{"id":2966,"date":"2012-11-21T09:46:47","date_gmt":"2012-11-21T09:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2966"},"modified":"2012-11-21T09:46:47","modified_gmt":"2012-11-21T09:46:47","slug":"thuc-thu-tam","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2966","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?
\nI\/ Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\n1\/ T\u00e2m
\n2\/ A L\u1ea1i Gia Th\u1ee9c
\n3\/ D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9c
\n4\/ Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7ng Th\u1ee9c
\n5\/ S\u1edf Tri Y
\n6\/ S\u01a1 N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c
\n7\/ V\u00f4 C\u00e3u Th\u1ee9c
\n8\/ C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c
\n9\/ Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng
\n10\/ A \u00d0\u00e0 Na Th\u1ee9c
\nII\/ Kh\u1ea3o S\u00e1t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\n1\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i
\n2\/ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Edgar Cayce
\n3\/ T\u1eeb \u00d0\u00e0n \u00f4ng sinh l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0
\n4\/ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft A nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft B
\n5\/ S\u1ef1 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng
\nIII- Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sinh
\n1\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean
\nA\/ Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi
\nB\/ Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e3ng Quan
\nC\/ Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tam Th\u1ebf L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Tr\u00f9ng Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u1eedu B\u1ed9
\n2\/ Nghi\u1ec7p
\nA\/ \u00d0\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p
\nB\/ T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i
\nC\/ L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p
\nD\/ Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na Th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p
\nE\/ N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang
\nIV-Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\n1\/ L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn
\nA\/ N\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n
\nB\/ C\u00e2u h\u1eedu nh\u00e2n
\nC\/ \u00d0\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n
\nD\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n
\nE\/ Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n
\nF\/ D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n
\n2\/ T\u1ee9 duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn
\nA\/ S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 4 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 10 duy\u00ean
\nB\/ S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 10 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 24 duy\u00ean
\nC\/ S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 24 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 4 duy\u00ean
\nD\/ Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean
\n(1) Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean
\n(2) Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 duy\u00ean
\n(3) S\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean
\n(4) T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean
\n3\/ Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u0103m qu\u1ea3
\nA\/ D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3
\nB\/ \u00d0\u1eb5ng l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3
\nC\/ S\u0129 d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3
\nD\/ T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3
\nE\/ Ly h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3
\n4\/ B\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u1eedu B\u1ed9
\nA\/ An l\u1eadp qu\u1ea3
\nB\/ Gia h\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3
\nC\/ H\u00f2a h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3
\nD\/ Tu t\u1eadp qu\u1ea3
\n5\/ T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh
\nA\/ Theo lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
\nB\/ Theo lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
\nC\/ \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh
\nD\/ D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p
\nV- S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\n1\/ \u00dd ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p
\n2\/ Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i
\n3\/ Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i
\n4\/ Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u
\nA\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9
\nB\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi
\nC\/ Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai c\u0103n
\nD\/ Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m trong Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 T\u00e2m \u1ea4n (m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n

TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA TR\u0102M PH\u00c1P c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u00f4n : “Nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3”. H\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb5ng nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p. V\u00e2n h\u00e0 vi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”. (Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i : “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3”. V\u1eady c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p”. V\u00e0 sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3”?).<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai :<\/p>\n

“Nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3, L\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eefu ng\u0169 ch\u1ee7ng: Nh\u1ee9t gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2m S\u1edf H\u1eefu Ph\u00e1p, tam gi\u1ea3 S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p, ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3 V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p”. (N\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00f3n : 1\/ T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f3 8 m\u00f3n). 2\/T\u00e2m S\u1edf H\u1eedu Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f3 51 m\u00f3n). 3\/ S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n). 4\/ T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh (c\u00f3 24 m\u00f3n). 5\/ V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p (c\u00f3 6 m\u00f3n). T\u1ed5ng c\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 100 ph\u00e1p. (1)<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef PH\u00c1P (nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh qu\u1ec9 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i) l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khu\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ta m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. (2)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 ?<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai m\u00f3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 NH\u01a0N V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 v\u00e0 PH\u00c1P V\u00d4 NG\u00c3.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n , t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 M\u00ccNH, l\u00e0 TA, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 NH\u01a0N NG\u00c3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt quanh ta nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v… l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 PH\u00c1P NG\u00c3. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 NH\u01a0N v\u00e0 PH\u00c1P \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u00ean trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc n\u00f3i “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u01a1n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xin li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u00e1m m\u00f3n T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p (Citta, Mind):<\/p>\n

1\/ Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c (Consciousness dependent upon Sight). 2\/Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c (Consciousness dependent upon Sound). 3\/T\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9c (Consciouness dependent upon Smell). 4\/ Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c (Consciousness dependent upon Taste). 5\/Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c (Consciousness dependent upon Touch). 6\/ \u00dd Th\u1ee9c (Consciouness dependent upon mentation). 7\/ M\u1ea1t Na Th\u1ee9c (Klista-mano vijnana) (Soiled mind consciousness). 8\/ A L\u1ea1i Gia Th\u1ee9c (Alya vijnana) (Repository consciousness). (3)<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ghi tr\u00ean TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A L\u1ea1i Gia Th\u1ee9c trong T\u00e1m M\u00f3n T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\nT\u00f9y theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M n\u1ea7y :<\/p>\n

I\/ NH\u1eeeNG T\u00caN G\u1eccI C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

1\/ T\u00c2M : Trong Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7: “Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01a1n d\u1ee5c li\u1ec5u tri. Tam th\u1ebf nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt. \u01afng qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh. Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o”.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u kinh lu\u1eadn c\u00f2n n\u00f3i : “Tam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c”, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u00c2M v\u00ec c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ph\u00e0m phu, Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i T\u00c2M n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u1eed t\u00e2m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 :<\/p>\n

a\/ Ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

b\/ Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

c\/ Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1eadp kh\u00ed sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra T\u00c2M c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t gieo tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng :<\/p>\n

“T\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t gieo h\u1ea1t. M\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y. T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0, To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y” (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) (Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh).
\nTrong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00c2M nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0110\u1ecba l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7) gieo tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

2\/ A L\u1ea0I GIA TH\u1ee8C<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m THE VINAPTIM\u00c3TRAT\u00c3SIDDHI-TRIMSIK\u00c3 c\u1ee7a Vasubanddhu t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 DUY TH\u1ee8C TAM TH\u1eacP T\u1ee4NG c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdan nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 A L\u1ea1i Gia, (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, Nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3(ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd), k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (x\u1ee9), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (li\u1ec5u). T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u00f3m bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 X\u00fac, T\u00e1c \u00dd, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 T\u01b0. Trong n\u0103m m\u00f3n Th\u1ecd (l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, \u01afu tho, H\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, X\u00e3 th\u1ecd) th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi X\u00e3 th\u1ecd. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 ph\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed trong th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n m\u1edbi x\u00e3 b\u1ecf (c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh Tr\u00ed)”. (4)<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 tham, s\u00e2n, si… che l\u1ea5p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ph\u00fa (kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p hay l\u00e0m d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y li\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec mi\u1ebfng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh “v\u00f4 k\u00fd ” trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Alaya l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef Sanskrit ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

a\/ Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i kho c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a l\u00faa (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103ng T\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n

b\/ Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kho, ch\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1edf T\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n

c\/ Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 canh gi\u1eef. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y xem th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi xa (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 \u00c1i Ch\u1ea5p T\u00e0ng) .<\/p>\n

3\/ D\u1eca TH\u1ee4C TH\u1ee8C<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb D\u1eca TH\u1ee4C. V\u1eady D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? D\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f2n Th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1eef D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a :<\/p>\n

a\/ Kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u00edn : v\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5i t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

b\/ Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ch\u00edn : V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5i khi xanh th\u00ec ch\u00e1t, khi ch\u00edn th\u00ec ng\u1ecdt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5i xanh ch\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5i ch\u00edn ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n

c\/ Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i khi ch\u00edn : c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ed5i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, khi c\u00f2n non th\u00ec \u1ed5i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eadm, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn th\u00ec tr\u00e1i \u1ed5i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 m\u00e0u l\u1ea1i tr\u1eafng \u1eedng h\u1ed3ng. Hay nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i khi c\u00f2n non th\u00ec m\u00e0u xanh, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong T\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c khi kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Jean Paul Sarte (1905-1980) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec x\u00e3 b\u1ecf th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y (Kim Cang \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eadu D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

4\/ NH\u1ee8T TH\u1ebe CH\u1ee6NG TH\u1ee8C<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb NH\u1ee8T TH\u1ebe CH\u1ee6NG. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7ng Th\u1eedc. V\u00ec th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eedu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian…<\/p>\n

Trong Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

a\/ S\u00e1t Na Di\u1ec7t : C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng sanh r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhanh t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong t\u00e2m ta c\u00f3 l\u00fac ni\u1ec1m vui sinh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3…<\/p>\n

b\/ Qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2u h\u1eedu: Trong khi qu\u1ea3 sinh ra c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u00f4i v\u1eeba l\u00e0m b\u1ec5 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh tr\u00e0 th\u1eadt qu\u00ed n\u00ean t\u00f4i li\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c trong l\u00f2ng…<\/p>\n

c\/ H\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec5n : C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

d\/ T\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh : T\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed thi\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng kinh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u00edch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm n\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecbnh tu…C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i h\u00fat x\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh…<\/p>\n

e\/ \u0110\u00e3i ch\u00fang duy\u00ean : H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ta c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

f\/ D\u1eabn T\u1ef1 Qu\u1ea3 : \u0110em l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 sinh ra c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadu, h\u1ea1t \u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 sinh ra c\u00e2y \u1ed5i…<\/p>\n

Trong Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7ng Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i “Nh\u01a1n T\u01b0\u1edbng” c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Gia. Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 :”Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1ebf V\u00f4 L\u1eadu Ch\u1ee7ng Th\u1ee9c”.<\/p>\n

5\/ S\u1ede TRI Y :<\/p>\n

T\u00ean n\u1ea7y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u1ee9\u1edbc. V\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (s\u1edf tri) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p “s\u1edf tri” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ba t\u00e1nh : Bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1nh, Y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc (s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp).<\/p>\n

6\/ S\u01a0 N\u0102NG BI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C:<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t n\u1ea7y. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 n\u00f3i : “C\u00e1c Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 do Th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i”. Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c. (Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (t\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c), Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c, T\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

7\/ V\u00d4 C\u1ea4U TH\u1ee8C:<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c hay Y\u00eam Ma La Th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m. V\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9a gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an v\u00f4 l\u1eadu thanh t\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3, t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. V\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec3m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 V\u00f4 C\u1ea5u Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

8\/ C\u0102N B\u1ea2N TH\u1ee8C:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c. C\u1ea3 ph\u00e0m l\u1eabn th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

9\/ NH\u01af LAI T\u1ea0NG:<\/p>\n

T\u00ean n\u1ea7y h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang h\u1eedu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 “Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh Nh\u01b0 Lai”. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m che l\u1ea5p (ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 ng\u0103n che). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gh\u00e9p hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “Nh\u01b0 Lai thanh t\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n” (l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef Nh\u01b0 Lai) gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi “v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m” (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng) t\u00e0nh t\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

10\/ A \u0110\u00c0 NA TH\u1ee8C:<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 : “Th\u1ee9c A \u0110\u00e0 Na r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ta (\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y; v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m Ng\u00e3”.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e3nh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ee9c A \u0110\u00e0 Na r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 “Ch\u01a1n” ho\u1eb7c “Phi Ch\u01a1n”, n\u00ean Ta (\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y”.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. Do \u0111\u00f3 Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4n r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. Trong hai b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1eedu t\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n m\u00e3i n\u00ean xem ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng sanh di\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9ng xa tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00fang ph\u00e0m phu ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m “ch\u01a1n ng\u00e3” m\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c m\u00e3i trong v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00ea t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u c\u00e1i “th\u1eadt ng\u00e3” ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xong. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn (c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. Trong Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

A \u0110\u00e0 Na l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “TR\u00cc” (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn).
\nTrong Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u1edf quy\u1ec3n ba c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau: “Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ba c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A \u0110\u00e0 Na. Ba c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

(1) Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn (ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec) ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

(2) Gi\u1eef ch\u1ecbu (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd) c\u0103n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

(3) Gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7) vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi sau<\/p>\n

Xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi tr\u00ean :<\/p>\n

(1) GI\u1eee G\u00ccN (ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec) CH\u1ee6NG T\u1eec C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P:<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho hai lo\u1ea1i : “H\u1eedu l\u1eadu h\u1eedu vi” l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt , v\u00e0 “V\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1eedu vi” l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y xin th\u00eam, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n , \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng do \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c do \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 do c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu v.v… H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u00e1c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u1ecd tr\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u00e1c l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u1eb1m trong TH\u1ee8C n\u1ea7y. Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e3y n\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y con m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t…
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng do h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

(2) GI\u1eee CH\u1ecaU (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd) C\u0102N TH\u00c2N v\u00e0 TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI :<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi gian sinh v\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chung quanh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tai n\u1ea1n v.v… b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea7y th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung quanh v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e3y ra cho h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft h\u1ee5t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd tan r\u00e3. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh ta theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc T\u1ef0 BI\u1ebeN v\u00e0 C\u1eccNG BI\u1ebeN v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y n\u1eefa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u1ea5y. V\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ea5y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, m\u01b0\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t… Tr\u00e3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m g\u1ed1p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, g\u1ed1p c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a khang trang. Qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 T\u1ef0 BI\u1ebeN (\u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a) v\u00e0 C\u1eccNG BI\u1ebeN (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3) m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u1ea7y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh ta \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 C\u1ecdng Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb5ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Do nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (c\u0103n th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.
\nNh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

(3) GI\u1eee L\u1ea4Y (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7) VI\u1ec6C K\u1ebeT N\u1ed0I \u0110\u1edcI SAU :<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t trong ki\u1ebfp sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ecd n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 v\u00ec do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tham lam, s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn, si m\u00ea…) t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng, do c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh d\u1eaft d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng, th\u00e2n \u0111ang ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi sau, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y v\u1eady.
\nNh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1eadu ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

II- KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T S\u1ef0 HI\u1ec6N DI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ngi\u1ec7m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 n\u0103ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, m\u1edbi l\u00ean b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n k\u1ef7 h\u00e0 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u00edch t\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc do Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu v\u00e0 c\u01a1 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp, duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

1- NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1eccA XU\u1ed0NG L\u00c0M NG\u1ef0A V\u00c0 T\u00c1I SINH L\u00c0M NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1ede L\u1ea0I<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan v\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh Giang Nam (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f9i ch\u00e2n tr\u00e1i l\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc ra d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u1ed3i gh\u1ebf ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n x\u1eed oan \u1ee9c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfp ng\u1ef1a.
\nKi\u1ebfp ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1n tr\u00e3 xong n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i x\u01b0a n\u00ean ki\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tuy th\u1ebf v\u1ebft t\u00edch l\u00f4ng ng\u1ef1a m\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ebft t\u00edch lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i ng\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean cho ta th\u1ea5y trong ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00fa v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n do Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu n\u01a1i l\u00f2ai v\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.
\n(t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch trong “T\u00edn Tr\u1eebng L\u1ee5c” do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda Th\u00edch B\u1ea3o L\u1ea1c d\u1ecbch) (5) .<\/p>\n

2- TR\u01af\u1edcNG H\u1ee2P EDGAR CAYCE<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp xin d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Edgar Caycy \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. E.Caycy sinh t\u1ea1i Christian Country, Kentucky Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1877, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh m\u1ea5t h\u1eb5n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu thua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeda tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 “th\u00f4i mi\u00ean truy h\u1ed3n” ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch tr\u00b8 li\u1ec7u cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c, n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean do \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eeda tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3 E. Caycy \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng “thu\u1eadt th\u00f4i mi\u00ean truy h\u1ed3n” \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eeda l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh cho h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1eeda b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. (6)<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eeda tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 Mary E. Carter v\u00e0 Dr. William A. McGarey nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u E. Caycy trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “Edgar Caycy On Healing”. (7)<\/p>\n

E. Caycy c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3an cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa \u00f4ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1…<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y cho ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an ng\u00f2ai t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eeda tr\u1ecb h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1eedu hi\u1ec7u…<\/p>\n

3-T\u1eea \u0110\u00c0N \u00d4NG SINH L\u00c0M \u0110\u00c0N B\u00c0<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y do B\u00e1c s\u0129 Ian Stevenson, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia (8).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh) l\u00fac sinh ra c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t g\u1ea7n s\u00e1t b\u00e0n tay. C\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp kinh h\u00f2an \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 nghe nh\u01b0 sau : ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t c\u0103m gi\u1eadn quy\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 cho con g\u00e1i m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00e0 thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t t\u00ean gi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1edbn d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thanh ki\u1ebfm ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c kia, anh ta s\u1ee3 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a tay ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 la l\u00ean : Tr\u1eddi \u01a1i! \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ebft t\u00f4i ! Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean gi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1edbn v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng tay, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfm c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m anh ta ch\u1ebft ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ian Stevenson \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u1eed t\u1ecda xem h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 g\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t ngay t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean cho ta k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai di\u1ec1u : M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 trong ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mang nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ecd sang \u0111\u1eddi kia, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111em nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

4-TR\u01af\u1edcNG H\u1ee2P TH\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI V\u1eeaA CH\u1ebeT A NH\u1eacP V\u00c0O X\u00c1C C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI V\u1eeaA CH\u1ebeT B<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1”LU\u00c2N H\u1ed4I” c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa, do Ch\u00f9a Kh\u00e1nh Anh t\u1ea1i Paris in l\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi n\u0103m in l\u1ea1i) c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau : C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3n 30 n\u0103m, x\u00e3y ra t\u1ea1i C\u00e0 M\u00e2u, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n x\u00f4n xao v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thay nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e1c n\u1ea7y.
\nT\u1ea1i X\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea7m D\u01a1i (C\u00e0 M\u00e2u) \u1edf l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau c\u00f3 c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i 19 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i qua \u0111\u1eddi. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebfc, trong ni\u1ec1m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7u mong sao cho con g\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00f4 c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebd, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u00e0ng V\u0129nh M\u1ef9 (B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau) gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i tr\u1ebd d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i qua \u0111\u1eddi. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ma chay t\u1eabn l\u1ecbm th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u00f4 g\u00e1i b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y t\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc chi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4 ch\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa m\u1eebng n\u1eefa s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i… C\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111ang h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p b\u00e1n t\u00edn b\u00e1n nghi, c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau \u1edf l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t X\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea7m D\u01a1i C\u00e0 M\u00e2u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng ho\u00e3n s\u1ee3 cho r\u1eb1ng ma nh\u1eadp x\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd th\u1ea7y tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang. C\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u0129nh b\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ma qu\u1ec9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i d\u1eabn c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u0169 \u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. Qua m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ec9 \u00e1m hay ma nh\u1eadp chi c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u chi v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t m\u00e3y may n\u00e0o. C\u00f4 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111i C\u00e0 M\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt h\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o…<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1eeba v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt h\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4m h\u00f4n cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi m\u1eebng r\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i \u0111i r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc pha tr\u00e0 m\u1eddi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft… Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Hi\u00eau x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i y\u00eau qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u1ea5y sau n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1ee1ng hai ph\u1ea7n gia t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp h\u1eadu ki\u1ebfp x\u00e3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u00fd \u1ee9c ghi nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua th\u00ec b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n…<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau…<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i theo nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thai, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Reincarnation. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng do \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 sinh di\u1ec7t. v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra, l\u1edbn l\u00ean r\u1ed3i g\u00eca ch\u1ebft \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed5i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed \u1ea5y do Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eaft d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p (Volitional action, karma) trong nhi\u1ec1u Kinh. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn NGHI\u1ec6P l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tham (covetousness (raga)) , S\u00e2n (hatred, anger (pratigha)), v\u00e0 Si (delusion (moha)), \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Tham, Kh\u00f4ng S\u00e2n, Kh\u00f4ng Si.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y :”Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 thai t\u1ea1ng sinh ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. (Owners of their Karma are the beings, heirs of their karma, the karma is their womb from which they are born. Majjhima Nikaya 135).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc La H\u00e1n (v\u00f4 sinh) v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Du c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft trong Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u r\u1eb1ng :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 mang l\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u00e2n
\nC\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng tr\u00e1ch l\u1eabn tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n tr\u1eddi xa
\nThi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u1edf t\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng ta
\nCh\u1eef t\u00e2m kia m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ba ch\u1eef t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef NGHI\u1ec6P trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

1\/ C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p (weighty karma): nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c…<\/p>\n

2\/ T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p (habitual karma): nghi\u1ec7p do th\u00f3i quen hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

3\/ T\u00edch l\u0169y nghi\u1ec7p (stored-up karma): nghi\u1ec7p do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

4\/ C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p (death-proximate karma): nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fac g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

5\/ N\u0103ng h\u1ee7y nghi\u1ec7p (ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 destructive karma) : \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed nh\u01b0 g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n xe c\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u1eafn gi\u1ebft v.v..<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i N\u0103ng H\u1ee7y Nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n k\u1ef3 th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft tr\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y kinh d\u1ecb, m\u00ecnh m\u1eaby cong queo hay m\u1eaft m\u1edf tr\u1eebng tr\u1eebng, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed3m h\u00e1 h\u1ed1c v.v..<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p chung, nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang, nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v.v…
\nN\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean 60 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa qu\u00ean \u0111i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c…c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. Khi nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c d\u1eaft d\u1eabn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh qua ki\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

5- S\u1ef0 H\u00d3A TH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A NH\u1eeeNG V\u1eca L\u1ea0T MA T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i do nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n…<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eang c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng (c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Dung tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t 1993) theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma h\u00f3a th\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1419 khi \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Tsong Khapa qua \u0111\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01b0 Gedun Truppa thay th\u1ebf cho Ng\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Gedun Truppa ra s\u1ee9c ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh v\u00e0 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ra s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec5n ph\u00e1i Geluppas (ph\u00e1i m\u0169 v\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Gedun Truppa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 do Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Sau khi Ng\u00e0i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed d\u00f2 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nghe c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng k\u1ebf c\u1eadn th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u00f3 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 m\u1edbi hai tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Gedun Truppa Sau nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc chung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c xong h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o Ng\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ra \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng sai. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd m\u1edbi hai tu\u1ed5i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe…<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u00e2n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m S\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Gedun Gyatso. V\u1ecb S\u01b0 n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh n\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb S\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e2\u00f9 thai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadu b\u00e9 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i r\u01b0\u1edfi \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 xa th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng Gedun Gyatso. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00e9 b\u1ea3o cha m\u1eb9 r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 lo tr\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y mai \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch qu\u00ed. C\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nghe l\u1eddi b\u00e9 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1eadu ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. Qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 cho l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng cho b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. M\u1eddi c\u1eadu b\u00e9 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5n phong Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sonaw Gyatso. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u00e2n sau t\u1ecf ra t\u00e0i ba l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi do Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00eam l\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Sonaw Gyatso l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u1edbng hung h\u00e3n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edbng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 phong \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u mong \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5.
\nN\u0103m 1588 \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Sonaw Gyatso qua \u0111\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1593 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phong Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m S\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Yonsten Gyatso (Ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5), nh\u1edd t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sau khi Ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 5 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lobsang Gyatso. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma n\u1ea7y cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u0103ng ni c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed3n vinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 13 l\u00e0 Thupten Gyatso c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd h\u00f3a th\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Sau khi Ng\u00e0i m\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng S\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 xua qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c em b\u00e9 Lhamo sau n\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 14 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u00e0i ba l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xem Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 V\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 mang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 1959 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam khuya Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i b\u00ed m\u1eadt r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1ee1ng Nobel H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u1ea7y (trong ph\u1ea7n ( I ) c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m).<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, qua v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau (Theo s\u00e1ch “The Bu\u0111ha and his teachinngs” c\u1ee7a N\u00e3rada Maha Thera, b\u1ea3n in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec 1973, do \u0110\u00e0i Loan in l\u1ea1i trang 238 – 239) :<\/p>\n

“1- V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

2- S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3- S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

4- T\u1ea1i sao hai tr\u1ebd sinh \u0111\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nhau y h\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nhau m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

5- T\u1ea1i sao trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt (lai gi\u1ed1ng) truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec con c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nhau h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

6- T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

7- T\u1ea1i sao cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

8- T\u1ea1i sao tr\u1ebd con c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ganh t\u1ef5…<\/p>\n

9- T\u1ea1i sao khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ta d\u00e3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m hay \u00e1c c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

10- T\u1ea1i sao trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

11- T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, b\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng hay k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

12- T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cha m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 sanh con hung \u00e1c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 hung d\u1eef l\u1ea1i sanh con hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

13- T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

14- Theo thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 b\u1eadc to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7…”<\/p>\n

III-CH\u1ee8C N\u0102NG C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M TH\u1ec2 HI\u1ec6N QUA NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN V\u00c0 NGHI\u1ec6P D\u1eaaN T\u00c1I SINH<\/p>\n

1-M\u01af\u1edcI HAI NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN (Paticca Samupp\u00e3da)
\nTrong ti\u1ebfng Pa-Li t\u1eeb Paticca ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “b\u1edfi v\u00ec” hay “t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i”, Samupp\u00e3da l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1t sanh” hay “xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Paticca Samupp\u00e3da c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh… t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0\u1ecd… ” hay “b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 A n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 B…”. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 A n\u00ean B m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sanh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 B n\u00ean C m\u1edbi sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n cho c\u00e1i sau v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.
\nTrong chu\u1ed5i d\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, Nghi\u1ec7p do th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u do Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c…
\nKhi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eedu l\u1eadu (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ea7y khi kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng v\u00f4 minh, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed) , ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong s\u00e1ng, t\u1eeb bi l\u1ee3i tha, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i). Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp Duy Th\u1ee9c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eedu l\u1eadu t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eedu l\u1eadu khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu thanh t\u1ecbnh.
\nSau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 “c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u thai. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u thai v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u00fac v\u1eadt, ma qu\u1ec9, ti\u00ean, th\u00e1nh…Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n – Duy\u00ean – Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 The Wheel of Life, nh\u01b0 sau :
\n1- V\u00f4 Minh (avidy\u00e3, ignorance) : S\u1ef1 m\u00ea m\u1edd, cu\u1ed3ng si c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c
\n2- H\u00e0nh (samsk\u00e3ra, karma-formations) : c\u00e1c t\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c
\n3- Th\u1ee9c (Vijn\u00e3na, consciousness) : Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\n4- Danh S\u1eafc (n\u00e3mar\u0169pa, mentality and corporeality) : Danh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, S\u1eafc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd
\n5- L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp (sabd\u00e3yatana, six sense spheres) : T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng,v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p
\n6- X\u00fac (sp\u00e3rsa, impression) : s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c
\n7- Th\u1ecd (vedan\u00e3, feeling) : S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd
\n8- \u00c1i (sneha, craving) : s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch
\n9- Th\u1ee7 (up\u00e3d\u00e3na, attachment) : s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p
\n10- H\u1eedu (bh\u00e3va, process of becoming) s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, c\u1ee7a sinh
\nm\u1ec7nh
\n11- Sinh (j\u00e3ti, birth) : s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c
\n12- L\u00e3o t\u1eed (jar\u00e3- marana, decay and death) : s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 nua v\u00e0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t.
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nA- NGU\u1ed4N G\u1ed0C C\u1ee6A L\u00dd DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI (12 NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN)
\nSau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb5ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Buddha Gay\u00e3) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (vimutti sukha). Trong \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean (Paticca samupp\u00e3da) theo chi\u1ec1u xu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 sau: “Khi c\u00e1i [nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n] n\u1ea7y c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i [k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3] n\u1ea7y c\u00f3; v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i [nh\u00e2n] n\u1ea7y, c\u00e1i [qu\u1ea3] n\u1ea7y ph\u00e1t sinh”. (when this [cause] exists, this [effect] is; with the arising of this [cause], this [effect] arises). (9)
\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1eeb n\u01a1i V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c Danh S\u1eafc ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i Danh S\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c c\u0103n ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i L\u1ee5c C\u0103n, X\u00fac ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i x\u00fac, Th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i Th\u1ecd, \u00c1i D\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u00c1i D\u1ee5c, Th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i Th\u1ee7, H\u1eedu ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i H\u1eedu c\u00f3 Sinh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i Sinh m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh b\u1ecbnh, L\u00e3o T\u1eed, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (soka), ta th\u00e1n (parideva), \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (dukkha), \u00e2u s\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.
\nC\u0169ng trong \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 suy ni\u1ec7m 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau : “Khi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y, qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.” (when this cause does not exit, this effect is not; with the cessation of this cause, this effect ceases).
\nNguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u00e3 nh\u01b0 sau : V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Minh, h\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn “v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a Sanh, B\u1ecbnh, T\u1eed, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ta th\u00e1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u00e2u s\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.”
\nV\u00e0o kho\u1ea3n canh ba \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t sanh” theo chi\u1ec1u xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau : “Khi nh\u01a1n n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u01a1n n\u1ea7y qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y ph\u00e1t sinh. Khi nh\u01a1n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u01a1n n\u1ea7y, qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.”
\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau : “T\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t sinh v.v..Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5m d\u01b0t v.v.. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.”
\nTrong Kinh A-H\u00e0m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y :
\n“C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y sinh th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia sinh”
\n“C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t”
\n(Amasmin sati idam hoti imas’uppada idam uppajiati, imasanim arati
\nidam na hoti imassa nirodba idam nirvjjhati, yad idam…).
\nNh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 l\u00fd Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi. Khi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quang sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eedu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a minh th\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a 12 chi trong l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau (10) :
\n“C\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo! X\u01b0a kia, khi ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c, ta t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y th\u1eadt do nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 (kiccha) r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c: sinh, g\u00eca, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sinh ra, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tho\u00e1t ly c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly ? L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi : nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft ? Do \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft ?
\nB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 sinh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, do sinh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft.
\nL\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 : nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 h\u1eedu, c\u00f3 \u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 x\u00fac, c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc ?
\nB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y : do c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc, nh\u1edd Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc.
\nR\u1ed3i ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi : do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c , l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c ?
\nB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ta t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 , Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u00fang sinh) c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, sinh, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y danh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ea5y danh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, l\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00fac v.v… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n.
\nL\u1edbn thay nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y ! Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, v\u1edbi ta, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 sinh m\u1eaft, sinh tr\u00ed, sinh tu\u1ec7, sinh s\u00e1ng, sinh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.
\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft ?
\nC\u00e1i g\u00ec di\u1ec7t th\u00ec gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft di\u1ec7t ?
\nR\u1ed3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y : kh\u00f4ng sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, sinh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft di\u1ec7t.
\nL\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eedu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng danh s\u1eafc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec di\u1ec7t th\u00ec danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t ?
\nR\u1ed3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y : kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc, Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t.
\nB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c ? C\u00e1i g\u00ec di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t?
\nR\u1ed3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y : Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t.
\nL\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ta v\u1eeba ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t, do danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec x\u00fac di\u1ec7t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n.
\nL\u1edbn thay s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y ! Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 sinh m\u1eaft, sinh tr\u00ed, sinh tu\u1ec7, sinh s\u00e1ng, sinh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u01a1 th\u1eabn trong c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng hoang b\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn, s\u00e2n, r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, ao sen v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng hoa v.v..”
\n\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t ly sinh t\u1eed.
\n\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh.
\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 10 chi trong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt sau n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi th\u00eam v\u00e0o. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 sau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y tr\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed7i.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng trong kinh A H\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau : ” N\u1ea7y Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean ! Ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 hai b\u00ean, t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.., Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean ! B\u1ea3o h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn. Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean ! Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p xa l\u00eca nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec V\u00f4 Minh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh, H\u00e0nh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c… ”
\nTa th\u1ea5y trong \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Quan. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c trong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfp qua \u0111\u1eddi sau.
\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi Quan, t\u1eeb hai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 12 chi t\u1eeb V\u00f4
\nMinh, H\u00e0nh….. Sinh, L\u00e3o T\u1eed.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra trong lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n : ” \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00f3i, do ch\u1ed7 quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1
\nDuy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n”
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean
\ndo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n.
\nT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 do
\nCh\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3
\ntheo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp.
\nC\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00fd Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi n\u1ea7y.
\nKh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c trong ba \u0111\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai.
\nH\u1eedu B\u1ed9 T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng chia Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi quang nh\u01b0 sau :
\n1\/ S\u00e1t Na : trong m\u1ed9t t\u00edch t\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean
\n2\/ Li\u00ean T\u1ee5c : quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau
\n3\/ Ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb : ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1eddi
\n4\/ Vi\u1ec5n t\u1ee5c : s\u1ef1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (11)
\nTh\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo hai l\u1ed1i l\u00e0 V\u00e3ng Quan v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n Quan.
\nV\u00e3ng Quan l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t xem x\u00e9t l\u00e3o t\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn Sinh, t\u1eeb Sinh \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1eedu v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Minh.
\nC\u00f2n Ho\u00e0n Quan l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea5y V\u00f4 Minh l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed3i qui k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed.
\nB-THEO L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG V\u00c3NG QUAN
\nTheo Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh (Mahanidana Sutta), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 cho A Nan bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 Lu\u1eadn do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, trong v\u0103n Pali thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7t L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp sau X\u00fac. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e3ng Quan l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:
\n1- L\u00e3o T\u1eed (Jara Marana) :
\nC\u00f3 gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i, b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m tan ho\u1ea1i \u0111i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Danh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 ? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi.
\n2- Sinh (Jati) :
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i g\u00eca ch\u1ebft ? B\u1edfi v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y ? Nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u00e2u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 Sinh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee5y v\u00ec th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 G\u00eca c\u1ea3 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Sinh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a G\u00eca Ch\u1ebft.
\nS\u1ef1 sinh ra t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u1eedu.
\n3- H\u1eedu (Bhava) :
\nH\u1eedu t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec xem nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Sinh. V\u00ec c\u00f3 sinh n\u00ean c\u00f3 Y B\u00e1o (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh B\u00e1o (lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt) trong ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (kamobhava), S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi (rupabhava) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi (arupabhava). Do c\u00f3 Sinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 H\u1eedu do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 H\u1eedu \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 ba sau Sinh.
\n4- Th\u1ee7 (rupad\u00e3na) :
\nTh\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y, n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c Th\u1ee7, Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi Th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 Th\u1ee7. V\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i N\u0103ng Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i S\u1edf Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung quanh ta do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh ra ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 sinh ra \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong ba c\u00f5i (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u1eefu). N\u1ebfu tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Th\u1ee7) th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i (H\u1eedu) \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 H\u1eedu v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau H\u1eedu.
\n5-\u00c1i (t\u00e3nha) :
\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u00c1I m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh. \u00c1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c \u00c1i l\u00e0 tham luy\u1ebfn \u0111am m\u00ea. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebe, \u00c1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 do Sinh-t\u1ed3n-d\u1ee5c (bhavat\u00e3nha) l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t sinh ra hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n T\u00ednh-d\u1ee5c (kamat\u00e3nha) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed3n-vinh-d\u1ee5c (vibhav\u00e3t\u00e3nha). B\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, do b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng sinh t\u1ed3n n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng tham \u00e1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng…
\nNh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f3 Sinh ra n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n H\u1eedu. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu Ta v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u00c1i nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 suy t\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e3o T\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb n\u0103m chi k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean cho ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 T\u1eadp trong T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean -Kh\u1edfi-Quan ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean, \u00c1i d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c sinh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c \u00c1i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:
\n6-Th\u1ecd (vedana)
\n7-X\u00fac (phassa)
\n8- L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp (salayatana)
\n\u00c1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3y ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00c1i d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh. Khi A\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i cho nhau c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u1eabn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t…
\nMu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 X\u00fac t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. X\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, c\u1ecd x\u00e1t…Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 X\u00fac ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd s\u00e1u c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u1eaft, Tai, M\u0169i, L\u01b0\u1ee1i, Th\u00e2n, \u00dd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, Thinh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac, Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi sinh ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, T\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3 L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n m\u1edbi sinh ra s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.
\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1u c\u0103n do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t :
\n9- Danh S\u1eafc (namarupa)
\nDanh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m, S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00e2n trong c\u00e2u n\u00f3i “th\u00e2n danh s\u1eafc t\u00e2m” , nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh khi c\u00f3 Danh S\u1eafc l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u00ec s\u00e1u c\u0103n m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eedu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nDanh S\u1eafc l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ee7 U\u1ea9n (S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1ee1ng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c). Tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.
\n10-Th\u1ee9c (Vinnana)
\nTh\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 Danh S\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu xem Danh S\u1eafc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Danh S\u1eafc. Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c trong t\u00e1m m\u00f3n t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.
\nTrong B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Qui C\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau :
\nT\u00e1m ch\u00fa anh em ; si, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y)
\nTinh kh\u00f4n r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c , ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trang (\u00fd th\u1ee9c)
\nC\u1eeda ngo\u00e0i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, n\u0103m em nh\u1ecf (n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc)
\nCh\u1ee7 so\u00e1i trong nh\u00e0, c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m)
\n(Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch : Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng)
\n(B\u00e1t c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec7 huynh, nh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 si
\n\u0110\u1ed9c h\u1eedu nh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 t\u1ed1i linh ly
\nNg\u1ee7 c\u00e1 m\u00f4n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea1i m\u00e3i
\nNh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 gia trung t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y)
\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u1ea7y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 chu\u1ed5i 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u00e0o.
\nN\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u1eeb L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 10 chi k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh.
\n11- H\u00e0nh (sankara) v\u00e0
\n12- V\u00f4 Minh (avijja)
\nTh\u1ee9c s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do \u00fd ch\u00ed (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh). Ch\u1eef H\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch H\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gia Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “v\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eedu vi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh”. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p th\u00ec H\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m (hay Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u00e0nh.
\nTh\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed (H\u00e0nh). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed (H\u00e0nh) hay nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh. S\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh nh\u01b0ng khi Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u00ea m\u1edd h\u1eedu l\u1eadu, Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh Tr\u00ed r\u1ed3i th\u00ec V\u00f4 Minh b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y.
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady V\u00f4 Minh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1n, m\u00ea m\u1edd, ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c v.v… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi trong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, m\u1ed7i chi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u1ea9n hai m\u00f3n H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh, trong Sinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh… V\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Sinh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh. Trong Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh v\u00ec khi c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh…
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y : “V\u00f4 Minh l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 d\u00e0y d\u1eb7t trong \u1ea5y ch\u00fang sinh quay qu\u1ea7n quanh l\u1ed9n” (Sutta Nip\u00e3ta, c\u00e2u 730).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta \u0111\u00e3 truy t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh. Trong V\u00f4 Minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.
\nTheo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00e0nh 5 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 nh\u01b0 sau:
\n(1) L\u00e3o T\u1eed – Sinh – H\u1eedu
\n(2) H\u1eedu – Th\u1ee7 – \u00c1i
\n(3) \u00c1i – Th\u1ecd – X\u00fac – L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp – Danh S\u1eafc
\n(4) Danh S\u1eafc – Th\u1ee9c
\n(5) Th\u1ee9c – H\u00e0nh – V\u00f4 Minh (12)
\n(1) Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eedu (Th\u1ee7) r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn Sinh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf L\u00e3o T\u1eef thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu.
\n(2) Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ee9 hai kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 kinh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\n(3) Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ee9 ba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.
\n(4) Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn.
\n(5) Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00f2ng sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00f4 th\u1ef7 v\u00f4 chung c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e3ng Quan nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean cho ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed7i b\u1eadc l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eeb L\u00e3o T\u1eed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 qua \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Sinh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00ecm m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Minh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u00f4 t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.
\n\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111i t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n nguy\u00ean s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean th\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00f2ng sinh m\u1ec7nh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng t\u00ecm m\u00e3i t\u00ecm m\u00e3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean cao kia nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh th\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ra Nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e3ng Quan.
\n\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec trong 12 chi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi chi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m; v\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Minh. Trong \u00c1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u00c1i. Trong L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp v.v…
\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Ho\u00e0n Quan l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c, Danh S\u1eafc… \u0111\u1ebfn Sinh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo qui lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 V\u00e3ng Quan n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Danh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong 12 chi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0n Quan xoay quanh H\u1eedu. Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb5ng qua l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb Sinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 H\u1eedu v\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u1eedu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, v\u00ec L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1eb5ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a H\u1eedu m\u00e0 ra v.v…<\/p>\n

C-THEO L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG TAM TH\u1ebe L\u01af\u1ee0NG TR\u00d9NG NH\u00c2N QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A H\u1eecU B\u1ed8<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1ee9c, Danh S\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7, H\u1eedu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Sinh, L\u00e3o T\u1eed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi sau. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh t\u1eed theo Tam Th\u1ebf (ba \u0111\u1eddi).
\nL\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 sau :
\nV\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 NH\u00c2N. Th\u1ee9c, Danh S\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (a).
\nTh\u1ecd, \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7, H\u1eedu l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau. Sinh, L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (b).
\nTheo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00eau tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu c\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 (a) l\u1eabn (b) l\u1ea1i ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 TAM TH\u1ebe L\u01af\u1ee0NG TR\u00d9NG NH\u00c2N QU\u1ea2.
\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ea7y ? Xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m, 45, Tr\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf KInh (M. 38 Mahatanhasankhayasattu) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi quan n\u00f3i tr\u00ean tr\u00ean.
\n“N\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u! Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ee5 thai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi cha m\u1eb9 giao h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cha, no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u thai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ee5 thai…
\nKhi cha m\u1eb9 giao h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai.
\nTh\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 mang thai trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p lo \u00e2u…
\nT\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u! Sau ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng lo \u00e2u m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi sinh con v\u00e0 sau khi sinh l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh tinh huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i con. T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u ! Tinh huy\u1ebft \u1ea5y trong Th\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eeda m\u1eb9.
\nTh\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u! B\u00e9 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c c\u0103n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec5n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebd ch\u01a1i nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 m\u00faa g\u1eady, nh\u1ea3y cao, th\u1ea3 di\u1ec1u, c\u1ee1i xe b\u1eafn t\u00ean v.v… C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn th\u00eam, c\u00e1c c\u0103n n\u1eaby n\u1ee1, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00e3nh ng\u1ee7 d\u1ee5c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c sai khi\u1ebfn. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1eaft m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau m\u00e0 sinh l\u00f2ng ham \u0111\u1eafm s\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tai m\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau r\u1ed3i sinh l\u00f2ng ham \u0111\u1eafm \u00e2m thanh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau r\u1ed3i sinh l\u00f2ng ham \u0111\u1eafm nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ch\u00fang tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c sai khi\u1ebfn.
\nTh\u1ebf l\u00e0 khi M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc th\u00ec ham \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e1i s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau th\u00ec sinh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m g\u1eaft b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u00e2n m\u00e0 theo s\u1ef1 sai khi\u1ebfn tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t…
\nTh\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (Th\u1ee5) m\u00e3n t\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n t\u00fac chi ph\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c vui ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed5, hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng vui, h\u00e2n hoan \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn “Th\u1ecd”, b\u1ecb Th\u1ecd chinh ph\u1ee5c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi t\u00ecnh vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1ef1 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng do Th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 H\u1eedu, do H\u1eedu l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Sinh, do Sinh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, \u01b0u bi, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o”.
\nN\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch L\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi theo l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec5n l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 sinh ra c\u00e3m gi\u00e1c (Th\u1ecd) , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m sao quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 H\u1eedu… T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u00e3y ra tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed3m Danh l\u00e0 T\u00e2m (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 L\u00e3o T\u1eed x\u00e3y ra.<\/p>\n

2- NGHI\u1ec6P (KAMMA, KARMA).
\nA- \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p
\nNghi\u1ec7p hay n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 “nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ti\u1ebfng Pali g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kamma, ti\u1ebfng Sanscrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Karma.
\nTrong kinh Trung A H\u00e0m (Majjhima Nik\u00e3ya) c\u00f3 c\u00e2u : “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh”.
\nNghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd. S\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u00fd mu\u1ed1n hay \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do Th\u00e2n Kh\u1ea9u \u00dd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. Kinh t\u0103ng nh\u1ee9t A h\u00e0m c\u00f3 c\u00e2u : “T\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p”.
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y : “N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo, Nh\u01b0 Lai x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u hay \u00fd” (Anguttara Nik\u00e3ya iii 415). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 L\u1eddi n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c. “Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee1ng. K\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m d\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u1ebf gian. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00f4i k\u00e9o th\u1ebf gian. ” (Atthas\u00e3lini tr. 68; The Expositor, ph\u1ea7n I tr. 91).
\nTrong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa c\u00f3 c\u00e2u : “T\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, T\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 s\u1ebd theo ta nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe l\u0103n theo d\u1ea5u ch\u01a1n con b\u00f2 k\u00e9o xe”.
\nNh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u01a1\u00ec n\u00f3i hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec : “H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ebd theo ta nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng theo h\u00ecnh” (Dhammapada, c\u00e2u 2).
\nM\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o : N\u1ebfu con h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, con s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu con l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng c\u1ea3i l\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 ham ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea1t, con s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn.
\nNghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u n\u00ean Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef.
\nKinh Samyutta Nik\u00e3ya, T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau : “\u0110\u00e3 gieo gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y. H\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd th\u00e2u g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh. H\u00e0nh \u00e1c s\u1ebd th\u00e2u g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef. H\u00e3y gieo gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t ta s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u00f5ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh”.
\nNghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c trong ph\u1ea1m vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tha l\u1ef1c . Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.
\nC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1t r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 cam t\u00e2m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e3 n\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng) x\u1ea5u n\u1eb1m trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec5n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\nTa th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ?
\nTrong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u : “Do n\u01a1i V\u00f4 Minh, H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t sinh, do n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh” v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u :”\u00c1i D\u1ee5c \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi V\u00f4 Minh”. Do \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Minh. Do ch\u00fang ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean sinh ra ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 \u00c1i D\u1ee5c.
\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m hay Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ec “T\u00e1c \u00dd l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p” m\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u00dd l\u00e0 do Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef Nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i Nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ea5n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u do Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu gi\u1ea3i Nghi\u1ec7p.
\nB- T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i
\nTrong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ra li\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang ph\u00fa qu\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea7m than c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ngu si \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, th\u1ec3 thao… T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 k\u1ebd sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ebfc, m\u00f9 lo\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ed5n lo\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a v.v…
\nPh\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 ? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i ?
\nC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c.
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o v.v…
\nC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ed5n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, do gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ho\u1ea1t v.v…
\nTa h\u00e3y nghe nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc tr\u1ee9 danh, Julien Huxley, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n do GENE nh\u01b0 sau :
\n“M\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do GENE trong tinh tr\u00f9ng, nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cha truy\u1ec1n qua cho con g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng.
\n“…C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i Gene t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh s\u1ea3n , tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i Gene \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u0a60th\u1ec3 v\u00f3c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u do Gene chi ph\u1ed1i”.
\n“Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tinh th\u1ea7n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb h\u01a1n, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng cho con ch\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c”.
\n“M\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 GENE m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang trong m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd thai”. (The Stream of Live trang 15)
\nThuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o GENE, c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, l\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n Anh (1\/30.000.000 inch) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0nh b\u00f3 tay khi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. V\u00ec Thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebd song sinh c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh b\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb5n nhau…Thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh th\u00eam th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 hai hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i sinh ra con ng\u1ed5 ngh\u1ecbch tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i sinh con th\u00f4ng minh t\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n…
\nDr. Th. Pascal trong s\u00e1ch Reincarnation, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:
\n“Quay v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a GENE trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd GENE t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 GENE kh\u00f4ng r\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tia s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu Gene c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi , ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c.
\n“Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con s\u00e1t nh\u01a1n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n nh\u01a1n sinh tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh hung \u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebd sanh \u0111\u00f4i, c\u00f9ng cha c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9, c\u00f9ng th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y th\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a th\u00ec hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a l\u1ea1i hung \u00e1c t\u00e0n
\nb\u1ea1o.
\n“Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebd th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u0103ng m\u00e3i l\u00ean trong gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do n\u01a1i cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft cho con ch\u00e1u. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 trong h\u00e0ng con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Mozart, Beethoven v\u00e0 Dante kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng hay m\u1ed9t v\u0129 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c Thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng.
\n“V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft cho con. Trong nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ecbnh nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng con, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u1ebft m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con ng\u1ed5 ngh\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng”.
\nV\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u0103n h\u00e0o tr\u1ee9 danh c\u1ee7a Anh l\u00e0 Shakespeare, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Ingerslo \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau :”C\u1ea3 cha l\u1eabn m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng Shakespeare \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t”. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Shakespeare r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u0103n k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Gene c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i , c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3…
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng di truy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ? Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y.
\nPh\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng Thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef Nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y.
\nC\u00e2u “nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ghi tr\u00ean.
\nThu\u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ean Subha mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt :
\n“B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec v\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m theo, n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo, n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe theo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u sang, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i cao sang quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7…? ”
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau :
\n“T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u mang theo c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma, Karma) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ed th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sanh” (Majjhima Nik\u00e3ya III 135, C\u0169lakammavibhanga Sutta).
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 sau :
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft s\u00e1t sanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n, b\u00e0n tay lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb5m m\u00e1u, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ec3u.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ai, s\u1ed1ng xa g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao, gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Do t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do n\u1ebft hung d\u1eef \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u01b0\u01a1n y\u1ebfu b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ai kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhu h\u00f2a \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sinh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ch\u01b0\u1edfi m\u1eafng, nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sinh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia thanh tao nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, d\u1ea7u ai c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edfi m\u1eafng th\u1eadm t\u1ec7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u00e3 th\u00f9. Do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thanh nh\u00e3 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 , th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng ham mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i danh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p l\u00f2ng ganh t\u1ef5, Do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 ganh t\u1ef5 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai nghe, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m theo.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 , kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng tham mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i danh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p l\u00f2ng ganh t\u1ef5 , do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ef5 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe theo, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u1ea3, do t\u00e1nh keo ki\u1ebft b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh \u01b0a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, do l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 d\u01b0 d\u00e3.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e1nh \u01b0a ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, do t\u00e1nh ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, do \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, do s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t.
\n“N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, do s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7”.
\nNh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Di Truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n x\u01b0a nay.
\nH\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy Th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 do con ngu\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1ea1o trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ra sao ? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ecd Nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed3ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.
\nTheo gia ph\u1ea3 gi\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca th\u00ec t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1i Nghi\u1ec7p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nDo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 theo kinh Lakkhana Sutta : \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sanh ra v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o phi ph\u00e0m, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, 80 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nKhi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sanh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y trong kinh Attas\u00e3lin\u0129 r\u1eb1ng :
\n“Do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eang l\u1ec7ch trong s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh.
\n“Do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thua, h\u01a1n, thi\u1ec7t, danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh v\u00ec hay b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebd, ph\u00fac h\u1eadu hay b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng.
\n“Do Nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gian lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec5n. Do Nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.
\nV\u00e0 c\u0169ng do Nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe, c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p, d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2y xung quanh c\u00e1i tr\u1ee5c”.
\nNh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed Sinh Hi\u1ec7n H\u00e0nh do c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.
\nNh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n H\u00e0nh Sinh Hi\u1ec7n H\u00e0nh.
\nNh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do Nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra. D\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa theo Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec5n Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00ec Nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 x\u1ea5u t\u00ecm ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p trong ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y.
\nDo \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean: “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh, d\u1eef hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng d\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sanh do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”.
\nTrong kinh Anguttara Nik\u00e3ya \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng :
\n“N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e1t nh\u01a1n, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, d\u00e2m lo\u00e0n, l\u00e1o x\u01b0\u1ee3t, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, tham lam, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, h\u01b0 h\u00e8n th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi “.
\nGi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec5n Nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00fang sanh n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nghi\u1ec7p B\u00e1o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ec7nh hay Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\nGi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c tin cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ! N\u1ebfu tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o m\u00ea t\u00edn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, xu\u00f4i tay v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 an b\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh m\u00f9 qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1edd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t !…
\nPh\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hay \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t , \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh cho h\u1ecd. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “Tam Gi\u1edbi Duy T\u00e2m, V\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p Duy Th\u1ee9c”. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i Nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u \u0111ang t\u00ecm t\u00e0ng Trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t ngay trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c , \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e9m… c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i Nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 cai thu\u1ed1c \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd ti\u00eau tan. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y \u0111i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t cho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sanh xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng trong B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Qui C\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang nh\u01b0 sau :
\n“H\u1ea1o h\u1ea1o tam t\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng
\nUy\u00ean th\u00e2m th\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng c\u1ea3nh vi phong
\nTh\u1ecd hu\u00e2n tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng c\u0103n th\u00e2n kh\u00ed
\nKh\u1ee9 h\u1eadu lai ti\u00ean t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u00f4ng”
\nNh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng : Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch
\nV\u1eddi v\u1ee3i ba T\u00e0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng
\nV\u1ef1c s\u00e2u gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng reo
\nGom nh\u1eadn gi\u1eef ch\u1ee7ng c\u0103n th\u00e2n kh\u00ed
\nT\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau ch\u1ee7 l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1
\nB\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “ba T\u00e0ng” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “N\u0103ng T\u00e0ng” (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng), “S\u1edf T\u00e0ng” (Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o), “Ng\u00e3 \u00c1i Ch\u1ea5p T\u00e0ng” (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5p Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m Ng\u00e3, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3).
\nV\u00ec th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eddi v\u1ee3i kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

“Gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh” \u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan (C\u0103n) khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (C\u1ea3nh) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c (T\u00e1c \u00dd) s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef Nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Gi\u00f3 C\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean (c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh, t\u00e1c \u00fd, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho B\u1ea3y S\u00f3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, Nh\u1ec9 Th\u1ee9c, T\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c, \u00dd Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na Th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.
\nTh\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed, C\u0103n Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “Kh\u00ed”) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o.
\nTh\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn Nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u00ec khi th\u1ecd thai Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c sau c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C- L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p
\nNh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 do \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng suy ngh\u0129 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00dd Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p do \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u “nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o” trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee1ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:
\n” L\u00e0m \u00e1c do n\u01a1i ta
\nL\u00e0m cho ta nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n do n\u01a1i ta
\nKh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00e1c do n\u01a1i ta
\nL\u00e0m cho ta trong s\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i ta
\nC\u1ea3 hai, nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i ta,
\nKh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ta trong s\u1ea1ch.” (Dhammapada, c\u00e2u 165).
\nTheo c\u00e2u kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta t\u1ea1o ra, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M.
\nN\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra suy t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh hay nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u1eadn cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed.
\nXin d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng hai b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 :
\nNguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n
\nP\u00e3nc\u00e3n\u00e3m m\u0169lavijn\u00e3ne yath\u00e3pratyayam udbhavah
\nVijn\u00e3n\u00e3n\u00e3m saha na v\u00e3 tarang\u00e3n\u00e3m yath\u00e3 jale
\n(Y ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c
\nNg\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y duy hi\u1ec7n
\nHo\u1eb7c c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u00e2u
\nNh\u01b0 ba \u0111\u00e0o y th\u1ee7y)
\noOo
\nKarmano v\u00e3san\u00e3 gr\u00e3hadvayav\u00e3sanay\u00e3 saha
\nKsine p\u0169rvavip\u00e3ke nyadvip\u00e3kam janayanti tat
\n(Do ch\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp kh\u00ed
\nNh\u1ecb th\u1ee7 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed cu
\nTi\u1ec1n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c k\u00fd t\u1eadn
\nPh\u1ee5c sanh d\u01b0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c
\noOo
\nNh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch :
\nDo n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m)
\nN\u0103m th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n)
\nHo\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng
\nNh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng sanh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc
\noOo
\nDo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng do tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c)
\nV\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed hai th\u1ee7 (hai th\u1ee7 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n (ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn
\nph\u1ea7n (ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c ; s\u1eafc (ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 danh (thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m) ; t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng)
\nN\u00ean d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee9t (th\u00e2n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a
\nnghi\u1ec7p)
\nL\u1ea1i sinh d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c sau.
\n(trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “t\u1eadp kh\u00ed” n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u1eadp kh\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i do h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, do th\u00f3i quen m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0ng t\u00ecm n\u0103ng , th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00ec t\u1eadp kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hay u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef th\u00ec tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1edd t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u00e3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc).
\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n m\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. “T\u00f9y duy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n” ch\u1eb5ng qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eaft mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa trong ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh hoa m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef7 b\u00ecnh hoa \u1ea5y…M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch “li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch xen k\u1ebb hay t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f2n tai th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nghe nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nNh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef “t\u00f9y duy\u00ean” trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng.
\n“Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng ” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eaft \u0111ang xem truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, tai \u0111ang nghe nh\u1ea1c, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u0169i \u0111ang ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i d\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, th\u00e2n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng tay g\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng nhai v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111ang n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u00f3… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.
\n“Ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng” tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ee7, t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft nghe m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.
\nC\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng “nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng sinh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc” (xin m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 “N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n”, c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc” , n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 DO d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n ch\u1eef N\u01af\u01a0NG. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc… V\u00ec s\u00f3ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau d\u1ec5 sinh ra hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau do \u0111\u00f3 xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng sinh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc”). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.
\nKhi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh d\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dd th\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y?
\nTrong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dd nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng khi\u1ebfn ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft mu\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xem hoa ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 anh l\u00ednh canh gi\u1eef c\u1eeda gi\u1eef kho r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u hay \u00dd Th\u1ee9c v\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00dd th\u1ee9c.
\nM\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ecdng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 : M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 ra ga xe l\u1eefa t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i hoa g\u00ec, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e0 \u1edf s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng hoa h\u1ed3ng, b\u00f4ng b\u1ee5t…M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n nh\u1edd t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i hoa H\u1ea3i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111i b\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm n\u00f3 th\u00ec ra \u1edf s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra ga c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i hoa H\u1ea3i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng , th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u nay qua qua l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i hoa n\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ecdng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi c\u00e1i \u00fd, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u0111i t\u00ecm lo\u1ea1i hoa n\u1ea7y n\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra ngay. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111i t\u00ecm lo\u1ea1i hoa n\u1ea7y th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 qua l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi.
\n\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi m\u1edf truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd t\u00ecm nghe b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c My Heart Will Go On (Love Theme from “Titanic”, Words and Music by James Horner\/Will Jennings) th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t \u0111i h\u00e1t l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c g\u00ec. Qua hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ecdng t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nC\u00f2n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u n\u1ea7y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang n\u00f3i “\u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n ph\u00e1t ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c vi t\u1ed1i, D\u1eabn m\u00e3n n\u0103ng chi\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c khi\u00ean” (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng h\u01a1n h\u1eb5n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eed. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eabn-nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00e3n-nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi sau). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, do n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tinh kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1eb5n n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p.
\nKhi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1eefu nh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 t\u1ed1i linh ly”, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y tinh kh\u00f4n lanh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng vi th\u1ee7, t\u1ed9i vi kh\u00f4i”, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft.
\nLu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 khi nh\u00e3n c\u0103n ch\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb kh\u00e1c h\u1eb5n n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1eedu h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u00dd c\u0103n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y), c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 cho ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t trung gian l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.
\nS\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dd th\u1ee9c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i :
\n(1) \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00dd Th\u1ee9c
\n(2) Ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00dd Th\u1ee9c
\n(1)- \u0110\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ea6U \u00dd TH\u1ee8C : \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean. \u00dd Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua, suy nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai… Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00dd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i :
\na) \u00dd th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9ng : \u00dd th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Khi ng\u1ee7 say th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t suy l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o; tin nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c phi l\u00fd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh…
\nNh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh” v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
\n\u0110\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y. V\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh.
\nb) \u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb : Trong khi t\u0129nh th\u1ee9c \u00dd th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y vi\u1ec7c kia, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00f9 li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai…
\nKhi \u00dd th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 : Tin, tinh t\u1ea5n, t\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng tham lam, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng si m\u00ea, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0n th\u01b0 th\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i.
\nCh\u00ednh l\u00fac n\u1ea7y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u1ea7y…
\nN\u1ebfu khi \u00dd th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m \u00e1c t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 6 m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : tham lam, n\u1ed7i n\u00f3ng, si m\u00ea, khinh m\u1ea1n, nghi ng\u1edd do d\u1ef1.
\nSau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ((trong ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i : ch\u1ea5p ta; ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft (\u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn), ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng); m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y; kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed5 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i; ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef theo gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd.))
\n\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi 20 m\u00f3n t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: gi\u1eadn, h\u1eddn, che d\u1ea5u, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 ganh gh\u00e9t, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t, b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1edf n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t, t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m chao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i m\u1edd t\u1ed1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng tin, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c tr\u1ec5 n\u00e3i, bu\u00f4ng lung, qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh.
\n\u00dd th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb v\u00e2y quanh b\u1edfi 6 m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 20 m\u00f3n t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u0169ng trong l\u00fac “\u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb” n\u1ea7y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “ch\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng” v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00e1c h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang.
\n\u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1eadt y\u00ean t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh hay \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft suy t\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u1eafm l\u00fac l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c…
\nDo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra k\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch suy l\u00fd h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m… V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u do suy ngh\u0129 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.
\nC\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n ra do suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eedu ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i).
\nC\u00f2n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con qu\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb l\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh.
\nc) \u00dd th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ecbnh: Khi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c do n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nC\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea7y. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a an \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec l\u1eafm l\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quan c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 trong m\u00f4n Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.
\n(2) NG\u1ee6 C\u00c2U \u00dd TH\u1ee8C: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan.
\nKhi \u00dd Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 chung kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi xem m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i hoa l\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lo\u00e0i hoa \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeb xem hoa v\u1eeba nghe nh\u1ea1c v.v… \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00ec m\u0169i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh.
\nHenri Luois Bergson c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 “Tr\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1c”, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c” c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u thai qua ki\u1ebfp sau th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u1ea7y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m trong duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1m th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i ! Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm n\u0103ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i “IT” , \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb5ng qua trong duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “T\u1eadp Kh\u00ed” hay t\u00ecm n\u0103ng hay ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u0169ng v\u1eady.
\nXin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong s\u00e1ch “Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc Th\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn” c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ee9c
\nc\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y :
\nDo c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi (ng\u0169 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c) ph\u00e1t sinh, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, Ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn T\u00e1nh C\u1ea3nh, ch\u1ee9 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tri gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ea3nh R\u1ed3i. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ea3nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh C\u1ea3nh n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 Quan Duy T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn. Tuy th\u1ebf, Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ch\u1ee7 Quan Duy T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u1ebd Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan; l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh. Ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1eady.
\nNh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?
\n1- Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3)
\n2- Ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng)
\nC\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ta \u0111\u1eebmg n\u00ean l\u1ea7m hai ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1c quan (ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.
\nC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng T\u00e1nh-C\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ” v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ” c\u1ee7a Kant, v\u00ec l\u1ebd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n”. Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Kant l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 Ng\u0169-c\u00e2u-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m-gi\u00e1c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh-c\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 Kant th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u00fd-th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n”.
\nN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 “b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t” \u1ea5y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u00fd-th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u0169- c\u00e2u \u00fd-th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m-gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, \u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-\u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean-t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Berkeley. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng “th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan” c\u1ee7a Duy-v\u1eadt-lu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “l\u00fd”, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Schopenhauer m\u1ea5t.
\nV\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? Sao l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n-t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i \u00fd-th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7-quan ? Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft, ta ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m (th\u1ee9c Alaya). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Duy-Th\u1ee9c-H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7-tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean h\u01b0 th\u00f4i.”
\n(Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y xin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.)
\nKhi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sinh kh\u1edfi ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh , \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.
\nTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi, trong l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t sinh ra th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh. R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ee7 c\u00e2u \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh.
\nNgo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quan do \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.
\nTrong ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00dd Th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Phi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sai v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng trong s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00dd Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p v.v…
\nTrong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp th\u1eb5ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec do nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng T\u1eadp Kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng do tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u01a1 duy\u00ean.
\nTh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hai Th\u1ee7. Hai Th\u1ee7 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea7n (s\u1edf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea7n (n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c; Danh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m) v\u00e0 S\u1eafc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n); T\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00e2m s\u1edf. Ph\u1ea7n sau n\u1ea7y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Hai Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n duy\u00ean.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i do T\u1eadp Kh\u00ed c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed hay H\u1ea1t Gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Hai Th\u1ee7 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0m S\u01a1 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Duy\u00ean n\u00ean th\u00e2n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n sinh ra do th\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft \u0111i li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hai th\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00f4i k\u00e9o Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u1eefa trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean tu \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c Nghi\u1ec7p tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.
\nD. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t-Na Th\u1ee9c (Klista-mano Vijnana) trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

(1)- Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng t\u1eeb C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-Na c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

a\/ M\u1ea1t-Na Th\u1ee9c: t\u00ean n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

b\/ \u00dd-C\u0103n: v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

c\/ Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y: v\u00ec trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

d\/ Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee9c: v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb trong T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

e\/ \u00dd: trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc chia t\u00e1m m\u00f3n t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: T\u00e2m, \u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. T\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, duy\u00ean c\u1ea3nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, duy tr\u00ec c\u0103n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi… Do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-Na c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 \u00dd.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u Th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c, T\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0: trong Ba C\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh C\u1ea3nh, \u00d0\u1ed9c \u1ea2nh C\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 Phi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m (Phi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 T\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00ea m\u1edd khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e2n, Kh\u1ea9u, \u00dd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c. V\u00ec n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u do \u0111\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m lu\u00f4n n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 Ba T\u00e1nh l\u00e0: Thi\u1ec7n, \u00c1c v\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd (T\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y chia l\u00e0m hai l\u00e0 H\u1eefu Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd), Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c B\u1ea3y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh H\u1eefu Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o che l\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n cho th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 “C\u0103n C\u1ea3nh Duy\u00ean” (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m), v\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c B\u1ea3y d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh duy\u00ean qua ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m n\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y sinh ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh “ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t” (v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u D\u0129 t\u00e2m duy\u00ean t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t. Trung gian t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u sanh).<\/p>\n

“T\u00e1c \u00dd Duy\u00ean” l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ea1t-Na Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed Duy\u00ean”, v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gom c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em v\u00e0o t\u00edch t\u1eadp trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ra cho kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 mang ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00e0o kho c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ra khi c\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed th\u00ec anh n\u1ea7y r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 hay th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t so \u0111o suy ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3, cho c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y, c\u00e1i kia, c\u00e1i n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta. T\u00ednh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u00e1t C\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec7 huynh nh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 si” (t\u00e1m ch\u00fa anh em, si m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ngu si \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ngu si b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m m\u00ea m\u1edd b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111i r\u1ed3i n\u00ean sinh ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong 51 m\u00f3n T\u00e2m S\u1edf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 18 m\u00f3n T\u00e2m S\u1edf \u0111i k\u00e8m hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chung kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 5 m\u00f3n Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh (X\u00fac, T\u00e1c \u00dd, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0).<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m m\u00f3n Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea3nh (D\u1ee5c, Th\u1eafng Gi\u1ea3i, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7) Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 anh ch\u00e0ng si m\u00ea m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f3n Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf chung kh\u1edfi b\u1edfi v\u00ec Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, suy x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh, suy l\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 u t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 anh ch\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng minh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh hay ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u l\u00e0m cho m\u00ea m\u1edd u t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

N\u1eb7ng nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y b\u1ecb b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (Si, Ki\u1ebfn, M\u1ea1n, \u00c1i) khu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00fai Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec d\u1eabu c\u00f3 tr\u0103m T\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o v\u00f9ng d\u1eady n\u1ed5i hu\u1ed1ng chi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y nh\u1ecf nhoi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng kinh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng k\u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n b\u1ecb 8 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1eefa c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1o C\u1eed (lao chao), H\u00f4n Tr\u1ea7m (m\u1edd t\u1ed1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng), B\u1ea5t T\u00edn (kh\u00f4ng tin), Gi\u1ea3i \u00d0\u00e3i (bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7), Ph\u00f3ng D\u1eadt (bu\u00f4ng lung), Th\u1ea5t Ni\u1ec7m (m\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m), T\u00e1n Lo\u1ea1n (r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n), B\u1ea5t Ch\u00e1nh Tri (hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m).<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i 18 m\u00f3n T\u00e2m S\u1edf n\u1ea7y c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y n\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Nhi\u1ec5m \u00d4, Th\u1ee9c Si M\u00ea, Th\u1ee9c Ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3…<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y n\u1ea7y do Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 ra (y B\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n duy\u00ean B\u1ec9).<\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Vasubandhu<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n. Trong s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i c\u00f3 4 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 5 ch\u1eef n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

Tasya vy\u00e3vrtirarhatve Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Tad\u00e3sritya pravartate Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee9c danh M\u1ea1t Na<\/p>\n

Tad\u00e3lambam manon\u00e3ma Y B\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n duy\u00ean B\u1ec9<\/p>\n

Vijn\u00e3nam manan\u00e3tmakamm T\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng duy t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i N\u00f3, duy\u00ean N\u00f3<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u Th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u “N\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i N\u00f3, duy\u00ean N\u00f3”. Ch\u1eef N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, M\u1ea1t Na nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Gia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 A L\u1ea1i Gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho M\u1ea1t Na. T\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai:<\/p>\n

Kelsais caturbhih T\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng cu<\/p>\n

Sahitam nivrt\u00e3vy\u00e3krtaih sad\u00e3 V\u1ecb ng\u00e3 si, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

\u00c3tmadrsty \u00e3tmamoh T\u1ecbnh ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i<\/p>\n

\u00c3tmam\u00e3n \u00c3tmasnehasamjnitaih C\u1eadp gi\u1eef x\u00fac \u0111\u1eb3ng cu<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u00e3 si, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i, v\u00e0<\/p>\n

X\u00fac v.v… c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y l\u00e0 A L\u1ea1i Gia. \u00d0\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam ch\u1eef ng\u00e3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e3 Si (si m\u00ea c\u00e1i ng\u00e3), ng\u00e3 Ki\u1ebfn (ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3), ng\u00e3 M\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khinh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe t\u1eeb “ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n c\u1ed1ng cao” v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u00c1i (ch\u1ec9 y\u00eaunh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i).<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u “X\u00fac” v.v… ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 X\u00fac, t\u00e1c, \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, trong n\u0103m m\u00f3n bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng chung kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 Si, Ki\u1ebfn, M\u1ea1n, \u00c1i; kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chung kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00f3n bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 8 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 ba:<\/p>\n

Yatrajas tanmayair anyaith H\u1eefu ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd nhi\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

Sparsadyais carhato na tat T\u00f9y s\u1edf sanh s\u1edf h\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Na nirodhasamapattau A La H\u00e1n, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

M\u00e3rge lokotare na ca Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh h\u1eefu ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/p>\n

Sinh n\u01a1i n\u00e0o theo \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

La H\u00e1n, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf \u00d0\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 “h\u1eefu ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd”. Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m sinh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1o Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00ean Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. V\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn A La H\u00e1n t\u00ean T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh sau n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ean M\u1ea1t Na kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Trong Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f3n T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2m S\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ea1o Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u00ed Ch\u01a1n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed V\u00f4 L\u1eadu H\u1eadu \u00d0\u1eafc th\u00ec h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra NGHi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y<\/p>\n

Trong “Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1m Th\u1ee9c” Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu ph\u00fa th\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ed5n<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y duy\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi vi<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Tham, si, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu ph\u00fa, \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng B\u1ea3y, T\u00e1m<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y duy\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Phi<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ec7, Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh, t\u00e1m \u00d0\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Theo ho\u00e0i, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ea1n, tham, si<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

Trong ba c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean v\u1ec1 “\u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh”.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng do v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo “h\u1eefu ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh” m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

a\/ Ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh: trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “d\u0129 t\u00e2m duy\u00ean t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1t Na d\u00f9ng “ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n” t\u00e2m (ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 duy\u00ean qua “ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n” t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n” (ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y. Ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n

b\/ T\u1ee3 \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh: C\u1ea3nh do m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra. C\u1ea3nh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a “ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t” m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

“H\u1eefu ph\u00fa” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh “h\u1eefu ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd” c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na.<\/p>\n

“Th\u00f4ng T\u00ccNH, B\u1ed4N” T\u00ccNH l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, B\u1ed4N l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n (a) tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec M\u1ea1t Na d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m (ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00ccNH) duy\u00ean qua ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. S\u1edf d\u0129 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed4N v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c”, ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai:<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt d\u1ea1 tr\u1ea5n h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c, b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f4 vi “nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh y”<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1eb1ng, th\u1ea9m, theo ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh lu\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c, t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u Th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o “nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh y”<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. C\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb H\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, Th\u1ea9m l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t. Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 hay th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c T\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c S\u00e1u hay th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i hay gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00ec khi ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng chi\u00eam bao, sinh v\u00e0o tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn… Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c S\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh si m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb quay cu\u1ed3ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Tah, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n trong 6 m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn), 4 m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y n\u1eb1m trong 10 m\u00f3n T\u01b0 Ho\u1eb7c n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ed1n Ho\u1eb7c”<\/p>\n

“B\u1ed1n Ho\u1eb7c” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n. Trong 10 m\u00f3n t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra trong ba c\u00f5i nh\u01b0 sau: D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n: tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n. S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba: Tham, si, m\u1ea1n. V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ba: Tham, si, m\u1ea1n. V\u00ec trong hai c\u00f5i S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00f3n “s\u00e2n” nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “l\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n thanh t\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 “nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh y”.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 ba:<\/p>\n

C\u1ef1c h\u1ec9 s\u01a1 t\u00e2m, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1nh ng\u00e3 h\u1eb1ng th\u00f4i<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t s\u1edf b\u1ecb c\u00f4i (c\u01a1)<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1-T\u00e2m, th\u00e0nh B\u00ecnh \u00d0\u1eb3ng T\u00e1nh Tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn V\u00f4 C\u00f4ng D\u1ee5ng, Ng\u00e3 li\u1ec1n r\u01a1i<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n Tha Th\u1ecd D\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01a1 \u00d0\u1ecba t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 S\u01a1 T\u00e2m Hoan H\u1ef7 \u00d0\u1ecba, Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh B\u00ecnh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ecba Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t \u00d0\u1ed9ng \u00d0\u1ecba c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 C\u00f4ng D\u1ee5ng H\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t Na \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Tr\u00ed, l\u00fac \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n Tha Th\u1ecd D\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng Th\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

E. n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

(1) N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n

N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u00e1m m\u00f3n T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c : Caksur-vijn\u00e3na<\/p>\n

Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c : Srota-vijn\u00e3na<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 Th\u1ee9c : Ghr\u00e3na-vijn\u00e3na<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c : Jihv\u00e3-vijn\u00e3na<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c : Kay\u00e3-vijn\u00e3na<\/p>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c (t\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) nh\u01b0 trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n

Do n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng sinh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng chung kh\u1edfi ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ri\u00eang l\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 N\u01af\u1edaC (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) v\u00e0 S\u00d3NG (N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ee9c, theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Takakusu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong s\u00e1ch The Essentials of Buddhism Philosophy c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn (Mah\u00e3y\u00e3na-samparigraha) do V\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c (Asangha) vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi em l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasabandhu) ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ee7 (Buddhasanta) d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 531. Ch\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ebf (Param\u00e3rtha) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 563, v\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 648-649. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c n\u00ean n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

2\/ H\u1ecdc Thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 t\u00e1nh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

3\/ S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

4\/L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ed9 Ba La M\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5\/ Th\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (*)<\/p>\n

6\/ Gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

7\/ \u00d0\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

8\/ Hu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

9\/ V\u00f4 Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

10\/ Tam Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt :<\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n: B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 (Dharmak\u00e3ya);<\/p>\n

b) B\u00e1o Th\u00e2n: hay th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Sambhogak\u00e3ya);<\/p>\n

c) H\u00f3a Th\u00e2n: th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh (Nirm\u00e3nak\u00e3ya).<\/p>\n

(*) Th\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:1)<\/p>\n

Hoan H\u1ef7 \u00d0\u1ecba, 2) Ly C\u1ea5u \u00d0\u1ecba, 3) Ph\u00e1t Quang \u00d0\u1ecba, 4) Di\u1ec7m Hu\u1ec7 \u00d0\u1ecba, 5) Nam Th\u1eafng \u00d0\u1ecba, 6) Hi\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecba, 7) Vi\u1ec5n H\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ecba, 8) B\u1ea5t \u00d0\u1ed9ng \u00d0\u1ecba, 9) Thi\u1ec7n Hu\u1ec7 \u00d0\u1ecba, 10) Ph\u00e1p V\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Duy Th\u1ee9c Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i B\u00e0i T\u1ee5ng do Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i B\u00e0i T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong Nhi\u1ebfp \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng “A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi” c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Do n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n, N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi…” \u00dd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ea5y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Duy Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stcherbatsky c\u00f3 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I: M\u00e3 Minh (Asvaghosa) kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn…<\/p>\n

2\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II: Long Th\u1ecd (N\u00e3g\u00e3rjuna) v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

3\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III v\u00e0 IV: C\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc l\u00e0 Ki\u00ean Hu\u1ec7 (Saramati) v\u00e0 Di L\u1eb7c (Maitreya). Di L\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

4\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V: L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy T\u00e2m (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c) c\u1ee7a hai anh em V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asangha) v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu).<\/p>\n

5\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI: Lu\u1eadn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Duy T\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, An Hu\u1ec7 (Sthiramati) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Na (Dingn\u00e3ga) \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Duy T\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9 (Buddhapalita) v\u00e0 Thanh Bi\u1ec7n (Bh\u00e3vaviveka) \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

6\/ Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII: Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng (Candrak\u0129rti) xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u00e1n… (theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Takakusu trong s\u00e1ch The Essentials of Buddhism Philosophy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn).<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Minh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau: “T\u00e2m Sanh Di\u1ec7t, Y theo kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m sanh di\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c. A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sanh ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hai? M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a GI\u00c1C (Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9), hai l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a B\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c (ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u00f2n m\u00ea)”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o hai ph\u1ea7n Ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n vi t\u1ebf \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh S\u1eafc C\u0103n c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a C\u0103n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft ph\u00eda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a C\u0103n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a C\u0103n theo Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

“H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 con m\u1eaft TH\u1ea4Y c\u00e1i hoa. Con M\u1eaft l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i hoa, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft. S\u1ef1 X\u00daC CH[1][1]M (x\u00fac) t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i hoa in tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft; \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1eaft (ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n) v\u00e0 hoa. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00f5ng m\u00f4, th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u1ea7n kinh (th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i hoa in tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng m\u00f4 \u1ea5y. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t sinh. N\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u00ec v\u1eady li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

“V\u00e0o gi\u00e1i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c bao g\u1ed3m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n (darsanabh\u00e3ga) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n (nimittabh\u00e3ga) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec; tri gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec; \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

“Th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u) hay c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c). Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a) nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c (th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ecb quan v\u00e0 s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m (sparsas) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m quan sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay tri gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t … (theo s\u00e1ch V\u1ea5n \u00d0\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh)”.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n

a\/T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i B\u00e0i T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Dvitiyah parin\u00e3mo yam trt\u0129yah sadvidhasya y\u00e3<\/p>\n

Visayasyopalabdhih s\u00e3 kus\u00e1l\u00e3dvay\u00e3<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 tam n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Sai bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu l\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7ng<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec5u c\u1ea3nh vi t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n cu phi<\/p>\n

(Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba<\/p>\n

Sai bi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh, T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee7 Thi\u1ec7n, \u00c1c, V\u00f4 K\u00fd<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na Th\u1ee9c. Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c, T\u1ec9 Th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i T\u00e1nh v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cho n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch… N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c… ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u00dd.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Qui C\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang, H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t m\u00f3n T\u00e2m S\u1edf (caitasika-dharma), n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 34 m\u00f3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 5 m\u00f3n Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh (sarvatraga): X\u00fac (c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, sparsa), T\u00e1c \u00dd (s\u1ef1 m\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, ch\u00fa \u00fd, Manask\u00e3ra), Th\u1ecd (l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, vedan\u00e3), T\u01b0\u1edfng (t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, samjin\u00e3), T\u01b0 (suy t\u00ednh, cetan\u00e3).<\/p>\n

5 m\u00f3n Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea3nh (viniyata): D\u1ee5c (mong mu\u1ed1n, hy v\u1ecdng, chanda), Th\u1eafng Gi\u1ea3i (nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, adhimoksa), Ni\u1ec7m (ngh\u0129a nh\u1edb, smrti), \u00d0\u1ecbnh (chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa, sam\u00e3dhi), Hu\u1ec7 (quan s\u00e1t, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, prajn\u00e3).<\/p>\n

11 m\u00f3n Thi\u1ec7n (kusala): T\u00edn (tin, sraddha), T\u00e0m (t\u1ef1 th\u1eb9n, hri), Qu\u00ed (h\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, apatr\u00e3pya), V\u00f4 Tham (kh\u00f4ng tham lam, alobha), V\u00f4 S\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn, advesa), V\u00f4 Si (kh\u00f4ng si m\u00ea, amoha), Tinh T\u1ea5n (si\u00eang n\u0103ng, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, virya), Khinh An (nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng an t\u0129nh, prasrabdhi), B\u1ea5t Ph\u00f3ng D\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung, apram\u00e3da), H\u00e0nh X\u1ea3 (v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, upeks\u00e3), B\u1ea5t H\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i, ahims\u00e3).<\/p>\n

3 m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o (klesa): Tham (r\u00e3ga), S\u00e2n (pratigha), Si (m\u0169dhi).<\/p>\n

2 m\u00f3n trung T\u00f9y Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o (upaklesa): V\u00f4 T\u00e0m (kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n, \u00e3hr\u0129kya), V\u00f4 Qu\u00ed (kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5, anapatr\u00e3pya).<\/p>\n

8 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: Tr\u1ea1o C\u1eed (kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, auddhatya), H\u00f4n Tr\u1ea7m (h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i, sty\u00e3na), B\u1ea5t T\u00edn (kh\u00f4ng tin, \u00e3sraddhya, Gi\u1ea3i \u00d0\u00e3i (bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, kaus\u0129dya), Ph\u00f3ng D\u1eadt (bu\u00f4ng lung, pram\u00e3da), Th\u1ea5t Ni\u1ec7m (qu\u00ean, musitasmrtit\u00e3), T\u00e1n Lo\u1ea1n (l\u01b0u l\u00e3ng, viksepa), B\u1ea5t Ch\u00e1nh Tri (bi\u1ebft sai, asamprajanya).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1ec3 th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba thi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba \u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

Trong Ba C\u1ea3nh th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh (c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

Trong ba l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u00f2n t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang). V\u00ec l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c n\u00ean ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c Hi\u1ec7n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qua trung gian l\u00fd lu\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1i suy n\u00ean kh\u00f4ngb\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o sai l\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3u phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Trong ba t\u00e1nh th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1nh \u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m th\u1ecd th\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

b\/ \u00d0i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

Trong B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Qui C\u1ee7 T\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng y t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

C\u1eedu duy\u00ean, b\u00e1t, th\u1ea5t h\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7p tan, ly nh\u1ecb, qu\u00e1n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Ngu gi\u1ea3 nan ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9c d\u1eef c\u0103n<\/p>\n

N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh S\u1eafc C\u0103n<\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn, t\u00e1m, b\u1ea3y duy\u00ean c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

Ba hi\u1ec7p, hai r\u1eddi, qu\u00e1n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi C\u0103n<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0-T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd C\u0102N (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n) x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m (x\u00fac) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 C\u0102N \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 C\u0102N m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u0102N l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 TH\u1ee8C.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ch\u00edn duy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng, \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, C\u01a1 Quan t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u0102N (ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n), C\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt chung quanh ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c), T\u00e1c \u00dd, Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m trong A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o trong 9 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb \u00c1NH S\u00c1NG, v\u00ec tai kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn nghe v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ba Th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: T\u1ef8, THI\u1ec6T v\u00e0 TH\u00c2N ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eeb \u0111i H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng. V\u00ec m\u0169i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ba T\u1ef8, THI\u1ec6T v\u00e0 TH\u00c2N ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng hoa ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o hai m\u0169i ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y, l\u01b0\u1ee1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7n, l\u1ea1t, ngon, d\u1edf… T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt \u1ea5y n\u00f3ng hay l\u1ea1nh v.v… Ba c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 BA HI\u1ec6P.<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft v\u00e0 Tai ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1n nghe th\u00ec hai c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 HAI R\u1edcI.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i C\u0102N (l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh b\u00ean trong g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh S\u1eafc C\u0103n hay Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a C\u0103n) ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi TR\u1ea6N (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u01a1 quan) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan \u1ea5y m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u khi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi C\u0103n.<\/p>\n

(3) H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n

a\/ C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi Gian v\u00e0 T\u00e1nh Ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Th\u1eddi Gian Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: Theo Kinh Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ Thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n Nghi\u1ec7p: \u00d0\u1eddi nay t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi nay th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

2\/ Thu\u1eadn sinh Nghi\u1ec7p: \u00d0\u1eddi nay t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u1edbi th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

3\/ Thu\u1eadn h\u1eadu Nghi\u1ec7p: \u00d0\u1eddi nay t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u1edbi th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

4\/ Thu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh Nghi\u1ec7p: Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 khi trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1eddi sau, c\u00f3 khi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n T\u00e1nh Ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c Kinh, Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ T\u00edch l\u0169y Nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2\/ T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n Nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, n\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

3\/ C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng Nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, hay trong \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u xa, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch: gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A La H\u00e1n, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

4\/ C\u1eadn t\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7p: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n l\u00e2m chung, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9. Trong kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 T\u1eafc c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 \u00dd nh\u1eb9: nh\u01b0 n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u1ee1 tay l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

2\/ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u00dd n\u1eb7ng: nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u00eam khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m dao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2m, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u00dd th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3\/ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

4\/ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ngv\u00e0 \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb7ng: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00ec th\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u00dd ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u00d0i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9, kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 T\u1eafc c\u00f3 chia ra l\u00e0m t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng \u00dd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng dao \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

2\/ D\u1ee5ng \u00dd n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00ec th\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e9m n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

3\/ K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng \u00dd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may tr\u00fang v\u1ee1 s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

4\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng \u00dd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng dao ch\u00e9m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng may thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb9 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

5\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng \u00dd nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00f4 \u00dd l\u00e1i xe c\u00e1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

6\/ D\u1ee5ng \u00dd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1c \u00fd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i vu c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

7\/ D\u1ee5ng \u00dd, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb7ng: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng dao ch\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

8\/ D\u1ee5ng \u00dd, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n h\u00f9 d\u1ecda b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u01a1i n\u00ean d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 da c\u1ecdp gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m c\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi li r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Lu\u1eadt H\u00ecnh S\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

b\/ H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3m Gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 truy nguy\u00ean ra vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u0103n) tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 do do \u0111\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i TH\u00c2N t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c C\u0102N c\u1ee7a N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa C\u0102N l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong khi t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean Nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Tham, S\u00e2n, Si l\u00e0 ba m\u00f3n k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eaft d\u1eabn Th\u00e2n, Kh\u1ea9u, \u00dd v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra hai m\u00f3n V\u00f4 T\u00e0m, V\u00f4 Qu\u00ed v\u00e0 8 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t d\u1eaft d\u1eabn n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng oan nghi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bu\u00f4ng lung theo nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n cho ba m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1eaft d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 V\u00f4 Tha, V\u00f4 S\u00e2n, V\u00f4 Si \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb hay tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ba m\u00f3n Tham, S\u00e2n, Si v\u1eeba k\u1ec3. \u00d0\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb Tham, S\u00e2n, Si c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i V\u00f4 T\u00e0m, V\u00f4 Qu\u00ed ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 T\u00e0m, Qu\u00ed n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 chi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1eeba n\u00eau h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 lo g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tu th\u00e0nh B\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c sau n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111i xa ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u01b0a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec N\u0103m Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m m\u00e0 ra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o (v\u00ec l\u00e0 “ch\u1ee7 so\u00e1i trong nh\u00e0 c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang…”. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o Nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn Nghi\u1ec7p qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m…<\/p>\n

IV NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U KI\u1ec6N TR\u1ee2 DUY\u00caN CHO TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean” (Vinaya I, P.40 – Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt, quy\u1ec3n 16, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 22, trang 210, trung).<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u01a1i Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y sinh n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia sinh; c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y di\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n

“C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3” nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ea7y n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p. “C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y sinh n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia sinh” nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Quan n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

1\/ L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn chia \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ra l\u00e0m 6 lo\u1ea1i NH\u00c2N nh\u01b0 sau: N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n, C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n, D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n, Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n, \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch “Th\u1ea5t Quy\u1ec3n L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0” (quy\u1ec3n 2, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, 16, trang 600, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 6 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 6 nh\u00e2n n\u00eau tr\u00ean. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u00d0\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u00e2n, N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n, Hi\u1ec3n Li\u1ec5u Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Quan \u00d0\u00e3i Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do Ca Da Di\u1ec5n Ni T\u1eed y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m L\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p B\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y. V\u1ec1 sau H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i, trong lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i chia Nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau: Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, X\u1ea3, T\u1eeb Bi, v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng thuy\u1ebft L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn trong lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ca Da Di\u1ec5n Ni T\u1eed.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

A\/ N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Tr\u1eeb t\u1ef1, d\u01b0 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ra c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean trong thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma T\u1ea1p T\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 3, c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean 20 lo\u1ea1i N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) Sinh N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (2) Tr\u1ee5 N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (3) Tr\u00ec N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (4) Chi\u1ebfu N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (5) Bi\u1ebfn Ho\u1ea1i N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (6) Ph\u00e2n Ly N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (7) Chuy\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (8) T\u00edn Gi\u1ea3i N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (9) Hi\u1ec3n Li\u1ec5u N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (10) \u00d0\u1eb3ng Ch\u00ed N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (11) T\u00f9y Thuy\u1ebft N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (12) Quan \u00d0\u00e3i N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (13) Khi\u00ean D\u1eabn N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (14) Sinh Kh\u1edfi N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (15) Nhi\u1ebfp Th\u1ee5 N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (16) D\u1eabn Ph\u00e1t N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (17) \u00d0\u1ecbnh Bi\u1ec7t N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (18) \u00d0\u1ed3ng S\u1ef1 N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (19) T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi N\u0103ng T\u00e1c, (20) B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi N\u0103ng T\u00e1c. (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 31, trang 671, trung h\u1ea1).<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh d\u1eaft d\u1eabn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vai tr\u00f2 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

B\/ C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n
\nTrong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “h\u1ed7 vi qu\u1ea3” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec khi ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan ph\u00e1t sinh quan h\u1ec7 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch quan, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 sau. H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ed3ng Th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Theo H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00ec C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n

* M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 “C\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3”: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n”<\/p>\n

* Hai l\u00e0 “C\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n h\u1ed7 vi qu\u1ea3” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “H\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n”.<\/p>\n

C\/ \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 trong s\u00e1t na di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a “\u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n” v\u00e0 “\u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3”<\/p>\n

D\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n
\nC\u0169ng trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd”, Quy\u1ebft \u00d0\u1ecbnh T\u00e2m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Khi Th\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sinh kh\u1edfi li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em l\u1ea1i do m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n”.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a “T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 “C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n”. Nh\u01b0ng C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd,c\u00f2n T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa (B\u00e0 Sa, quy\u1ec3n 16, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, 27, trang 80, h\u1ea1), v\u00e0 theo H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o “Ng\u0169 S\u1ef1 B\u00ecnh \u00d0\u1eb3ng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: Khi m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (ng\u0169 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng):<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n, (2) Duy\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh, (3) Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, (4) C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, (5) \u00d0\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

E\/ Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 m\u00f3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf, nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, M\u1ea1n, Nghi, \u00c1c Ki\u1ebfn (\u00c1c Ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7).<\/p>\n

Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi 6 m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

F\/ D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p Thi\u1ec7n, \u00c1c l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc ch\u1eef D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

(1) D\u1ecb Th\u1eddi nhi th\u1ee5c (kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00edn): Do th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nhanh c\u00f3 ch\u1eadm do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(2) D\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1i nhi th\u1ee5c (kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00edn): Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 xo\u00e0i khi c\u00f2n non, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00edn th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 xo\u00e0i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf…<\/p>\n

(3) Bi\u1ebfn D\u1ecb nhi th\u1ee5c (\u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00edn): V\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gieo nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i khi c\u00f2n non c\u00f3 v\u1ecb v\u1eeba ch\u00e1t v\u1eeba chua nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt…<\/p>\n

V\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 6 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbn tr\u1ea1ng sai bi\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m khi n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

2- T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

Theo T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, Th\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ec7 Duy\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean), S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi duy\u00ean), v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

A- S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 4 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 10 Duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong kinh Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-s\u01a1-th\u1eafng-ph\u00e1p-m\u00f4n, quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ea1ng \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Trong Th\u1ee9c-th\u00e2n-t\u1ee9c-lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n ba (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, 26, trang 547, trung) c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft Ma (theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean. Trong Thi Thi\u1ebft T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng (B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 21, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 108, h\u1ea1). Theo c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn th\u00ec T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn, theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra trong X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m Lu\u1eadn (quy\u1ec3n 25-26, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 28, trang 679-687) c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadp Duy\u00ean, v\u1eady ta th\u1eed xem Th\u1eadp Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec nhau kh\u00f4ng ? Th\u1eadp Duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, 2\/ V\u00f4 D\u00e1ng Duy\u00ean, 3\/ C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean (S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean), 4\/ Y Duy\u00ean, 5\/ Nghi\u1ec7p Duy\u00ean, 6\/ B\u00e1o Duy\u00ean, 7\/ Kh\u1edfi Duy\u00ean, 8\/ D\u1ecb Duy\u00ean, 9( T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean, 10\/ T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadp Duy\u00ean. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng Pali c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nam Truy\u1ec1n. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 B\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 B\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1eb7c Gi\u00e0 La Thi Thi\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn L\u00fd th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thai t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Theo lu\u1eadn A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u1ea1t-Ma-Ph\u00e1p-Y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a A-N\u1eadu-L\u00e2u-\u00d0\u00e0, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t c\u1eed 24 Duy\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111em thu nhi\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 4 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean, \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B- S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 10 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 24 Duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

Trong \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Trong Lu\u1eadn S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 9 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: 1\/ Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, 2\/ T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean, 3\/ C\u00e2u Sanh Duy\u00ean, 4\/ C\u0103n Duy\u00ean, 5\/ Th\u1ef1c Duy\u00ean, 6\/ \u00d0\u1ea1o Duy\u00ean, 7\/ C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean, 8\/ V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, 9\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean trong \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 24 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng con s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, 2\/ C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean (S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean), 3\/ T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean, 4\/ V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, 5\/ \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, 6\/ C\u00e2u Sinh Duy\u00ean, 7\/ H\u1ed7 Vi Duy\u00ean, 8\/ Y Duy\u00ean, 9\/ C\u1eadn Duy\u00ean, 10\/ Ti\u1ec1n Sinh Duy\u00ean, 11\/ H\u1eadu Sinh Duy\u00ean, 12\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean, 13\/ Nghi\u1ec7p Duy\u00ean, 14\/ B\u00e1o Duy\u00ean (D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean), 15\/ Th\u1ef1c Duy\u00ean, 16\/ C\u0103n Duy\u00ean, 17 Thi\u1ec1n Duy\u00ean, 18\/ \u00d0\u1ea1o Duy\u00ean, 19\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Duy\u00ean, 20\/ B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Duy\u00ean, 21\/ H\u1eefu Duy\u00ean, 22\/ Phi H\u1eefu Duy\u00ean, 23 Ly Duy\u00ean, 24\/ Phi Ly Duy\u00ean (tham kh\u1ea3o trong s\u00e1ch Compendium of Philosophy pp. 191-5, Visuddhumagga vol. II, p. 532).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 hai b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Lu\u1eadn S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi sau \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 C\u1eedu Duy\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2u g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 24 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi A-D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean trong X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m ?<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean bao h\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong 10 Duy\u00ean, th\u1ee9 7 l\u00e0 Kh\u1edfi Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 8 l\u00e0 D\u1ecb Duy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc qua d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn 24 Duy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec Kh\u1edfi Duy\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi C\u1eadn Duy\u00ean c\u00f2n D\u1ecb Duy\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi H\u1ed7 Vi Duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u00f3 sau? Trong s\u00e1ch Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u1ea1t-Ma-Lu\u1eadn trang 127-132 c\u1ee7a Kimura Taiken c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean trong lu\u1eadn X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t-A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t thai t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean trong \u00d0\u1ea1i-ph\u1ea9m-lo\u1ea1i-lu\u1eadn. V\u00ec thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c do \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3i l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean cho c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t-A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u00e0m. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

C- S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 24 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 4 duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n A \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 24 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 4 Duy\u00ean. A N\u1eadu L\u00e2u \u00d0\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch A-T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t-Ma Ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn sau khi li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 24 Duy\u00ean l\u1ea1i qui k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ra 4 Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean \u0111i t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, Th\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ec7 Duy\u00ean (\u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean), S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean (C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean) v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sau khi thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 24 Duy\u00ean v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean trong \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o theo thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean trong lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft 4 Duy\u00ean d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng Kinh Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi S\u1edf Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i 4 Duy\u00ean. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb trong Kinh v\u1eeba n\u00f3i ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng “B\u00e1t M\u00f4n Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi” \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u00fd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1\/ C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0: Th\u1ee5 D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi).<\/p>\n

2\/ Nh\u1eadm Tr\u00ec Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

3\/ Th\u1ef1c Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

4\/T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Sinh Th\u00e2n T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi).<\/p>\n

5\/ Y Tr\u00ec Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Sinh Th\u00e2n Y Tr\u00ec Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi).<\/p>\n

6\/ Sai Bi\u1ec7t Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Sinh Th\u00e2n Sai Bi\u1ec7t Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi).<\/p>\n

7\/Thanh T\u1ecbnh Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

8\/T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n

(Tham kh\u1ea3o “Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi S\u01a1 Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n Kinh”, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 16, quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1, trang 841, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t M\u00f4n Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi 24 Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 10 Duy\u00ean k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1eb3ng B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau Du Gi\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn tuy l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 4 Duy\u00ean th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng 4 Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho l\u1eafm cho n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean, Ng\u0169 Qu\u1ea3 (D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3, T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3, \u00d0\u1eb3ng L\u01b0u Qu\u1ea3, S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3, Ly H\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3) nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ra thuy\u1ebft 10 Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft 10 Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ T\u00f9y Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n, 2\/Quan \u00d0\u00e3i Nh\u00e2n, 3\/ Khi\u00ean D\u1eabn Nh\u00e2n, 4\/ Sinh Kh\u1edfi Nh\u00e2n, 5\/ Nhi\u1ebfp Th\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n, 6\/ D\u1eabn Ph\u00e1t Nh\u00e2n, 7\/ \u00d0\u1ecbnh D\u1ecb nh\u00e2n, 8\/ \u00d0\u1ed3ng S\u1ef1 Nh\u00e2n, 9\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi Nh\u00e2n, 10\/ B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi Nh\u00e2n (tham kh\u1ea3o: “Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 5, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 30, trang 301). Thuy\u1ebft 10 Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn n\u1ea7y tuy kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 10, v\u00e0 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a hai thuy\u1ebft ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Tr\u00f9ng Tr\u00f9ng Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean,<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ec7 Duy\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean hay V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean)<\/p>\n

– S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean), v\u00e0<\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi sinh ra qu\u1ea3. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed sinh ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hay hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi sinh ra qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean th\u00ec Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gia n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo Y T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma Ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn th\u00ec nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si, x\u1ea3, t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng theo X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn (quy\u1ec3n 25, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 29, trang 679) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 thu nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng “nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con”. Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng “nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Ya, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed tri\u1ec3n khai quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Theo thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Sa v\u00e0 C\u00e2u X\u00e1. Hai b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN (tr\u1eeb N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n ra) bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 n\u0103m nh\u00e2n kia l\u00e0 C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n, \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n, Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y C\u00e2u X\u00e1 l\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n ra. V\u00ec N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n “ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00f4 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i” l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng n\u0103m nh\u00e2n kia m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sanh th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 quanh ta ho\u1eb7c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) T\u00f9y Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01a1n (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

(2) Qu\u00e1n \u00d0\u00e3i Nh\u01a1n (th\u1ec3 theo s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm ra c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec).<\/p>\n

(3) Ki\u00ean D\u1eabn Nh\u01a1n (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eabn l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ki\u00ean D\u1eabn Nh\u01a1n, c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n sanh ra c\u00e1i sau).<\/p>\n

(4) Nhi\u1ebfp Th\u1ecd Nh\u01a1n (nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n

(5) Sanh Kh\u1edfi Nh\u01a1n (t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ea7m sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n

(6) D\u1eabn Ph\u00e1t Nh\u01a1n (\u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1i m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

(7) \u00d0\u1ecbnh Bi\u1ec7t Nh\u01a1n (t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh ra m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea1t b\u1eafp ch\u1ec9 sinh ra c\u1ea5y b\u1eafp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec1 sinh ra c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n

(8) \u00d0\u1ed3ng S\u1ef1 Nh\u01a1n (ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u01a1n Qu\u00e1n \u00d0\u00e3i, Khi\u00ean Nh\u1eabn, Nhi\u1ebfp Th\u1ecd, Sanh Kh\u1edfi, D\u1eabn Ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecbnh Bi\u1ec7t, s\u00e1u nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n nhau kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng).<\/p>\n

(9) T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi Nh\u01a1n (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00faa non g\u1eb7p n\u1eafng h\u00e2n b\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u00e0n l\u1ee5n \u0111i).<\/p>\n

(10) B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi Nh\u01a1n (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng…).<\/p>\n

2. TH\u1ee8 \u00d0\u1ec6 DUY\u00caN (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean hay \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean)<\/p>\n

“\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i T\u00e1m Th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00e2m S\u1edf m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m sanh di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. H\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ni\u1ec7m sau sanh ra. V\u00ec sanh di\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec chen v\u00e0o l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean” (Duy Th\u1ee9c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n \u00d0\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng \u00d0\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean, HT Thi\u1ec7n Hoa – Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef “th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, c\u00f2n “duy\u00ean” l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. C\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1i sau sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 duy\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi th\u1eafp ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7y g\u1ea7n t\u00e0n l\u1ee5n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef cho ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u ch\u00e2m v\u00e0o cho ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7y sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n sau.<\/p>\n

Trong thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean th\u1ec9 V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Trong X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Trong thuy\u1ebft T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean th\u00ec \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai. Trong thuy\u1ebft 10 Duy\u00ean th\u00ec V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Khi ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111i th\u00ec ni\u1ec7m sau li\u1ec1n sanh kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho ni\u1ec7m sau kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m hay T\u00e2m S\u1edf tuy l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng (b\u1eb1ng nhau) kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Trong X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng hay \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n “V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed trong Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 \u1edf xa ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3i l\u1ee5a tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean hay \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 hay d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi gi\u1eefa hai ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 sau kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi hay l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec gi\u1eefa ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m sau sanh kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c xen v\u00e0o n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 (quy\u1ec3n 7). Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i sau nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m duy\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 sinh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1ede DUY\u00caN DUY\u00caN (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean)<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3. Khi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec theo Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea7n N\u0103ng Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea7n S\u1edf Duy\u00ean. V\u00ec c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef Duy\u00ean n\u00ean hai ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh TH\u1ee8C sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi n\u00f3i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec…<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec T\u00c2M sinh kh\u1edfi \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u1ea2NH th\u00ec T\u00c2M kh\u00f4ng sinh… Trong lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m (quy\u1ec3n 25, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 28, trang 680) l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn \u0111i, m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 b\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u khi m\u1eaft xem hoa m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hoa, n\u1ebfu trong ph\u00f2ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eaft c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean n\u1eefa th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 “Th\u00e2n S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean” v\u00e0 “S\u1edf S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean”:<\/p>\n

(a) Th\u00e2n S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean: Khi Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9c Duy\u00ean qua T\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u00e2n S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong n\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(b) S\u1edf S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean: Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quanh ta \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, hoa l\u00e1… Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. M\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ta nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp duy\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y T\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 “S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean” hay l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean” c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

4. T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i hay ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0n l\u1ee5n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecbch T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean. Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ngh\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u00e1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma Ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m th\u00ec T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n, tinh ti\u1ebfn, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 duy… nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng chi ph\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh d\u1eaft d\u1eabn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean kh\u00e1ch quan n\u1eefa m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, B\u00e0 Sa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean trong thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean v\u1edbi N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n trong thuy\u1ebft L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1eeb t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean n\u1ea7y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p Ngh\u1ecbch T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean th\u00ec thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hay t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb suy t\u00e0n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo lu\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thuy\u1ebft minh t\u1eebng Duy\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 DUY\u00caN. Do \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chung c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng hay v\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec theo A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean, theo \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong thuy\u1ebft 24 Duy\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa “ti\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf” v\u00e0 “h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf” l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, \u00d0\u1eb3ng V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1n Duy\u00ean, Phi H\u1eefu Duy\u00ean, Ly Duy\u00ean, T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5c Duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Duy\u00ean. \u00d0\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft B\u1ed1n Duy\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00e2m S\u1edf tuy l\u00e0 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng trong “V\u00f4 T\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ecbnh” thu\u1ed9c “V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh” th\u00ec thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t S\u1edf Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean m\u00e0 y v\u00e0o ba duy\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a hai duy\u00ean l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 7).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh hay quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, hay suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

3\/ Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u0103m qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cho th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c PH\u00c1P.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ea3, Qu\u1ea3 B\u00e1o… c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa, Qu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ph\u1ea1m vi H\u1eefu B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau qu\u1ea3. Theo B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn (quy\u1ec3n 121, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 27, trang 629; C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 6) th\u00ec c\u00f3 5 Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: A\/ D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3, B\/ \u00d0\u1eb3ng L\u01b0u Qu\u1ea3, C\/ S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3, D\/ T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3, E\/ Ly H\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

A. D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 sinh ra D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef D\u1ecb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian (d\u1ecb th\u1eddi), kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i (d\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 cho qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p Thi\u1ec7n hay \u00c1c. Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00c1c nh\u01b0ng khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec7n hay \u00c1c l\u00e0 do Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n sinh ra. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc gieo nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh hay \u00e1c sau khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi sau do c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y \u0111i th\u1ecd thai. Th\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B- \u00d0\u1eb3ng L\u01b0u Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng L\u01b0u ? \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh…<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu Qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n. Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y do \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n sinh ra.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n sinh ra. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n n\u00ean khi sinh ra qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

C- S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: “N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh ra th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3”. N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D- T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Theo H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00ec T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00ec “tr\u1eeb t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ra, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n (hay l\u00e0 T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Duy\u00ean). M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec 4 qu\u1ea3 kia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hay quy k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 4 qu\u1ea3 kia m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3, Gi\u00e1n Ti\u1ebfp Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ti\u00eau C\u1ef1c Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1n Ti\u1ebfp Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

E- Ly H\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1u th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3 hay S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Sinh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y do d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu vi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 vi Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ly H\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ecfi Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbnh t\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a H\u1ef1u B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa L\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 5 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

1) D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3: do D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2) \u00d0\u0103ng L\u01b0u Qu\u1ea3: do \u00d0\u1ed3ng Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3) S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3: do C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

4) T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3: do N\u0103ng T\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5) Ly H\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3: do d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 vi Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c 6 Nh\u00e2n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

4\/ B\u1ed1n Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i 5 qu\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1eadp th\u00eam 4 qu\u1ea3 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 5 Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

A- An L\u1eadp Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Theo Th\u1eadp Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 y c\u1ee9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 do tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn gia c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn An L\u1eadp H\u1ea1nh trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 An L\u1eadp H\u1ea1nh (Supratichthitatch\u00e2ritra) (B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t), Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea1nh (Vicichtatch\u00e2ritra) (B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t), v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1nh (Vicu\u0111hatch\u00e2ritra) (B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

B- Gia H\u1ea1nh Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed hay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tu B\u1ea5t T\u1ecbnh Qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed v\u00f4 sinh.<\/p>\n

Gia H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Tinh T\u1ea5n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C- H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u01a1 Quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (C\u0103n) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m Nh\u00e2n sinh ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

H\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c C\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y hoa v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 sau khi th\u1ea5y hoa r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i hoa n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i hoa kia… \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

D-Tu T\u1eadp Qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng do T\u0129nh L\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Bi\u1ebfn H\u00f3a T\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Bi\u1ebfn H\u00f3a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a T\u0129nh L\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o trong 4 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong 5 qu\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00e2u H\u1eefu Nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0o S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng 4 Qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3 4 Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0o S\u0129 D\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ea3 hay T\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o 6 Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra 5 Qu\u1ea3 (hay 9 Qu\u1ea3). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eed b\u00e0n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

a) Nh\u00e2n tru\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3 sau<\/p>\n

b) Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra hai lo\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 D\u1eef Qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3 do Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c Th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3 Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7u Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 6 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: “C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gieo nh\u00e2n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3, cho \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1eef Qu\u1ea3”.<\/p>\n

(Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma-kosa-sastra) do Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu) s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u X\u00e1 T\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 (Sarvastiv\u00e2din) n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9, Gi\u00e1o T\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i La H\u1ea7u La).<\/p>\n

5\/ T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng U\u2019ng H\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p T\u00c2M B\u1ea4T T\u01af\u01a0NG \u01afNG H\u00e0NH th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 V\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh”. Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn gia Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn gia c\u00f2n li\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p. Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn gia quy n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” n\u1eb1m trong tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a “tam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c”. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ee5c n\u1ea7y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” theo quan ni\u1ec7m Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M. V\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p s\u1edf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i V\u1eadt \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

A\/ THEO LU\u00c2N B\u00d4 NAM PH\u01af\u01a0NG<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 theo nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt c\u00f2n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Thi Thi\u1ebft” \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” ph\u00e1p. Trong A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00dd Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3 “Thi Thi\u1ebft” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Quan ni\u1ec7m, hay l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p. Trong A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma Ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a A N\u1eadu L\u00e2u \u00d0\u00e0 th\u00ec “Thi Thi\u1ebft” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Danh Thi Thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ngh\u0129a Thi Thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a Thi Thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a “kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m”. Danh Thi Thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 .<\/p>\n

Theo A-\u00d4-\u00c2n-Th\u1ecb th\u00ec ngh\u0129a “Thi Thi\u1ebft” n\u00f3i tr\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) “Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 thi thi\u1ebft”: li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ea5p Thi Thi\u1ebft: l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u1eadp H\u1ee3p Thi Thi\u1ebft: l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt .<\/p>\n

(4) Lo\u1ea1i Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7ng hay Lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(5) H\u00ecnh Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(6) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(7) Th\u1eddi Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

(8) Kh\u00f4ng Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

(9) T\u01b0\u1edbng Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

(10) Phi H\u1eefu Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(11) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(12) Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c Thi Thi\u1ebft: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(Compendium of Ph. Pp. 5-6)<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ec1 Thi Thi\u1ebft, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o sau, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\/ Theo lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 b\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn B\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” n\u1ea7y. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m, Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn v.v… \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y th\u00ec T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng T\u00e2m L\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng V\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c H\u1eefu, Kinh B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p”. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i v\u1ec1 Duy T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 trong Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, L\u00e3o. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 M\u1ec7nh, \u00d0\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ee5c “c\u1ed9ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p” c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn “X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m” c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi T\u00e2m S\u1edf v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Sinh, L\u00e3o, T\u1eed, M\u1ec7nh, K\u1ebft, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, \u00d0\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh v.v.. (X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 1, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 28, trang 526, h\u1ea1; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma Lu\u1eadn, trang 129 ).<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i T\u00e2m S\u1edf v\u00e0 ba V\u00f4 Vi, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1eafc, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1, M\u1ec7nh C\u0103n, Ch\u00fang \u00d0\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadn, Y \u00d0\u1eafc, S\u1ef1 \u00d0\u1eafc, X\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1eafc, Sinh, L\u00e3o, Tr\u1ee5, V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Danh Th\u00e2n, C\u00fa Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 V\u0103n Th\u00e2n (Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 10, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 26, trang 500).<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea c\u00e1c m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 : \u00d0\u1eafc, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1, M\u1ec7nh C\u0103n, Ch\u00fang \u00d0\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadn, Y \u00d0\u1eafc, X\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1eafc, S\u1ef1 \u00d0\u1eafc, Sinh, L\u00e3o, Tr\u1ee5, V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh, Danh Th\u00e2n, C\u00fa Th\u00e2n, V\u0103n Th\u00e2n , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” (Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 1, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 26, trang 692).<\/p>\n

Ha L\u00ea B\u1ea1t Ma trong Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 7, B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m 190 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 32, trang 289) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh 15. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u00d0\u1eafc, Phi \u00d0\u1eafc, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1 (ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ea3), M\u1ec7nh C\u0103n, Ch\u00fang \u00d0\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadn, D\u1ecb Sinh T\u00ednh, Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t, Danh Th\u00e2n, C\u00fa Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 V\u0103n Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn D\u1ecb Sinh T\u00ednh n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 14 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p” c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u theo con s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 sau: “… n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2m, th\u00ec t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” do \u0111\u00f3 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf con s\u1ed1 14 hay 15.<\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y, ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 trong \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (quy\u1ec3n 1, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 31, trang 665) T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 24 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eafc ,Phi \u00d0\u1eafc, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c, M\u1ec7nh C\u0103n , Ch\u00fang \u00d0\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadn, Sinh, L\u00e3o, Tr\u1ee5, V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Danh Th\u00e2n, C\u00fa Th\u00e2n, V\u0103n Th\u00e2n, D\u1ecb Sinh T\u00ednh, L\u01b0u Chuy\u1ec3n, \u00d0\u1ecbnh D\u1ecb, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng, Th\u1ebf T\u1ed1c, Th\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ec7, Th\u1eddi, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u1ed1, H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p (xem c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y trong s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma T\u1ea1p T\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 2 c\u1ee7a An Hu\u1ec7 , \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 31, trang 700).<\/p>\n

Theo H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 th\u00eam T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Kinh B\u1ed9, Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn, Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (“\u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma t\u1ea1p t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn” quy\u1ec3n 1, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 31, trang 665, h\u1ea1); trong Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 5, Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea9m 18, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 T\u00e1c Nghi\u1ec7p” (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 32, trang 252, trung, h\u1ea1).<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh hay b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh m\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\/ \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn t\u1eebng ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(1) \u00d0\u1eafc : \u00d0\u1eafc l\u00e0 “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh” hay l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh v.v… Do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u00d0\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p trong “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p”. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng khi ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa: Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0m Phu khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ee5 \u1edf t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong T\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Tr\u00ed V\u00f4 L\u1eadu “kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t” c\u00f2n t\u00e2m ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd \u0111i th\u00ec t\u00e2m Ph\u00e0m phu s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn cho Ph\u00e0m Phu v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p \u00d0\u1eafc \u1edf Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu “kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t” kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e0m Phu l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. \u00d0\u1eafc theo c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gia c\u00f2n chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : “Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc”, “ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u \u0111\u1eafc” v\u00e0 “ph\u00e1p h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc”. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “ti\u1ec1n” v.v… v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. (tham kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 158, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 27, trang 801; v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 4).<\/p>\n

(2) Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 “Phi \u00d0\u1eafc”, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Phi \u00d0\u1eafc l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, (4) di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, (5) v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m hay V\u1eadt n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p”. \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u00f3a \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(6) M\u1ec7nh C\u0103n: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. H\u00f3a \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1ea9n”. \u00d0\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Phi t\u1ee9c phi ly u\u1ea9n ng\u00e3”. H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do T\u00e2m, Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n (Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n

(7) Ch\u00fang \u00d0\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadn: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i: C\u00f3 2 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Sai Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 H\u1eefu Sai Bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Sai Bi\u1ec7t: Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 hay tr\u1ebb con n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi .<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu Sai Bi\u1ec7t: gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0… Ph\u00e1i Th\u1eafng Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i chia \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn th\u00e0nh cao-\u0111\u1eb3ng-\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t-\u0111\u1eb3ng-\u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

(8) D\u1ecb Sinh T\u00ednh: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu do H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(9) Sinh, (10) Tr\u1ee5, (11) D\u1ecb, (12) Di\u1ec7t: l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i lu\u1eadn gia tranh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn xem 4 t\u01b0\u1edbng Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 39 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 27, trang 200) ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 T\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ngo\u00e0i Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t ra h\u1ecd c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Sinh, Tr\u1ee5, D\u1ecb, Di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra thuy\u1ebft “Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee9 T\u01b0\u1edbng” hay “T\u00f9y T\u01b0\u1edbng”, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o .<\/p>\n

(13) Danh, (14) C\u00fa, (15) V\u0103n (theo Lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 14, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 27, trang 70) c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho r\u1eb1ng Danh Th\u00e2n, C\u00fa Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 V\u0103n Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Thanh Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Danh, C\u00fa, V\u0103n l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng (thanh) l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, T\u00f4ng n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang v\u00e0o “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

Danh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Danh T\u1eeb (danh thuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh).<\/p>\n

C\u00fa l\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3… (c\u00fa thuy\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t). V\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0: a, i, u, e … Nh\u1edd m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ra th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1edd danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p… Nh\u1edd c\u00e2u m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ra ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng… C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch mh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a V\u0103n \u00d0i\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1i .<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

(16) L\u01b0u Chuy\u1ec3n: n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(17) \u00d0\u1ecbnh d\u1ecb: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(18) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ly c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 .<\/p>\n

(19) Th\u1ebf T\u1ed1c: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(20) Th\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ec7: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n ra theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

(21) Th\u1eddi: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n trong ba \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(22) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(23) S\u1ed1: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: m\u1ed9t, hai, ba, b\u1ed1n …<\/p>\n

(24) H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 do nhi\u1ec1u duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh (tham kh\u1ea3o A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma t\u1ea1p t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 2, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 31, trang 700 , 701).<\/p>\n

D\/ D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong quy lu\u1eadt “\u00d0\u1ed9ng” c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng V\u00f4 Vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Quan.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p” \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung gian gi\u1eefa V\u00f4 Vi v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3 v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n theo qui lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa n\u00ean t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy k\u1ebft v\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui k\u1ebft v\u00e0o V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00d0\u00f4ng S\u01a1n B\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u00f3a \u00d0\u1ecba B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ee9 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1 v. v… \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u1ea1t-Ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00ec trong “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p. Hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd thu nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh”, V\u00f4 Vi v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\/ S\u1ef0 PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P, \u0110\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG BI\u1ec2U BI\u1ec6T C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

1\/ \u00dd ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef “PH\u00c1P”<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 PH\u00c1P. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p” th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “Ph\u00e1p” l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh-nh\u1eadm-tr\u00ec”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i “Ph\u00e1p” c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fa th\u00edch Duy-th\u1ee9c-thu\u1eadt -k\u00fd-nh\u1ea5t- b\u1ea3n, quy\u1ec3n I (\u00d0\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh 43, trang 8, h\u1ea1) l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c-lu\u1eadn n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “qu\u1ec9-sinh-v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef “Ph\u00e1p”. Hai t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: “nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “PH\u00c1P”. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “PH\u00c1P”.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0: “khi \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c”. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5-th\u1ec3-h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c PH\u00c1P \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf… \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u00e0u tuy kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh, m\u1eebng, gi\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u01a1ng, vui v.v… m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean n\u00ean khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c PH\u00c1P c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

2\/ Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i-lu\u1eadn, tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c PH\u00c1P \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa, quy\u1ec3n 59 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, 27, trang 306) v\u00e0 C\u00e2u X\u00e1, quy\u1ec3n I, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1eed xem sao?<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e0 Sa, C\u00e2u X\u00e1 th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e2u: “nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, ly th\u1eadt t\u00ednh”; theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u1ebfp chung nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m, n\u00ean th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m s\u1edf”. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gom chung th\u00e0nh “s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi tha lo\u1ea1i: T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo B\u00e0-Sa lu\u1eadn th\u00ec t\u1eeb H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i “Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb” (s\u1eafc-ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m-ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m-s\u1edf, t\u00e2m-b\u1ea5t-t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u01b0\u01a1ng-h\u00e0nh-ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p), t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169-U\u1ea9n, Th\u1eadp-nh\u1ecb-x\u1ee9, Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i “tam khoa” n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c PH\u00c1P.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 TH\u1ef1c, GI\u1ea2, theo Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u00e0 B\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo “Tam Khoa” (U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi) b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. Theo Kinh-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp-nh\u1ecb-x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (gi\u1ea3), ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1eadp-nh\u1ecb-x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp-b\u00e1t-gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c,c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo Tam Khoa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u01a1ng Nhi\u1ebfp n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o chia v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: h\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra hai ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean. V\u1ec1 sau A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu-lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn, khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u chia th\u00e0nh hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 H\u1eefu L\u1eadu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 L\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng sau l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh ra H\u1eefu Vi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi (C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n I). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 C\u00e2u X\u00e1, Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i chia t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh Nh\u1ea5t-U\u1ea9n, Nh\u1ea5t-X\u1ee9, Nh\u1ea5t-Gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ba khoa (C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n I). Trong S\u1eafc U\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trong \u00dd X\u1ee9 g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 trong ph\u00e1p-gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t-t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: V\u1eadt, T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi.<\/p>\n

Trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu-lu\u1eadn (8, 13) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: Danh (t\u00e2m), S\u1eafc (v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 Thi Thi\u1ebft (kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt), ba lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y chia v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh S\u1eafc (v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t), Th\u1ecd (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh), T\u01b0 (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), H\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh, th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1c) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft “L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi” tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y chia v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ra l\u00e0m 6 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u00d0\u1ecba, Th\u1ee7y, H\u1ecfa, Phong, Kh\u00f4ng, Th\u1ee9c. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c, 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong A-H\u00e0m B\u1ed9, \u00d0\u1ea1i-gi\u1edbi-kinh (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, I, trang 723).<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p n\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u00eam V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft cho thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam V\u00f4 Vi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp, T\u00f4n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n. Trong Nh\u1eadp-a-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-lu\u1eadn, Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n ba ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Vi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, Phi Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi. Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp mu\u1ed1n chia v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m c\u00fa ngh\u0129a (Thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7 chi t\u00f4ng h\u1eefu B\u00e1t c\u00fa ngh\u0129a): 1) S\u1eafc, 2) Th\u1ee5, 3) T\u01b0\u1edfng, 4) H\u00e0nh, 5) Th\u1ee9c, 6) H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, 7) Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, 8) Phi Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi (Nh\u1eadp-a-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 28, trang 980).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn A-T\u1ef3-\u00d0\u1ea1t-Ma Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Tam Khoa Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n, Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

4. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n

A\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n I c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 12 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb X\u1ee9. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c C\u0103n X\u1ee9 L\u1ee5c C\u1ea3nh X\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n x\u1ee9 S\u1eafc x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Nh\u0129 c\u0103n x\u1ee9 Thanh x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 c\u0103n x\u1ee9 H\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n x\u1ee9 V\u1ecb x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n c\u0103n x\u1ee9 X\u00fac x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

\u00dd c\u0103n x\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Theo nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u00ean ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u00dd C\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9 h\u01a1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. \u00dd trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3i ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Vi, “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd C\u0103n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. (T\u1eadp A-H\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n 13, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 2, trang 91).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb X\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ri\u00eang Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00dd C\u0103n chi v\u1eady? \u00d0\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 73 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 380) c\u00f3 11 l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ H\u1eefu th\u00ed d\u1ee5, 2\/ B\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng danh v\u00f4 c\u1ed1, 3\/ Sinh t\u01b0\u1edbng, 4\/ T\u1ee9 h\u1eefu vi t\u01b0\u1edbng, 5\/ Danh, c\u00fa, v\u0103n, th\u00e2n duy \u01b0 th\u1eed x\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ed1, 6\/ Th\u00f4ng sinh ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1, 7\/ Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n, 8\/ Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, 9\/ Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i tu\u1ec7, di\u1ec7c duy nhi\u1ebfp \u01b0 th\u1eed x\u1ee9 c\u1ed1, 10\/ Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111a ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1, 11\/ \u00d0\u1ed1i \u00fd x\u1ee9 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ V\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, 2\/ Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111a, 3\/ T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p, c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t danh Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu hay nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb X\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra 18 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 6 C\u0103n c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 6 C\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 6 Th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ra 18 gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n gi\u1edbi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Nh\u0129 c\u0103n gi\u1edbi Thanh gi\u1edbi Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 c\u0103n gi\u1edbi H\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi T\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n gi\u1edbi V\u1ecb gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n c\u0103n gi\u1edbi X\u00fac gi\u1edbi Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

\u00dd c\u0103n gi\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u00dd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb “Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0: “ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb \u00fd d\u0129 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u1ecb danh “Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi” (Tham kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 71, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 370).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa \u00dd C\u0103n Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 th\u00ec “\u00dd C\u0103n Gi\u1edbi” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 T\u00e2m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng; “\u00dd Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1edbi” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, suy lu\u1eadn… ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n, M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1m Gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam Khoa Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (tham kh\u1ea3o B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 71, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 366).<\/p>\n

C\/ Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai C\u0103n<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 “Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb c\u0103n lu\u1eadn” c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn. Theo c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3 Ba L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0, lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 5 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 28, trang 560), B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 143 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 729), C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 3 – 7… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb c\u0103n (hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai c\u0103n), theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, th\u00e2n c\u0103n, \u00fd c\u0103n, n\u1eef c\u0103n, nam c\u0103n, m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n, l\u1ea1c c\u0103n, kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n, h\u1ef7 c\u0103n, \u01b0u c\u0103n, x\u1ea3 c\u0103n, t\u00edn c\u0103n, c\u1ea7n c\u0103n, ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n, tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n, v\u1ecb tri \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u0103n, d\u0129 tri c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 tri c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 v\u00e0 B\u00e0 Sa th\u00ec s\u00e1u c\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Hai c\u0103n “nam”, “n\u1eef” l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, “m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n” ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh. T\u1eeb c\u0103n n\u00e0y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1p da c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng “C\u0103n” c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 Th\u1ee5 C\u0103n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u0103n n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7. Sau c\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 3 c\u0103n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai C\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“T\u00e2m s\u1edf y, th\u1eed bi\u1ec7t, th\u1eed tr\u1ee5, th\u1eed t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, th\u1eed t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eed t\u1ecbnh: do th\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadp c\u0103n”.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 3, s\u1edf d\u0129 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft minh ra Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai C\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ra nguy\u00ean l\u00fd “L\u01b0u Chuy\u1ec3n Ho\u00e0n Di\u1ec7t” trong v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Theo L\u00e2n K\u00fd trong T\u1ee5ng S\u1edb th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed9 (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n \u00d0\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t, trang 224). Do \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

D. Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n n\u00ean h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ra thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 500 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 chia ra nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh ra 5 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: S\u1eafc, T\u00e2m, T\u00e2m S\u1edf, T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Vi.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb n\u00f3i tr\u00ean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Bi\u1ec7n Ng\u0169 S\u1ef1 trong Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

“C\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p: 1\/ S\u1eafc, 2\/ T\u00e2m, 3\/ T\u00e2m s\u1edf, 4\/ T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh, 5\/ V\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 do b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, Nh\u0129 c\u0103n, T\u1ef7 c\u0103n, Thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, Th\u00e2n c\u0103n, S\u1eafc, Thanh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac v\u00e0 “V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc”.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c. T\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 l\u1ee5c-th\u1ee9c-th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0: th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, d\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, t\u1ea7m, t\u1eeb, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, v\u00f4 k\u00fd c\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00f9y mi\u00ean, t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, tri\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed, ch\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn, ch\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7n quan… Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m s\u1edf Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1, m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn, y \u0111\u1eafc, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc, x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eafc, sinh, l\u00e3o, tr\u1ee5, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ba v\u00f4 vi: h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n

(Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i t\u00fac lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n I, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 26, trang 692).<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tuy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i Duy Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong Y-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a A N\u00e2u L\u00e2u \u00d0\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12.<\/p>\n

Trong quy\u1ec3n I n\u00f3i “Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, 2\/ T\u00e2m s\u1edf, 3\/ Th\u00f4 s\u1eafc, t\u1ebf s\u1eafc, 4\/ Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (v\u00f4 vi). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh”. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn “Thi thi\u1ebft”, “kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, “quan ni\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu \u0111em “t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh” v\u00e0 “nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ph\u00e1p” c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 m\u00e0 thu t\u00f3m v\u00e0o “Thi thi\u1ebft”, “kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m” v\u00e0 “quan ni\u1ec7m” c\u00f9a A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng A N\u00e2u L\u00e2u \u00d0\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu hay kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Tuy r\u1eb1ng Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu nhi\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o v\u00e0o trong Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb. \u00d0\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m S\u1edf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau m\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 100 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp trong Nh\u1eadp A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma lu\u1eadn tuy b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong l\u00fac li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh 77 Ph\u00e1p, tuy th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra 75 Ph\u00e1p li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o trong Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

E. B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i L\u0103m Ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ra 75 Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 3: H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u1eefu Vi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 25: chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 11 v\u00e0 T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 14 lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

a) S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 11 lo\u1ea1i: Ng\u0169 c\u0103n (nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n); Ng\u0169 c\u1ea3nh (s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

b) T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 14 lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1eafc, phi \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n, sinh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 1: T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1t na th\u1ee9c, a l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

(4) T\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u1eefu Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 46: chia l\u00e0m 6 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

(a) Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 10: Th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, x\u00fac, d\u1ee5c, tu\u1ec7, ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, tam ma \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

(b) \u00d0\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 10: T\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, x\u1ea3, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i, khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(c) \u00d0\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 6: V\u00f4 minh, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(d) \u00d0\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 2: V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(e) Ti\u1ec3u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 10: Ph\u1eabn, ph\u00fa, xan, t\u1eadt, n\u00e3o, h\u1ea1i, h\u1eadn, si\u1ec3m, cu\u1ed3ng, ki\u00eau.<\/p>\n

(f) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 8: \u00c1c t\u00e1c, th\u00f9y mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m, t\u1eeb, tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, si.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac th\u00ec trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1p, trong T\u00e2m s\u1edf H\u1eefu Ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u1ebfn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn K\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 Quang m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 8. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u00c1c t\u00e1c, th\u00f9y mi\u00ean, t\u00e2m, t\u1eeb, tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, si. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 75 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 V\u1ecb v\u1edbi 100 Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

F. M\u1ed9t Tr\u0103m Ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v2 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 100 Ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4n ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Tr\u0103m Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n ph\u00e2n chia 100 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh 5 lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 8: Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, T\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, \u00dd th\u1ee9c, M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c, A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u00e2m S\u1edf H\u1eefu Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 51: Ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 6 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

(a) Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 5: X\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

(b) Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 5: D\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(c) Thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 11: T\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00ed, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n, khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(d) C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o c\u00f3 6: Tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn (\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 5: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7).<\/p>\n

(e) T\u00f9y Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o c\u00f3 20: Chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ec3u t\u00f9y c\u00f3 10: Ph\u1eabn, h\u1eadn, ph\u00fa, n\u00e3o, t\u1eadt, xan, cu\u1ed1ng, si\u1ec3m, h\u1ea1i, ki\u00eau.<\/p>\n

– Trung t\u00f9y c\u00f3 2: V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u00f9y c\u00f3 8: Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri.<\/p>\n

(f) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 4: H\u00f3i, mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

(3) S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u0103n: Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, th\u00e2n c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n: S\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, thinh tr\u1ea7n, h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n, v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n, x\u00fac tr\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng H\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 24: \u0111\u1eafc, m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn, di sinh t\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1o, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n, sanh, tr\u1ee5, l\u00e3o, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecb, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, th\u1ebf t\u1ed1c, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7, th\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

(5)V\u00f4 Vi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 6: H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng V\u00f4 Vi, Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t V\u00f4 Vi, Phi Tr\u1ea1ch Di\u1ec7t V\u00f4 Vi, B\u1ea5t \u00d0\u1ed9ng Di\u1ec7t V\u00f4 Vi, T\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ecd Di\u1ec7t V\u00f4 Vi, Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 Vi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c .<\/p>\n

(c\u00f2n ti\u00eap)<\/p>\n

T\/S L\u00e2m Nhu\u2019Tang
\nEmail: lamnhutang@lycos.com<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG THU\u1ed8C T\u00cdNH
\nC\u1ee6A TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

T\/S L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

I\/. T\u00cdNH THI\u1ec6N<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u00ec th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 . Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 .<\/p>\n

A\/ Thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t . Theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c Kinh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u00e4i th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt\u2019\u2019 .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m , kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m .<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? Lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt quy\u1ec3n 8 , ph\u1ea9m 100, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n : \u2018\u2019B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. L\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea3o, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00fac\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o khi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ta c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac . Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u00efa l\u1ee3i tha trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha n\u1ea7y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o . Khi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i , nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n ( tham kh\u1ea3o atthasalini p, 38, f. The expositor I, pp. 48-49).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 5 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 31 trang 26) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n : \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n\u2019\u2019 . d\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o . \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m .<\/p>\n

B\/ Thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac , nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t , l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 sinh, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n , qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb5ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u1eedu-l\u1eadu-Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4-l\u1eadu-Thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eedu-l\u1eadu-Thi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u tho\u1ea3i m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f4ng gai c\u1ea1m b\u1ea9y tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 .<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 li m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u1edf hi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf , tu t\u0129nh t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00e2u thi\u1ec7n , l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n .<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 51 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 263) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n : \u201cNh\u1eedng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u01b0a th\u00edch, t\u00ednh an \u1ed5n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u00e0 t\u1ecf \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0 t\u1ecf Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c h\u1eedu-l\u1eadu-Thi\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh an \u1ed5n l\u00e0 t\u1ecf Di\u1ec7t \u00d0\u1ebf .<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c th\u1ee5 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n . N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea9y sinh ra m\u1ea7m m\u00f3ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i , m\u1ea7m m\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n …\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1eedu-l\u1eadu-Thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng sau c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu Thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt .<\/p>\n

C\/ T\u00e2m c\u0103n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m . \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i . Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ra T\u00e2m C\u0103n T\u00ednh Thi\u1ec7n , thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m .<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u00f9y theo lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng .<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 51 (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 17, trang 2630 ) th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham , v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si .<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m c\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u00f4c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1eabm \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u00e2m .<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y t\u00e0m, q\u00fay l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n , theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ma , \u2018\u2019t\u00e0m\u2019\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh .<\/p>\n

Qu\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c , hay l\u00e0 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 3).<\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m . B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c quan c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ma l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n , l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c . C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00e1i . Theo A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma th\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh vi t\u00e0m v\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi Thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa th\u00ec c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau : (1) t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, (2)t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, (3)d\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi, (4)th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a .<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, \u0111\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo l\u00e2p tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u00f2n th\u1eafng- ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i cao. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m , l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n . \u00d0\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u0103n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng . Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb . N\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u00e2u th\u00eam n\u1eefa th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau . Ta h\u00e3y nghe m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 sau : Theo V\u1ee5 T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec : \u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e0m, Qu\u00fd hay ba thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n . T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf . \u00d0\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng (b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi do hai nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi . Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a thi\u1ec7n , t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n an \u1ed5n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n\u2019\u2019 .<\/p>\n

Theo Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c H\u1eedu B\u1ed9 th\u00ec : \u201c nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd (ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c) l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n , phi l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi (\u0111\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb5ng l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang , v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n (lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 51, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 263) .<\/p>\n

Nh\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1-do-\u00fd-ch\u00ed trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng . \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0i x\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n-\u00fd-lu\u1eadn, t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c-lu\u1eadn, ng\u1eabu-nhi\u00ean-lu\u1eadn . Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u1eadu thi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1eedu \u00fd (t\u00e1c \u00fd) l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c .<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m c\u0103n , l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 . T\u1ea1i sao ? V\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean . Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i suy lu\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m c\u0103n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 , c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 .<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd-ch\u00ed-lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c . Tuy nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p . Ch\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c .<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p , c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

D\/ Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 b\u1ecf ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p , ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn tu tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t .<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 si l\u00e0 3 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 T\u00e0m v\u00e0 Qu\u00fd . Lu\u1eadn n\u1ea7y cho r\u1eb1ng hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m .<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 4 th\u00ec T\u00e0m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh . C\u00f2n Qu\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i .<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau . V\u00ed d\u1ee5 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 10, \u0111\u1ebfn Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 11, A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma Ph\u00e1p Y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a A N\u00e2u L\u00e2u \u00d0\u00e0 l\u00e0 19 , ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u1ea7y .<\/p>\n

Theo Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n nh\u01b0 sau : t\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n , khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt , h\u00e0nh x\u00e3, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i .<\/p>\n

T\u00edn : l\u00e0 tin , \u0111\u1ee9c tin . \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Tam B\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v.v..<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec1m tin khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

Tinh-ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t-ph\u00f3ng-d\u1eadt : trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n . B\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 thu nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 tu thi\u1ec7n . Hai m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u1ef1c .<\/p>\n

Khinh an v\u00e0 X\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng thanh th\u00e3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng , tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, r\u1ed7ng rang kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbn m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec .<\/p>\n

Trong C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m khinh an , nh\u01b0ng A N\u00e2u L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec chia hai th\u00e0nh T\u00e2m khinh an v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n khinh an .<\/p>\n

X\u00e3 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khinh an v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lo\u1ea1n , ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

B\u00c3t h\u1ea1i : kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n . N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb long t\u1eeb bi chang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh . T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp .<\/p>\n

Khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 chung kh\u1edfi . \u00d0\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh . \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 v.v.. ghi r\u1eb1ng khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 22 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f9ng sinh kh\u1edfi . \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp-\u00d0\u1ea1i-\u00d0\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, Th\u1eadp-thi\u1ec7n-\u00d0\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p (xin xem l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc) , T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u01b0 (tham kh\u1ea3o C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 4).<\/p>\n

\u201cA T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma chia t\u00e2m l\u00fd thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00c1i v\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi, l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady ? Hai m\u00f3n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 hai thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng theo A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma th\u00ec gi\u1eefa \u00c1i v\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t . T\u1eeb Bi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c do tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1i-thi\u1ec7n-\u00d0\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u00c1i tuy c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u00efa c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i : m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ; c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, t\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc t\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019\u2019 .<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i (theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n gian) kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

K\u00ednh \u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00edn\u2019\u2019 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ea1i-thi\u1ec7n-\u00d0\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p (tham kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 4) .<\/p>\n

II\/- T\u00cdNH B\u1ea4T THI\u1ec6N<\/p>\n

A\/ B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Akusalamula (sanscrit)<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 : contrary to the right and harmful to present and future life.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p : mal, mauvais<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt : fusen<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Nho c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 : ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecbch, th\u1eadp \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi, phi lu\u1eadt nghi, b\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p , b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb5ng l\u00e0nh, \u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u00fd, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch Nho c\u00f3 c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u00fd v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u1eadt: \u201ct\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1ng chi b\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1ng chi b\u00e1 \u01b0\u01a1ng (l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh th\u00ec tr\u1eddi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o) cho tr\u0103m s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0m \u00e1c th\u00ec tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u1ecbu tr\u0103m s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ecda).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec7n, \u00c1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn .<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t . Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho r\u00f5 h\u01a1n .<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 8, ph\u1ea9m Tam Nghi\u1ec7p 100 n\u00f3i : \u201c\u2026N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 5, (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 31, trang 26) : \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1eadn \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. L\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y , \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1edf \u00e1c th\u00fa, tuy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi t\u1ed5n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng vi t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n .\u201d<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n . \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3y ra nhi\u1ec1u khi do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed5i d\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u00d0\u00f4i khi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00eat qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa quy\u1ec3n 51, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chiu c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n . T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn sinh v\u00e0o \u00e1c th\u00fa th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecda L\u01b0u-chuy\u1ec5n-ph\u1ea9m, t\u00ednh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 , g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n .. . (B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn , quy\u1ec3n 51, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh 27, trang 263).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t , \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh .<\/p>\n

B\/ T\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n tr\u00edch trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali (theo Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n tr\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

1\/- Kinh Majjhima Nik\u00e0ya<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 16 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

Abhijjh\u00e0 visama lobha (th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng, th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n,tham lam, khao kh\u00e1t, th\u00e8m kh\u00e1c)<\/p>\n

Vy\u00e0p\u00e0da (x\u1ea5u b\u1ee5ng, \u00e1c t\u00e2m, \u00e1c \u00fd, hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c)<\/p>\n

Kodha (t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef)<\/p>\n

Upan\u00e0ha (th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u00e1c c\u1ea3m, h\u1eadn th\u00f9, h\u1eb1n h\u1ecdc)<\/p>\n

Makkha (th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9, cu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1o, m\u00ea cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed5i xung gi\u1eadn \u0111i\u00ean)<\/p>\n

Pal\u00e0sa (hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c, \u00e1c t\u00e2m, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1)<\/p>\n

Iss\u00e0 (ghen tu\u00f4ng, ghen t\u1ecb, ghen h\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c)<\/p>\n

Macchariya (h\u00e1m l\u1ee3i, tham, h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n

M\u00e0y\u00e0 (d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp, l\u1ecdc l\u1eeba, l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn)<\/p>\n

S\u00e0theyya (ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea1c, b\u1ed9i b\u1ea1c, l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1)<\/p>\n

Thambha (ngoan c\u1ed1, b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o, dai d\u1eb5ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa)<\/p>\n

S\u00e0rambha ( b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u0103ng ti\u1ebft)<\/p>\n

M\u00e0na (m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n

Atim\u00e0na (ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5)<\/p>\n

Mada (say s\u01b0a, d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Pam\u00e0da (l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c)<\/p>\n

2\/- Kinh Samyutta Nik\u00e0ya<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Samyutta Nik\u00e0ya c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00f3n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n , lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m b\u1ea9n d\u01a1 , \u00f4 u\u1ebf (cittassa, upakkiles\u00e0), n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n (panca-nivaran\u00e0) nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

K\u00e0macchanda (k\u00edch th\u00edch, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh)<\/p>\n

Vy\u00e0p\u00e0da (\u00e1c c\u1ea3m, \u00e1c t\u00e2m, \u00e1c \u00fd)<\/p>\n

Th\u00ecnamiddha (u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec1ng, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i)<\/p>\n

Uddhacca-kukkuccca (n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, x\u00f4n xao, lo l\u1eafng, lo \u00e2u, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n)<\/p>\n

Vicikicch\u00e0 (nghi ng\u1edd, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c, nghi ng\u1ea1i, h\u1ed3 nghi, l\u00fang t\u00fang, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n)<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n (akusala-m\u00f9la) k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ba g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

Lobha (tham lam, th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t)<\/p>\n

Dosa (\u00e1c \u00fd, \u00e1c t\u00e2m, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn)<\/p>\n

Moha (h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, ngu si, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, ngu xu\u1ea9n)<\/p>\n

3\/- Kinh Dhammapada<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n tr\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hay nh\u1ea5t , phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh Dhammapada nhu sau :<\/p>\n

D\u00f9rangamam ekacaram<\/p>\n

Asar\u00ecram guh\u00e0sayam<\/p>\n

Ye cittam sannamessanti<\/p>\n

Mokkhanti m\u00e0rabandhan\u00e0<\/p>\n

(C\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111i rong ch\u01a1i th\u1eadt xa, lang thang c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i, n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 trong hang s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ma tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c) .<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m \u1ea5y th\u00ec b\u1ecb ma tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c , theo d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean .<\/p>\n

C\/ T\u00e2m c\u0103n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m c\u0103n ? V\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 lu\u1eadn trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i .<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n . Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tham, s\u00e2n, si l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n . L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n . T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c C\u0103n B\u1ea3n s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m b\u00ean trong n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u0103n .<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u00d0\u1ea1i-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u00d0\u1ea1i-b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ; m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 11 th\u00ec b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 11. Ngo\u00e0i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ra, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, song, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong Gi\u1edbi-th\u00e2n-t\u00fac lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-H\u1eefu, tuy c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea1i-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ec3u-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea9m-lo\u1ea1i-t\u00fac lu\u1eadn th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 th\u00eam Th\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ea1i-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa-lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y n\u0103m t\u00e2m-s\u1edf v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 minh, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p. \u00d0\u1ebfn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba \u2013ph\u00e1p-ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ebfn Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o t\u00f9y-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-ph\u00e1p-y\u1ebfu-lu\u1eadn, tuy c\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u1eadp-t\u1ee9-\u0111\u1ea1i-b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-\u0111\u1ecba-ph\u00e1p, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c \u0111i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1edd m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n , v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u201cphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d .<\/p>\n

D\/ Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m c\u0103n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

\u201cPhi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec \u201cphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t .<\/p>\n

Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb V\u00f4 Minh m\u00e0 ra . Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf , l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh . Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i . Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c .<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 19, ph\u1ea9m T\u00f9y Mi\u00ean (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o) vi\u1ebft : \u201cT\u1ea1i sao T\u00f9y Mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c? V\u00ec khi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n sinh kh\u1edfi :<\/p>\n

(1) ki\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n(do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3), (2)l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, (3) tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1n (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho \u00fd, th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u00e3o lo\u1ea1n) , (4) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb5ng l\u01b0u, (5) Ph\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eedu, (6) nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 (l\u00e0m t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u00ednh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), (7) m\u00ea s\u1edf duy\u00ean, (8) \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u, (9) vi\u1ec7t thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m, ( 10) qu\u1ea3ng ph\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a . Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh lu\u1eadn khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 : t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, tri\u1ec1n, c\u00e1i, k\u1ebft \u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed xem phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t r\u1ecf r\u00e0ng .<\/p>\n

Trong X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea9m Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o (\u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh, 28, trang 644) ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c :<\/p>\n

\u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 : c\u1eady m\u00ecnh (khoe khoang), n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t, t\u00e0 kinh, v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u00ean tr\u0103m th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111i song \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 : th\u1ea5t-ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t-h\u00e1nh-tri , v\u00f4-minh v\u00e0 h\u1eedu-\u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 lo\u1ea1i. Ba ph\u00e1p , nh\u01b0 tam t\u1eadp (trong, ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 trong ngo\u00e0i), tam b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, tam tri\u1ec1n (d\u1ee5c, hu\u1ec7, si) , tam \u00e1i (d\u1ee5c , h\u1eedu, v\u00f4 h\u1eedu), k\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi.v.v\u2026(tham kh\u1ea3o X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 18-20).<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ea5t \u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ! Nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1eed x\u00e9t xem trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n?<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn , B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn , T\u1ea1p T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn v.v\u2026th\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 10 lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e2y : b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri, phi l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd, t\u00e0 th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 2, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 26, trang 698).<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec b\u1ecf b\u1edbt \u0111i 4 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 : t\u00e0 th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, phi l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 6 . \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec 4 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong Th\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Theo Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o: tham, s\u00e2n , si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n .<\/p>\n

C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o : tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o , k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Ptrakarama) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf H\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn nay, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 10 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 : ph\u1eabn (gi\u1eadn), ph\u00fa (che d\u1ea5u), xan (b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn), t\u1eadt (ghen gh\u00e9t), n\u00e3o, h\u1ea1i, h\u1eadn, xi\u1ec3m (n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t), cu\u1ed1ng (d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1), ki\u00eau (ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o) .Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f9y-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c (quy\u1ec3n 6, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 31, trang 33) l\u00e0 20 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 . Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u-t\u00f9y-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o c\u00f3 10 m\u00f3n. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 trung-t\u00f9y c\u00f3 2 : V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00ed. \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u00f9y c\u00f3 8 m\u00f3n : tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa : c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 sau : Tam l\u1eadu: d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, h\u1eedu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu. T\u1ee9 b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u : d\u1ee5c b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, h\u1eedu b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, ki\u1ebfn b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, v\u00f4 minh b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u . T\u1ee9 th\u1ee7 : d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7 (s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi, (tham kh\u1ea3o C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 9). C\u1eedu K\u1ebft : \u00e1i k\u1ebft, hu\u1ec7 k\u1ebft, m\u1ea1n k\u1ebft, v\u00f4 minh k\u1ebft, ki\u1ebfn k\u1ebft, th\u1ee7 k\u1ebft, nghi k\u1ebft, t\u1eadt k\u1ebft, xan k\u1ebft. Ng\u1ee7 h\u1ea1 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft : h\u1eedu th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, nghi, d\u1ee5c tham, s\u00e2n hu\u1ec7 . Ng\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft: s\u1eafc tham, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc tham, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh (tham kh\u1ea3o trong Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 9, T\u1ea1p S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea9m; C\u00e2u X\u00e1 quy\u1ec3n 21, T\u00f9y Mi\u00ean Ph\u1ea9m; X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 18-20, Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o Ph\u1ea9m; T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0, Ti\u1ec3u S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea9m v.v\u2026) .<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f4m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c : t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p,ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c hay Tu ho\u1eb7c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh \u00fd .<\/p>\n

III\/- T\u00cdNH KH\u00d4NG THI\u1ec6N KH\u00d4NG \u00c1C<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd .<\/p>\n

Avy\u00e0krta ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Avy\u00e0khy\u00e0ta trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n .<\/p>\n

Unrecordable (either as good or bad); neutral, neither good nor bad; things that are innocent or cannot be classifield under moral categories .<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Muki .<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 k\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n .Theo T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 51, \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh 27, trang 363, th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd .<\/p>\n

Tuy l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o . C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n . Do \u0111\u00f3 V\u00f4 K\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai l\u00e0 H\u1eedu Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd .<\/p>\n

H\u1eedu Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd (defiled-non-defined moral species)<\/p>\n

H\u1eedu Ph\u00fa t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201cphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o s\u1edf vi\u201d. \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 lo\u1ea1i : v\u00f4 minh, h\u00f4n t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed . Ba lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp , che l\u1ea5p t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eedu Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd . \u00d0\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu .<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd (non-defiled-non-defined moral species)<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 trung gian tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1edf : x\u00fac, t\u00e1c-\u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u01b0, d\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng-gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, lu\u1eadn n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau .<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 : (1) d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, (2) uy nghi l\u1ed9, (3) c\u00f4ng x\u1ea3o x\u1ee9, (4) th\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c : c\u00e1i t\u00e2m do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Uy nghi l\u1ed9: t\u00e2m uy nghi l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i sinh kh\u1edfi khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fang theo uy nghi, t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng x\u1ea3o x\u1ee9: khi xem c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc , h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ho\u1eb7c nghe \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ng\u00e2m th\u01a1, ca h\u00e1t v.v\u2026m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd T\u00e2m .<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 : ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfi khi nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, thi\u00ean nh\u0129 v.v.. m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd T\u00e2m. (tham kh\u1ea3o C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n hai) .<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i V\u00f4 K\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ph\u00fa V\u00f4 K\u00fd l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p . Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh , kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c .<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, tu ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd bu\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 .<\/p>\n

TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M<\/p>\n

(ti\u1ebfp theo)<\/p>\n

T\/S L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m
\ntrong Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 T\u00e2m \u1ea4n (Lank\u00e2vat\u00e2ra \u2013sutra)<\/p>\n

1\/ B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m<\/p>\n

Trong kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 T\u00e2m \u1ea4n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u00fac Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p duy\u00ean gi\u00f3<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i<\/p>\n

Sanh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

Sanh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m. V\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129 v.v\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1eebng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m n\u1ea7y. C\u00e1c kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1eedu t\u00ecnh ng\u00e3 . N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec5n sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh do nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p , u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi\u2026<\/p>\n

2\/ S\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n kinh c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi \u1ea5y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt: B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t? Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7: C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 sanh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0u ch\u00fa sanh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh. C\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0u ch\u00fa tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee5. C\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0u ch\u00fa di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c, C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa. Trong kinh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u1ea7y. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi B\u1ea1ch T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng, chuy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng. Y theo v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n. Sanh di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai t\u00e2m, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m khi m\u00ea, t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t v\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cl\u01b0u ch\u00fa\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh ch\u1eb5ng hay t\u1ef1 gi\u1eef n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u00ean l\u01b0u. C\u00f3 b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c sanh. M\u1ed9t phen \u0111i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5. \u1ede c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea5t, ng\u1ee7 say th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m di\u1ec7t. Di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sanh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c. T\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea7y khi ch\u01b0a che \u0111\u1eady ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh, v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u01b0u ch\u00fa, ni\u1ec7m ch\u1eb3ng d\u1eebng, ch\u00ednh khi sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ea7m di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1edbng y n\u01a1i ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng do m\u00ea m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbng :<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1edbng, Nghi\u1ec7p T\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n T\u01b0\u1edbng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c do n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t sinh. Tuy b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m ch\u1eb5ng d\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f9 trong b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m ch\u1eb3ng d\u1eebng m\u00e0 to\u00e0n ch\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edbng, nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u01b0u ch\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 trong m\u00ea sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb chuy\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edbng, nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng, trong c\u00f5i sanh di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 suy nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u00e0nh x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai duy c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf y n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, N\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ba? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c \u1edf trong \u1ea5y m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u01a1n Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7n\u201d. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ecf r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 n\u01a1i ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hai, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u00e2n m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, hai th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n cho nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb5ng ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0103n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i? V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i. Trong ch\u1ed5 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n sinh ra c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n sinh ra ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u01a1n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n h\u1eedu ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hu\u00e2n t\u00e2p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n cho nhau.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec hu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec hu\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed tu ch\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed thi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u00e1c. C\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec hu\u00e2n. Ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c hu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 minh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng hu\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Do c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 sinh ra Th\u1ee9c. S\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p (v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng) l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n sinh ra ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c.V\u00ec ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m m\u00ea m\u1edd, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea3nh sinh ra c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec5n h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3 kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m, phi huy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec5n\u201d.<\/p>\n

(4) Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y di\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0103n th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec danh t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u201cc\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cc\u1ea3nh\u201d sinh ra \u201cth\u1ee9c\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u0103n th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t\u201d. \u201cDanh t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u201cdanh\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m\u201d , Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea1ch t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa. \u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec danh t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi nh\u01a1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t. Do ch\u1ed7 theo di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, b\u1edfi t\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp. Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v.v\u2026th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, ni\u00eam Ph\u1eadt v.v\u2026 th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebf t\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c b\u1ebf t\u1ecfa, d\u1ee9t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi vi tr\u1ea7n ch\u1eb5ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb5ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi tr\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do vi tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt do vi tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi tr\u1ea7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, ch\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb5ng di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u1eaft di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! N\u1ebfu t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00f3i l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t\u201d. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 v\u00ec si di\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t theo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(5) T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! C\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kia kh\u1edfi lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y: \u201cC\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u ch\u00fa c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t\u201d. N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u ch\u00fa di\u1ec7t th\u00ec l\u01b0u ch\u00fa t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y l\u1ebd \u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i l\u01b0u ch\u00fa l\u00e0m sanh nh\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, s\u1eafc, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 sanh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecb nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! V\u1ec1 nh\u01a1n kia, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u1eafng di\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u0129 phu, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c vi tr\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu g\u00f3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd. Khi t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea7y di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u ch\u00fa v\u1eabn ti\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5c. T\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ea c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u ch\u00fa t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.L\u01b0u ch\u00fa v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n b\u1edfi m\u00ea m\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f9ng nhau sanh tr\u1ee5. Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea7m cho l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eafng di\u1ec7u\u201d th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 nh\u01a1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m\u201d. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3, hay sanh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 n\u1ea7y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eafng di\u1ec7u\u201d n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Minh lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m, th\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea3n t\u1ebf, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, ng\u00e3, b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, hay sanh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cs\u0129 phu\u201d n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed3 Kh\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u201cT\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i\u201d th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, bi\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay sanh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi T\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1eddi\u201d sanh. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u1ecf c\u00e2y do th\u1eddi gian n\u1edf r\u1ee5ng, t\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4, ch\u1ea5p \u201cth\u1eddi gian\u201d l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadn Th\u1ebf S\u01b0 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc t\u00e2m v.v.. c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c vi c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t tinh linh hay c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ef1c vi n\u1ea7y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cvi tr\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01a1n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, th\u00e0nh t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u01a1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 trong d\u1ecb nh\u01a1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 sanh, tha sanh, c\u1ed9ng sanh, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u01a1n sanh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 sanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Tha sanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. C\u1ed9ng sanh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. V\u00f4 nh\u01a1n sanh l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

(6) Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m)<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, hu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, tr\u00ed c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, si\u00eau nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, si\u00eau t\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1ee9ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1eb5ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Do t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Hu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e3n v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp nh\u01b0. Ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y c\u00e1c c\u0103n th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u201cHu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d ch\u1ec9 cho v\u0103n, t\u01b0, tu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tam mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u201cTr\u00ed c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed. Khi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cKi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u201cSi\u00eau nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u201cSi\u00eau t\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d , B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba (\u0111\u1eb5ng gi\u00e1c) c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai c\u00e1i ngu, qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 duy t\u00e2m, qu\u00ean nh\u01a1n t\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh duy th\u1ee9c sai bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t b\u1ea3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u00ec d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3y t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ecdn ch\u1eb5ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u01a1n ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng ng\u1eb1n t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Ph\u00e0m phu ngu si \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c1c ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o do v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n. Trong \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a lu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng thu\u1ea7n ch\u01a1n ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh. T\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh\u201d.<\/p>\n

(7) C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c sa m\u00f4n v\u00e0 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n th\u1ea5y (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) l\u00eca ch\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y n\u1ed7i, v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda th\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng th\u00e1c b\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng sanh, huy\u1ec5n, s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng, trong ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y ch\u1eb3ng l\u00eca t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m. Nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00eca v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft, n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n s\u1edf qu\u00e1n, th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m).<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9c th\u00ec n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3, l\u00eca sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfi theo v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kia ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem th\u1ea5y sanh t\u1eed v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i Bi x\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 khai ph\u00e1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Kia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean, xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi trong ngo\u00e0i, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp t\u00f9y v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba kia, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tam mu\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi qu\u00e1n c\u0103n th\u00e2n kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sinh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Khi qu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh, xa l\u00eca t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh trong ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m, th\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba, thi\u1ec1n tam mu\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u201cHi\u1ec3u tam gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n tam mu\u1ed9i. Qua t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee5 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt. X\u1ea3 b\u1ecf sanh kia t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0o Kim cang d\u1ee5 tam ma \u0111\u1ec1 (ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh), t\u00f9y v\u00e0o th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb bi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trang nghi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00eca T\u00e2m, \u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u1ea7y th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e2n li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai.\u201d<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tam gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n tam mu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

\u201cSanh kia\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 minh. T\u1eeb Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ec1 sau d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kim cang d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Th\u1ebf n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n t\u00f9y nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca \u1ea5m, gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eadp, t\u00e2m nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, sanh tr\u1ee5 di\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u1ed7i h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y t\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y, nh\u01a1n t\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Suy ngh\u0129 ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f4 sanh, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u00fa, t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 khai ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t ch\u00e2u ma ni t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n t\u00f9y t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! T\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean tu h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n\u2019 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

(8) Bi\u1ec3n S\u00f3ng T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi \u1ea5y, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt: Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m, \u00fd, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, n\u0103m ph\u00e1p, ba t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1edf duy\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p do t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (Ph\u1eadt) thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i t\u00e2m. V\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ma La Da n\u1eb1m trong bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201cNh\u01b0 Lai khen ng\u1ee3i bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m, \u00fd, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, n\u0103m ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 sanh nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v.v.\u201d \u00fd n\u00f3i s\u1edf h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m. Bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m to\u00e0n v\u1ecdng, to\u00e0n ch\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ph\u00e1p (danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0), ba t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p, y tha kh\u1edfi, vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt) trong t\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c y theo m\u00ea ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac m\u00ea th\u00ec \u201cnh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u201d chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng \u2026\u201dVi\u00ean th\u00e0nh\u201d chuy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf v\u00e0 y tha. Khi ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec danh t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed\u2026\u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n v\u1ecdng l\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n, danh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

(9) Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e1m Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ea3o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7: V\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean n\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n?<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(a) T\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n

(b) L\u1ed7i h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y do t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eafc<\/p>\n

(c) Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

(d) Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c sanh\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c. (a) Nh\u01a1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng r\u1eddi t\u00e2m. V\u00ec b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c sanh. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e2m. D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i s\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n (b) n\u00f3i \u201ch\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c. Do s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn ra tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp kh\u00ed s\u1eafc v.v.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh trong m\u1ee5c (c\/). Trong m\u1ee5c (d) c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cmu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cPh\u00f9 c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea7n giong ru\u1ed5i theo s\u1eafc\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n, vi tr\u1ea7n, l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh. Theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sanh, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 g\u00edo l\u1edbn th\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u0103n, l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u0103n\u201d. Vi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201ctr\u1ea7n\u201d. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 do c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0 sinh ra th\u1ee9c. C\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh ra th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh ra bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p .<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3. S\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u00edo d\u1ee5 cho s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u201cGi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t bi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m, s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng. Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf t\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ecf bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh s\u1eafc v.v\u2026 n\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n chung kh\u1edfi. Do bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sai bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c. Gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n. S\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t bi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m, khi\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u00e0 nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf t\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf t\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 s\u00e2u trong ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ecf bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh s\u1eafc v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh s\u1eafc \u2026l\u00e0 do n\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh s\u1eafc\u2026 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Do b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u00e0ng n\u00ean v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n. Hai ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean sanh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y n\u0103m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u00e2n kia chuy\u1ec5n, kia ch\u1eb5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n nhau. T\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng kia \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec5n. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n sai bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kia chuy\u1ec5n\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u00e2n kia\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9c. T\u00e1m th\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n cho nhau m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Tuy v\u1ecdng kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u1eb5ng bi\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb5ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t li\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t n\u00ean kinh n\u00f3i : \u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng kia \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec5n\u201d. Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i sai bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. V\u00ec b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c m\u00ea n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sai bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong kinh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n sai bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kia chuy\u1ec5n\u201d.<\/p>\n

(10) T\u00e0ng Th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd m\u00e9 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n tam mu\u1ed9i, t\u1eadp kh\u00ed vi t\u1ebf chuy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. Song th\u1eadt th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u1eb5ng di\u1ec7t. B\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec5n nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd m\u00e9 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Tr\u1eeb ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tam mu\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e0nh r\u00f5.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed h\u1eedu l\u1eadu trong t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t b\u1edd m\u00e9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m. L\u00eca v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft l\u01b0u ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Khi th\u1ea5u r\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c th\u00ec gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(11) K\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i tr\u00ean n\u00ean n\u00f3i k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e2y do gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

S\u00f3ng to v\u1ed7 bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khi \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 Gi\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp l\u1edbp c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c \u00c0o \u1ea1t m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n sanh\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201cbi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3\u201d ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, \u201cgi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh\u201d ch\u1ec9 cho c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n, \u201cs\u00f3ng\u201d ch\u1ec9 cho chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c. T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n, tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean sinh ra b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c th\u1ee9 s\u1eafc xanh \u0111\u1ecf Kha, s\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e8n<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb l\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hoa qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt, nguy\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady T\u00e2m c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac , n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u1ed9i th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i L\u1edbp l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i chuy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady T\u00e2m c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c kia Bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 do \u00fd th\u1ee9c kia Suy ngh\u0129 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1m V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1m\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chung c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c khi m\u00ea ch\u01a1n m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n, c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n ch\u01a1n. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i\u201d, m\u00ea ch\u01a1n sai bi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cho\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u \u201cKh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng khi m\u00ea th\u00ec kh\u1eddi l\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5y hoa \u0111\u1ed1m gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00e2m t\u00ean gom g\u00f3p nghi\u1ec7p \u00dd t\u00ean r\u1ed9ng gom g\u00f3p<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee9c s\u1edf th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i n\u0103m\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u00e2m. V\u00ec n\u00f3 hay gom ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgom g\u00f3p nghi\u1ec7p\u201d. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y hay suy x\u00e9t t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 nh\u01a1n ph\u00e1p b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00dd. N\u00f3 hay t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u201cr\u1ed9ng gom g\u00f3p\u201d.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c. N\u0103m c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n sinh kh\u1edfi bi\u1ec3u bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean sinh ra n\u0103m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 d\u00f9ng k\u1ec7 h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

Xanh \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u00f3ng Ch\u00fang sanh ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00fai xin n\u00f3i?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Xanh \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p s\u1eafc S\u00f3ng m\u00f2i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

Gom g\u00f3p nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i T\u00e2m Khai ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e0m phu<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p kia th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ef1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp ly<\/p>\n

S\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp C\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i kia \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp th\u00e2n L\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i kia hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, s\u1edf, t\u00e2m, c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i \u201cgom g\u00f3p nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i T\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o. \u201cNghi\u1ec7p kia th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c m\u00ea t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng . \u201cS\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp, c\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i kia \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 hai nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i k\u1ec7 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i N\u1ed7i d\u1eady kh\u00e1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

T\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf C\u1edb sao ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y \u00fd n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ecf r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ed s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i Y th\u00ed kia so hi\u1ec3u\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu k\u00e9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tang v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u01a1n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfu Ch\u00fang sanh h\u1ea1 trung th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai chi\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gian V\u00ec ngu n\u00f3i ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p C\u1edb sao ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i th\u1eadt?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u00e2n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p\u201d , Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kai ng\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh nh\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt tri ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean chia ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eeba, n\u0103m th\u1eeba, ba th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba .<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2m kia kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n s\u00f3ng m\u00f2i B\u00f3ng trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 Th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec5n sanh<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y th\u1ee9c, s\u1edf th\u1ee9c \u00dd \u1ea5y \u00fd v\u1ecb nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9c do hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd V\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd<\/p>\n

V\u00e3i, m\u00e0u v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh Ta n\u00f3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

M\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9t Ch\u1eb3ng vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee5a<\/p>\n

V\u00ec vui ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean H\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u01a1n t\u00e1nh v\u00ec t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1eb5ng ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam n\u0103m m\u00e0u ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i phi t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n, g\u01b0\u01a1ng; d\u00f9ng phi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n, b\u00f3ng trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m chuy\u1ec5n sanh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec5n th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y t\u00e1c \u00fd, n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh. Ho\u1eb7c cho l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c cho l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 d\u0129 t\u00e2m \u1ea5n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eed m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 m\u00ea c\u00f3 ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu n\u00ean trong t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cm\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9t, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00fat ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, v\u00ec vui ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00f3i n\u0103ng ri\u00eang l\u1eadp b\u00e0y Ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt l\u00eca danh t\u1ef1<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u Tu h\u00e0nh b\u00e0y ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

Ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt ch\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1edf gi\u00e1c l\u00eca<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed n\u00f3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01a1n gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1edf gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngu r\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang l\u1eadp b\u00e0y N\u00f3i ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i kia l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i C\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kia<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c t\u00f9y d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i Phi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

Thanh V\u0103n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai m\u1eabn n\u00f3i ra<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y, n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc cao th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 m\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c t\u00f9y b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 cho thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

(12) Ba t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh Tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, tr\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i \u1edf tr\u00ean ba t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang tu h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang tu h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ed3i hay x\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u1eeba qu\u00e8, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng t\u1eed, \u1edf tr\u00ean ba t\u01b0\u1edbng kia do tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 sanh.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eedu \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, kia do tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 sanh. \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tu sanh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n tam mu\u1ed9i, ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ebfn th\u00fa tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 sanh. \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ba t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed n\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Hu\u1ec7! Ba t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang tu h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed l\u1eeba qu\u00e8 khi ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, n\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ed l\u1eeba qu\u00e8 v\u00e0o b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eedu\u201d l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n\u201d , Kinh An L\u1ea1c n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u01b0a qua kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn qua kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a an \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn an \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ho\u1eb1ng th\u1ec7, y n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o bi\u1ec7t, vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u duy\u00ean hai th\u1ee9 t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf h\u1eedu t\u00e1c v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh\u201d l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i sai bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed tr\u00e3i qua 110 th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Di L\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c V\u0103n Th\u00f9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nghe h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00e0o m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c oai th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t V\u0103n Th\u00f9. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d.<\/p>\n

(c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 L\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1ng Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? I\/ Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m 1\/ T\u00e2m 2\/ A L\u1ea1i Gia \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":41,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2967,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2966\/revisions\/2967"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}