{"id":3022,"date":"2012-12-20T09:22:44","date_gmt":"2012-12-20T09:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3022"},"modified":"2014-03-20T10:23:59","modified_gmt":"2014-03-20T10:23:59","slug":"duc-phat-qua-khai-niem-phat-than","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=3022","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT QUA KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M PH\u1eacT TH\u00c2N"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T V\u00c0 T\u00c1NH KH\u00d4NG
\nTRONG KINH T\u1ea0NG PALI V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA
\nLu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kheo Ni Th\u00edch N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi H\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT QUA KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M PH\u1eacT TH\u00c2N<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng (\u7a7a\u6027) v\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (\u83e9 \u85a9) l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai (\u5982 \u4f86), b\u1eadc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u t\u00e2m. B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Bodhisattvas Mahasattvas, \u83e9 \u85a9 \u6469 \u8a36 \u85a9) l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc \u2018Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c\u2019(Samyak-sambodhi, \u6b63\u7b49\u89ba). Nh\u01b0 trong kinh Trang-nghi\u00eam (K\u0101ra\u1e47\u1e0davy\u016bha S\u016btra, \u838a\u56b4\u7d93), b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Quan-th\u1ebf-\u00e2m (Avalokite\u015bvara, \u89c0\u4e16\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o (Lak\u1e63a\u1e47as, \u597d \u76f8), t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 (Anuvya\u00f1janas) c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e2n trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u0101li<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng hoa c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n (Buddha-k\u0101ya, \u4f5b\u8eab), ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca (\u015a\u0101kyamuni, \u91cb\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4f5b), v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 (Buddhahood, \u4f5b\u679c) sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p (karma, \u696d) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi tu\u1ed5i v\u1eeba 35.676 Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng-b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Nh\u01b0 lai, \u1ee8ng c\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, Minh h\u1ea1nh t\u00fac, Thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7, Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i, V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129, \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u01b0, Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea9n s\u0129, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i.”677<\/p>\n

(Bhagav\u0101 araha\u1e41 sammasambuddho vijj\u0101cara\u1e47asampanno lokavid\u016b anuttaro purisadhammas\u0101rathi satth\u0101 devamanuss\u0101nam buddho bhagav\u0101. So ima\u1e41 loka\u1e41 sadevaka\u1e41 sabrahmaka\u1e41 sasama\u1e47a-br\u0101hma\u1e47a\u1e41 paja\u1e41 sadeva\u1e41 saya\u1e41 abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 sacchi katv\u0101 pavedeti. So dhammseti adikaly\u0101\u1e47a\u1e41, etc) .<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean (Brahmaloka, \u68b5\u5929)678 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c A-la-h\u00e1n (Arahata, \u963f\u7f85\u6f22). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh hay tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong Trung b\u1ed9, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n A-la-h\u00e1n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u01b0u t\u00fa trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng, b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eadc c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Thanh-v\u0103n theo tu t\u1eadp (\u015ar\u0101vakas, \u8072\u805e).679<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef n\u1ed5i t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, khi c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn, trong l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 xem ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3-kheo n\u00f3i b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 hai h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p.”<\/p>\n

(Dv\u0101ttimsim\u0101ni bhikkhave, mah\u0101purisassa mah\u0101purisa lakkhan\u0101ni yehi samann\u0101gatassa mah\u0101purisassa dveca gatiyo bhavanti ana\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: sace kho pana ag\u0101pasma anag\u0101riyam pabbajati, araham hoti samm\u0101sambuddho loke vicattacchado. idha bhikkhave mah\u0101puriso suppatitthita p\u0101do hoti…) 680<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 u\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau ph\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n xem ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e0m. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y A-nan n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i mu\u1ed1n, Nh\u01b0-lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp.”<\/p>\n

(Ramaniyam \u0100nanda r\u0101jagaham ramaniyo gijjhak\u016bto pabbato. yassa kassaci \u0100nanda catt\u0101ro iddhip\u0101d\u0101 bh\u0101vit\u0101 bahul\u012bkat\u0101 y\u0101nikat\u0101 vatthukat\u0101 anutthit\u0101 paricit\u0101 susam\u0101raddh\u0101, so \u0101kankamano kappam v\u0101 ti\u1e6d\u1e6dheyya kapp\u0101vasesam v\u0101 tath\u0101gatassa kho \u0100nanda catt\u0101ro idddhip\u0101d\u0101 bh\u0101vit\u0101 bahul\u012bkat\u0101,\u2026 so \u0100kankham\u0101no \u0100nanda tath\u0101gato kappam v\u0101 ti\u1e6d\u1e6dheyya kapp\u0101vasesam v\u0101 ti.) 681<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt: “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i ra kh\u1ecfi quan t\u00e0i” (\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. V\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau ph\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec7n B\u1ed5n sanh. Theo nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai h\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xem \u0110\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t phi ph\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 sau khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o cho ng\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e2n trong Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e2n chia B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n (Buddha-body, \u4f5b\u8eab) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 (Sthavirav\u0101din, \u4e0a\u5750\u90e8) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 (Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghika, \u5927\u773e\u90e8) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Th\u00e1nh-c\u1ea7u (Ariyapariyesana Sutta) c\u1ee7a Trung-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u6d85\u69c3), m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c (Samyak Sambuddhahood, \u6b63\u7b49\u89ba)682 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u1ecdc l\u00f2ng Nh\u01b0-lai th\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed. Ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian. Ta ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u00f4 song. Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, an t\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. ”<\/p>\n

(Sabbobibho sabbavido\u2019hamasmi, sabbesu dhammesu anopalitto. aha\u1e41 hi arah\u0101 loke, aha\u1e41 satth\u0101 anuttaro, eko\u2019mhi samm\u0101sambuddho sitibh\u016bto \u2019smi nibbuto).683<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9. Sau khi h\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ban b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m T\u1ee9-di\u1ec7u-\u0111\u1ebf (Ariya saccas, \u56db\u5999\u8ae6), B\u00e1t-ch\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o (A\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101\u1e45-gikamagga, \u516b\u6b63\u9053) v\u00e0 l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Paticca-samupp\u0101da, \u7de3\u8d77). Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u1ea9n s\u0129 Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 nghe b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2018Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n\u2019 (Dhamma-cakkappavattana-sutta, \u8f49\u6cd5\u8f2a\u7d93) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Thanh-v\u0103n (\u015ar\u0101vakas, \u8072\u805e), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n (Arahathood, \u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u679c) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 tri ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng (anatta-pudgalanair\u0101tmya, \u6211\u7a7a), ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng (dharma-su\u00f1yat\u0101, \u6cd5\u7a7a) \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean-thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i chi nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng (Bodhgay\u0101), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n mang th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 m\u00f5ng manh, ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 khi sanh nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Siddh\u0101rtha, \u58eb\u9054\u591a) l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n gian ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (lokadh\u0101tu)684 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ba-la-m\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 (\u5927\u773e\u90e8) cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed t\u1eeb khi ki\u1ebfp th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n trong b\u00e0o thai c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. C\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m (\u77bf\u66c7\u4f5b) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta-b\u00e0 (Saha lokadh\u0101tu, \u5a11\u5a46\u4e16\u754c) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i chi nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian (lokottara, \u51fa\u4e16\u9593). T\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi (dh\u0101tus, \u754c) bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. \u00c2m thanh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n gian (laukika), thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (\u0101srava-visamyukta, \u7121\u6f0f) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc th\u00e2n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n) (R\u016bpak\u0101ya, \u8272\u8eab) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gieo. Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf (Param\u0101rtha, \u771f\u8ae6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2019, \u2018kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. Trong \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n (Nirm\u0101\u1e47a-k\u0101ya, \u61c9\u8eab) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Theo ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas trong Lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i (Kath\u0101vatthu, \u8ad6\u8faf\u9082)685 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng an tr\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n (abhinimmito jino) \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch sai ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh.686<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.”<\/p>\n

(Bhagav\u0101 loke j\u0101to loke sambuddho loka\u1e41 abhibhuyya viharati an\u016bpalitto loken\u0101 ti).687<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Navattabbam c\u0169ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

– “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.” (xviii. 1); (Buddho bhagava manussaloke a\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101s\u012b ti)<\/p>\n

– “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.” (xi.6) (sabb\u0101 dis\u0101 Buddh\u0101 ti\u1e6d\u1e6dhant\u0101 ti).<\/p>\n

– “Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.” (xviii.2) (abhinimmitena desito ti).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 hay h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 t\u01b0, ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m (Buddhaghosa, \u4f5b\u97f3) (\u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1i Vetulyak\u0101s \u2013 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9) khi kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t (Tu\u1e63ita, \u515c\u7387\u5929) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i ta-b\u00e0 n\u00e0y. Trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (Kath\u0101vatthu, \u8ad6\u8faf\u9082), t\u1ed5 Ho\u00e0-tu-m\u1eadt-\u0111a (Vasu-mitra, \u548c\u9808\u5bc6\u591a)688 kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i chi nh\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Vetulyaka v\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft-Xu\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 (Lokottarav\u0101da, \u8aaa\u51fa\u4e16\u90e8) \u0111\u00e3 xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i (K\u0101th\u0101vatthu)689 ch\u1ee9ng minh: “Li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau.” (atthi buddhana\u1e41 buddhehi hin\u0101tirekat\u0101 ti).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la (Andhakas, \u6309\u9054\u7f85,690 m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9) cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca mang b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhogak\u0101ya, \u5831\u8eab) ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharmak\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (Satipatth\u0101na, \u56db\u5ff5\u8655) v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n (Sammappadh\u0101na, \u56db\u6b63\u52e4) vv… Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng (Nguy\u00ean-th\u1ee7y, \u4f5b\u6559\u539f\u59cb) cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n (sar\u012bra,\u8eab), th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng (\u0101yu, \u58fd\u547d) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t quang (prabh\u0101va, \u767c\u5149). Trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i (Kath\u0101vatthu, \u8ad6\u8faf\u9082)691 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bi (karun\u0101, \u6148\u60b2) v\u00e0 th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 thanh t\u1ecbnh (an\u0101srava dharma, \u6e05\u6de8\u6cd5).692<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (\u0101yu) th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (tejas, prabh\u0101va, \u80fd\u529b) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c (vi\u015buddha-sraddh\u0101) cho h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 Trung-hoa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb (karun\u0101, \u6148\u60b2) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n an tr\u1ee5 trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na (eka-ksa\u1e47ikacitt, \u524e\u90a3) hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. T\u00e2m ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1. Trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i (Kath\u0101vatthu),693 ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la (Andhakas, \u6309\u9054\u7f85) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n (sabbasmi\u1e41 paccuppanne \u00f1\u0101nam atth\u012bti).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (k\u1e63aya-j\u00f1\u0101na,\u4e0d\u6de8\u8af8\u76f8) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u00e1i sanh (anutp\u0101daj\u00f1\u0101na, \u7121\u518d\u751f) n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0m v\u1eefng th\u00eam trong l\u1eddi v\u0103n hoa m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-b\u1ea3n-h\u1ea1nh T\u1eadp-kinh-d\u1ecb-b\u1ea3n (Mah\u0101vastu, \u4f5b\u672c\u884c\u96c6\u7d93\u7570\u672c) nh\u01b0 sau: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t trong ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama) t\u1ef1 sanh (upap\u0101duka, \u81ea\u751f) (b\u00ean h\u00f4ng m\u1eb9 chun ra) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh ra t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 trong thai t\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o thai, ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. Trong khi \u1edf trong thai, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 u\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eddm gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01a1 kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi thai m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a l\u00e0 La-h\u1ea7u-la (R\u0101hula, \u7f85\u5019\u7f85) c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian (lokottara, \u51fa\u4e16\u9593) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf. \u0102n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eafp y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn r\u1eeda. Mi\u1ec7ng ng\u00e0i th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t nh\u01b0 hoa sen xanh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. Th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eafp y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i che. Ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 b\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng (Abhidharma-ko\u015ba, \u963f\u6bd8\u66c7\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u980c) v\u00e0 Vy\u0101khy\u0101 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi ng\u1ee7, m\u01a1 khi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 m\u01a1?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian (lokottara) ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-b\u1ea3n-h\u1ea1nh T\u1eadp kinh d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n (Mah\u0101vastu) v\u00e0 do th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba v\u00e0 theo d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1i Thuy\u1ebft-Xu\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf-b\u1ed9 (Lokottarav\u0101da) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba l\u00e0 T\u1ee9-di\u1ec7u-\u0111\u1ebf (Ariya saccas, \u56db \u5999 \u8ae6), B\u00e1t-ch\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o (\u0100\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101\u1e45gika-magga, \u516b\u6b63\u9053), l\u00fd Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi (Prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da, \u7de3\u8d77), c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n (\u860a) c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (An\u0101tman, \u7121\u6211), nghi\u1ec7p (karma, \u696d), 37 Ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o (Bodhipak\u1e63\u012bkadharmas, \u4e09\u5341\u4e03(\u52a9)\u9053\u54c1)… T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng (Dharma-\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101, \u6cd5\u7a7a), tam th\u00e2n (Trik\u0101ya, \u4e09\u8eab) v\u00e0 hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng (\u0101vara\u1e47as, \u969c) l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng (kle\u015ba, \u7169 \u60f1 \u969c) v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng (j\u00f1ey\u0101, \u6240\u77e5\u969c). Ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u00f3 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh (Bodhisattva-Cary\u0101s, \u83e9\u85a9\u884c), m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba (Dasa Bh\u016bmi, \u5341\u5730), v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1t (Ksetras, \u4f5b \u524e) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.694 Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh trong khi \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Theo D\u1ecb-b\u1ed9-t\u00f4ng-lu\u00e2n lu\u1eadn (Samayabhedopara-canacakra, \u7570\u90e8\u5b97\u8f2a\u8ad6) cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 (Mah\u0101s\u0101\u1e45ghika, \u5927\u773e\u90e8), Nh\u1ea5t-thuy\u1ebft-b\u1ed9 (Ekavy\u0101vah\u0101rika, \u4e00\u8aaa\u90e8), Thuy\u1ebft Xu\u1ea5t-th\u1ebf (Lokuttarav\u0101din, \u8aaa\u51fa\u4e16\u90e8) v\u00e0 K\u00ea-d\u1eabn b\u1ed9 (Kurukulaka, \u8a08\u5f15\u90e8) cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1. Th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u01b0-lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian (Laukikadharma)<\/p>\n

3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

4. Nh\u01b0-lai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

5. Nh\u01b0-lai d\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0<\/p>\n

6. Nh\u01b0-lai c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/p>\n

8. Th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

9. Nh\u01b0-lai kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 sanh<\/p>\n

10. Nh\u01b0-lai kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7<\/p>\n

11. Nh\u01b0-lai v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nhu c\u1ea7u nghi v\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

12. Nh\u01b0-lai th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

13. Nh\u01b0-lai hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n

14. Nh\u01b0-lai v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na<\/p>\n

15. Nh\u01b0-lai c\u00f3 t\u1eadn tr\u00ed (k\u1e63aya-j\u00f1\u0101na, \u76e1\u667a) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed (anutp\u0101da-j\u00f1\u0101na,\u7121\u751f\u667a) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n.695<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong \u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma-mah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101-\u015b\u0101stra, \u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6)696 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nh\u01b0-lai c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.”<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong A-h\u00e0m ghi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“D\u00f9 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (dharmak\u0101ya) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i.”<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t l\u00fac 80 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e0m t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f2n s\u1eafc th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt-b\u1ea3n-h\u1ea1nh T\u1eadp kinh d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n (Mah\u0101-vastu) n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.”<\/p>\n

(Na hi kimcit samyaksambuddhanam lokena samam. atha khalu sarvam eva mahesinam lokottaram.)<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn do ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la (Andhaka), Uttar\u0101pathaka and Vetulyaka. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, ph\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 (Sthavirav\u0101dins, \u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8) v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101dins, \u4e00\u5207\u6709\u90e8) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 80 n\u0103m l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u00ec m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5, s\u1eafc th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng do nghi\u1ec7p (karma, \u696d) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Theo nh\u01b0 D\u1ecb-b\u1ed9-t\u00f4ng-lu\u00e2n lu\u1eadn (Samayabhedoparacanacakra, \u7570\u90e8 \u5b97\u8f2a\u8ad6), nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u01b0-lai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, Nh\u01b0-lai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft.”<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

“M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nh\u01b0-lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i phi ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.”<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 trong \u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa-lu\u1eadn697 (Abhidharma-mah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101-\u015b\u0101stra, \u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99 \u8ad6). \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i th\u00ec phi ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. S\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n trong s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 duy t\u00e2m ho\u00e1 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt trong khi Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt.698 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba, Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 \u00edt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharmak\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2018th\u00e2n\u2019 trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 l\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef n\u1ed5i t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, khi c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y th\u0103ng hoa t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

1) “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Parinibb\u0101na): \u2018Sau khi Nh\u01b0-lai nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y\u2019.”<\/p>\n

(Yo vo \u0100nanda may\u0101 dhammo ca vinayo ca desito pa\u00f1\u00f1atto so vo ma\u1e41 accayena satth\u0101.)699<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma, \u6cd5) v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt (Vinaya, \u5f8b) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan (\u0100nanda) v\u1edbi Gopaka-Moggall\u0101na trong kinh Gopaka-Moggall\u0101na700 c\u1ee7a Trung-b\u1ed9. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a (appatisarana, \u7121\u8655\u6b78\u4f9d) sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. A-nan n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p (dhammapatisarana, \u6b78\u4f9d\u6cd5) v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2) “V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Nh\u01b0-lai (\u015a\u0101kyaputt\u012byasamana) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n (Bhagav\u0101), t\u1eeb kim kh\u1ea9u, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp… M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean (Brahm\u0101). B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(Bhagavato\u2019mhi putto oraso mukhato j\u0101to dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammd\u0101y\u0101do iti. tam kissa hetu? tath\u0101gatassa h\u2019etam adhivacanam. dhammakayo iti pi brahmak\u0101yo iti pi, dhammabh\u016bto it pi ti.)<\/p>\n

“Nh\u00f6 mo\u00e4t B\u00e0-la-mo\u00e2n no\u00f9i v\u00f2 a\u00e1y sanh ra nh\u00f6 mo\u00e4t Pha\u00efm thie\u00e2n, do mie\u00e4ng Pha\u00efm thie\u00e2n sanh”.<\/p>\n

(Br\u0101hmano putto oraso mukhato j\u0101to br\u0101hmajo br\u0101hmanimmito br\u0101hmad\u0101y\u0101do).701<\/p>\n

3) Vakkali tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecbnh tha thi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, v\u00ec v\u1eady Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Vakkali b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y Ta; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(Alam vakkali kim te p\u016btik\u0101yena di\u1e6d\u1e6dhena. yo kho vakkali dhamma\u1e41 passati so ma\u1e41 passati. yo ma\u1e41passati so dhamma\u1e41 passati).702 Ch\u1ec9 sau khi n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (anicca, \u7121\u5e38). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c mang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (p\u016btik\u0101ya, \u4e0d\u6de8) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y th\u00eam n\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

4) Trong T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi… \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng kinh n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00fang. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Drona th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u b\u00e1nh xe (chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n xa) d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0 (gandhabba, \u4e7e \u64bb \u5a46), D\u1ea1-xoa (yakkha, \u591c\u53c9) ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (\u0101savas) m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0, D\u1ea1-xoa ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hoa sen trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 th\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u00f9n; c\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sanh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3 (abhibhuyya) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eebng xem ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec h\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn trong lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n-gi\u1ea3i (Kath\u0101vatthu) \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eeb s\u1eafc th\u00e2n (R\u016bpak\u0101ya, \u8272\u8eab) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharmak\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Pali sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n-\u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eafc th\u00e2n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n c\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh vv… \u0111\u1ea7y quang minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. ”<\/p>\n

(Yo pi so bhagav\u0101 asiti anuvya\u00f1jana-patimandita-dvattimsamah\u0101purisalakkha\u1e47a-vicitra-r\u016bpak\u0101yo sabb\u0101k\u0101raparisuddha silakkhandh\u0101digunaratana samiddha-dhammak\u0101yo samahattapu\u00f1\u00f1amahatta … appatipuggalo araham samm\u0101sambuddho).703<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o g\u00e1n cho ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Trong Lu\u1eadn Th\u00f9-th\u1eafng-ngh\u0129a (A\u1e6d\u1e6dhas\u0101lin\u012b, \u8ad6\u6b8a\u52dd\u7fa9),704 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u00e2m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng su\u1ed1t ba th\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta-b\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma cho m\u1eabu h\u1eadu \u1edf cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t (Tu\u1e63ita, \u515c\u7387), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2m \u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0i y h\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fac ngay c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay v\u1ea7ng h\u00e0o quang to\u1ea3 t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i. T\u00e2m \u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt (R\u016bpak\u0101ya, \u8272\u8eab) l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dhammak\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab) ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt.705<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng Du-h\u00ed (Lalitavistara, \u795e\u901a\u904a\u6232 \u7d93) \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhogak\u0101ya, \u5831\u8eab) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dhamma-k\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (Tathat\u0101, \u771f\u5982). Kinh Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng Du-h\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Tam th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt (Trik\u0101ya, \u4e09\u8eab). Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kinh n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (lok\u0101nuvartana) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.706<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a thai m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng (ratnavy\u016bha, \u5bf6\u85cf) \u0111\u1eb7t trong thai. B\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con chim Ca-chi\u00ean-l\u00e2n-\u0111\u00e0 (K\u0101cilindika, \u8fe6\u4eb6\u9130\u9640)707 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch si\u00eau ph\u00e0m. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd, v\u00f4 minh, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch phi ph\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Qua nh\u1eefng th\u01a1 ca t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng Du-h\u00ed kinh (\u795e\u901a\u904a\u6232\u7d93) cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fang b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an tr\u00fa trong \u0111\u00f3 khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong thai m\u1eb9, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i-trang-nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ecbnh (Mah\u0101vy\u016bha Sam\u0101dhi, \u5927\u838a\u56b4\u5b9a). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng \/ ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n (Nirm\u0101\u1e47ak\u0101ya, \u61c9\u8eab\/\u5316\u8eab) m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng Du-h\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn (mah\u0101druma, \u5927\u9f13) b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1edf h\u1eefu Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n tr\u00ed (Dharma-k\u0101ya-j\u00f1\u0101na, \u6cd5\u8eab\u667a).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba (\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kinh Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng Du-h\u00ed trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 (Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da, \u4e00\u5207\u6709\u90e8), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u1eeba<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-thi\u00ean-t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dasas\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u5341\u516b\u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung lu\u1eadn (M\u0101dhyamika, \u4e2d\u8ad6) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Long-th\u1ecd (\u9f8d\u6a39). C\u1ea3 hai kinh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 hai th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc th\u00e2n (R\u016bpa-k\u0101ya,\u8272\u8eabho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n, Nirm\u0101\u1e47a-k\u0101ya, \u61c9\u8eab) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ebf. N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharma-k\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab), c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: 1) Th\u00e2n ph\u00e1p, do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 2) Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (Tathat\u0101, \u771f\u5982).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Du-gi\u00e0 (Yog\u0101c\u0101ra,\u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00e2n t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n (R\u016bpa-k\u0101ya) hay \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n (Nirm\u0101\u1e47a-k\u0101ya, \u61c9\u8eab) v\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhoga-k\u0101ya, \u5831\u8eab).<\/p>\n

Kinh Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Saddharma Lank\u0101vat\u0101ra S\u016btra, \u5999\u6cd5\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Du-gi\u00e0 (Yog\u0101c\u0101ra, \u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6), \u0111\u00e3 xem b\u00e1o th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb3ng-l\u01b0u Ph\u1eadt hay Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1eb3ng-l\u01b0u (Nisyanda-buddha \/ Dharmanisyanda-buddha, \u7b49\u6d41\u4f5b,\u6cd5\u7b49\u6d41) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n do ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (S\u016btr\u0101la\u1e41k\u0101ra, \u695e\u4f3d\u7d93), \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb b\u00e1o th\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1eb3ng-l\u01b0u Ph\u1eadt (Nisyanda-buddha, \u7b49\u6d41\u4f5b) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1-t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (Sv\u0101bh\u0101vika-k\u0101ya, \u81ea\u6027\u8eab) cho ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.708<\/p>\n

Trong Hi\u1ec7n-qu\u00e1n-trang-nghi\u00eam lu\u1eadn (Abhi-samay\u0101la\u1e45k\u0101rak\u0101rik\u0101, \u73fe\u89c0\u838a\u56b4\u8ad6) v\u00e0 kinh t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb-v\u1ea1n Ng\u0169-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt kinh (Pa\u00f1ca-vi\u1e41\u015bati-s\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u4e8c\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00e2n t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh do tu t\u1eadp B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n (bodhi-p\u0101k\u1e63ika) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1c kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (Svabh\u0101va \/ Sv\u0101bh\u0101vika-k\u0101ya, \u81ea\u6027\u8eab) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong Duy-th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn (Vij\u00f1aptim\u0101trat\u0101siddhi, \u552f \u8b58\u8ad6) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1edbi T\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n (Svasambhogak\u0101ya,\u81ea\u53d7\u7528\u8eab) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Tha-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n (Parasambhogak\u0101ya, \u4ed6\u53d7\u7528\u8eab) cho b\u00e1o th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (Praj\u00f1\u0101-p\u0101ramit\u0101s, \u822c \u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) c\u0169ng duy tr\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n do ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 theo \u00fd kinh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Ba-la-m\u1eadt gi\u00fap cho b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng (Dharma-\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101, \u6cd5\u7a7a). Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dasas\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101-p\u0101ramit\u0101 S\u016btra, \u5341\u516b \u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai (Tath\u0101gata-k\u0101ya, \u5982\u4f86\u8eab) th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c copy kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (t\u1ee9c kinh Tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o). C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n do B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. C\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i. C\u0169ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 (Dharmabh\u0101\u1e47aka, \u6cd5\u5e2b) n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ban tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed (Sarvaj\u00f1at\u0101, \u4e00\u5207\u667a) do tr\u00ed B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3, t\u1eeb Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh th\u1edd, v\u00ec th\u1ebf B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00f4n th\u1edd.709<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba th\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai. T\u1eeb th\u00e2n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 vi ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi \u0111em th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xem s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai trong T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Kinh Kim-cang B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (Vajra-chedik\u0101-praj\u00f1\u0101-p\u0101ramit\u0101 S\u016btra, \u91d1\u525b\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Ai d\u00f9ng s\u1eafc m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0-lai, d\u00f9ng \u00e2m thanh m\u00e0 t\u00ecm Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0-lai.” \uff08\u82e5\u4ee5\u8272\u898b\u6211, \u4ee5\u97f3\u8072\u6211 , \u662f\u4eba\u884c\u90aa\u9053, \u4e0d\u80fd\u898b\u5982\u4f86). 710<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 trong Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dasas\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u5341\u516b\u5343\u980c\u822c \u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0-lai b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.”<\/p>\n

(Na hi tath\u0101gato r\u016bpa-k\u0101yato dra\u1e63\u1e6davya\u1e25 dharmak\u0101yas tath\u0101gata).<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean-hoa (Saddharma-pu\u1e47\u1e0dar\u012bka S\u016btra, \u5999\u6cd5\u84ee\u82b1\u7d93) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.”<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Ai th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ta” v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Ba-la-m\u1eadt. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c th\u00e2n (Vip\u0101ka-k\u0101ya, Nisyanda-k\u0101ya, \u7570\u719f\u8eab) t\u1ee9c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t phi ph\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong V\u00f4-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-th\u1ecd kinh (Sukh\u0101vat\u012bvy\u016bha, \u7121\u91cf\u58fd\u7d93), A-s\u00fac-ph\u1eadt-qu\u1ed1c kinh (Ak\u1e63obhyatath\u0101gata-syavy\u016bha, \u963f\u755c\u4f5b\u570b\u7d93)711 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 (Amit\u0101bha, \u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b) v\u00e0 A-s\u00fac-b\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt (Ak\u1e63o-bhiya, \u963f\u755c\u5752\u4f5b) c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

Hai th\u00e2n: a) ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00e1o th\u00e2n; b) ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n;<\/p>\n

Tam th\u00e2n: ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n;<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n th\u00e2n: ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n;<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u00e2n: ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba v\u00ec s\u1eafc th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng; v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n do Nh\u01b0-lai hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Kim-quang-minh (Suvar\u1e47aprabh\u0101sa, \u91d1\u5149\u660e), Di\u1ec7u-\u0110\u1ed5ng (Ruciraketu, \u5999\u61c2) v\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 (Kau\u1e45\u1e0dinya, \u6a4b\u9673\u5982) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Ruciraketu h\u1ecfi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 80 tu\u1ed5i. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ai th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Ruciraketu h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hay ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, Litcchavikum\u0101ra tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng mong c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 d\u1eeba t\u1eeb c\u00e2y t\u00e1o, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf th\u1eadt phi l\u00fd n\u1ebfu hy v\u1ecdng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt (Buddha-k\u0101ya, \u4f5b\u8eab). Nh\u01b0-lai v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c, ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, r\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i. Ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi (Dharma-dh\u0101tu, \u6cd5\u754c).<\/p>\n

1. \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n (Nirm\u0101\u1e47ak\u0101ya, \u61c9\u8eab)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi tin r\u1eb1ng Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec do \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n ra theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gian (lok\u0101nuvartana), \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 Th\u00e0nh-s\u1edf-t\u00e1c-tr\u00ed (k\u1e5bty\u0101nusth\u0101naj\u00f1\u0101na, \u6210\u6240\u4f5c\u667a) bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 ra \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafc th\u00e2n. Kinh Nh\u1ecb-v\u1ea1n Ng\u0169-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (Pa\u00f1cavim\u015bati-s\u0101ha\u015brik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101-p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u4e8c\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sau khi tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1eb3ng-gi\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi (lokadh\u0101tus, \u4e16\u754c) m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u1ee8ng-ho\u00e1-v\u00e2n (Nirm\u0101\u1e47amegha, \u61c9\u5316\u4e91). \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nairm\u0101\u1e47ikak\u0101ya.<\/p>\n

Theo ngu\u1ed3n Trung-hoa, ng\u00e0i Long-th\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i-tr\u00ed-\u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt do ng\u00e0i bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n n\u00f3i c\u00f3 hai th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. S\u1eafc th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n do cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt sanh ra t\u1ea1i Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la (Kosala, \u6a4b\u85a9\u7f85, X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh) trong khi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n sanh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng-x\u00e1 (R\u0101jagrha, \u738b\u820d). S\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n cho t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u danh hi\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i sanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng theo B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kinh (Parinirv\u0101\u1e47a S\u016btra, \u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93) v\u00e0 Th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt kinh (Sandhi-nirmocana S\u016btra, \u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 (Yog\u0101c\u0101ra, \u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6) d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(a) Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (S\u016btr\u0101la\u1e41k\u0101ra) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t ly v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tu t\u1eadp gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

(b) Trong Duy-th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn (Vij\u00f1\u0101ptim\u0101trat\u0101siddhi, \u552f\u8b58\u8ad6) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (P\u1e5bthagjanas, \u4eba), Thanh-v\u0103n (\u015ar\u0101vakas,\u8072\u805e), B\u00edch-chi-Ph\u1eadt (Pratyeka-buddha, \u8f9f\u652f\u4f5b, \u7de3\u89ba), B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Bodhisattva, \u83e9\u85a9) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba (Bh\u016bmis, \u5730). \u01af\u00f9ng th\u00e2n n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi d\u00f9 t\u1ecbnh hay b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(c) Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn Trung-hoa v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (Siddhi, \u6cd5\u6210\u5c31) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m hay \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 sanh. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m hay \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 sanh; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni (\u015a\u0101kyamuni, \u91cb\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4f5b), ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn ra \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qua \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c Tu-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd Nh\u01b0-lai. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u khi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t (\u820d\u5229\u5f17) ho\u1eb7c Tu-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (\u9808 \u83e9 \u63d0) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c Tu-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u00e2m tr\u1ed5i l\u00ean. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t (lokottara, \u51fa\u4e16\u754c) v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh (an\u0101srava, \u6e05 \u6de8). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i th\u00edch. Th\u1eadt ra, ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0i trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(d) Kinh Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Saddharma Lank\u0101vat\u0101ra S\u016btra, \u5999\u6cd5\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra, Nh\u01b0-lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

“Sarve hi nirmitabuddh\u0101 na karmaprabhav\u0101 na tesu Tath\u0101gato na c\u0101nyatra tebhya Tath\u0101gato”.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi Th\u00edch t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n na Ph\u1eadt (Jina, \u79aa\u90a3) tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e1c (kriy\u0101, \u4f5c) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh (sa\u1e41sk\u0101ra, \u884c), l\u1ef1c (bala,\u529b), th\u1eafng tr\u00ed (abhij\u0111\u0101, \u52dd\u667a)v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng (va\u015bita, \u751f). Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai (Tath\u0101gatak\u1e5btya, \u5982\u4f86\u4f7f\u547d). V\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kim-cang Th\u1ee7 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Vajrap\u0101\u1e47i, \u91d1\u525b\u9996\u83e9\u85a9)712 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ban ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u0101na, \u5e03\u65bd), tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi (s\u012bla, \u6301\u6212), thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (dhy\u0101na, \u79aa\u5b9a), gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (vimok\u1e63a, \u89e3\u812b) v\u00e0 duy t\u00e2m (vij\u0111\u0101na, \u60df\u5fc3).<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sanh. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o th\u00e2n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp Nh\u01b0-lai l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.713 S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ta-b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t may m\u1eafn l\u1edbn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb khi sanh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh.714 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt; v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, nh\u01b0 Haribhadra \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nghe ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 sanh n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.”715<\/p>\n

Trong Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2. B\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhogak\u0101ya, \u5831\u8eab) S\u1eafc th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh (P\u1e5bthagjanas\u4eba, ), Thanh-v\u0103n (\u015ar\u0101vaka, \u8072\u805e), B\u00edch-chi-Ph\u1eadt (Pratyekabuddhas, \u8f9f\u652f\u4f5b, \u7de3\u89ba) v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Bodhi-sattvas, \u83e9\u85a9) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tha-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n (Parasambhogak\u0101ya, \u4ed6\u53d7\u7528\u8eab) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n (Svasambhogak\u0101ya, \u81ea\u53d7\u7528\u8eab) l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh T\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh Linh-th\u1ee9u (G\u1e5bdhrak\u016b\u1e6da, \u9748\u9df2) n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (Sambhogak\u0101ya, \u5831\u8eab) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y hoa h\u01b0\u01a1ng… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, Thanh-v\u0103n, ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (Praj\u00f1\u0101-paramit\u0101, \u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93), Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean-hoa (Saddharma-pundar\u012bka, \u5999\u6cd5\u84ee\u82b1\u7d93) ho\u1eb7c kinh Hoa-nghi\u00eam (Gandavy\u016bha\/Ava\u1e41saka-s\u016btra, \u83ef\u56b4\u7d93)…716<\/p>\n

Theo thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca. C\u00e1c b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng do ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hoa h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca, m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1t (c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5) l\u00e0 ta-b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Saha lokadh\u0101tu, \u5a11\u5a46 \u4e16\u754c). Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ta b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i san b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00fai non, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay hai sa-di (s\u0101maneras, \u6c99\u5f4c). C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean-hoa t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean ch\u01b0 ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo h\u1ecd c\u00e1c b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 (upasth\u0101pakas, \u6301\u8005).<\/p>\n

Theo Nh\u1ea5t-b\u00e1ch-thi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt kinh (Satas\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u4e00\u767e\u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5 \u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb-v\u1ea1n Ng\u0169-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt (Pa\u00f1cavim\u015bati-s\u0101ha\u015brik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, \u4e8c\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u980c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u5bc6\u7d93) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi, t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (lokadh\u0101tus, \u4e16\u754c) nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee1i k\u00e9o ra r\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tia s\u00e1ng to\u1ea3 ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 hoa sen ng\u00e0n c\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai an t\u1ecda (Tath\u0101gatavigraha: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai – Nirm\u0101\u1e47ak\u0101ya) \u0111ang ban ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c Ba-la-m\u1eadt cho ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, Thanh-v\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0-t\u1eed Du-h\u00ed Tam-mu\u1ed9i (Si\u1e41havikr\u012bdita sam\u0101dhi, \u5e2b\u5b50\u904a\u6232\u4e09\u6627), th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Tris\u0101hasra-mah\u0101s\u0101hasra lokadh\u0101tu, \u4e09\u5343\u5927\u5343\u4e16\u754c) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00e2n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (Prak\u1e5bty\u0101tmabh\u0101va, \u771f\u81ea\u6027) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n c\u00f5i, Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 (Jambudv\u012bpa, \u95bb\u6d6e\u63d0), T\u00e2y-ng\u01b0u-ho\u00e1 ch\u00e2u (Aparagod\u0101na, \u897f\u725b\u5316) vv… th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (Prakrty\u0101tmabh\u0101va) v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd ban ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u00f3ng ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tia s\u00e1ng khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt cho t\u0103ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3-kheo.<\/p>\n

Kinh Di\u1ec7u-ph\u00e1p L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Saddharma Lank\u0101vat\u0101ra S\u016btra, \u5999\u6cd5\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u (Nisyanda, \u7b49\u6d41\u6cd5) ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u Ph\u1eadt (Dharmat\u0101nisyanda Buddha, \u7b49\u6d41\u4f5b) v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb b\u00e1o th\u00e2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00e2n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do ng\u00e0i tu t\u1eadp trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Trung-hoa d\u1ecbch \u2018Sambhogak\u0101ya\u2019 l\u00e0 Pao shen (\u5831\u8eab). Pao (\u5831) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i; th\u00e2n (\u5831\u8eab) l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. B\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c (vip\u0101ka, \u7570\u719f, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u (nisyanda, \u7b49\u6d41, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y). Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 lu\u1eadn sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tha-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 B\u00e1t-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt kinh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kinh ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00e2n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Lank\u0101vat\u0101ra, \u695e\u4f3d\u7d93) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u2018d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c\u2019 ho\u1eb7c \u2018\u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c th\u00e2n (Vip\u0101kajak\u0101ya, \u7570\u719f\u8eab)c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u-th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2018Tha-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n\u2019 (Parasambhogak\u0101ya, \u4ed6\u53d7\u7528\u8eab) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho th\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1ea1y: \u2018h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb khi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u2019.717 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00f5i S\u1eafc-c\u1ee9u-c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean (Akani\u1e63\u1e6dha, \u8272\u7a76\u7adf\u5929) v\u00e0 chung quanh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5.718 Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba. Nh\u1ea5t-b\u00e1ch-thi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00e0n tay, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay… c\u00e1c tia h\u00e0o quang chi\u1ebfu ra \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.719 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o th\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Trung qu\u00e1n (M\u0101dhyamika, \u4e2d\u8ad6).720<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharmak\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab)<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n gian (Samv\u1e5bti) v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i Long th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem th\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba cho l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

K\u0101rik\u0101721 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u (Siddhi, \u7b49\u6d41\u6cd5) g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (Svabh\u0101vika \/ Svabh\u0101va-k\u0101ya,\u81ea\u6027\u8eab), v\u00ec th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e3n t\u01b0\u1edbng (mah\u0101p\u016br\u1e47alaksanas, \u5927\u6eff\u76f8) v\u00e0 h\u00ed lu\u1eadn (ni\u1e63pra-pa\u00f1ca, \u6232\u8ad6). Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (gu\u1e47as, \u529f\u5fb7) v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang b\u00e1o th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebft (praty\u0101tmavedya, \u81ea\u8b49) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1a gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 nghe m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ra sao.<\/p>\n

Trong B\u00e1t-thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (Tathat\u0101, \u771f\u5982) ho\u1eb7c T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng (\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101, \u7a7a\u6027) ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Dharma-k\u0101ya, \u6cd5\u8eab) trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u0103n kinh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.”<\/p>\n

(Tathat\u0101vik\u0101r\u0101 nirvik\u0101r\u0101vikalp\u0101 nirvikalp\u0101).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00e1t-thi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u01b0-lai bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ban ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u khi n\u00e0o Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o Nh\u01b0-lai s\u1ebd \u0111i, h\u00e3y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0-lai trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.”<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ngang qua nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (l\u00fd Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng s\u00e1o t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nghe hay kh\u00f4ng. Ai ch\u1ea1y theo s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm Nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i xa v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 do th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00ed lu\u1eadn (prapadca) n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Khi Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0-lai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng ai \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0-lai. Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, tr\u1eeb khi v\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai, tuy nhi\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a vi t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0-lai. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh Kim-cang B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 (Vajracchedik\u0101 Praj\u0111\u0101-p\u0101ramit\u0101), kinh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1ea1ng (Bodhicary\u0101vat\u0101ra, \u83e9\u85a9\u85cf\u7d93)722 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Ai d\u00f9ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ta v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm Ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ta, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0-lai trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p (dharmat\u0101), v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai.”<\/p>\n

(Dharmato buddha dra\u1e63\u1e6davya dharmak\u0101ya h\u012b nayak\u0101yah, dharmat\u0101 c\u0101py avij\u00f1ey\u0101 na s\u0101 saky\u0101 vij\u0101nitu\u1e41).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, Dharmat\u0101, \u81ea\u6027\u6cd5) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o (nir\u0101lamba), v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u1eafc c\u0103n, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e3n quan c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Thanh-v\u0103n, B\u00edch-chi Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Sv\u0101bh\u0101vika-dharmak\u0101ya, \u81ea\u6027\u8eab). T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u00e0y vi t\u1ebf, th\u1eadm th\u00e2m, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Duy-th\u1ee9c Tam-th\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng (Trim\u015bik\u0101, \u60df\u8b58\u4e09\u5341\u8ad6\u980c) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1edf y (\u0101sraya, \u6240\u4f9d), a-l\u1ea1i-da-th\u1ee9c (\u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101na, \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58) th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed (j\u00f1\u0101na, \u6210\u667a) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n tan hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng (daus\u1e6dhulyas, \u4e8c\u969c) l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng (kle\u015b\u0101vara\u1e47a,\u7169\u60f1\u969c) v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng (j\u00f1ey\u0101vara\u1e47a, \u6240\u77e5\u969c).<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n-qu\u00e1n Trang-nghi\u00eam lu\u1eadn (Abhisamay\u0101-lank\u0101rak\u0101rik\u0101, \u73fe\u89c0\u838a\u56b4\u8ad6) c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n (Bodhip\u0101k\u1e63ika, \u83e9\u63d0\u5206) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed (j\u00f1\u0101n\u0101tman\u0101, \u771f\u667a) v\u00e0 ly h\u00ed lu\u1eadn (ni\u1e63prapa\u00f1ca, \u6232 \u8ad6) v\u00e0<\/p>\n

2) Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1edf y (\u0101sraya, \u6240\u4f9d) th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (Svabh\u0101vak\u0101ya, \u81ea\u6027\u8eab).<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che m\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh (avidy\u0101, \u7121\u660e) v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng (dharmata, \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101, \u6027\u7a7a) v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn (samat\u0101, \u5927) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (t\u1ef1-th\u1ecd-d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 tha-th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.723 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i hai b\u00ean. V\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (sv\u0101bh\u0101vika-k\u0101ya)724 nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n725 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.726<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i Li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n, B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Ba th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n, b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong kinh t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba. \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng (trong khi ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt). Qu\u00e1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n x\u1ee9ng ng\u00e0i \u2018ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb\u2019 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang sanh. Th\u00e2n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch c\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Th\u00e2n si\u00eau l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang sanh ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong hai th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, th\u00e2n th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 T\u00e1nh-kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (ph\u00e1p). B\u00e1o th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Tuy s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 ngay ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

GHI CH\u00da:<\/p>\n

676 Sn, trang 76 tr\u1edf \u0111i; M, I, trang 166 tr\u1edf \u0111i & 246 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

677 D, I, trang 87-8; LS, trang 144, 376; tr\u00edch trong Lalitavistara ed. P.L.Vaidya, BST, I, 1958, trang 3.<\/p>\n

678 Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean (Mah\u0101brahma) trong \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

679 M, III, trang 8.<\/p>\n

680 D, Lakkhana Sutta, ix, trang 236.<\/p>\n

681 D, Mah\u0101parinibb\u0101na Sutta, xiii, trang 182.<\/p>\n

682 DCBT, trang 337.<\/p>\n

683 M, Ariyapariyesana Sutta, I, trang 171.<\/p>\n

684 Loka (S) C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, Laukka (S): Th\u1ebf, Th\u1ebf gian; Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf c\u00f3: Tu di s\u01a1n, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chung quanh n\u00fai Tu di, T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110ao l\u1ee3i thi\u00ean, D\u1ea1 ma thi\u00ean, \u0110\u00e2u su\u1ea5t thi\u00ean, H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c thi\u00ean, Tha h\u00f3a thi\u00ean v\u00e0 S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean. M\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u qua b\u1ed1n k\u1ef3: th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ed1n k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Trung ki\u1ebfp, hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp. 1.000 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 mo\u00e4t \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1.000 ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 mo\u00e4t \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh Trung thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1.000 trung thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 mo\u00e4t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

685 Kath\u0101vatthu, ed. A.C. Taylor, London: PTS, 1894-95, XVII, 1 & 2. Kathavatthu (P) Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, Thuy\u1ebft s\u1ef1, Lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp trong b\u1ea3y t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng, g\u1ed3m 23 ph\u1ea9m, 217 b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n do ch\u00ednh tay M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf Tu, l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7 trong k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Hoa th\u1ecb, n\u0103m 250 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, do vua A D\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

686 N. Dutt, Buddhist Sects in India, Delhi: Motilal, rpt. 1998, trang 105.<\/p>\n

687 S, III, trang 140.<\/p>\n

688 Vasumitra (S) B\u00e0 tu m\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu, Thi\u00ean H\u1eefu, Ho\u00e0 tu m\u1eadt \u0111a?. C\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: 1) V\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, m\u1ed9t trong 28 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 I, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 T\u1ee9 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0. L\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a 500 hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 400 sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. 2) T\u00ean v\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 25 m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tham v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

689 Kath\u0101vatthu, XXI, trang 5.<\/p>\n

690 Andhaka (S) \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t la ph\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 bo\u00e1n b\u1ed9: \u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

691 Kath\u0101vatthu, XXVII, trang 3.<\/p>\n

692 N. Dutt, Buddhist Sects in India, Delhi: Motilal, 1998, trang 106-0.<\/p>\n

693 Kath\u0101vatthu, XXVII, V.9.<\/p>\n

694 N. Dutt, Buddhist Sects in India, Delhi: Motilal, 1998, trang 81.<\/p>\n

695 EB, III, trang 424.<\/p>\n

696 \u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma-mah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101-\u015b\u0101stra), t\u1eadp 76.<\/p>\n

697 Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, t\u1eadp 76.<\/p>\n

698 EB, III, trang 423-6.<\/p>\n

699 D, Mah\u0101parinibb\u0101na Sutta, trang 242.<\/p>\n

700 M, III, trang 7 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

701 N. Dutt, Mah\u0101y\u0101na Buddhism, Calcutta, 1976, trang 159.<\/p>\n

702 S, Vakkalia sutta, III, trang 110 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

703 PP, trang 234.<\/p>\n

704 Atthasalini (P) Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn ch\u00fa, Lu\u1eadn Th\u00f9 Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

705 N. Dutt, trang 142.<\/p>\n

706 Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, trang 144.<\/p>\n

707 Kacilindika (S) Ca chi\u00ean l\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0, Ca chi\u00ean l\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1, Ca gi\u00e0 l\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3u, Th\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim.<\/p>\n

708 N. Dutt, trang 136-7.<\/p>\n

709 N. Dutt, trang 145.<\/p>\n

710 \u91d1 \u525b \u822c \u82e5 \u6ce2 \u7f85 \u5bc6 \u7d93, \u4f5b \u5b78 \u696d \u66f8, \u53f0 \u9e1e, \u4e00 \u4e5d \u4e5d \u516b, trang 130.<\/p>\n

711 Akobhya-tath\u0101gatasya-vy\u016bha s\u016btra (S): A s\u00fac Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c Kinh, Kinh A s\u00fac, Kinh A s\u00fac Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c S\u00e1t Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ecdc Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00edch B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u01b0 lai H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

712 Vajrap\u0101ni (S) Kim Cang Th\u1ee7 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Channa Dorje (T), Vajirap\u0101ni (P): Ch\u1ea5p Kim cang B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, B\u00ed M\u1eadt Ch\u1ee7 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, Kim Cang Th\u1ee7 D\u01b0\u1ee3c Xoa T\u01b0\u1edbng, Kim Cang L\u1ef1c s\u0129, Kim Cang M\u1eadt t\u00edch, Ch\u1ea5p Kim cang, Ch\u1ea5p Kim cang th\u1ea7n, M\u1eadt T\u00edch L\u1ef1c s\u0129, Kim Cang T\u00e1t \u0111\u00f5a.<\/p>\n

713Yena \u015a\u0101kyamuni-tath\u0101gat\u0101dir\u016bpe\u1e47\u0101sa\u1e41s\u0101ra\u1e41 sarvaloka-dh\u0101tu\u1e63u sat-tv\u0101n\u0101\u1e41 sam\u012bhitara artha\u1e41 sama\u1e47karoty asau k\u0101ya\u1e25, prabandhatay\u0101nuparato nairm\u0101\u1e47iko buddhasya bhagavata\u1e25 . . . tath\u0101 coktam: karoti yena citr\u0101\u1e47i hit\u0101ni jagata\u1e25 samam; \u0101bhav\u0101t so’nupacchinna\u1e25 k\u0101yo nair\u1e41\u0101niko mune\u1e25. Abhisamay \u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r \u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda, trang 532.<\/p>\n

714 Xem Buston, trang 133 tr\u1edf \u0111i. Uttaratantra of Asa\u1e45ga, trang 245 tr\u1edf \u0111i (Obermiller\u2019s Trans. Acta Orientalia, T\u1eadp IX, 1931).<\/p>\n

715 Abhisamay\u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r\u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda, trang 525.<\/p>\n

716 N. Dutt, trang 157.<\/p>\n

717 Buston, t\u1eadp I, trang 129.<\/p>\n

718 Dv\u0101tri\u1e41\u015bal lak\u1e63a\u1e47\u0101sitivya\u00f1jan\u0101tm\u0101 muner ayam; S\u0101mbhogiko mata\u1e25 k\u0101yo mah\u0101y\u0101nopabhogata\u1e25. Abhisamay \u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r \u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda, trang 526.<\/p>\n

719 \u015aata S\u0101hasrik\u0101, trang 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

720 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p-t\u00fa (Dharmamitra), (M\u0101dhyamika, Buston, t\u1eadp I trang 131 tr\u1edf \u0111i). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p-t\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Prasphu\u1e6dap\u0101da v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y-t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

721 K\u0101rik\u0101 (k\u0101raka): L\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, s\u00fac t\u00edch, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft (concise statement in verse of, doctrine); tr\u00edch trong A Sanskrit English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, print 14 times, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1997, trang 274.<\/p>\n

722 GBWL, trang 42.<\/p>\n

723 Ye m\u0101\u1e41 r\u016bpe\u1e47a c\u0101dr\u0101k\u1e63ur ye m\u0101\u1e41 gho\u1e63e\u1e47a anvayu\u1e25 mithy\u0101prah\u0101\u1e47a-pras\u1e5bt\u0101 na m\u0101\u1e41 drak\u1e63yanti te jan\u0101\u1e25 dharmato Buddh\u0101 dra\u1e63\u1e6davy\u0101 dharmak\u0101ya hi n\u0101yak\u0101\u1e25 dharmat\u0101 c\u0101py avij\u00f1ey\u0101 na s\u0101 \u015baky\u0101 vij\u0101nitum. Vajracchedik\u0101, trang 43, tr\u00edch trong MKV, trang 448; Bodhicary\u0101v\u0101t\u0101ra, \u0100c\u0101rya \u015a\u0101ntideva, trang 421. uktaih hy etad Bhagavata: dharmak\u0101ya Buddh\u0101 Bhagavanta\u1e25 m\u0101 khalu punar ima\u1e41 bhik\u1e63ava\u1e25 satk\u0101ya\u1e41 k\u0101ya\u1e41 manyadhva\u1e41 dharmak\u0101ya parini\u1e63pattito m\u0101m bhik\u1e63avo drak\u1e63yanty e\u1e63a ca Tath\u0101gatak\u0101ya\u1e25. A\u1e63\u1e6da S\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj N\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101, (Bib.Indica), trang 94. mukhyato dharmak\u0101yas tath\u0101gata\u1e25. Abhisamay \u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r \u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda. trang 181. C\u0169ng xem trang 205 & 521 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

724 Sarv\u0101k\u0101r\u0101m vi\u015buddhi\u1e41 ye dharm\u0101\u1e25 pr\u0101pt\u0101 nir\u0101srav\u0101\u1e25; sv\u0101bh\u0101viko mune\u1e25 k\u0101yas te\u1e63\u0101m prak\u1e5bti-lak\u1e63a\u1e47a\u1e25. Abhisamay \u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r \u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda, trang 523.<\/p>\n

725 Outlines of Mah\u0101y\u0101na, trang 223-4.<\/p>\n

726 Abhisamay \u0100la\u1e41k\u0101r \u0100loka of Haribhadra, G.O.S., Baroda, trang 523 tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T V\u00c0 T\u00c1NH KH\u00d4NG TRONG KINH T\u1ea0NG PALI V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kheo Ni Th\u00edch N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee8C \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":54,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3022","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3022"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4035,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3022\/revisions\/4035"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}