lo bu\u1ed3n. ”<\/p>\n

                              –\u00a0Ng\u00e3\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m hay ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

                              –\u00a0T\u1ecbnh\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

                              Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea7m\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1nh “Ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng” n\u1ea7y v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian; t\u00e1nh “Ch\u01a1n l\u1ea1c” v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edcht\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch c\u00f2n che \u0111\u1eady m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u00ean trong; t\u00e1nh “Ch\u01a1n ng\u00e3” v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee7 trong nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi,\u00a0t\u1ef1ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y mai; t\u00e1nh “Ch\u01a1n t\u1ecbnh” v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

                              V\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng, cao c\u1ea3\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c; Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh n\u00ean t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n cao qu\u00ed t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba trong khi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                              VII.- BI\u1ec6N MINH V\u1ec0 NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              T\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n qu\u00e1 cao th\u00e2m, n\u00ean hay g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u01a1 thi\u1ec3n b\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi hay l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u00ecnh dung Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c, n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

                              Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean d\u0129 nhi\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                              M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m n\u00f3 \u0111ang nh\u1edfn nh\u01a1 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong h\u1ed3, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 quen\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i du l\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u1ec1. N\u00f3 li\u1ec1n ch\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

                              – Ch\u00e0o anh! \u00d0\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0l\u00e2u t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p anh. V\u1eady x\u01b0a r\u00e0y anh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

                              – \u1ed2! T\u00f4i \u0111i du l\u1ecbch\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u1ec1. Tr\u00ean \u1ea5y, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o qu\u00e1!<\/p>\n

                              – \u00d0\u1ea5t kh\u00f4! Anh n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u1ea1 v\u1eady? T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u00e0o k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4?<\/p>\n

                              – Xin th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi anh \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00f9y anh, kh\u00f4ng ai ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh; nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng m\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

                              – N\u00e0y anh, anh h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i nghi r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a anh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eafm. Anh vui l\u00f2ng cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng! N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

                              – Th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

                              – Th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                              – Th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0b\u1ecb \u00e9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1eady vi v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1i\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng trong \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n \u00e9p\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y, anh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                              – Th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                              – V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u0169i s\u00f3ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 d\u00e2ng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, con c\u00e1 v\u00eanh v\u00e1o\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc than r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

                              – T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng v\u1eeba h\u1ecfi anh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o anh c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. \u00d0\u1ea5t anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00eau ra, v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ngoan kh\u00f4ng. Anh \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ecbp t\u00f4i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                              – T\u1ed1t! Anh \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0anh ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c tin nh\u01b0 anh \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t mai, c\u00f3 ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho anh th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y anh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng anh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 ng\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

                              T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o n\u1ebfu Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tich di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

                              Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tich di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tam t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1edbi h\u01b0 v\u00f4 l\u00e0 con\u00a0\u0111\u1ebb\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nghe n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “Di\u1ec7t”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed9i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ngay “Di\u1ec7t” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng “Di\u1ec7t” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. M\u00e0 khi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec an vui t\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh, m\u00ea l\u1ea7m di\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t t\u1ecf l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng: Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

                              Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ca\u00a0t\u1ee5ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n xem Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c “th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o” kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf, trong kinh V\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0 (V\u00e9da) c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0d\u00f9ng danh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cao th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o cho ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o cho ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tham \u00e1i \u1edf c\u00f5i S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9; Phi phit\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f2n \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng tam gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. B\u1edfi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft theo v\u1ecdng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng sanh di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft\u00a0d\u1ec5hi\u1ec3u, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1eddng soi, soi m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng” (t\u1ecbch nhi th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu, chi\u1ebfu nhi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

                              M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u00d0\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng Ram Linsen \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec3n Le\u00a0Destin du XX si\u00e8cle (v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i) nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: “Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t v\u00f4 t\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00edch.\u00a0Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o”.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, vi\u1ec5n v\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng theo\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. M\u00ea mu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh;\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0tin m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3. \u00d0\u1ec3 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tham, s\u00e2n, si v\u00f4 minh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. G\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00f4 minh n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c cho h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1n b\u1ecf b\u00f9n nh\u01a1 noi n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi ly n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                               <\/p>\n

                              VIII.- M\u1ed8T M\u1eaaU CHUY\u1ec6N V\u1ec0 NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, trong kinh Samitha Nikaya (T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m) Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                              “C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111em n\u1ea1p cho nh\u00e0 vua. Mu\u1ed1n giam gi\u1eef n\u00f3, nh\u00e0 vua ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1edf n\u1eafp r\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3 ra b\u1ed1n con r\u1eafn d\u1ed9c. Con th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y tay m\u1eb7t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n; con th\u1ee9 hai qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y tay tr\u00e1i t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n; con th\u1ee9 ba qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y ngang h\u00f4ng v\u00e0 con th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0qu\u1ea5n quanh c\u1ed5 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                              M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh, li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

                              – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, ch\u1edb n\u00ean c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn. N\u1ecdc con r\u1eafn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 cho th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1; n\u1ecdc con r\u1eafn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau ra nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; n\u1ecdc r\u1eafn th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tan ra nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n \u0111i; n\u1ecdc con r\u1eafn th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

                              T\u00ean tr\u1ed9m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

                              – Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i! Nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y l\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y n\u00f3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0g\u1ee1 b\u1ed1n con r\u1eafn \u1ea5y,\u00a0\u0111em b\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong r\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eady n\u1eafp l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i mau mau ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                              N\u00f3 l\u00e0m theo.<\/p>\n

                              Hay tin, nh\u00e0 vua li\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho n\u0103m tr\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111u\u1ed5i theo b\u1eaft t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m.<\/p>\n

                              N\u00f3 r\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh khi n\u00e3y h\u00f4 to:<\/p>\n

                              – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y th\u1eadt mau l\u00ean! C\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo sau l\u01b0ng k\u00eca! Ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3 ra b\u1ed1n con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0r\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c, t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m li\u1ec1n d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u00e1u c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeb\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u00e1u t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0o v\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

                              S\u00e1u t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u0103m t\u00ean l\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i h\u00f4 to l\u00ean n\u1eefa:<\/p>\n

                              – Ng\u01b0\u00f2i r\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1y mau l\u00ean! B\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0 l\u00ednh nh\u00e0 vua s\u1eafp\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed7i, t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo \u00e2u, v\u00ec t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghe thuy\u1ec1n chi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1y n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y t\u00e1m c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y kh\u00f4, k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u00e8,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u01a1i \u0111i tr\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                              L\u00e0m b\u00e8 xong, n\u00f3 b\u01a1i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed7i th\u00ec g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n c\u00f9 lao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gh\u00e9 l\u00ean, nhng d\u00f2m ngo\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau, th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00e0 theo. N\u00f3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c b\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f9 lao th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n t\u00f4n n\u00f3 l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo sau n\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u00e0 vua \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p; t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o; b\u1ed1n con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i; n\u0103m t\u00ean l\u00ednh, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n; s\u00e1u c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng sau khi b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u c\u0103n; s\u00e1u t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n; t\u00e1m c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u00e8, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o; b\u1ed1n c\u00f9 lao, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n b\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh; l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo sau, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ebb g\u1ea3y b\u00e1nh xe lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i”.<\/p>\n

                              M\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1ea7y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu b\u1ecb m\u00e0n v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ea theo v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vui, nh\u1eadn x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1c g\u00ec k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m nh\u1eadn r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd nh\u00e0\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u1ecb r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c\u00a0d\u1ebbo dai\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

                              Ch\u00fang sinh khi c\u00f2n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u00ec gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m\u00a0t\u00f9\u00a0trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                              B\u1ed1n c\u00f9 lao m\u00e0 t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 n\u1ea7y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 cao, c\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb9p, n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 cao.<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, th\u00ec ba qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u:\u00a0Tu\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n,\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, A na h\u00e0m l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t\u00a0di\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t, m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                              So v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a A La H\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch, ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p h\u00e3y c\u00f2n, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu, c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh\u00a0tu, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                              Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 T\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                              Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 s\u01a1 qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y so v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u1eadt, c\u00f2n xa c\u00e1ch mu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n,\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u0103n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                              Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ecnh th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong ph\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                               <\/p>\n

                              CH\u01af\u01a0NG N\u0102M<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
                              \n(Nirodha Gamadukkha)<\/p>\n

                              N\u00d3I T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe
                              \nNh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00e0i\u00a0T\u1ee9di\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i an vui t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                              \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea9m, chia ra l\u00e0m b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. B\u1ed1n m\u00f3n Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (T\u1ee9\u00a0Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9).<\/li>\n
                              2. B\u1ed1n m\u00f3n Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n (T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n
                              3. B\u1ed1n m\u00f3n Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac (T\u1ee9\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac).<\/li>\n
                              4. N\u0103m C\u0103n (ng\u0169 C\u0103n).<\/li>\n
                              5. N\u0103m L\u1ef1c (Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c).<\/li>\n
                              6. B\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0(Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n
                              7. T\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                A.-\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A V\u1ec0\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                T\u1ee9\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n; Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129; X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7, b\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00e0 k\u1ebb\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00e2m nh\u1edb ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Qu\u00e1n Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                                • Qu\u00e1n T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
                                • Qu\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/li>\n
                                • Qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  1.- Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                                  Qu\u00e1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o. B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch. Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ta.<\/p>\n

                                  N\u00f3i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cho l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

                                  Trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec qu\u00fd b\u00e1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc n\u00f3, n\u00e2ng niu n\u00f3, cung ph\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc n\u00f3 trong h\u00e0ng l\u1ee5a, l\u00e0, g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta che ch\u1edf n\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 cao c\u1eeda l\u1edbn; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc th\u00ec ai m\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                  Song b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh m\u00e0 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3. Ngay\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u thai, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do hai th\u1ee9 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tinh v\u00e0 m\u1eabu huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t con h\u1ed9 tr\u00f9ng, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu, r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, n\u1eb1m l\u1eabn trong m\u00e1u me nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

                                  V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c n\u00f3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1eb1m co r\u00fat trong \u0111\u00f3 cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i chun theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9.\u00a0T\u1eeb\u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft g\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt c\u00e1, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ngon v\u1eadt l\u1ea1, m\u1edbi nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh khi b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, ngay\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u xa, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eafm \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, r\u00edt r\u1eafm; c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0a s\u00fac, \u0111\u00e3 nghe c\u00f3 m\u00f9i r\u1ed3i. Trong th\u00e2n, ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u, gh\u00e8n, r\u00e1i, m\u0169i, d\u00e3i…l\u1eafm chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ec1 trong th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i d\u01a1 h\u01a1n th\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n. Khi m\u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0, con heo ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a, ru\u1ed9t non, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, tim, gan, ph\u00e8o, ph\u1ed5i, bong b\u00f3ng… nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00f4i th\u00fai, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                                  \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i khi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n khi \u0111au \u1ed1m l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n: n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0m, n\u00e0o m\u0169i, th\u00fai tha tanh h\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nan y nh\u01b0 lao, c\u00f9i, giang mai, hoa li\u1ec5u, th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi tr\u1ebb, c\u00f2n khi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c r\u0103ng long, l\u01b0ng c\u00f2m, da nh\u0103n, m\u00e1 c\u00f3p, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1edbp nh\u00faa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                  \u00d0\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0thay l\u1edbn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp c\u0169, th\u00ec da th\u1ecbt r\u00e3 r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng\u0111em ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t cho k\u00edn, th\u00ec ru\u1ed3i b\u1ecd, s\u00e2u, gi\u00f2i r\u00fac r\u1ec9a, m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u00fai x\u00f4ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                                  V\u1eady c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi y\u00eau qu\u00fd n\u00f3, c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u: h\u1ec5 th\u00e2n \u01b0a th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u01b0a, th\u00e2n gh\u00e9t th\u00ec m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t; l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho th\u00e2n, g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si n\u1ed5i l\u00ean; c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m sinh ra; c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, \u1ef7 ng\u1eef, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh. Tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, c\u0169ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ra.<\/p>\n

                                  V\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t r\u00f5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p tham \u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

                                  X\u01b0a \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, khi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec t\u00ecm\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecf x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi l\u00e2m(*)\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0qu\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i “C\u1eedu\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1n” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y s\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbng to l\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                                  2. Thanh \u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 n\u1eafng xanh x\u00e1m.<\/li>\n
                                  3. Ho\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y b\u1ecb r\u00e3 n\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
                                  4. Huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u01b0, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt r\u01a1i r\u1edbt lai l\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
                                  5. N\u1ed3ng l\u00e3nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y ch\u1ebft da th\u1ecbt r\u1ee5c r\u00e3.<\/li>\n
                                  6. H\u00e1m\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, qu\u00e1n chim th\u00fa\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed5 \u0103n th\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
                                  7. T\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, qu\u00e1n sau khi chim th\u00fa \u0103n, g\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh, tay ch\u00e2n chia tan n\u00e1t v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n
                                  8. C\u1ed1t\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, qu\u00e1n huy\u1ebft th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i.<\/li>\n
                                  9. Thi\u00eau\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng: Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, qu\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh tro \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    Ch\u00edn ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea7y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                                    M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, th\u00ec k\u1ebb\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng, ham mu\u1ed1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbnh tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gh\u00ea t\u1edfm th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, sau khi qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i, th\u1ea5y gh\u00ea t\u1edfm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft \u0111i. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

                                    Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u1ecdn n\u1eef s\u1eafc m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean ma sai\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: “Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u00fai kia \u0111\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n kia, h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111i, ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng!”. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra quang\u00a0tuy\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, tim, gan, ph\u00e8o, ph\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ebf giai nh\u00e2n, qua \u1ed1ng r\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfng. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u00fang ta quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1i\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0 , l\u00e0 l\u1edbp da b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong th\u00ec b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu qua quang\u00a0tuy\u1ebfn X, th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb5n kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u tr\u1eafng ph\u1ebfu \u0111ang n\u1eb1m l\u0103n l\u00f3c ngo\u00e0i b\u00e3i tha ma.<\/p>\n

                                    H\u1ee1i Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed! N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p “qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh”; n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng say m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y ra bao nhi\u00eau tai h\u1ea1i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh.<\/p>\n

                                    2-. Qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n

                                    T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i thay, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ta \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 hay c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                                    Th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a “S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0”. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, r\u1ed3i sanh l\u00f2ng \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea1ch \u1ea5y. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. D\u1ee9t cho h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa, th\u00ec th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ra, v\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi sanh ra c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u1ecd cho nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                    C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng duy c\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nghe nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf: c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n, khi nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, khi l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, khi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, khi vui khi bu\u1ed3n, khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi gh\u00e9t, khi chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, khi t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n duy\u00ean… th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch,\u00a0t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t c\u1ee9 d\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eef c\u1ee9 d\u1eef. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3,\u00a0tu\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                    V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p kia, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n “T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng”,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sanh ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1nh tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn v.v…\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u do ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 sanh ra c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                    L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean chi chi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o: “T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, hay tham lam”; “T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i hay \u0111a m\u00ea \u0111\u1eddn ca x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e1t”; “T\u00e1nh t\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8”.<\/p>\n

                                    H\u1ecd cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00e2m tr\u00ed theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                    V\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i “t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng” \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ra c\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

                                    3.- Qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3:<\/p>\n

                                    Ph\u00e1p, theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dharma. Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 tr\u00ec, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 vu\u00f4ng, d\u00e0i, tr\u00f2n, m\u00e9o…\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn, li\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a, s\u1eebng th\u1ecf, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                    C\u00f2n Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                    \u00d0\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, h\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh ra t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e3, b\u1ec9 th\u1eed, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng, khinh r\u1ebd, tranh ch\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                    Song, x\u00e9t ra cho k\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3 “t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng”. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh, sanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec7t… n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2u! Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n, ngo\u00e0i c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, d\u00f9 c\u0103n, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

                                    trong kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu sanh, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ly, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chia r\u1ebd, th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho nhau, in\u00a0tu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng,\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” (kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

                                    V\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi\u00eam bao hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea7y c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam bao, c\u0169ng l\u1ea7m\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i trong chi\u00eam bao. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, v\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Trong khi t\u00e2m duy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n ra gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”.<\/p>\n

                                    Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00fd “ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”, cho n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u00edch th\u00edch, trong b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, quay cu\u1ed3ng theo s\u1ef1 m\u00faa r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf,\u00a0tuy mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n an vui m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong v\u00f2ng sanh\u00a0t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                                    N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. C\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i chi m\u00e0 gh\u00e9t, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu sanh\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                    Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i\u00a0tu\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

                                    4.- Qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

                                    Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu, nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh. Th\u1ecd thi kh\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec? V\u00e0 v\u00ec sao nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5?<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 sau:\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, ta th\u1ecd c\u00e1i \u0103n, th\u1ecd c\u00e1i m\u1eb7c, th\u1ecd c\u00e1i \u1edf, th\u1ecd s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac; th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ta kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1, th\u00edch th\u00fa, vui v\u1ebb. V\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1eafm.\u00a0T\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1i th\u1ecd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ta ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ecd \u00edt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ecd xa x\u1ec9, th\u1eeba th\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u00f3i quen g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t, tham lam, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf? n\u00e0o sanh, n\u00e0o l\u00e3o, n\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh, n\u00e0o\u00a0t\u1eed, n\u00e0o y\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca, n\u00e0o o\u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v.v… th\u1eadt l\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng do th\u1ecd m\u00e0 ra nh\u01b0: nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec cho l\u00e0 qu\u00fd th\u00ec n\u01a1m n\u1edbp s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t, lo t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y, ch\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i? Ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa? Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i, m\u1ea5t \u0103n b\u1ecf ng\u1ee7. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng th\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y. K\u1ebb gi\u00e0u th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t danh v\u1ecdng…<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u1ecd m\u00e0 may g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa d\u1ea1 trong ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecd m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi, thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u00edt, m\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ta ng\u1eeda tay mong nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ta ! Do \u0111\u00f3, sanh gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

                                    \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “Th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5”. Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u1ea7y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tham l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

                                    V\u1eady Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta, mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u00e1nh tham, ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n “th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5”. ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5; c\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm, c\u00e0ng \u00edt l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00e0ng \u00edt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0x\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0x\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i \u0111i d\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3. C\u00e0ng x\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, vui th\u00fa, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u01b0\u1edbng; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh g\u00ec th\u00ec g\u00e1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec vai c\u00e0ng \u0111au, ch\u00e2n c\u00e0ng m\u1ecfi, \u0111i c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm; t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc\u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00f9i ngon, v\u1ecb l\u1ea1 v.v… th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lay \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an nhi\u00ean\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

                                    “T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9” l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong ph\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0:\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p trong s\u1ea1ch;\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t;\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eefu;\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng thu nh\u1eadn tom g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec sung s\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

                                    – Th\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3y \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e2ng niu ch\u00ecu chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                                    – T\u00e2m th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                    – Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                                    – Th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n; ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, th\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i; ta th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1edf chung quanh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i, nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e0ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                    V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, ghi nh\u1edb b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, tham, s\u00e2n, si l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                    Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u00e0ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o, th\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4n trong \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0sau n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c v.v… m\u1edbi d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh v\u00e0 ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                    (*)\u00a0\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau, ch\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                                    B.-\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0CH\u00c1NH C\u1ea6N\u00a0<\/strong>
                                    \nNh\u1edd\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gia c\u00f4ng, c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                                    Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                    Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gia c\u1ed3n g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n, c\u00e1i c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh l\u00e0 an vui v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gia c\u00f4ng, s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9,\u00a0d\u1ebbo dai v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                    H\u01a1n ai c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m xa l\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1ul\u00e0nh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n” m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                                    I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0CH\u00c1NH C\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p si\u00eang n\u0103ng tinh t\u1ea5n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p tinh t\u1ea5n \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. Tinh t\u1ea5n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n
                                    2. Tinh t\u1ea5n d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n
                                    3. Tinh t\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n
                                    4. Tinh t\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      II.- QUAN NI\u1ec6M V\u1ec0\u00a0\u0110I\u1ec0U\u00a0L\u00c0NH V\u00c0\u00a0\u0110I\u1ec0U\u00a0D\u1eee TRONG \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/strong>
                                      \nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh tr\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1eef, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1eef. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1ug\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                      Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ee3 v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                      V\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 ra b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef. Ngay trong \u00fd ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef r\u1ed3i. Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ba n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sanh c\u1ee7a l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef l\u00e0: th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1eef, hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh, ngay khi ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u1edf trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                      (Xem l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n trong kh\u00f3a nh\u00ec)<\/p>\n

                                      III.- N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0CH\u00c1NH C\u1ea6N<\/p>\n

                                      1.- Tinh t\u1ea5n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n

                                      T\u00e2m m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a m\u00f3ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, \u0111\u1eebng cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c m\u0169i con tr\u00e2u, k\u1ec1m n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng cho \u0103n l\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n

                                      – Khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i s\u0103n b\u1eafn,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ea5y th\u1ecbt r\u1eebng c\u1ee5ng ly \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00e9n v\u1edbi b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129: “ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tam quy, tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd d\u00e1m qu\u00ean l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a nguy\u1ec7n, s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u!”. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c s\u0103n b\u1eafn n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                      – Khi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m gian l\u1eadn, mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp m\u01b0u k\u1ebf l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec1n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: “C\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, th\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 vui! V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ai, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh d\u00e1m qu\u00ean l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n?” Sau khi ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh m\u01b0u k\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                      – Khi m\u00f3ng t\u00e2m hoa nguy\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ec ch\u00ed gi\u1eeb g\u00ecn ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh”. V\u00e0 do \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng hoa nguy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                      – Khi mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ngay th\u1eadt, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eeb cho tr\u1ecdn l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                                      N\u00f3i t\u00e1m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta m\u00f3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 s\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u0129a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ngay nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, si m\u00ea len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a: ng\u0103n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng ng\u00f5, b\u1ecf\u00a0t\u1ee7, kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho k\u1ebb gian v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                                      S\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng cho\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trong\u00a0t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na,\u00a0t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat,\u00a0t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng,\u00a0t\u1eebng n\u0103m n\u1ea7y sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c an nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, tinh t\u1ea5n\u00a0d\u1ebbo dai, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

                                      2.- Tinh t\u1ea5n d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n

                                      Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, lu m\u1edd, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecf l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u00f9i r\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sinh trong th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady, tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i \u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, c\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng mau, c\u00e0ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n si\u00eang n\u0103ng tinh t\u1ea5n. \u00d0\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n

                                      – S\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                      – Tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                      – T\u00e0 d\u00e2m l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i ren trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mang ti\u1ebfng x\u00e2\u00f9u h\u1ed5, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                      – N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                                      – N\u00f3i th\u00eau\u00a0d\u1ec7t l\u00e0m chia l\u00eca \u00e2n ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

                                      – N\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee1i hai chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

                                      – N\u00f3i l\u1eddi hung \u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a1 mi\u1ec7ng m\u00ecnh, sau chi\u00eau l\u1ea5y h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

                                      – Ham mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c (tham) th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu m\u00e3i, c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n nh\u1ecdc tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

                                      – Gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn\u00a0t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i, l\u1eeda s\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 c\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau r\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau tan.<\/p>\n

                                      – Si m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, m\u1edd \u00e1m ch\u00e2n l\u00fd g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                      X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3t l\u1ee1 sanh, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o ch\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, \u0111\u1eebng cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i n\u1ea9y nh\u00e1nh n\u1eefa. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                                      3. Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n

                                      Nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh hay\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, hay thi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed bao nhi\u00eau, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho ta v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh c\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi h\u00f2a nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u00a0t\u00fang, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea7n ch\u1edd, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m ngay. Ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta, bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e2u\u00a0t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: “\u00d0\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t”.\u00a0(L’enfer est pav\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0bonnes intentions). Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 mang theo xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                                      V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang v\u1eeba m\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi trong t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea7n ch\u1edd, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0th\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, m\u1edbi \u00e2n h\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh g\u00ec c\u1ea3, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                                      4.- Tinh t\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n

                                      Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng cho th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1eeba, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                      Khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i; m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t s\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh theo gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 v\u1eeba chu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng sinh n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba “ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c”, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba “tu\u00a0thi\u1ec7n”, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng Tinh t\u1ea5n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0thi\u1ec7n cho th\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, cho th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                      III.- \u00dd NGH\u0128A R\u1ed8NG L\u1edaN V\u00c0\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0CH\u00c1NH C\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                      Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 theo cho \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p si\u00eang n\u0103ng n\u1ea7y l\u00e0: ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t sinh; th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u00e0nh v\u1eeba m\u1ed1ng l\u00ean \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, ti\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

                                      C.-\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NH\u01af \u00dd\u00a0T\u00daC\u00a0<\/strong>
                                      \nSau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi (T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9), \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1ecf \u00e1c theo thi\u1ec7n (T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m nh\u1eafm theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ngang nh\u00ecn ng\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n, \u00fd ch\u00ed, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00fd m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                      Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n “T\u1ee9\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac”, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                                      I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NH\u01af \u00dd\u00a0T\u00daC<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      T\u1ee9\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c tam ma \u0111\u1ecba (Samadhi: ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh), v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p. “Nh\u01b0 \u00fd” l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n. “T\u00fac” l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1a m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1a cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi l\u00fd do \u1ea5y, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0th\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00fac. Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u x\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 25 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: “V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00fac? V\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c linh\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0th\u00f9 th\u1eafng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u”.<\/p>\n

                                      B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac<\/li>\n
                                      • Tinh t\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac<\/li>\n
                                      • Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac<\/li>\n
                                      • Qu\u00e1n Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        II.- N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NH\u01af \u00dd\u00a0T\u00daC<\/strong>
                                        \n1.- D\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac: D\u1ee5c l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n. Mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft tha, mong mu\u1ed1n cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mong mu\u1ed1n cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. \u00d0\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n “d\u1ee5c”, c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n?<\/p>\n

                                        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ee9 mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng th\u00fa t\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, n\u00ean di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb. C\u00f3 th\u1ee9 mong mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd, thanh cao, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 mong mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0tu,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ee9 mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft tha, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh tan quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m cho r\u1eb1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eadt ra di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ham mu\u1ed1n x\u1ea5u xa\u00a0\u0111\u00ea\u00a0h\u00e8n, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i s\u00fac sanh, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng mong \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n sau n\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd tr\u00fat c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u1eafm, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0tu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                        2.- Tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac:<\/p>\n

                                        Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh, chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0tu. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. S\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebd\u00a0bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ra c\u00f4ng, g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ec1n t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u00ed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh, th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                        Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t, b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda r\u01a1m. Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong kinh Di Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: “… Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda, c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i,\u00a0tuy mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”.<\/p>\n

                                        V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u00fd m\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                                        3.- Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac:<\/p>\n

                                        Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0o gi\u1edd t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb chia nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ee9c ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb y\u1ebfu. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t gi\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c xoi th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, th\u00ec mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh. Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0“Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef b\u1edd\u00a0\u0111\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o\u00a0tu\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1edb cho t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng”.<\/p>\n

                                        4.- Qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac:<\/p>\n

                                        Qu\u00e1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0tu. Qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed \u1ea5y do \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh, tr\u00ed \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed. V\u00ec t\u1ecbnh cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a (ch\u00e2n l\u00fd) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (v\u0169 tr\u1ee5).<\/p>\n

                                        III.- T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT \u00dd NGH\u0128A V\u00c0\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ee8\u00a0NH\u01af \u00dd\u00a0T\u00daC<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        S\u1edf d\u0129 D\u1ee5c, Tinh t\u1ea5n, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh, th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh, h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                        B\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n n\u1ea5c thanh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo nhau,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a hanh gi\u1ea3\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu m\u00ea m\u1edd,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, do\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng mong mu\u1ed1n (D\u1ee5c), cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh (Tinh t\u1ea5n); nh\u1edd s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh, n\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ti\u00eau, t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t (Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m), nh\u1edd t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e3nh l\u1ee3i (Qu\u00e1n), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 tan c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

                                        Khi v\u00f4 minh h\u1ebft, th\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau, h\u1eb1ng sa tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, khi tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n\u00a0t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea6y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

                                        D.- NG\u0168 C\u0102N, NG\u0168 L\u1ef0C\u00a0<\/strong>
                                        \nTrong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y m\u00f3n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m phu\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 trong ba th\u1eeba. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3. V\u1eady Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u00ec h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                        I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A NG\u0168 C\u0102N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        Ng\u0169 c\u0103n l\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u0103n. C\u0103n \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

                                        Lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u00d0\u1ed9, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng: “N\u0103m c\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 c\u0103n”. N\u0103m c\u0103n \u1ea5y l\u00e0: T\u00edn c\u0103n, T\u1ea5n c\u0103n, Ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n, \u00d0\u1ecbnh c\u0103n, Hu\u1ec7 c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

                                        II.- N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A NG\u0168 C\u0102N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        1.- T\u00edn c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                        L\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. L\u00f2ng tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, v\u00f4\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. L\u00f2ng tin \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con\u00a0\u0111\u1ebb\u00a0c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0tin m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1edfi\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u00ed x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Tin l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c”. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0tin c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0tin Tam B\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

                                        – Tin Ph\u1eadt: Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng theo Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                                        – Tin ph\u00e1p: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh. Ch\u00fang ta tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u1ea5y, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                        – Tin T\u0103ng: T\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb thay Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a cao ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang sinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

                                        2.- T\u1ea5n c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                        T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n. T\u1ea5n c\u0103n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh tinh t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1i lui. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00ecnh tin, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng tin su\u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                        V\u1eady cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tin Tam B\u1ea3o, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.Theo Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tinh t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

                                        –\u00a0B\u1ecb gi\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mang \u00e1o gi\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mang \u00e1o gi\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0khi x\u00f4ng pha v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba “phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o”, kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ma qu\u00e2n h\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00e1o gi\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 gian nan nguy hi\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                        –\u00a0Gia h\u1ea1nh tinh t\u1ea5n: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng ngh\u0129 tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u1edbi th\u1ee9 tinh t\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng h\u0103ng, c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea5n ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

                                        –\u00a0V\u00f4 h\u1ef7\u00a0t\u00fac tinh t\u1ea5n: V\u00f4 h\u1ef7\u00a0t\u00fac tinh t\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00e3n, cho l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 khi m\u1edbi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00f2n gia c\u00f4ng g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c\u00a0tu\u00a0luy\u1ec7n m\u00e3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, vui th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh khi ch\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec c\u00f2n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch an ph\u1eadn \u1edf m\u00e3i trong qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

                                        3.- Ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                        Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. Ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

                                        –\u00a0Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edb\u00a0tu\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nh\u1edb\u00a0\u0111em t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng;\u00a0\u0111em h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i;\u00a0\u0111em ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi si m\u00ea, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui.<\/p>\n

                                        –\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edb tr\u00ec t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh. Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadt nghi gi\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4 x\u1ea5u, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01a1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
                                        2. Nhi\u1ebfp thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng quy\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo n\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
                                        3. Nhi\u00eau \u00edch h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch an l\u1ea1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          –\u00a0Th\u1ee9 ba ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean: Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: “Thi\u00ean ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 b\u00f3n m\u00f3n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh”. V\u1eady ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1edb\u00a0tuc\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0g\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

                                          4.- \u00d0\u1ecbnh c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                          \u00d0\u1ecbnh hay t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 do d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dhyana (Thi\u1ec1n na). \u00d0\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u1eafng t\u00e2m y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3suy \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m ba b\u1eadc:<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. An tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u00d0\u1ec3 t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 phi\u1ebfn n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb.<\/li>\n
                                          2. D\u1eabn ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh: Do \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh s\u00e1u m\u00f3n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f9 th\u1eafng.<\/li>\n
                                          3. Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: Do \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh; c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sanh\u00a0t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            5.- Hu\u1ec7 c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                            Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. C\u0169ng theo Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            1. V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gia h\u1ea1nh hu\u1ec7: Qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gia h\u1ea1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gia h\u1ea1nh hu\u1ec7”.<\/li>\n
                                            2. V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hu\u1ec7: Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gia h\u1ea1nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c. Do kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00ea v\u1ecdng. Nh\u1edd tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/li>\n
                                            3. V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc hu\u1ec7: Hay h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u1edd h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 thi t\u00e1c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              III.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A NG\u0168 L\u1ef0C<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, hu\u1ec7 c\u0103n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 do thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh. N\u00f3 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

                                              Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u0103m th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 c\u0103n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0hi\u1ec3u: Ng\u0169 c\u0103n nh\u01b0 n\u0103m c\u00e1nh tay, c\u00f2n ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u00e1nh tay \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                              IV.- TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N V\u00c0 N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A NG\u0168 L\u1ef0C<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              1.- T\u00edn l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

                                              T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao, vi\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0do t\u00edn c\u0103n ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

                                              2.- T\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

                                              T\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ea5n, hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y do t\u1ea5n c\u0103n ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

                                              3.- Ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

                                              T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb, hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

                                              4.- \u00d0\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

                                              T\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

                                              5.- Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

                                              T\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hu\u1ec7 c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

                                              N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1\u00a0tu\u00a0luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 c\u0103n. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u1eadt l\u00ean sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ecd s\u00e1t hai c\u00e2y c\u1ee7i v\u00e0o nhau\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

                                               <\/p>\n

                                              V.-\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee6A NG\u0168 C\u0102N V\u00c0 NG\u0168 L\u1ef0C<\/p>\n

                                              Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 hai c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f9 th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

                                              B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p (t\u1ea5n), h\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn\u00a0tu(ni\u1ec7m), t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1eeb s\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,\u00a0\u0111em\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0hu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (hu\u1ec7)\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc trong tay qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i (Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c) do Ng\u0169 c\u0103n g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n linh l\u1ee3i,\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u0103ng r\u1eebng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u00d0\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh gieo m\u1ea7m an l\u1ea1c. Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c,\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sinh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                              K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tu\u00a0theo hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                              \u00a0E.- TH\u1ea4T B\u1ed2\u00a0\u0110\u1ec0\u00a0PH\u1ea6N\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ng\u0169 c\u0103n, ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1\u00a0t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00ec\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y, Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n “Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n” c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong “T\u1ee9\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac” hay “Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c”.<\/p>\n

                                              I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A TH\u1ea4T B\u1ed2\u00a0\u0110\u1ec0\u00a0PH\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0do phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Boddhi m\u00e0 ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, hay \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 g\u00edac ng\u1ed9. Ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n,t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1, hay b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                              N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi. “Gi\u00e1c:\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f2n “Chi”\u00a0t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eady. Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y nh\u00e1nh, b\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                              II.- TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N V\u00c0 N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A TH\u1ea4T B\u1ed2\u00a0\u0110\u1ec0\u00a0PH\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

                                              1.- Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

                                              Tr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn; Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh. Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu, ph\u00e1p d\u1eef\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u00e1nh. Trong s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ed, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0“H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 suy nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3i tr\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tin th\u1ecd, th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh theo”. N\u1ebfu\u00a0tu\u00a0l\u1ea7m, tin ch\u1ea1,\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u00f3 nguy h\u1ea1i g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tuh\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghe ai b\u1ea3o g\u00ec tin n\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i: “\u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3”; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i dung dung h\u00f2a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ed9n s\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1nh, t\u00e0, ch\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y; ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01a1n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                                              2.- Tinh t\u1ea5n:<\/p>\n

                                              Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i gian lao kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00e3n,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0cao m\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf b\u00e0i ng\u0169 c\u0103n).<\/p>\n

                                              3.- H\u1ef7:<\/p>\n

                                              Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7. Nh\u1edd tinh t\u1ea5n\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3, sanh t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n ch\u00ed\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                              4.- Khinh an:<\/p>\n

                                              Khinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. An l\u00e0 an \u1ed5n. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tinh ti\u1ebfn\u00a0tu\u00a0t\u1eadp n\u00ean th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh; do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, khoan kho\u00e1i, khinh an, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, m\u00ea m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                                              5.- Ni\u1ec7m: (C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef ni\u1ec7m trong m\u1ea5y b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n

                                              Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nh\u1edb ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ta, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t sanh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng hoa, th\u00ec c\u1ecf m\u1ecdc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1edb ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eebng cho xao l\u00e3ng bu\u00f4ng lung ngh\u0129 b\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                                              6.- \u0110\u1ecbnh: (C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ea5y b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n

                                              Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111ang\u00a0tu.<\/p>\n

                                              7.- X\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

                                              Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn. X\u1ea3\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n Thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

                                              III.- H\u00c0NH X\u1ea2 NGH\u0128A L\u00c0 TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft “th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, d\u00f9 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u bao nhi\u00eau. Ngay trong s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tu, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i say \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng, th\u00ec su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1. Kinh Kim Cang s\u1edb c\u00f3 n\u00f3i:\u00a0“Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n qua s\u00f4ng, khi thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf n\u00f3\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00ean b\u1edd, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng h\u00f2ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eafm say”.<\/p>\n

                                              Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                              T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                              – T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

                                              – T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

                                              – V\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tu\u00a0thi\u1ec7n, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00e1c, n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                              – S\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                               <\/p>\n

                                              G.- B\u00c1T CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ea0O<\/p>\n

                                              Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y m\u00f3n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

                                              S\u1edf d\u0129 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u0103n c\u01a1, m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ai ai c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y trong s\u1ef1\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0do\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, an vui,\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                               <\/p>\n

                                              I.- \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u00e1m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay th\u1eb3ng hay t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed\u00a0di\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o” l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u00e1nh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a ch\u00ednh sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

                                              C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 “B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o” v\u00ec c\u00e1i\u00a0di\u1ec7u\u00a0d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, noi theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y m\u00e0\u00a0tu, th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o n\u1ebbo nguy hi\u1ec3m, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh.<\/li>\n
                                              2. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Hi\u1ec1n, Th\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
                                                • Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  II.- N\u1ed8I DUNG V\u00c0 GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca M\u1ed6I TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong>
                                                  \n1.- Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

                                                  Ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ngay th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn; Ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn hay Ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, nghe, hay, bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngay th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111en, x\u1ea5u l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, d\u1edf l\u00e0m hay, hay tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ng\u0103n che hay l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1i n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3, v\u1eadt d\u1ed1i, th\u00ec m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa; c\u00f2n khi r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt th\u1eadt, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ch\u00e2n, th\u00ec chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00fd ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho\u00a0\u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi, ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng che \u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                                  2.- Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy:<\/p>\n

                                                  T\u01b0\u00a0duy l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e9t; n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh,\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ph\u00e9p Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0duy, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e9t ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, suy t\u00ecm th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u, bi\u1ebft x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u xa\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i; bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ba m\u00f3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; bi\u1ebft suy x\u00e9t v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                  3-. Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef:<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i; Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, ngay th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0theo ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i sai, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, th\u1ea5y d\u1edf n\u00f3i hay, kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, nghe m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ng\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 coi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng. X\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng\u00a0T\u1eed\u00a0v\u00e0o vi\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 mi\u1ebfu, th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1eb9p mi\u1ec7ng ba l\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i day l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

                                                  – B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau g\u1eb7p nhi\u00e8u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, bi\u1ebft tin theo l\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0tu?<\/p>\n

                                                  Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n

                                                  – Ch\u1eb3ng lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ai mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec c\u1ee9 tin theo m\u00e0\u00a0tu.<\/p>\n

                                                  V\u1eady, ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin theo v\u00e0 t\u1eadp n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                  4.- Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n

                                                  Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Karma m\u00e0 ra. Nghi\u1ec7p hay Karma ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch co ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn v\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng , gi\u1eef g\u00ecn m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u1ec1n ghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, danh gi\u00e1, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh quy\u1ec1n l\u1eddi hay t\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, khi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ee5ng kinh h\u00e0nh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd ba nghi\u1ec7p cho thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                                                  5.- Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

                                                  M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 sanh s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ngay th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng gian tham, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u00ean m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u00e1t c\u01a1m m\u00ecnh \u0103n kh\u00f4ng, manh \u00e1o m\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i, s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n\u00a0t\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ecf ni\u1ec7m v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u, an vui v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

                                                  6.- Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n:<\/p>\n

                                                  Ch\u1eef tinh t\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh (xem b\u00e0i\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u00f4i (xem \u0111o\u1ea1n “T\u1ea5n c\u0103n” trong b\u00e0i Ng\u0169 c\u0103n).<\/p>\n

                                                  N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu xu\u1ea5 th\u1ebf gian, l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed l\u00e0m m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ec5, mu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u1eddi, quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng phu, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9, sau h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f4\u0129 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

                                                  7.- Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n

                                                  Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef ni\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc). Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, nh\u1eefng\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng cao si\u00eau.<\/p>\n

                                                  Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. Ch\u00e1nh \u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m: l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 nh\u1edb\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 nh\u1edb\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0tr\u1ecdng \u00e2n: \u00e2n cha m\u1eb9, \u00e2n t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 \u00e2n Tam B\u1ea3o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0lo b\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
                                                  2. Ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi x\u00e9t ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh, m\u00ea m\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111ang m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i,\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft ra tay c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, n\u0103ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o; b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i t\u00e2m xao l\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                    8.- Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                                                    Ch\u1eef “\u00d0\u1ecbnh” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0g\u00ec,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3th\u1ea5y cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                                    –\u00a0Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh\u00a0(b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1n):\u00a0t\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1eeb tham d\u1ee5c, sai \u00e1i (xem l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n: “qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” trong b\u00e0i\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9).<\/p>\n

                                                    –\u00a0Qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi\u00a0(t\u1eeb\u00a0bi qu\u00e1n): l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

                                                    –\u00a0Qu\u00e1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u00a0(nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean qu\u00e1n): l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p, duy\u00ean nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ngu si, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                                                    –\u00a0Qu\u00e1n gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u00a0(gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n): ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi: s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 “ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p” ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u di\u00eath tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                                                    –\u00a0Qu\u00e1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf\u00a0(s\u1ed5\u00a0t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n:) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 q\u00faan\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                                    Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. S\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch, hay c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong ba \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00e2n: N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean\u00a0tu\u00a0theo t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, th\u00ec s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u00ea m\u1edd, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean, h\u00e0nh vi s\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n. Khi nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u00ean n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9.<\/li>\n
                                                    2. [C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh: N\u1ebfu trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ai ai c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean\u00a0tu\u00a0theo t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gian s\u1ebd an l\u00e0nh, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2u x\u00e9, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
                                                    3. Ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean\u00a0tu\u00a0theo t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, gieo tr\u1ed3ng cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ng\u00e0y sau g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u00fd b\u00e1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin khuy\u00ean m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0h\u00e0y ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft\u00a0tu\u00a0theo B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                       <\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ed4NG K\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba bi\u1ebft qua n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0, hay ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y m\u00f3n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0:\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea5n,\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u00a0t\u00fac, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft b\u1ed1n b\u00e0i trong m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng, th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed. V\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00ednh m\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, tr\u00ed\u00a0tu\u1ec7, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; nh\u1eefng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ki\u1ec7n, th\u00ectu\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi\u00a0tu\u00a0th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kia\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau, tr\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh cho nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1eady Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00fang ta\u00a0tu\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eadm hay nhanh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                                                      H\u1ee1i qu\u00ed v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1eed! M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 trong ba th\u1eeba,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu\u00a0h\u00e0nh cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e0n con Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang canh c\u00e1nh \u00f4m \u1ea5p b\u00ean l\u00f2ng tr\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0bi m\u00e0 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh l\u00fd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i do d\u1ef1, ch\u1ea7n ch\u1edd hay th\u1ed1i th\u00e1c!
                                                      \nV\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y mau mau c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u00a0—————————————————————————————————–<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                      T\u1ee8 DI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ebe
                                                      \nAjahn Sumedho – D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh H\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

                                                      Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u
                                                      \n\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ajahn Sumedho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 theo t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf T\u00edch Lan v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00e1. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ajahn Sumedho g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 sinh ra \u1edf Seattle, Washington n\u0103m 1934. \u00d4ng r\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964, xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-Kheo \u1edf Nong Khai, mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ajahn Chah, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n trong r\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Wat Nong Pah Pong \u1edf Ubon. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ajahn Chah n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e3n d\u1ecb, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p. Ajahn Sumedho \u0111\u00e3 tu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i T\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 Anh Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft qua t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf. C\u0169ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y, minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho n\u0103m v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e0y nay th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ajahn Sumedho c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Ajahn Sumedho \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u1ecfi tinh hoa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o l\u00fd th\u00fa cho nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. Tuy v\u1eady to\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u00ec trong l\u00fac gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu n\u00ean c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Trong v\u0103n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 ch\u1eef kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ‘as it is’ ho\u1eb7c ‘as they are’; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 ‘nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0’, ‘nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0’ ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ‘hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3’; c\u00f2n ch\u1eef insight \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf cu\u1ed1i trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n anh V\u0169 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng e r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi v\u0103n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o sai s\u00f3t k\u00ednh mong qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu hoan h\u1ef7 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                      Melbourne, 10\/12\/1999
                                                      \nD\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh H\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

                                                      Chuy\u1ec7n M\u1ed9t N\u1eafm L\u00e1<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Kosambi trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y simsapa. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm l\u00e1 kh\u00f4, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 Kheo, ‘N\u00e0y, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? c\u00e1i n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 Ta nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tay hay nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y r\u1eebng’<\/p>\n

                                                      ‘Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tay \u00edt h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1 l\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n’.<\/p>\n

                                                      ”\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn v\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 \u00edt th\u00f4i. T\u1ea1i sao Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n? B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt (\u0111au kh\u1ed5), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (\u0111au kh\u1ed5), s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn, cho s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i sao Ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y. V\u00ec sao Ta tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt (\u0111au kh\u1ed5), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (\u0111au kh\u1ed5), s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap cho tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn, cho s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 : \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.’ [Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, LVI, 31]<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u1eddi N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

                                                      Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tu ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ajahn Sumedho v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n

                                                      Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 qua T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 528 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n (Samath g\u1ea7n Varanasi) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ajahn Sumedho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t gia n\u0103m 1966 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tu Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Amaravati, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng ni v\u00e0 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                                                      Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

                                                      Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n Kinh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1eeb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ec1<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u1ea3 ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc qua cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i d\u00e0i tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf.
                                                      \n[Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, 16]<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf trong Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n Kinh l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh cho s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o xem gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tinh hoa c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                                      M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Varanasi. Sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodh Gaya), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 su\u1ed1t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.’<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – c\u1ee9 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy v\u1eady trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, Brahma Sahampati, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. Brahma Sahampati \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00fat \u00edt b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec5m \u00edt b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – t\u00f4i c\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                                                      Sau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Brahma Sahampati, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n r\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodh Gaya) l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Varanasi. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m k\u00edch d\u00e1ng m\u1ea1o r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 n\u00e0y h\u1ecfi ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?’ v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: ‘Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n’<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh sau khi nghe xong \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 sao n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n?’<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u1eadt ra, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 am hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00f4i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. ‘T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n’ nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t sao? L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y: ‘Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n’, r\u1ea5t l\u00fd th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ‘Ta l\u00e0’ v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                                      Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n. N\u0103m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u1eaft khe. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. N\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ee5c k\u00edch Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0103n c\u01a1m s\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0103n c\u00e0-rem ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y tu \u0111ang \u0103n c\u00e0-rem, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y tu \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0103n ch\u00e1o lo\u00e3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch thuy\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0103n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a c\u00e0-rem, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tin \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ajahn Sumedho n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 hy sinh. Khi h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin \u1edf Ng\u00e0i, n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho Ng\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 n\u0103m v\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng, ‘Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ecdc t\u00e2m v\u1edbi y n\u1eefa’. Nh\u01b0ng khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed5 cho Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i ‘Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o’, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5.’. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ‘Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o’, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd – hay ch\u1ec9 hoang mang ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5.’, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ta nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm: ‘V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y? Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec khi n\u00eau ra s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ra?’<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. V\u1edbi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft: ‘Ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o’, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. ‘Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng?’… ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u’. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u00ec ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5; c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hay l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5; v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. M\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng. Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n (Arahant), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u1edbi ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. A-La-H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf), ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’ l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cao si\u00eau; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 minh n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i \u0111au kh\u1ed5. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5. T\u00f4i h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i \u1ea9n d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5… L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5? T\u00f4i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t n\u00f3 \u0111i?’ Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3.’. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0, ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’<\/p>\n

                                                      Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n quan ‘\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i’ m\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, do ch\u1eef dukkha m\u00e0 ra’. S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ‘\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p’. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t ai. S\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 dukkha thay v\u00ec coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n – ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 dukkha v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 theo th\u00f3i quen.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: ‘Ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5’. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1eef ‘ph\u1ea3i’: ‘N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0: dukkha c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. Ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u dukkha, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1eef ‘hi\u1ec3u’. M\u1ed9t ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng, trong ti\u1ebfng Pali, ‘hi\u1ec3u’ c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u00f4m \u1ea5p n\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c hay tinh th\u1ea7n – ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5; th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00f4m \u1ea5p n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, ‘Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’<\/p>\n

                                                      Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: ‘\u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – nh\u00ecn n\u00f3, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 n\u00f3 – ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba, ‘\u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’, hay, ‘Dukkha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf: ‘C\u00f3 dukkha’, ‘Dukkha ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’, v\u00e0, ‘Dukkha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef Pali pariyatti, patipatti, v\u00e0 pativedha. Pariyatti l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’. Patipatti l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh – th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi n\u00f3; v\u00e0 pativedha l\u00e0 c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m; v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng. Qua Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba (Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t khi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n. B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (ba chuy\u1ec3n), m\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng (m\u01b0\u1eddi hai t\u01b0\u1edfng) – nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe qua c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00eca kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ‘\u1ed3, T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf – th\u1ee9 v\u1edf l\u00f2ng’. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 khi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n thi\u1ec1n (vipassana) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1eadt cao si\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf, coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng: ‘Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb con, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 …’. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p – m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, ba chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n an tr\u00fa m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i – \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Sanh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (sanh kh\u1ed5), gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5), b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5), ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (t\u1eed kh\u1ed5). Xa c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5): t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. [ Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, LVI, 11]<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: ‘\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (dukkha). Dukkha ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. Dukkha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u.’.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i qua, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u1ed5 hay dukkha l\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c chung m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1eddi \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5; h\u1ecd \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Anh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa … Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung v\u1edbi b\u00e0 N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth? – ch\u00fang ta \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i b\u00e1n th\u00e2n \u1edf Charing Cross, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung? – \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 giai t\u1ea7ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng giai t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00f3 xem m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed1n phim n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3nh sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Nga v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sanh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Nga d\u1eaft con \u0111i ch\u01a1i. V\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t – v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i coi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c. V\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ed9i bom ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed b\u1eafn h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng trong khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i. Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd su\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o – nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf), l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u00eca kh\u1ed5. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Tuy v\u1eady c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ti\u1ebfng Pali, dukkha, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ‘kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n’ hay ‘kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec’. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Th\u1eadt ra, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Tuy v\u1eady, khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m m\u00e3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1i tri gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110au Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: ‘C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u1ed5’. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. T\u00f4i kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u – v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5’. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129 theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5’ lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi’. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1. B\u1ea1n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sanh … v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi ta nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0: ‘\u00d4i th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5 t\u00f4i, t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eady? T\u00f4i l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng! T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n’. C\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i ren m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                                                      Mu\u1ed1n l\u00eca kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong ph\u00e1p tu thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5’ m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ‘C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e3n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2n; t\u00f4i n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng; l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3?’ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n – v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ecdi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n quan t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ‘kh\u1ed5’ \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hay c\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra h\u01a1n l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. Ngay khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i tham, c\u00e1i s\u00e2n, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n – ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lung lay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eebng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i coi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. C\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi theo ngh\u0129a ‘\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ta’, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t trung th\u1ef1c, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u00e1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

                                                      ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng vui. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t; dukkha kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh hung t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi; b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung Auschwitz ho\u1eb7c Belsen \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ngay c\u1ea3 N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng hay, \u00edt ra, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (samsara). Ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Quy lu\u1eadt chung l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a sinh.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ed1i B\u1ecf \u0110au Kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft – ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u00f3. Ngay khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n hay b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb trong khi nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi – gi\u00e0 nua, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u1ea3o, b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Khi ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e1nh xa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta th\u00edch h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00fa v\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t, ta t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i quy lu\u1eadt sung s\u01b0\u1edbng\/\u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111ang b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f2n sung m\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn – th\u00e2u th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi li\u00ean l\u1ee5y.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t sinh, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7, ‘Tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c!’. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7, ‘Gi\u1ebft n\u00f3!’. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc…. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n? Khi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u \u00f3c v\u00f4 minh ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con mu\u1ed7i; gi\u1ebft n\u00f3!’, ‘M\u1ea5y con ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u00f2 lan v\u00f4 ph\u00f2ng; x\u1ecbt n\u00f3 v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn!’. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u1ebft-M\u01b0\u1edbn (Rent-To-Kill). T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mafia c\u1ee7a Anh hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i – t\u00f9y b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ‘sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i’.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0, ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u00eang s\u00e1t sanh’, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft: n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, gi\u1ebft n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng s\u0103n m\u1ed3i; ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u – n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y ra cho \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt – v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 khinh su\u1ea5t, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a; ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng th\u00fa t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ee3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ai th\u00edch mu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: ‘\u0110\u1ed3 x\u1ecbt c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2u?’. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn b\u00f2 ng\u1ed5n ngang tr\u00ean s\u00e0n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: ‘\u0110\u1ed3 x\u1ecbt c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2u?’. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1eadt c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i: ‘\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i!’ ch\u00fang ta x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i: ‘C\u00f3 s\u00e2n’. N\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady – n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a cha hay m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a con ch\u00f3 hay n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 khi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 trong con ch\u00f3 b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u kia c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. ‘C\u00f3 lo s\u1ee3’. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. N\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi ngay c\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 x\u01a1 x\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp cho con ch\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh cho ch\u00fang ta. Khi m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00f4i. \u0110au \u0111\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh, s\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u00e2n. \u0110au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn’. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf. ‘\u0110au kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’. S\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ec3 Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ee9u S\u1ef1 \u0110au Kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (dukkha): \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf – d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn hay c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi ai, c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 hay b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tho\u00e1ng qua c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. ‘N\u1ebfu m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c chu c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd! Tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xung quanh n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 qua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 minh, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hoan l\u1ea1c hay s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1u k\u1ec9nh, song nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1ea1ch ra v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai x\u1ea5u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf. Ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1eafn \u0111ang r\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay \u0111ang l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n – ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang r\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a ta, ‘Ta c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i’ \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 r\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay g\u00e2y ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ‘Ta c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i’ v\u00e0 ‘T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eady’ v\u00e0 ‘Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tha th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u01a1i’.<\/p>\n

                                                      Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf. H\u00e3y th\u1eed n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00e1ng \u0111i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 khi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gh\u00e9t ai ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m – nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. D\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 r\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn kh\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u00fat nh\u1eefng m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n!<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng chung, b\u1edfi B\u00e0 Thatcher, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5’. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u1ecfa M\u00e3n v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t M\u00e3n<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1: S\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c mang ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch v\u1edbi ma t\u00fay, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u0169ng xong, th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hung b\u1ea1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb xa l\u00e1nh, t\u1ea9y chay. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y theo d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u00edch k\u1ef7; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 cho m\u00ecnh: t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed1i g\u00e2y ra phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ‘c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n’ v\u00e0 ‘c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean’ n\u1ea3y sinh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui s\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u1eafm v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft quay cu\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng – ch\u1ea1y v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ngay c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 – c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xong, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta .<\/p>\n

                                                      M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n trong l\u00fac \u1ea9n tr\u00ed \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eadn gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1eadt t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i r\u00e3 r\u1eddi! Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (dukkha), ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd – ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 xem c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i – n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1eadn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jungfrau v\u00e0 Eiger? \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u00f3, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e2u t\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 dukkha; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eadn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xa n\u00f3 – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00edch \u0111i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau ca v\u1ec1 n\u00f3: ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ga xe c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb \u00e9p \u0111\u1ee9ng trong nh\u1eefng toa xe ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t’. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i r\u00ean r\u0129 than van n\u00e0y – s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chung \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Sau khi nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec n\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u1ed5n c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 – d\u00f9 cho \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ga xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n hay \u0111ang ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef n\u00f3. B\u1eaft gi\u1eef l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eadn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta th\u00edch; ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch; ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ‘\u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3’ ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ‘\u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3!’. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0y theo trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3; s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn: ‘M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1edb khi \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?’ v\u00e0: ‘\u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3’.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 Ajahn Chah, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng ta ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘\u1ed3, \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u – tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi!’. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi’. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i, ‘Ajahn Chah, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u00f4i’. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p ai khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tu s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn Wat Pah Pong, tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 Ajahn Chah l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u00edch tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1eafm. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t n\u1ea3y sinh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea bai nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u0103m ph\u1eabn – ‘T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00ec xin ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y gi\u1ecfi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec xin \u0110I!’. S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 – th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hy sinh – l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch b\u1ecb ch\u00ea bai hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0103m ph\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u1eafm l\u00fac s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ea3y sinh trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00f4i trong l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Wat Pah Pong. Mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i trong c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng oi b\u1ee9c ban chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y chay (Trai Nh\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch l\u00e1 kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i nh\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1i, qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 gom th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ed5i th\u00f4 s\u01a1; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘ T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t l\u00e1; t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o – v\u00e0 sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft t\u00f4i qu\u00e9t l\u00e1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 da t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng; bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 da v\u00ec ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong c\u00e1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng’.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, suy ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y? T\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m g\u00ec?’. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e2y ch\u1ed5i d\u00e0i th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. R\u1ed3i Ajahn Chah \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ‘Wat Pah Pong kh\u1ed5 qu\u00e1, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?’ r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf \u0111i. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘T\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?’ v\u00e0, ‘Th\u1eadt ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u’ \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i suy \u0111i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i: ‘Qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? … Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u01b0; b\u1ea1n qu\u00e9t l\u00e1, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf kia … \u0110\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u00f3 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng? Qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng? Qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? … Kh\u00f4ng – \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 da v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Wat Pah Pong c\u0169ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng minh. M\u1ea5y s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho t\u00f4i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u00e0 …. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n c\u00e1i g\u00ec?’<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf. T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n t\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb t\u00f4i ra; t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e9t l\u00e1’. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

                                                      M\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 cao tu\u1ed5i sau khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00ednh b\u00f9n. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng \u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n. Khi Ajahn Chah v\u1ec1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea1y ra – kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi – \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n Ajahn Chah. Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea7y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4i!’, Qua ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra ngay khi Ajahn Chah xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng v\u00e0… ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i gi\u1eadn, t\u00f4i ch\u00e1n c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i! T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ngu xu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y – ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi! \u00d4ng ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng – v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. \u00d4ng ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3!’<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn. T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i th\u1eeb ra c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn m\u1ea5y s\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘H\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng th\u1eadt ngu xu\u1ea9n. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y’<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, ‘\u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. C\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng sao; \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec qu\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 – c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i… C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3!’. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00f9a ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n Ajahn Chah. Sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui: s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ta n\u1ed5i s\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0103m t\u1ee9c: c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai \u0111\u00e2u hay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i dukkha ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra? Khi \u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c xung quanh ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, say m\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i vui l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi dukkha, th\u1ea5y dukkha, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn dukkha, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn dukkha trong m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00ecu theo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu sa v\u00e0o v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y. Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1y n\u00e1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n th\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00fat g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o. H\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh: ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa; T\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gia nh\u1eadp tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh kh\u00ed n\u00e0y’. H\u1ea3y kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: ‘T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 dukkha; c\u00f3 dukkha’. T\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng theo n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t: ‘\u0110au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’<\/p>\n

                                                      Ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5’, k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3: ‘\u0110au kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: ‘\u0110au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u’. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 dukkha l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng trong Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e8m theo b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ee9 kia: trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, h\u1eefu \u00e1i, h\u1ee7y \u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? N\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch. Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 … T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5:\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. [ Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, LVI, 11]<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: ‘C\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng (\u00e1i): d\u1ee5c \u00e1i (kama tanha), h\u1eefu \u00e1i (bhava tanha) v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i (vibhava tanha). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, the pariyatti. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm: c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ba Lo\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng<\/p>\n

                                                      D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay Tanha ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kama tanha r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c quan qua th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i (kama tanha). \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm th\u00eam: xem d\u1ee5c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ea1n ao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 th\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi b\u1ea1n \u0103n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0103n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngon; v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0103n th\u00eam. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y; th\u1eed n\u00f3 xem. \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft qua nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u00e3y th\u1eed n\u00f3 xem khi b\u1ea1n \u0103n. \u0102n th\u1eed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt kho\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y: m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam n\u1eefa n\u1ea3y sinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kama tanha.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea3y ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Khi ta c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ta ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ngon mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea1c hay \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sa v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu – tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3; hay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t. R\u1ed3i h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1i h\u1eefu \u00e1i (bhava tanha) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n: ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo hay t\u1ef3 kheo ni. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o trong l\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, c\u00f3 con, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1c quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n.’<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1o g\u1edf n\u00f3 ra. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i (vibhana tanha), \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb: ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i s\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i s\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb n\u00f3. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ganh t\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng’. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi soi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf h\u1ee7y \u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129: ‘Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y – \u0111\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i; T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft con ma v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i tham c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i – th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh…’. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c \u00e1i (kama tanha), h\u1eefu \u00e1i (bhava tanha) v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i (vibhava tanha) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ta nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec b\u00ean trong T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: ‘D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi b\u1ecf’. S\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 minh tri\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea1y theo ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i’ – nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edfi b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ee5c \u00e1i’, hay, ‘T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t tham v\u1ecdng. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00e1i v\u00e0, … !’ hay, ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft h\u01b0 v\u00f4. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft h\u1ee7y \u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i’. T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o; T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u1ed1t mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch – m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i – d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m tu s\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00e1i; mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng tinh t\u1ebf, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thanh cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7: ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i s\u00e2n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ghen gh\u00e9t. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e2n hoan trong t\u00e2m’.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1. C\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf trong ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u do v\u00f4 minh g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 n\u00f3. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ta m\u00ea huy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft n\u00f3, tin v\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Gi\u1eef L\u1ea5y L\u00e0 \u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5; nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xin \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 soi x\u00e9t v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t duy t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

                                                      M\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3; n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0103n – \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ‘t\u00f4i’ v\u00e0 ‘thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i’: ‘Nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00f3’, ho\u1eb7c, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c’; ho\u1eb7c, ‘T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i t\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n’. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u1eafng nghe d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                                      Bu\u00f4ng X\u1ea3<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb n\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u1eefa; ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra.<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ra? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee9 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c n\u00f3; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea1n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9m n\u00f3 \u0111i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 y\u00ean. Qua c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y ra; r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ‘s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3’ kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ‘s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb’ hay ‘s\u1ef1 v\u1ee9t \u0111i’. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111ang gi\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i, ‘Bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra !’, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ‘v\u1ee9t n\u00f3 \u0111i’. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9m n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee7y \u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf n\u00f3 – n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t; n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd v\u00e0 mang theo c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Cho n\u00f3 qua, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean – \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, xem m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ‘s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3’ nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vui th\u00fa. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf? H\u00e3y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e3n nh\u1eadn ra d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 – b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ngu xu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady – nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Ngay khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0, h\u00e3y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb n\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 bi quan, ngay l\u00fac b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nu\u00f4ng ch\u00ecu c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm, h\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ea3y sinh.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 c\u00e1i c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng. H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn: ‘\u00e0, bu\u00f4ng ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u. D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang bu\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 ngay gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng. Trong ti\u1ebfng Pali, ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u1ee7anadasana hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i ngh\u0129: ‘Bu\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y?’ D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ngh\u0129: ‘Bu\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y?’ R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7: ‘M\u00ecnh bu\u00f4ng ra b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3. T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee9 bu\u00f4ng ra !’ R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: ‘Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a?’ v\u00e0, ‘Bu\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y?’, ‘Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bu\u00f4ng ra th\u00f4i !’ C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 y\u00ean v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng ra nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n nh\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00f3i quen gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, t\u00f4i bu\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129: ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u !’. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00ec chi\u1ebft, gi\u00e8m pha \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 gi\u1eb1ng co \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eadp bu\u00f4ng ra. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0n T\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

                                                      Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t hay c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u00f3; khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c !’, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ebf n\u00e0y !’ v\u00e0, ‘B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 !’, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec – v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb bi, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, can \u0111\u1ea3m, gan d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec theo nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00fang ta \u1edf, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng – nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2m ra ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta: ‘T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c !’ … C\u1ee9 l\u1eafng nghe t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ‘n\u00ean’ v\u00e0 ‘kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean’ v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng: \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ecdng qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i kia. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia’. C\u1ee9 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1i t\u00e2m hay k\u00eau ca ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n; v\u00e0 \u0111em n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh. T\u00f4i nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3’, ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady’, v\u00e0 ‘Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf’. T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 l\u1eafng nghe con ma kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e3i m\u00e1i; t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n; t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng !’. T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u00fd ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n – kh\u01a1i d\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Mang nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef bao nhi\u00eau, n\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau: ‘D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3’. R\u1ed3i qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba trong T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: ‘D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3’. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3. Bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a theo tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                                      Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf<\/p>\n

                                                      Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng; s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ngay n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch. Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 … Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 :\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. [ Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, LVI, 11]<\/p>\n

                                                      Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: ‘C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u1ee7a dukkha. S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a dukkha ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a dukkha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c’.<\/p>\n

                                                      To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o – suy g\u1eabm: ‘T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia?’. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ea5y s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i sao s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 suy g\u1eabm… tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, h\u1eefu \u00edch hay v\u00f4 \u00edch. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t, ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? M\u1ea5y s\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i mang b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng?’. Ch\u00fang ta suy g\u1eabm l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu trong l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5; trong l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng; trong l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng trong s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00eca xa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00eca kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tin. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tin hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n; m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n – ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 mong m\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp thu, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng – n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i cho l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm: ‘S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?’.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0y n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n hay \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y xin d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. C\u1ee9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i xem h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ra sao.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qua s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i sinh ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 – v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u, suy g\u1eabm v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu; r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c; \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00eca kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd C\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ea1i Amaravati, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ee5ng Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n Kinh trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khai ng\u1ed9; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. B\u1ed1n v\u1ecb kia ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch v\u00e0 khen r\u1eb1ng ‘Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n hay’, ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (Kondanna), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 N\u1eef Thi\u00ean (devas) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c quang t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean th\u1ec3, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ta; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, th\u00f4ng minh. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng khi nghe b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 reo h\u00f2 kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd nghe Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 reo h\u00f2 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau hoan h\u1ec9 vui m\u1eebng – l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean (Brahma). \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00e2n hoan vang d\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 B\u00e1nh Xe Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0 (devas) c\u00f9ng Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean-Ti\u00ean (brahmas) reo m\u1eebng trong \u0111\u00f3. Tuy v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi nghe b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Ngay l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng ta ‘A-Nh\u00e3 Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (Anna Kondanna)’. ‘Anna’ c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ‘Anna Kondanna’, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ‘Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 -Ng\u01b0\u1eddi-Am T\u01b0\u1eddng’.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft si\u00eau ph\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o n\u1ea3y sinh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3…. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea huy\u1ec5n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1eebng t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ea3y sinh – b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ee9 \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ea3y sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4n ngoan minh tri\u1ebft h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111i quanh qu\u1ea9n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u00e1m ch\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                                                      Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm: ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’. H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u … k\u1ebft th\u00fac. H\u00e3y nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm xem m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt ra sao. Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng (samma ditthi theo ti\u1ebfng Pali) trong ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u sau bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0129nh t\u00e2m, v\u00ec t\u0129nh t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u minh tri\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd si\u00eau h\u00ecnh: ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’. L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i – c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o – c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau: l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec si\u00eau h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 T\u1eed Vong v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111em v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ngay c\u00e1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00eca xa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u00fa thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c quan. Ngay khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eed vong ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa ti\u00eau vong. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nghe, th\u1ea5y, s\u1edd m\u00f3, n\u1ebfm, suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ti\u00eau vong – ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi ta r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau vong, ch\u00fang ta r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta – cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eed vong kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t – nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eed vong kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn trong ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft – c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng; s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft; ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau vong kh\u00e1c \u0111ang n\u1ea3y sinh. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh s\u00f4c\u00f4la’. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n \u0103n ! Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea3i m\u00ea trong c\u00e1i m\u00f9i v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh s\u00f4c\u00f4la ! Ngay t\u1ea1i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea3y sinh – b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i m\u00f9i v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a s\u00f4c\u00f4la. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e2u. B\u1ea1n nu\u1ed1t xong v\u00e0 th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i? R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ‘s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn’ kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb m\u00ea m\u1edd, v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n duy c\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p hay c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n duy c\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean thay v\u00ec n\u1eafm b\u1eaft n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nirodha, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i, ‘C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb’, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o tham d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Cho Ph\u00e9p S\u1ef1 Th\u1ec3 N\u1ea3y Sinh<\/p>\n

                                                      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y sinh th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u00e2n – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u1ea5u – \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u, s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, l\u00f2ng ganh t\u1ef5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t ‘kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady’ d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111em v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa kia. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 – \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 ra. C\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tinh khi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1eed t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vui h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 mong m\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n hoan l\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng su\u1ed1t hai th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kinh s\u1ee3; h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n’. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 suy g\u1eabm v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103m gh\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m n\u1ea3y sinh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi say m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i hay \u0111em s\u00e1ch theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o khi s\u1ef1 lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c c\u1ea3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edf s\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1ecdc; hay t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0103n l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t ai, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1c c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tu, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u00f4i l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1edb trong l\u00fac qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd qu\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c; r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i s\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i s\u00e2n h\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t qua s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ef1 \u00f4m ch\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y n\u00f3, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Ngay khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5, d\u00f9 cho v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, hoan ngh\u00eanh n\u00f3, l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m \u0111au n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thay v\u00ec tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra tham d\u1ee5c (kamma) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u1ea3y sinh, ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft n\u00f3, l\u00e0m n\u00f3 sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y quanh qu\u1ea9n theo nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 mong m\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa: ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y l\u1ea5y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng! S\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng trong t\u00e2m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 – n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ‘T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3’, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng – bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra. L\u00eca b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9m n\u00f3 \u0111i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t (nirodha) – s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng (emptiness), s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Di\u1ec7t (Nirodha) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c T\u1ecbch Di\u1ec7t (Nibbana). Khi b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ra v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c qua s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1i c\u00f2n x\u00f3t l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t an l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh B\u1ea5t T\u1eed. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf (nirodha sacca), trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hoan l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, b\u00ecnh an \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec. C\u00f3 khi, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u1eabn tr\u00ed trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch trong t\u00e2m t\u00f4i. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nhen nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c – T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t gh\u00ea g\u1edbm v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 n\u1ea3y sinh ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0o trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i l\u00fd tr\u00ed cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch khi c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 quanh qu\u1ea9n nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng lo s\u1ee3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh n\u1ea3y sinh trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec n\u00f3, c\u1ee9 coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng n\u00f3 ra. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y; r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y sinh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu cho nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng; r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean kia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa – nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng? C\u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi – v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: ‘Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd’. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd – th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 !<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xa v\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p hay Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3; ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m – s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qua ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i: c\u00e1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 khinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng: ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Sumedho’, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t’. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3 sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3 di\u1ec7t? … ho\u1eb7c, ‘T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n !’. \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi c\u00f2n ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 khinh – b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec – h\u00e3y kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00f3; l\u1eafng nghe b\u00ean trong: ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0…’. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3; r\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1edbi theo sau. Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 xem b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 bao l\u00e2u. Xem th\u1eed n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh reo trong t\u00e2m, c\u00e1i \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1i \u00e2m thanh nguy\u00ean s\u01a1. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i: ‘B\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?’. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng – khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa – s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh (tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng) \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p: t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ‘\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y’. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Sumedho !<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea3. Tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ‘Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi’, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khen m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 (Suchness). N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n Amaravati l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 – m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ! Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Amaravati. C\u00e1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 hay m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Amaravati – nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mang g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean vai m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 (c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai li\u00ean quan trong \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m; ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. R\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef l\u00e0m cho ta h\u01a1i n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta d\u00e1m \u1ea5p \u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai d\u00e1m b\u00e0n; d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’. A-La-H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta quy y v\u1edbi T\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 (Sangha), n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1ea5m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. T\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i N\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1a. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed d\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 an nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1eabn T\u1edbi S\u1ef1 Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy, Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng, Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1eabn T\u1edbi S\u1ef1 Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y… \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 trau d\u1ed3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o… \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 trau d\u1ed3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. [ Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, LVI, 11]<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: ‘C\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, (atthangika magga) – \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5’. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o (ariya magga), hay Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0: ‘\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n’. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh A-La-H\u00e1n: ‘\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n’.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn (samma ditthi), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy (samma sankappa); hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp chung v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7 (panna). K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m Hu\u1ec7 (pa\u1ee7\u1ee7a) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Gi\u1edbi (sila); nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef (samma vaca), Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p (samma kammanta) v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng (samma ajiva).<\/p>\n

                                                      Ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u00f3m Gi\u1edbi (sila) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ecbnh (samadhi); nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n (samma vayama), Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m (samma sati) v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh (samma samadhi). Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u sau c\u00f9ng cho ta s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m – c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7. V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, phi\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c. Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 (panna), hay Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tinh khi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m:<\/p>\n

                                                      1. Hu\u1ec7 (panna)<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn (samma ditthi)
                                                      \nCh\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy (samma sankappa)<\/p>\n

                                                      2. Gi\u1edbi (sila)<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef (samma vaca)
                                                      \nCh\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p (samma kammanta)
                                                      \nCh\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng (samma ajiva)<\/p>\n

                                                      3. \u0110\u1ecbnh (samadhi)<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n (samma vayama)
                                                      \nCh\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m (samma sati)
                                                      \nCh\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh (samma samadhi)<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh – ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ‘\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy, r\u1ed3i…’. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ea1y ta ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

                                                      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn. Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ba Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p – s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1: ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc ‘T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t’ \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, tuy v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft theo tr\u1ef1c quan – n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0, ‘T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft’, ho\u1eb7c ‘\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3’. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 trong khi tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Tr\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00e2m s\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00edn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eed vong. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ‘S\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0’. \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh, khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng, to t\u00e1t,… h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta tin v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ngay khi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c sinh ra t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n khi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, c\u00f3 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng khi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0129nh trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hoa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t – r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, nghe ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00f3, so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu n\u00f3; ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, h\u00e2n hoan trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p xung quanh ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n m\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ch\u00fang ta: ‘Nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba’ – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y ! Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim tinh khi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac hay chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u00edch k\u1ef7. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ‘s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0’. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay vimutti theo ti\u1ebfng Pali. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p xung quanh ta, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, bi quan, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n che l\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n Kinh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t l\u00fd th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh (Tipitaka), nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean (paticc\u00e1amuppada). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p; v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u1ee7y do v\u00f4 minh. Ch\u00fang ta soi x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y nh\u01b0: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p’. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111em v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: ‘T\u00f4i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m’ hay ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m’, B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Ai nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t?’… ‘T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn? T\u1ea1i sao Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn; T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o vui th\u00fa? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau m\u1ebfn; s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh s\u1ee3’.<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng: ‘T\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, vui l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9; th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 A-La-H\u00e1n khi t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng A-La-H\u00e1n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng A-La-H\u00e1n l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed3i !’.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111em g\u00e1n c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ‘Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng’ v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 mong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. \u0110au \u0111\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ea1c th\u00fa l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y’. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1edf. Ch\u00fang ta \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, ch\u00fang ta suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n sinh theo \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng coi n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa hay \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch hay mu\u1ed1n. N\u00f3 theo l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ta theo l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ta. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c – v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 giao ho\u00e1n. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p (kamma) ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft – nh\u1eefng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn gi\u1ed1ng nhau – ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh? Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0’, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bi quan ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a: ‘\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c’. S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi tr\u00ed nh\u1edb dai. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e2u th\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd hay t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2m ra gh\u00e9t lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t sai c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1: th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kia ra sao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 (vijja) thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 minh (avijja). Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy g\u1eabm, soi x\u00e9t v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 – m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, tham lam v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy<\/p>\n

                                                      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy (samma sankappa). \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n – nh\u01b0 ‘\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh’, ‘quan \u0111i\u1ec3m’ ho\u1eb7c ‘nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng’. T\u00f4i th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ‘nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng’ v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o – b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1eef ‘tanha’ trong ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, trong l\u00fac ‘sankappa’ c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh. Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ‘v\u1ecdng’ cho m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 – nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tanha, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (h\u1eefu \u00e1i) – nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy (samma sankappa) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec; nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, nguy\u00ean c\u00e1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ta. Tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta th\u0103ng hoa, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng – n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng ! Khi c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ef9. Samma ditthi v\u00e0 samma sankappa, Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 (pa\u1ee7\u1ee7a) v\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ba nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ! … Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129, ‘Ch\u00e0, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng r\u1ed3i’. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e2u. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mong \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 h\u1ecfi, ‘H\u1ee1i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t M\u1eb9, t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng?’. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 c\u00f2n b\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m \u1ea5p, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Tuy v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 cao xa, ‘T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai? C\u00e1i t\u00f4i gi\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9’. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra? H\u00e3y x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n; kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t hay b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i m\u1eb7t th\u00fa t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft; tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean ta nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c n\u00f3 – nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt t\u00e2n th\u1eddi. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00f2n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 vui khi t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb ngay khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y’. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00f4i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c – ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i tu, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c tr\u1ebb con th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Khi ch\u00fang ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean, n\u1ebfp suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a theo nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. Khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb con l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3; ch\u00fang v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

                                                      H\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1o g\u1edf nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf trong khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh (avijja).<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ebft th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. Khi ch\u00fang ta suy g\u1eabm v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i. Tuy v\u1eady, khi ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y – ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf khi ch\u00fang ta bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u1ebft nhau qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e1, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef, tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

                                                      Gi\u1edbi (sila) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. Khi t\u00f4i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00f3i; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xao l\u00e3ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00f4i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, ‘B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n’. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00f3i quen ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c – m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ngay c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3n nh\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1edfi m\u1edf, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m; b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p (dhamma). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e9 x\u1ec9u, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i qua t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n: ‘H\u00e3y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y’ v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap h\u1ecd h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m – th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (kamma) ri\u00eang; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y danh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mong m\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, th\u00ec – m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n – b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00e1i n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3-kheo, b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng trong nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi B\u1ea3n (Patimokkha). Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u00edt ra b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd th\u1ee9c \u0103n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u00fac v\u1eadt n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1i hoa ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee9c l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o; b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt ra, \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111em theo nh\u1eefng v\u1ee3t l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbt ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng mu\u1ed7i. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd s\u00e1t sinh b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea5m ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi Quy Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o. D\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i; nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t – nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 soi x\u00e9t v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1t ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n d\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay l\u00fac b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e1ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u00e1nh h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0u sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e1ng tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01b0u sinh n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y – Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef , Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng – theo sau Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y hay, \u00edt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hu\u1ec7 (panna), hay c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi (sila): Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef , Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng. Gi\u1edbi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng hung b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c – ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sinh ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp. Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 xung cho nhau trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn linh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 linh th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hu\u1ec7 (c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u), gi\u1edbi (c\u00e1i th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh (c\u00e1i t\u00e2m). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ki\u1ec1ng ba ch\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: c\u00e1i hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy; r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng; c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh – c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed3i s\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a an l\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa tri th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xung \u0111\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch v\u00e0, nh\u1edd v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u00fay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o – c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng, c\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch; c\u00f3 an l\u1ea1c, t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch, tri ki\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng (bhavana). Ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u1eefng Kh\u00eda C\u1ea1nh C\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 soi x\u00e9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00fac nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c an tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 (samatha). B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edf. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n trong ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u00f4i k\u00e9o v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a b\u00ean trong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111i tr\u1eadt ra ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xao l\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ta r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf – c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Ngay khi b\u1ea1n bu\u00f4ng c\u00e1i t\u00ednh th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n ra, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ngay c\u00e1i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 (samatha) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00f3. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1eadn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. C\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 cao si\u00eau trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n – nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                                                      R\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n (vipasana) thi\u1ec1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, bu\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u00e1i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau vong c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an l\u1ea1c thay v\u00ec y\u00ean t\u0129nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n, v\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau vong, trong khi b\u1ea1n khai tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nibbana) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc l\u1ef1a, khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tri th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00f4 s\u01a1 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc l\u1ef1a \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ecdc luy\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kinh s\u1ee3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                      L\u00fd Tr\u00ed V\u00e0 C\u1ea3m X\u00fac<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ea1t n\u00f3 ra ngo\u00e0i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3’. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00edch th\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 suy l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1i tri th\u1ee9c tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebb, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc – trong khi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ta lo s\u1ee3 v\u00ec n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nam gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t lo s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nam nhi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac g\u00e2y ra b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. \u1edf Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 l\u00fang t\u00fang; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u01a1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00fac c\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3c, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129, ‘T\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd?’. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i, ‘Vui l\u00ean; kh\u00f4ng sao \u0111\u00e2u c\u01b0ng. R\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u1ed5n th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3c c\u1ea3’. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy l\u00fd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng x\u1eed theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng x\u1eed. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1eefng ch\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i – t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 khi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u00ean s\u00e1u. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1i tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1eefng ch\u1ea1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00e1c phong \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo ng\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, trong khi c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean s\u00e1u – th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nghi l\u1ec5 th\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng chu c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, tuy v\u1eady b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 – c\u00e1i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5u tr\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. S\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 \u1edf Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00e0o – v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chao \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, minh b\u1ea1ch, kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 Th\u1ec3 Nh\u01b0 N\u00f3 \u0110ang L\u00e0<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Wat Pah Pong v\u1edbi Ajahn Chah, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u sai trong tu vi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ‘Ajahn Chah, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t; th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00f3’. Th\u1ea7y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ‘\u1ed3, anh c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, Sumedho. Anh c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a’. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, ‘Th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m ! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tan th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i !’. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 tan th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3; ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i th\u00f4i – h\u00e3y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9; cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00e1c c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n

                                                      C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i th\u00fac, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cho\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111au l\u00f2ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra h\u00f4m nay, c\u00f4 ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i th\u1eadt ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111au l\u00f2ng !’ – trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00f4 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nguy\u00ean ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i to l\u1edbn b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, d\u00f9 cho c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng – m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u kia d\u00f9 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

                                                      V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 soi x\u00e9t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eady; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng c\u00e1u k\u1ec9nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3: ‘\u1ed3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m khi c\u00f4 ta n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 ta m\u00e0’. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai tri\u1ec3n n\u1ea3y n\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ! Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi b\u1ea1n suy g\u1eabm c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eebng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t kh\u00fam n\u00fam \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: ‘B\u1ea1n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, Ajahn Sumedho’. ‘T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?’. ‘V\u00e2ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3’. ‘B\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?’. ‘Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y tim c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i’. ‘T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb1ng kia kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi’. ‘T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, h\u1eafn ngu !’. ‘\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129’. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng y ph\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n? B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea1n – an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                                      S\u1ef1 H\u00e0i H\u00f2a<\/p>\n

                                                      Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u00fay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 n\u1eefa. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gan nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi (sila), s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, ki\u00eang c\u1eed vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n-ng\u1eef-\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3; c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh (s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan), v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tri th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y theo ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m, t\u1ea1p h\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 suy l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      Tuy v\u1eady, trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m qua tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n (vipasana) thi\u1ec1n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch dung th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi m\u1edf, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1eefa – n\u00f3 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh di\u1ec7t. B\u1ea1n suy g\u1eabm r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t. R\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 \u00edch kh\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

                                                      M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u00f4m ch\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean (Brahma) qua ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nibbana).<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed1i Ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

                                                      Trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 t\u00e1m ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n. B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hu\u1ec7 (panna) tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hu\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi (sila) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (samadhi). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129: ‘B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, r\u1ed3i hai v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ba’. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, khai tri\u1ec3n B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh – ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m trong khi t\u00f4i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111em B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n, d\u00f9ng B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ‘Samma ditthi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn. Samma sankappa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy’. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ‘Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 samma sankappa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a…’. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ‘Kh\u00f4ng, trong s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy. B\u1ea1n nh\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i’. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch samma sankappa l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u00fd ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Duy; Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho s\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng; b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f4i khi tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 trong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, quan s\u00e1t, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                                                      T\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay ch\u01b0a. Th\u1ef1c ra, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. C\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c – v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t: ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t ng\u00e0y mai, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb h\u00f4m qua. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, trong s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed9 hay tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ng\u1ed9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o n\u00f3. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi n\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ngay gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0y – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9? B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an t\u00e2m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                      Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

                                                      Ajahn: ti\u1ebfng Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ‘th\u1ea7y’; b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali acariya – th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 cao tu\u1ed5i trong tu vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                                                      ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng: c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, tinh di\u1ec7u, tinh x\u1ea3o, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

                                                      n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng: s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

                                                      trai nh\u1eadt: ng\u00e0y chay. \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0103n chay gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, ph\u1eadt t\u1eed x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                                                      kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c: theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xin \u0103n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi gi\u1eef cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh-m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ra m\u00e0 \u0103n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m t\u00e0-m\u1ea1ng h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                                      ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n: l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 cao khoe khoang t\u00e0i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 khi l\u1eddn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u1ef7 t\u00e0i \u1ef7 s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 khinh khi, l\u1ea5n \u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.<\/p>\n

                                                      ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7: l\u1ea5y theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn phi l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn (c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1eadt ng\u00e3 \u1edf trong m\u00ecnh), bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn (l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn x\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u00ean).<\/p>\n

                                                      v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i do con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                      to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng: ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

                                                      th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng: th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

                                                      hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                      kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh: c\u00e1i t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng. Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0. C\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc ng\u1ed9 l\u1ebd Kh\u00f4ng, l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                      Nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0: l\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1eb3ng hai, k\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p kia \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau, k\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

                                                      ph\u00e1p: m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c chi, d\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7u l\u1edbn, h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh hay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u, h\u1eefu vi hay v\u00f4 vi, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hay h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Song th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p (khi vi\u1ebft hoa) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n: Dharma).<\/p>\n

                                                      Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh: ba b\u1ed9 Kinh (Sutta), Lu\u1eadt (Vinaya), Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p (Abhidhamma) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m, ch\u1ee9a tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00fd n\u00ean k\u00eau chung ba b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Tam T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                      Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean: m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu, sanh, t\u1eed) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Ch\u00ednh m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y n\u00edu k\u00e9o nhau t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4-th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0 m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 s\u00e1u n\u1ebbo, c\u00f3 vui, c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nhau, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                                      nghi\u1ec7p: c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c do nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n-ng\u1eef-\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3 theo m\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh. \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00ecnh hay l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n-ng\u1eef-\u00fd, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi nay c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, b\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                      quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

                                                      v\u00f4 \u00fay: (v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay) l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ea1n d\u0129. V\u00f4 \u00fay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

                                                      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                      <\/div>\n
                                                      \u00a0—————————————————————————————————–<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                      T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe\u00a0T\u1eea\u00a0G\u00d3C \u0110\u1ed8 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacN KHOA H\u1eccC PGS. TS. H\u00e0 V\u0129nh T\u00e2n (09\/11\/2010 02:52 AM)\u00a0(Xem: 14253) T\u1ee8\u00a0DI\u1ec6U\u00a0\u0110\u1ebe T\u1eea\u00a0G\u00d3C \u0110\u1ed8 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacN KHOA H\u1eccC PGS. \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":53,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3024","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3024"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4036,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3024\/revisions\/4036"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}