{"id":2858,"date":"2012-10-15T12:54:04","date_gmt":"2012-10-15T12:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2858"},"modified":"2014-06-20T09:31:40","modified_gmt":"2014-06-20T09:31:40","slug":"cau-chuyen-nang-sujata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2858","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 & ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Niranjana<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.giacngo.vn\/nguyetsan\/tulieu\/2012\/09\/16\/1EC613\/<\/a><\/p>\n

NSGN<\/strong>\u00a0– Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng Falgu (Niranjana) hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Bodh Gaya v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng Hai d\u1ecbu n\u1eafng. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u01a1i b\u1ecb rung l\u1eafc, b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng Falgu, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i Suj\u0101t\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, t\u1eeb l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc cho tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n sang tr\u1ecdng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Bodh Gaya. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m. Ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadp l\u00faa v\u00e0ng \u01b0\u01a1m v\u1eeba m\u1edbi thu ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng. Phong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Xe \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch. Th\u00e1p kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Google Maps. \u0110\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1eafn t\u1eaft tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh g\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho nh\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh Siddh\u0101rtha tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 tu v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ea4n.<\/p>\n

\"Mot<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c th\u00e1p n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ea1y.\u00a0<\/em>\u1ea2nh:\u00a0Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Men theo b\u1edd g\u1ea1ch c\u0169, t\u00f4i r\u00f3n r\u00e9n leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1p. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00edt g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n v\u1ee1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft ra xa, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra khung c\u1ea3nh xung quanh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o x\u01a1 x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng b\u00e2ng khu\u00e2ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i tr\u00ean l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u1eb1m ch\u1ecfng ch\u01a1 xung quanh th\u00e1p, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u0169, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n, m\u00f3ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hay th\u00e1p t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u1eeda. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng sai nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng? Ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch khai qu\u1eadt \u1edf Piprahwa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Kapilavasttu, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Nepal cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c(1)<\/sup>, trong t\u00f4i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"Tho<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf th\u00e1nh t\u00edch g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Kapilavasttu.\u00a0<\/em>\u1ea2nh:\u00a0Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa trong h\u1ec7 Nik\u0101ya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Suj\u0101t\u0101<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean, Suj\u0101t\u0101 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n sinh(2)<\/sup>. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Suj\u0101t\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Theo\u00a0T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng P\u0101li<\/em>(3)<\/sup>, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u00ean Suj\u0101t\u0101. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Sobhita (theo J. i 10; Bu vii, 22). Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Piyadassi (theo J.i.39; Bu.xiv.21). Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Padumutara (theo, J.i.37; Bu.xi.19; MA.ii.722; DhA.i.417). Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kondanna (theo, Bu.iii.25; J.i.30). Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, l\u00e0 n\u1eef A-tu-la, v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 (Sakka) (theo, DhA.i.269, 271, 274ff.; DA.iii.716f.; J.i.201f.; also J.iii.491f). Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a gia ch\u1ee7 Senani, v\u1ecb th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea7n Uruvela, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u g\u00e1i Punna, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o (theo, J.i.68f.; DhA.i.71,). Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef Natika (theo, D.ii.92; S.v.356f.). Th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Visakha, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dhana\u00f1jayasetthi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea3 cho con trai gia ch\u1ee7 Anathapindika, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft trong J\u0101taka 269. Th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u1edf Benares (theo, J.ii.125). V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni (theo, Thig.145-50; ThigA.136f).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u00ean Suj\u0101t\u0101, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t qua kinh t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

2- C\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong n\u0103m b\u1ed9 Nik\u0101ya nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede kinh\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/em>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh:\u00a0kinh A ma tr\u00fa,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 3;\u00a0kinh C\u1ee9u la \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 5;kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed5n,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 14;\u00a0\u00a0kinh \u0110\u1ea1i duy\u00ean,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 15;\u00a0kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 16;\u00a0kinh \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 17;\u00a0kinh Kh\u1edfi th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n b\u1ed5n,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 27.<\/p>\n

\u1ede kinh\u00a0Trung b\u1ed9<\/em>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh: kinh\u00a0S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m,\u00a0<\/em>s\u1ed1 4;\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i kinh s\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 12;kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 26;\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i kinh Saccaka<\/em>, s\u1ed1 36;\u00a0kinh Makhadeva<\/em>, s\u1ed1 83;\u00a0kinh Hy h\u1eefu v\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p,<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 123.<\/p>\n

\u1ede kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng chi<\/em>, kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9<\/em>\u00a0(t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 1 \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 10), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng chi<\/em>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea9m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng,kinh N\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/em>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u201cTrong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ta, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Suj\u0101t\u0101 Sen\u0101nd\u012bhit\u0101\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e2ng c\u00fang b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ea3n kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng chi<\/em>\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ean Suj\u0101t\u0101 Sen\u0101nd\u012bhit\u0101 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u Punna d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau d\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu n\u00e0ng\u00a0<\/em>Suj\u0101t\u0101 Sen\u0101nd\u012bhit\u0101\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 quy y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00fang b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho nh\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh Siddh\u0101rtha Gotama ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, khi \u0111\u00e3 quy y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Ni gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a I.B. Horner, nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i P\u0101li Text Society(4)<\/sup>, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean Suj\u0101t\u0101 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 l\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng chi<\/em>\u00a0v\u1eeba d\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

3- Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nidanakatha thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Nik\u0101ya<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103nDuy\u00ean kh\u1edfi lu\u1eadn<\/em>\u00a0(Nidanakatha)(5)<\/sup>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Buddhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V(6)<\/sup>. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 Hajime Nakamura bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gotama<\/em>(7)<\/sup>. Nidanakatha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Theo v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i Uruvela, \u1edf th\u00f4n Senani, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef t\u00ean l\u00e0 Suj\u0101t\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y Nigrodha r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng, con s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.\u00a0(If I am married into a family of equal rank, and have a son for my first-born child, then I will spend every year a hundred thousand on an offering to thee)<\/em>(8)<\/sup>.L\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ebf s\u1eefa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n con b\u00f2, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f3n ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, c\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u Punna \u0111em m\u00f3n ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa xong, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eafm \u1edf d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Niranjana v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u00f3 c\u1ecf t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng Sotthiya c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n: \u201cCho d\u00f9 da th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, m\u00e1u trong th\u00e2n n\u00e0y d\u1eabu c\u00f3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o, Ta quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y\u201d. (My skin, indeed, and nerves, and bones, may become arid, and the very blood in my body may dry up; but till I attain to complete insight, this seat I will not leave!)<\/em>(9)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u00f2a nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ng. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo xu th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa trong h\u1ec7 B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n theo b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m b\u1ed9 Nik\u0101ya \u1edf h\u1ec7 A h\u00e0m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa. T\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng\u00a0Tu X\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0<\/em>\u00a0trong\u00a0Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/em>(10),<\/sup>\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quy y Nh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn n\u1eef\u00a0Tu X\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0<\/em>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, do v\u00ec\u00a0Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n(11)<\/sup>,n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh thu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n duy\u00ean<\/em>\u00a0theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1ng (\u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u00e2n tu \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh).<\/p>\n

2- Th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ee5y \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ee5y \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi kinh<\/em>,\u00a0<\/sup>c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u00f4 (229-280), do c\u01b0 s\u0129 Chi Khi\u00eam d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n

3- Tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p, khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u0103n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 v\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa trong kinh\u00a0Tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi<\/em>.Tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi kinh<\/em>\u00a0g\u1ed3m hai quy\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00fac \u00d0\u1ea1i L\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 Khang M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n (25 -220). Kinh v\u0103n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4 g\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00ean, ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang s\u1eefa cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quy y Tam t\u00f4n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra tinh ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ebf s\u1eefa t\u1eeb n\u0103m tr\u0103m con b\u00f2.<\/p>\n

4- Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo h\u1ec7 B\u1ed5n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u,<\/em>\u00a0b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n (265-316)(14)\u00a0<\/sup>v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u1ea9m\u00a0S\u00e1u n\u0103m chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/em>, th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m. Theo kinh, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng\u00a0Tu X\u00e1 M\u1ea1n Gia<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 n\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn n\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang s\u01a1n th\u1ea7n, th\u1ecd th\u1ea7n(15)<\/sup>.\u00a0<\/sup>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u con b\u00f2 s\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n con b\u00f2 s\u1eefa(16)<\/sup>.\u00a0<\/sup>V\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo kinh v\u0103n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ngo\u00e0i t\u00edn n\u1eef ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb t\u1ef3 h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn, ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap t\u00edn n\u1eef th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, cho th\u1ea5y kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd b\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kinh T\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh c\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5- Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a0g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i quy\u1ec3n. Kinh do \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 X\u00e0 Na Qu\u1eadt \u0110a (Jn\u0101nagupta) d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1n \u00d0\u00e0 La (Gandhara), B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 Tr\u00e0ng An (Trung Hoa) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 559-560, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi T\u00f9y.<\/p>\n

Theo kinh, nh\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n T\u01b0 Na Da Na c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nan-\u0111\u00e0, ti\u1ebfng T\u00f9y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ba-la, ti\u1ebfng T\u00f9y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ef1c. Hai c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9c th\u00e2n. Chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai n\u00e0ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1nh duy\u00ean c\u00f9ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Sau khi nghe B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o, hai n\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n d\u00ea \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

6-<\/strong>\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i trang nghi\u00eam kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kinh do \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (618 \u2013 907), c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng du h\u00fd kinh<\/em>, g\u1ed3m 12 quy\u1ec3n.<\/em>\u00a0Kinh v\u0103n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00fa ph\u00e1p, d\u1eb7n d\u00f2. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 M. Winternitz v\u00e0 J.K. Nariman nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef d\u00e2ng s\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3y, ph\u1ea9m 18,\u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Ni li\u00ean<\/em>. T\u00ean n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef d\u00e2ng s\u1eefa l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u01afu \u0110a La. Do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o n\u00ean bi\u1ebft B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ebf m\u00f3n ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n pha l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ec1u t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

7- Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n (Buddhacarita)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c kinh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n duy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9mPh\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Minh (Asvaghosa), m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca c\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef, H\u00e1n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n trong \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1ng th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa v\u00e0o th\u1eddi B\u1eafc L\u01b0\u01a1ng (397 – 439). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 c\u00fang b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa. Do v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thi ca, cho n\u00ean trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 ghi r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eef ch\u0103n b\u00f2, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nan-\u0111\u00e0; sau khi nghe ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111ang tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u00fang ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa. Sau khi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

8- V\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef d\u00e2ng s\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kinh\u00a0Tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n (25-220). Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ti\u1ebft quy y tam t\u00f4n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp n\u01a1i n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>. V\u00ec l\u1ebd, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eeba n\u00eau, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh T\u1eadp\u00a0(Sutta Nipata)<\/em>, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m\u00a0Tu X\u00e1 M\u1ea1n Gia\u00a0<\/em>t\u1eeb kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u00a0Uruvela<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Nidanakatha c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1 l\u1ec5 s\u01a1n th\u1ea7n v\u00ec s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Th\u1ee9 ba, s\u1eefa c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u con b\u00f2. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ngo\u00e0i t\u00edn n\u1eef ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb t\u1ef3 h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, do s\u1ef1 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n n\u00ean n\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111ang kh\u1ed5 tu. Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch kinh Ph\u1ed5 Di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm, t\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Nidanakatha<\/em>. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec gi\u1eefaNidanakatha<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nhau. Do v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong tay Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n v\u0103n\u00a0Nidanakatha<\/em>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng s\u1eefa \u1edf hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba n\u00eau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3n v\u0103n\u00a0Nidanakatha<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ed5, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, ch\u00ed \u00edt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra.<\/p>\n

Nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. V\u00ec l\u1ebd, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Gandhara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i 40 \u0111i\u1ec3m khai qu\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Pakistan v\u00e0 Afghanistan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng(19)<\/sup>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau mang k\u00fd s\u1ed1 Acc. No: PM_01425 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II – III sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch(20)<\/sup>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00fang ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>, ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n khi sang T\u00e2y tr\u00fac c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m K\u1ef7 H\u1ee3i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ho\u1eb1ng Th\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 hai (t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 399), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed:\u00a0L\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc hai d\u1eb7m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u1eef nh\u00e2n Di Da hi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa cho Ph\u1eadt<\/em>(21)<\/sup>\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00ean n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101, phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh\u00a0Di Da<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng\u00a0Nan<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u00e0<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n<\/em>. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a hai n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng(23)<\/sup>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa\u00a0Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, hai c\u00f4 m\u1ee5c n\u1eef c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1edbi mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0m ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf kinh\u00a0Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Kinh\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i trang nghi\u00eam\u00a0<\/em>c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>, do v\u00ec ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Chi ti\u1ebft quy y c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef\u00a0Tu X\u00e0 \u0110a<\/em>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt<\/em>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c quy y Tam t\u00f4n \u1edf\u00a0Tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi kinh<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Suj\u0101t\u0101 Sen\u0101nd\u012bhit\u0101<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong kinhT\u0103ng chi<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ea1ng; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa kinh\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0Nidanakatha<\/em>, c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. L\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 suy ki\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u00f3n ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb t\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 xung quanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a H.W Schuman trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0The Historical Buddha<\/em>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed); l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Maha Thera Narada trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9mThe Buddha and His Teachings<\/em>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh, b\u1ed7ng lung linh t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft hay \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u00e1p, m\u1ed9 n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng Falgu (Niranjana) hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Cunningham, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Cunningham v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1861-1862, trong b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c Buddha Gaya, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u201cTrong s\u1ed1 33 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00f3 10 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i xa n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 23 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 granite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e0o xung quanh c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 granite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng 50 m\u00e9t; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00e0o xung quanh ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa t\u1eeb hai c\u00f4 m\u1ee5c n\u1eef. Theo ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda T\u00e2y nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1p\u201d<\/em>(24)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0Ph\u00eda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00f2a Kim cang v\u00e0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a hai n\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c n\u1eef d\u00e2ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa.\u00a0<\/em>C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Cunningham v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 sinh s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y nam so v\u1edbi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft, Cunningham \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u\u00a0g<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu v\u1ef1c Bodh Gaya \u1edf T\u00e2y ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Falgu(26)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Niranjana, c\u00f9ng ph\u00eda v\u1edbi th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c (Mahabodhi Temple), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ai?<\/p>\n

\"Ban<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu v\u1ef1c\u00a0<\/em>Bodh\u00a0Gaya do Cunningham ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o.<\/em>Theo, Cunningham,\u00a0Archaeological Survey of India,<\/em>Volume XI.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Cunningham:\u00a0\u201cV\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Buddha Gaya, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Phalgu hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n, th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Bakror, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc. G\u00f2 t\u00e0n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Katani\u00a0<\/em>(27)<\/sup>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u00e2n g\u00f2 r\u1ed9ng 150 feet v\u00e0 cao 50 feet. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y 15 x 10 x 3. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd. Kho\u1ea3ng 70 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecf mang h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong cu\u1ed1n<\/em>The Hindu Pantheon\u00a0c\u1ee7a Edward Moor, b\u1ea3n mang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u LXX, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh 6, 7 v\u00e0 8, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c Buddha Gaya. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Mahant<\/em>(28)<\/sup>,\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00e0ng Bakror ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch Buddha Gaya n\u1eeda d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n Buddha Gaya\u201d<\/em>(29)<\/sup>. Th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Cunningham \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Google Maps, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t to v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i hai n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kim th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Kusinagar (Ramabhar Stupa). Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m\u00a0n\u01a1i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i<\/em>(30)<\/sup>,\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0hay th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2y v\u1ef1c k\u00fd<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng nam n\u00fai Gaya c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp Ba. Ph\u00eda Nam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a D\u00e0 Da Ca Di\u1ebfp Ba, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp Ba.\u00a0<\/em>V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam:\u00a0Chung quanh b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0<\/em>l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. Theo ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n:\u00a0Ch\u1ed7 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f3 3 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n g\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e1p n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 xa so v\u1edbi th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n bang Bihar \u0111ang quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m di t\u00edch \u1edf b\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng Falgu (Niranjana) nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p Suj\u0101t\u0101, Dhammaranya v\u00e0 Suj\u0101t\u0101 Kuti v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1(34)<\/sup>. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa d\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n xanh \u1edf th\u00e1p Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y:\u00a0Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/em>\u00a0(This brick stupa was constructed to commemorate the residence of Suj\u0101t\u0101, the maiden who offered milk rice to Lord Buddha).<\/p>\n

\"chu<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Cunningham v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Niranjana, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin do ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chung tay v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u1eeb m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

—————————————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

http:\/\/tr-tr.facebook.com\/notes\/cuoc-doi-duc-phat-thich-ca-loi-day-cua-phat\/duong-xua-may-trang-chuong-19-trai-quit-cua-chanh-niem\/106387672741416<\/a><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng X\u01b0a M\u00e2y Tr\u1eafng – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 19: TR\u00c1I QU\u00cdT C\u1ee6A CH\u00c1NH NI\u1ec6M<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n
24 May\u0131s 2010 Pazartesi, 14:05 \u00b7 tarihinde\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca – L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt<\/a>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan eklendi<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng X\u01b0a M\u00e2y Tr\u1eafng<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 19<\/p>\n

TR\u00c1I QU\u00cdT C\u1ee6A CH\u00c1NH NI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/big><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0a h\u00f4m \u1ea5y khi mang c\u01a1m v\u00e0o r\u1eebng cho sa-m\u00f4n Siddhatta, Sujata th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Pippala, \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng mai. N\u00e9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng t\u1ecfa chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n Sujata tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n ng\u1ed3i t\u0129nh t\u1ecda trang nghi\u00eam h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Pippala, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 b\u00e9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1.
\nNh\u00ecn Siddhatta, Sujata t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n lo c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00f2ng c\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n. C\u00f4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ham mu\u1ed1n hay m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa c\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 trong nh\u00e2n gian kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n lo l\u1eafng n\u1eefa. Sujata ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ea5y b\u01b0\u1edbc, C\u00f4 b\u00e9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t an \u1ed5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. Siddhatta m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn Sujata. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:
\n– Con ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ea7y c\u00e1m \u01a1n con \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea7y trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y vui nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00eam qua th\u1ea7y v\u1eeba t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn. Con h\u00e3y vui m\u1eebng \u0111i. Mai m\u1ed1t th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nSujata nh\u00ecn l\u00ean, ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean:
\n– Mai m\u1ed1t th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ra \u0111i? Th\u1ea7y b\u1ecf ch\u00fang con sao?
\n– Mai m\u1ed1t th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ra \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1c con. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00e1c con, th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c con con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.
\nSujata ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean t\u00e2m. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecfi th\u00eam, th\u00ec Siddhatta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp:
\n– Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u00edt ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng n\u1eefa. Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c con. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd xa c\u00e1c con m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd gh\u00e9 th\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con.
\nNghe n\u00f3i sa m\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Sujata m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m y\u00ean d\u1ea1. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1edf g\u00f3i l\u00e1 chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u01a1m l\u00ean.
\nSiddhatta th\u1ecd trai, trong khi Sujata ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, nh\u00ecn v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n \u0111ang thong th\u1ea3 b\u1ebb t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng c\u01a1m nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0o mu\u1ed1i m\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n. C\u00f4 th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng h\u00e2n hoan kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 k\u1ec3.
\nTh\u1ecd trai xong, Siddhatta b\u1ea3o Sujata \u0111i v\u1ec1, v\u00e0 h\u1eb9n x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb trong x\u00f3m.
\nChi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. Ba \u0111\u1ee9a em c\u1ee7a Svastika c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c c\u1eadu con trai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec1u cho\u00e0ng sari m\u00e0u, Sujata m\u1eb7c sari l\u1ee5a m\u00e0u ng\u00e0. Nandabala m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecdt chu\u1ed1i. Bhima m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng. B\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb ng\u1ed3i quanh Siddhatta d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Pippala, r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa.
\nSujata \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ea7y Siddhatta v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea1y d\u1eeba v\u00e0 b\u1ebb ra t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho d\u1eeba ngon th\u00eam. Nandabala v\u00e0 Subas c\u0169ng \u0111em theo m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. Ch\u00fang chia nhau b\u00f3c qu\u00edt \u0103n. Sa-m\u00f4n Siddhatta ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb, r\u1ea5t vui. B\u00e9 Rupak m\u1eddi \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng d\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e1 Pippala . Nandabala d\u00e2ng \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0103n chung v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb.
\nB\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c ng\u1eafn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, Sujata \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng:
\n– Th\u01b0a c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em. Th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y vui c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o L\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra. Sujata c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Sujata. V\u1eady th\u01b0a c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem n\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y vui l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. B\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7y, \u0110\u1ea1o L\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, ch\u1eafc th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang con xin th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang con nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.
\nN\u00f3i xong, Sujata ch\u1eafp hai tay l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 sa-m\u00f4n Gotama, d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tha thi\u1ebft. Nandabala v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eafp tay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Siddhatta v\u1edbi v\u1ebb ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh.
\nSiddhatta im l\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00e1t sau \u00f4ng ra hi\u1ec7u cho b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb b\u1ecf tay xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i:
\n– C\u00e1c con l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c con c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ta d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ea1o L\u1edbn m\u00e0 ta t\u00ecm ra r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ta t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Khi c\u00e1c con b\u00f3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt ra \u0103n, c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n qu\u00edt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0103n qu\u00edt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong khi \u0103n qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. Khi b\u00f3c qu\u00edt m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u00f3c qu\u00edt, khi g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u00fai qu\u00edt b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u00fai qu\u00edt b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00fai qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng thom v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00fai qu\u00edt. Tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb Nandabala v\u1eeba t\u1eb7ng th\u1ea7y h\u1ed3i n\u00e3y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00edn m\u00fai. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n t\u1eebng m\u00fai trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, r\u1ea5t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian \u0103n tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n qu\u00edt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0103n qu\u00edt trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c con, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0103n qu\u00edt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong khi \u0103n qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. Khi b\u00f3c qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u00f3c qu\u00edt, khi g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u00fai qu\u00edt b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u00fai qu\u00edt b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00fai qu\u00edt, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00fai qu\u00edt. \u0102n qu\u00edt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. \u0102n qu\u00edt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0103n qu\u00edt, th\u00ec tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n qu\u00edt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c con, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0103n qu\u00edt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/strong>
\nN\u00e0y c\u00e1c con, \u0103n qu\u00edt trong t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong khi \u0103n qu\u00edt ta x\u00fac ti\u1ebfp th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt, \u00f3c ta kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1eabn v\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y mai, v\u00ec t\u00e2m ta an tr\u00fa trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m an tr\u00fa trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e9p t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c khi c\u1ea7m tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt trong tay v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Nh\u00ecn tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt trong t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y qu\u00edt, c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y qu\u00edt n\u1edf hoa trong m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n, c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh n\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a \u0111ang nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. Nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp tay nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e9p t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau\u201d.
\nN\u00e0y c\u00e1c con, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt. N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u00edn m\u00fai ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00fai hay m\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u00fai, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd. M\u1ed7i gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00fai qu\u00edt. S\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0103n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i qu\u00edt: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ta t\u00ecm ra l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n an tr\u00fa trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. S\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ecfi v\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.
\nN\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, sa m\u00f4n Gotama g\u1ecdi:
\n– N\u00e0y Sujata.
\n– D\u1ea1, Sujata ch\u1eafp tay nh\u00ecn l\u00ean ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.
\n– Con ngh\u0129 sao, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i hay \u00edt l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i?
\n– B\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7y, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00edt ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i. M\u1eb9 con th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: l\u00e0m con g\u00e1i con ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee9 khi \u0111i, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, khi n\u00f3i, khi c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Con th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu con \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, n\u1ebfu con c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee9 trong khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i, c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y con tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng.
\n– \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Sujata. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec, n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.
\nN\u00e0y c\u00e1c con, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng tinh c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau. Khi m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. N\u00e0y Svastika, con ngh\u0129 sao? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u?
\n– B\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xin th\u1ea7y nh\u00ecn em Bhima c\u1ee7a con. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00e9 Bhima kh\u00f3c ho\u00e0i, kh\u00f3c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam, l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ecb n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e9 Bala n\u1ed5i c\u00e1u l\u00ean, ph\u00e1t cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o m\u00f4ng. Bhima b\u1ecb ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3c to h\u01a1n. Con \u0111\u1ebfn \u1eb3m Bhima v\u00e0 con bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Bhima \u0111ang s\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f3c v\u00ec \u0111ang b\u1ecb nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u. Con g\u1ecdi Bala m\u00e0 n\u00f3i:
\n“N\u00e0y Bala, h\u00e3y t\u1edbi s\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u em m\u00e0 xem\u201d. Bala t\u1edbi s\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u em, hi\u1ec3u ngay. M\u1eb7t n\u00f3 d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u00f4m em v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng, r\u1ed3i ru em v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau. Em Bhima n\u00edn kh\u00f3c, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1t. B\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Bala \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u, cho n\u00ean con ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\n– Con n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang l\u1eafm, Svastika? C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. “N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c con, t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng cho t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u: hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra\u201d.
\nSvastika ch\u1eafp tay:
\n– B\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7y, ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?
\nSiddhatta c\u01b0\u1eddi:
\n– \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9, c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Ta c\u0169ng \u01b0a c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con l\u1eafm.
\nSujata ch\u1eafp tay xin ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i:
\n– C\u00f2n th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?
\nSiddhatta g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u:
\n– C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm. C\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.
\nM\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Sujata s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 n\u00f3i:
\n– T\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i theo ti\u1ebfng Magadhi l\u00e0 budh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i theo ti\u1ebfng Magadhi l\u00e0 Buddha. V\u1eady t\u1eeb nay ch\u00fang con g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 B\u1ee5t.
\nSiddhatta g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7.
\nNalaka, m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ecdn. C\u1eadu l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng:
\n– L\u1ea1y B\u1ee5t, ch\u00fang con r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ee5t d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang con v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Con nghe em Sujata n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng nay B\u1ee5t ng\u1ed3i tu d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Pippala n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00eam qua B\u1ee5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Pippala n\u00e0y. Th\u01b0a B\u1ee5t, c\u00e2y Pippala n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t trong r\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang con mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2y t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1eef b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (bodhi) c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ch\u1eef b\u1ee5t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c.
\nSa-m\u00f4n Siddhatta Gotama g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf trong r\u1eebng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1edbi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecd n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean.
\nNandabal ch\u1eafp tay:
\n– Ch\u00fang con xin b\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t B\u1ee5t h\u00f4m nay. Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i, \u00edt h\u00f4m n\u1eefa ch\u00fang con s\u1ebd xin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ee5t d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7.
\nB\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ch\u1eafp tay b\u00fap sen \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1m \u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 B\u1ee5t.
\nCh\u00fang r\u00edu r\u00edt vui m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n chim.
\nB\u1ee5t c\u0169ng vui, B\u1ee5t \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111em gieo r\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ni\u1ec1m an l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn lao do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111em t\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Suj\u0101t\u0101 & ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p g\u1ea1ch b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Niranjana http:\/\/www.giacngo.vn\/nguyetsan\/tulieu\/2012\/09\/16\/1EC613\/ NSGN\u00a0– Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4146,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2858","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2858"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4159,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2858\/revisions\/4159"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}