{"id":2646,"date":"2012-08-06T14:26:13","date_gmt":"2012-08-06T14:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2646"},"modified":"2013-03-14T15:23:02","modified_gmt":"2013-03-14T15:23:02","slug":"38-phap-voies-hanh-phuc-bonheur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2646","title":{"rendered":"38 Ph\u00e1p (voies) H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac (Bonheur)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC I \u2013 Bonheur 1\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c (Asevan\u0101 ca b\u0101l\u0101na ) :\u00a0Ne pas suivre les \u00eatres anim\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9tat de cruaut\u00e9 et de m\u00e9chancet\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Il existe deux sortes d\u2019\u00eatres dans ce monde :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1er B\u0101l\u0101: L\u00e0 \u00e1c \u2013 \u00eatres anim\u00e9s cruels<\/li>\n<li>2e Pa ita: L\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c &#8211; \u00eatres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7ng l\u00e1nh xa, v\u00ec khi ta th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong b\u1ed1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ta \u1edf th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c dong m\u1ea1o! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, hay ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt; m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao sang, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u trong c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p, giai t\u1ea7ng, gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, tr\u00ed ngu g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c. Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c l\u00e0:<br \/>\n1. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi &#8211; h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c.<br \/>\n2. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 hay c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y chung quy \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u00e1nh xa, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh xa c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1nh xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c k\u1ebb \u00e1c theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch x\u01b0a ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca trong b\u1ed9 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u00e0nh Ba-la-n\u1ea1i (B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b) t\u00ean l\u00e0 Akitta. Sau khi cha m\u1eb9 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; khi m\u00e0 ba t\u1ea5c h\u01a1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, cho ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec ngh\u0129 v\u1eady n\u00ean \u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n &#8211; kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 &#8211; r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1edf trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u tuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 Akitta h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh tri t\u00fac, ch\u1ec9 \u0103n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3ng r\u1ef1c l\u00ean. Khi \u1ea5y Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh tri t\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 xin h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, c\u00f3 s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i xin vui l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u00fd!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 Akitta \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7! L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i &#8211; Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i &#8211; \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tri t\u00fac v\u00e0 d\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n; ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd l\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3! N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi th\u00ec h\u00e3y ban b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t g\u00ec c\u1ea3! C\u1ee9 th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u chi, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c men, y ph\u1ee5c&#8230; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n &#8211; t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 sai b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng! T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 Akitta ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cXin cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng g\u1eb7p k\u1ebb \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u00e1c nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i cho k\u1ef9:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady, l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p k\u1ebb \u00e1c! \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, d\u1eabu tin t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c c\u0169ng xin kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129! Xin ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00f4i \u0111i, th\u01b0a Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7! \u0110\u1eebng b\u1eaft t\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c! Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>* K\u1ebb \u00e1c h\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n<p>* K\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>* K\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m, cho qu\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i!<\/p>\n<p>* K\u1ebb \u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, l\u1eddi hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u1eddn gi\u1eadn, chu\u1ed1c o\u00e1n, g\u00e2y th\u00f9 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>* K\u1ebb \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0nh theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0a Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u1edf g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang, nghe tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ec1u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1nh xa! V\u1eady, v\u1edbi oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7, xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ngang \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, d\u1eabu v\u1edbi oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n cao v\u1ee3i, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh!<\/p>\n<p>+ D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>1- Anaya nayati dummedho [i]: K\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00edch r\u1ee7 r\u00ea, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1c h\u1eb1ng r\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u qu\u1ea5y, sai l\u1ea7m.<br \/>\nKhi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m xem coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y r\u1ee7 r\u00ea, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec; m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c?<\/p>\n<p>Ta ch\u1edb n\u00ean qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, du \u0111\u00e3ng; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u1eafm khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e0u sang, vinh d\u1ef1; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh xem h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ho\u1eb7c ta xem h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i ch\u00ed t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tin c\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebbo sai l\u1ea7m &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00edch vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng &#8211; v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 mang l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u00e0 vua tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 &#8211; b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a r\u1ee7 r\u00ea x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c m\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ebft cha\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>2- Adhir\u0101ya niyu\u00f1jati: K\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<br \/>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng hay can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean m\u00ecnh hay v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n can thi\u1ec7p nguy h\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c chen v\u00e0o, g\u1ee3i \u00fd vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, b\u00e0y m\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, suy ngh\u0129 cho k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i tin cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta, gi\u00fap ta.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb suy g\u1eabm:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2 bay th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1nh, b\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0103n r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, t\u1ea5n t\u1edbi &#8211; nh\u1edd t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 th\u1eadt d\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau, l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy gi\u1ea3m, k\u00e9m \u0111i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. \u00d4ng ta l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u0169, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng, m\u1eafc n\u1ee3. \u00d4ng h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n gia th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai s\u00f3t. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra duy\u00ean c\u1edb, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y m\u1edbi v\u1ee1 l\u1ebd ra r\u1eb1ng: B\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 d\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111i c\u1eafn tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u1ed1m \u0111\u00f3i, g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o xe n\u1eefa! L\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 do v\u1eady!<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft v\u1eady, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111em b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 nh\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i &#8211; t\u1eeb \u1ea5y l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean \u0111em tai h\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Xin nh\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00edch n\u1eefa, tuy h\u01a1i ng\u00e2y ng\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a vua Ba-la-n\u1ea1i (B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b), y t\u00ednh \u0111i xem l\u1ec5 b\u00e8n g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ta \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i xem l\u1ec5 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, v\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0 lo ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u01b0\u1eddn, lo t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf qu\u00ean nghe.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111i xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng trong nh\u00f3m, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta thay anh \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1ed5 h\u1ebft c\u00e2y l\u00ean coi r\u1ec5 \u0103n xu\u1ed1ng bao s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7ng t\u01b0\u1edbi cho v\u1eeba s\u1ee9c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, l\u00e0m y nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, nghe th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu mu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e0nh hanh suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00ean \u0111em tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu mu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 an vui c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn kia v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>3- Dunnayo seyyaso hoti: K\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m, cho qu\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\nTheo c\u00e2u P\u0101\u1e37i n\u1ea7y, ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u hung \u00e1c, x\u1ea5u xa nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p, c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1ef1t, h\u00e0nh hung k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Ai ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea, \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 anh h\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 hay, l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi &#8211; n\u00ean c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n \u0111em nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u1ea5y khoe khoang v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n<p>a- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u00edch qu\u1ea5y.<br \/>\nb- T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u0103n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111em khoe v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<br \/>\nc- Th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u00e1c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 khi nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hay nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn h\u1ecd trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi khi.<\/p>\n<p>4- Samm\u0101vutto pi kuppati: K\u1ebb \u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn.<br \/>\nT\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, theo c\u00e2u n\u1ea7y, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, cha, m\u1eb9, l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng &#8211; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nghe theo.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>5- Vinaya so na j\u0101n\u0101ti: K\u1ebb \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<br \/>\nK\u1ebb \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m theo b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; v\u00ec lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e2u th\u00fac theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u00e1c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, k\u1ebb \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebb \u00e1c theo tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong Tam t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh<\/p>\n<p>Uparipa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101saka &#8211; b\u00e0i kinh B\u0101lapa itasutta r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c c\u00f3 ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Duccint\u0101cinti : Suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c<br \/>\n2. Dubbh\u0101sitabh\u0101s\u012b : N\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u00e1c<br \/>\n3. Dukkata k\u0101r\u012b: L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec, theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, n\u00f3i \u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u00e1c; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c? N\u00f3i \u00e1c? L\u00e0m \u00e1c?<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i trong kinh c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>* Suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c: C\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tham lam th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, m\u01b0u h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn; l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>* N\u00f3i \u00e1c l\u00e0: N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, n\u00f3i bi\u1ebfm, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>* L\u00e0m \u00e1c: S\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m. Ba h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 khi \u1edf \u1ea9n trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh, c\u00f3 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t; n\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y chia ra l\u00e0m hai h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>a. \u00c1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: Trong th\u1ebf gian, \u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Adhab\u0101la [ii]: \u00c1c \u00f4n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t hung d\u1eef, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u00f4n d\u1ecbch, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eadp \u00e1c, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kaly\u0101 ab\u0101la [iii]: K\u1ebb \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt&#8230; V\u00ec l\u00f2ng n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0103n n\u0103n, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y lo tu h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo th\u1eadp \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>b. \u00c1c b\u00ean trong: \u00dd n\u00f3i \u00e1c t\u00ednh trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ta. C\u0169ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u00e1c t\u00ednh trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb h\u1eb3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u00c1c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 14 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf(akusalacetasik\u0101) v\u00e0 12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m (akusalacitta)[iv].<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u00e1c t\u00ednh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch x\u1ea5u xa kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m lu m\u1edd v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y, n\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang ho\u1eb7c d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00e2m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng tham thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [v].<\/p>\n<p>+ Ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang sanh 08 \u0111i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c.<br \/>\n2. Th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n3. L\u00e0m cho t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i x\u1ea5u xa hay c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lu m\u1edd \u0111i, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi.<br \/>\n4. B\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ai c\u0169ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u.<br \/>\n5. Ai c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 xa l\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c kinh s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda; n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, th\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom n\u1ed5 ch\u1eadm.<br \/>\n6. K\u1ebb \u00e1c t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd qu\u1ea5y, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an l\u1ea1c.<br \/>\n7. K\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0m cho thanh danh trong h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd hay b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111i.<br \/>\n8. K\u1ebb \u00e1c sau khi ch\u1ebft sanh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo 06 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n k\u1ebb \u00e1c<br \/>\n2. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<br \/>\n3. Kh\u00f4ng nghe k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<br \/>\n4. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<br \/>\n5. C\u1ed1 c\u00e0ng xa k\u1ebb \u00e1c c\u00e0ng hay.<br \/>\n6. C\u1ed1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o l\u00e0nh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u01b0u th\u1eafng.<br \/>\n2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<br \/>\n4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Khi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, tai h\u1ecda, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf do th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00f4ng ta xui gi\u1ebft cha, h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u vua c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n6. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<br \/>\n7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u1ee3i khen.<br \/>\n8. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i<br \/>\n9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n10. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<br \/>\n11. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<br \/>\n12. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3 tai h\u1ecda g\u00ec do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c g\u00e2y n\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00edch x\u01b0a trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Chuy\u1ec7n Chim K\u00e9t<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh, trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 k\u00e9t c\u00f3 hai con k\u00e9t con. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, do b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, k\u00e9t b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c m\u1ed7i con m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i. M\u1ed9t con r\u01a1i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, m\u1ed9t con l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp. Hai con chim \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u01a1i nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y t\u1eed t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>H\u00f4m kia, \u0111\u1ee9c vua x\u1ee9 Pa\u00f1cala t\u00ean Pacala ng\u1ef1 \u0111i s\u0103n, v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0a d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u00ean b\u1edd su\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp. K\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c vua trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>&#8211; Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a!<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>Nh\u00e0 vua nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh s\u1ee3, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. K\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c vua m\u1edbi n\u00f3i:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01a1i, t\u1eeb xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc l\u1eafm, xin m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>\u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi k\u00e9t v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><em>&#8211; C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i k\u00e9t v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t con \u1edf v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u00ec hung \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3; c\u00f2n con \u1edf v\u1edbi b\u1eadc ch\u01a1n tu th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn l\u00e0m sao!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3u th\u00fa nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i \u00e1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m sao tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n khi s\u1ed1ng chung l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\">Chuy\u1ec7n C\u00e2y Xo\u00e0i<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201c- Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Dadhiv\u0101hana ng\u1ef1 \u0111i t\u1eafm d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, sau khi b\u1ea3o qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i gi\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quanh n\u01a1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba tai n\u1ea1n. Trong khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn tr\u00f4i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh, m\u1eafc v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u v\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi \u0111em d\u00e2ng cho vua. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1 m\u1edbi cho g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ee3 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i chi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m. Nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e8n \u0103n th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt, th\u01a1m l\u1ef1ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3! Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y h\u1ed9t \u0111em v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m nom k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i. Ba n\u0103m sau c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb th\u01a1m tho. \u0110\u1ee9c vua \u0111em bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng l\u00e2n bang \u0111\u1ec3 khoe tr\u00e1i qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em bi\u1ebfu, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y d\u00f9i nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng m\u1ea7m non c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y h\u1ed9t \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">L\u1ea7n sau, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfu xo\u00e0i, v\u1ecb vua kia li\u1ec1n cho l\u1ea5y h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem duy\u00ean c\u1edb, th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u1ea7m trong h\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m h\u01b0 r\u1ed3i. V\u1ecb vua \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a vua Dadhiv\u0101hana, li\u1ec1n ngh\u0129 ra k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u00e8n sai m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn xin v\u00e0o l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua Dadhiv\u0101hana.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2u c\u00f9ng vua Dadhiv\u0101hana r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8211; T\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 hoa, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ed3i, ai c\u0169ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. H\u00f4m nay, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u00fd, b\u00e8n th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111em d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01a1i g\u1ed1c xo\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng b\u00f2 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, c\u00f2n c\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u l\u1edbn l\u00ean giao nh\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, n\u00ean lanh l\u1eb9 tr\u1ed1n \u0111i.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, vua Dadhiv\u0101hana ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n, truy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u b\u1ebb xo\u00e0i cho ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng. L\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0m sao, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc xo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ecdng; v\u00e0 v\u1ecb xo\u00e0i l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1t, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n th\u01a1m ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ee9c vua m\u1edbi ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8211; N\u1ea7y hi\u1ec1n khanh, t\u1ea1i sao m\u00f9a n\u1ea7y xo\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafng h\u00f4i, m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">V\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 &#8211; v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed &#8211; quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn, ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean do, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i n\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun tr\u1ed3ng chu \u0111\u00e1o, t\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i, hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd b\u1ecb d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eafng qu\u1ea5n nhau v\u00e0 giao nh\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y m\u1ea5t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a xo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Xong, v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 m\u1edbi ng\u00e2m c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201c- Va agandharasupeto<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Amdaya ahuva puri<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tameve puja labham\u0101no<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Kehamb kutukapphalo<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Pucinanda pariv\u0101ro<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ambote dadiv\u0101hana<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mula mulenasanlattha<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">S\u0101kh\u0101s\u0101kha nisevare<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Asatasanniv\u0101sene<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tenambo katukapphalo\u201d(?)[vi]<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e2y xo\u00e0i n\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i, v\u1ecb &#8211; \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u01a1m, ngon &#8211; nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chu \u0111\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng! C\u00e2y xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u00e2y s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u1edf chung, r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 xen l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0nh giao nhau. V\u00ec m\u1ecdc chung ch\u1ea1 v\u1edbi d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u n\u00ean xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn chung l\u1ed9n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, \u1edf v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cG\u1ea7n m\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111en, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec s\u00e1ng\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c: \u201c\u1ede b\u1ea7u th\u00ec tr\u00f2n, \u1edf \u1ed1ng th\u00ec d\u00e0i!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y xo\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 tri, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean xa l\u00e1nh k\u1ebb \u00e1c, d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee3 k\u1ebb \u00e1c h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng hay xu h\u01b0\u1edbng theo k\u1ebb \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 lao v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00e0, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 th\u00e2n, m\u1ea5t n\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c th\u00eam \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ea1i kh\u1edd b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c! \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng theo h\u1ecd th\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd bu\u1ed3n! C\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u00e3 giao, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vui ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu! Nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1eafm \u0111\u00f3! L\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC II<\/p>\n<p>Pa itana\u00f1ca sevan\u0101: Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi: H\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc cao, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb&#8230; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft gia, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, th\u1ea1c s\u0129, b\u00e1c s\u0129, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>2. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c theo quan ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh g\u00ec gh\u00ea g\u1edbm! Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c &#8211; theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o &#8211; h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed &#8211; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u1eadp \u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Di he dhamme ca yo attho<\/p>\n<p>Yo attho samparayiko<\/p>\n<p>Atthabhisamaya dhiro<\/p>\n<p>Pa itoti pavuccati\u201d[vii].<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ee9t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh theo t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111em theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u00edch k\u1ef7, d\u00e1m \u0111em ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ra gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u01a1m \u00e1o cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 do tu h\u00e0nh theo gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec cho \u0111\u00fang. B\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, l\u1ebd tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. U h\u0101nasampad\u0101: Si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb9 cha, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ee3 con v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c; nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Hai l\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng trau gi\u1ed3i th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd cho trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>2. Rakkh\u0101sampad\u0101: H\u1ebft l\u00f2ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, gia s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n: R\u00e1ng lo tu tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 &#8211; v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em theo v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3. Kaly\u0101 amittata: C\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, b\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>4. Samm\u0101j\u012bvita: Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Saddh\u0101: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin &#8211; tin nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u012bla: Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ea1ch, tr\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u0101ga: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf).<\/p>\n<p>4. Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: C\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed1i t\u00e0, n\u1ebbo ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Dh\u012bro: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft (ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>2. Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>3. Bahusuto: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>4. Dhorayho [viii]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n minh.<\/p>\n<p>5. S\u012blasampatti: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>6. Vatavanto [ix]: B\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh thanh cao, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh tri t\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>7. Ariyo: B\u1ef1c xa k\u1ebb th\u00f9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (B\u1eadc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n)<\/p>\n<p>8. Sumedho: B\u1ef1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00e1ng lo b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>9. Tadiso [x]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xao \u0111\u1ed9ng, lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i cao qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>10. Sappuriso [xi]: B\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>+ Khi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ebfn \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nghe gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nghe l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<p>5. C\u1ed1 nh\u1edb ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe<\/p>\n<p>6. C\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe.<\/p>\n<p>7. Khi suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec n\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>8. Tinh c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S\u012blavisuddhi: Gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Cittavisuddhi: T\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101visuddhi: Tu\u1ec7 thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>10. C\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh cho mau \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dassan\u0101nuttariya: Th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sot\u0101nuttariya: Nghe cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u0101bh\u0101nuttariya: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sikkh\u0101nuttariya: H\u1ecdc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Paricara \u0101nuttariya: H\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Anussat\u0101nuttariya: Ni\u1ec7m (t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m) cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 oan tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>6. Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; bi\u1ebft \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u00e1nh xa.<\/p>\n<p>7. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khen ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh thanh cao.<\/p>\n<p>9. C\u00f3 danh th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3i \u0111i m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p>10. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>11. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi trong ki\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Huy\u1ec3n Ba Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101 c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f2n t\u00f9y l\u00fac, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u1ee9u nguy cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa; nh\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101 c\u1ee7a vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c (P\u0101senadi) c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i trong b\u1ed9 kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa quy\u1ec3n 3 [xii] nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u00eam n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c nghe b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng la th\u1eadt to l\u00e0: \u201cDu, Sa, Na, So\u201d l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e2m tr\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ee9c vua cho th\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh d\u1eef v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean do.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ngai v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda \u1ea5y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u00e3 man. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m gi\u1ed1ng th\u00fa \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i, tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi n\u1eef. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m th\u1eadt to, \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c xong m\u1edbi gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 th\u00fa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua nghe l\u1eddi t\u1ea5u tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3, m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Trong khi s\u1eafp l\u00e0m l\u1ec5, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi nam n\u1eef k\u00eau g\u00e0o, la kh\u00f3c, nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i k\u00eau r\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u00e1o lo\u1ea1n, vang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian. B\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u vua v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ee9c vua m\u1edbi thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y cho b\u00e0 nghe, b\u00e0 m\u1edbi t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh ch\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t khi g\u1ea7n b\u00ean ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Nh\u01a1n S\u01b0, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, l\u1ea1i \u0111i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng \u201cDu, Sa, Na, So\u201d \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3i l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfp Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn nay; bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i sanh l\u00e0m vua, mu\u1ed1n k\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ch\u00fang th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua nghe v\u1eady l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch, khi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng cung, ra l\u1ec7nh th\u1ea3 h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa s\u1eafp t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc t\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n &#8211; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kinh s\u1ee3. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 &#8211; kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kho\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 tu! C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c \u1edf tr\u00ean &#8211; m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb \u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC III<\/p>\n<p>P\u016bj\u0101ca P\u016bjan\u012by\u0101na : C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xong chuy\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00eam ba vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u1ea3i s\u00e0ng s\u1ea3y, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00faa l\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u00faa h\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc, ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u1ef1a lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t l\u00faa t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng cho m\u00f9a sau.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tu theo Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u201cl\u00e3o n\u00f4ng tri \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d kia:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u1ea3i xa k\u1ebb \u00e1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng s\u00e0ng b\u1ecf l\u00faa l\u00e9p (\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i &#8211; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac I)<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t l\u00faa ch\u1eafc c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh (\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i &#8211; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac II).<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00f9a sau (\u0110ang l\u00e0m &#8211; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac III).<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo s\u1eafm s\u1eeda nhang \u0111\u00e8n, b\u00f4ng hoa d\u00e2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, hay d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00eam n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao s\u00e2u, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c T\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5y &#8211; nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u201cNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng &#8211; quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh tu ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, sau bao nhi\u00eau A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ra 38 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi, trong 38 chi, hay l\u00e0m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh, trong 38 h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng p\u016bj\u0101 (c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 ch\u1eef d\u0101na, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 15. S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trong ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u1edf l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 long tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Theo s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 p\u016bj\u0101 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pagga ha: Ca t\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sakk\u0101ra: V\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sama a: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n<p>1- Pagga ha: Ca t\u1ee5ng &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, ca t\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 ta ca t\u1ee5ng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam B\u1ea3o theo kinh Tam B\u1ea3o. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ta t\u00e1n th\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee7 ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang sanh. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. T\u0103ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca xa th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, \u0111am m\u00ea, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 &#8211; v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i; l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng thay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>2- Sakk\u0101ra: V\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111em \u0111i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n<p>3- Sama a: K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ta \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ban b\u1ed1 cho ta.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t do s\u1ef1 ca t\u1ee5ng, v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u00e2ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0103n. Ta ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0103n g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 no b\u1ee5ng th\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Ta c\u1ea7n \u0103n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ta, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ta. S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ai?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd c\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta? Nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 hai b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111ang noi theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c thanh cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u00e0i, danh l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng thanh cao, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ec9, x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>+C\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c cao v\u1ee3i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed minh, h\u1ea1nh minh; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0i c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng sanh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ta l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ef1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i hay b\u1edfi danh v\u1ecdng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang sanh k\u00ednh n\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng con d\u1ea1y con v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n cha m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4i con c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi con. Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd cha m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e2u: \u201cPh\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd, \u0111i th\u1edd Th\u00edch-ca ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ta, c\u00f3 \u00e2n v\u1edbi ta th\u00ec ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p &#8211; v\u00ec nh\u1edb \u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho m\u00ecnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u00fd 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0: Khi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ra nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ta h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n &#8211; v\u00ec h\u00e0nh theo th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101gu a: \u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Karu \u0101gu a: \u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn (Bi \u0111\u1ee9c)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Visuddhigu a: \u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh (T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Amisap\u016bj\u0101: C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc, y ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa ipattip\u016bj\u0101: C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 mau t\u1edbi n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129, khi tin theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u00ec quy y Tam B\u1ea3o, h\u00e0nh theo ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi; l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tham thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mau d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafng y\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngh\u00e8o c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ca-di\u1ebfp<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 hai th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngh\u00e8o c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ca-di\u1ebfp&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- G\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ean Pipphali. Trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ca-di\u1ebfp nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y. Sau khi x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n xem th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. X\u00e9t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang canh gi\u1eef ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eafp l\u00e0 h\u1eefu duy\u00ean &#8211; n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u00f4m b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. Khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ca-di\u1ebfp, c\u00f4 li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec1u khi ta c\u00f3 v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ng\u00e0i; \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng! H\u00f4m nay, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hy h\u1eefu, ta c\u00f3 v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i! \u00d4i! Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00fd h\u00f3a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9t n\u1ed5 (b\u1eafp rang). C\u00f4 li\u1ec1n \u0111em m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t h\u1ed9t n\u1ed5 \u1ea5y d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i Ca-di\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i, duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed gieo tr\u1ed3ng h\u00f4m nay, xin cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc!<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i ra v\u1ec1. C\u00f4 gi\u1eef ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00f2ng vui th\u00edch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Khi \u1ea5y, v\u00ec v\u00f4 \u00fd c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1p nh\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00f4 b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft li\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. V\u00ec trong khi ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f4 vui v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 gi\u1ef1t m\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, c\u00f4 th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00f4 gi\u1eef b\u1eafp c\u00f2n cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed hay c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (v\u1eadt \u1ea5y t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb) &#8211; m\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u1edf t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, gi\u00e0u hay ngh\u00e8o &#8211; ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00fac c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 cao qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f2n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh cho tinh nghi\u00eam, h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho tinh t\u1ea5n, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t ba t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i S\u0101l\u0101, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111em c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 hoa d\u1ecb th\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cSabbaph\u0101li phulla kho \u0101nanda yamakas\u0101l\u0101 alakapuppehi tath\u0101gatassa sarira okiranti&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y \u0100nanda! Hai c\u00e2y S\u0101l\u0101 tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng s\u00e1i m\u00f9a v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ecf \u00fd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0 Lai. B\u00f4ng Mand\u0101rava (T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 hoa M\u1ea1n-th\u00f9) t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng t\u1ecf \u00fd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddn ca, k\u00e8n tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 n\u1ea7y \u0100nanda! Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e2u! N\u1ea7y \u0100nanda! N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u-ni, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai. V\u1eady, ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p &#8211; th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt!\u201d C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0100nanda n\u1ea7y! Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng &#8211; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y!<\/p>\n<p>Do v\u1eady, trong Nik\u0101ya, kinh Parinibb\u0101na, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edbi nghe qua, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf trong Tam t\u1ea1ng &#8211; v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 &#8211; nh\u01b0 vua Asoka! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u00ed nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00edn th\u00e0nh, trong s\u1ea1ch, d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng! Th\u1eadt ra, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y sai kh\u00e1c, cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u01a1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y l\u00fac, t\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 &#8211; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. Ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e2u s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e2u cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc! C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111i, d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i &#8211; mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang sanh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. Bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y cho thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt n\u1ecd; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mu\u00f4n ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1i th\u00e1p, m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111ang th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn mu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n!<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo kinh lu\u1eadt th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy \u0111\u1ed3i, t\u00e0n m\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd cao s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng lo tu h\u00e0nh, mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh khai th\u00e1c l\u00f2ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, khi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec d\u1ea7u ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5m h\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia &#8211; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham lam trong ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng khen ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i th\u00ed \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i khen c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cN\u1ea7y \u0100nanda! Trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y lo th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u201d (D\u012bghanik\u0101ya, kinh Parinibb\u0101na).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng! Gi\u1edd ph\u00fat nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, \u0111ang \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 d\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh n\u00ean nh\u1edb c\u00e2u n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2n ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed hay r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n ba th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f2n t\u00e2m ph\u00e0m c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng than kh\u00f3c, ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tissa kh\u00f4ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, th\u1edf than g\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u00ec ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 trong khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Tissa ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, an t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ng\u00e0i cho m\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e8n th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0nh thay! N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Tissa, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ta b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m, tr\u00e0ng hoa&#8230; kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ta, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Pavivekarasa pipv\u0101<\/p>\n<p>Rasa up asamassa ca<\/p>\n<p>Nyddaro hopi nipp\u0101po<\/p>\n<p>Dhammappitirasa pivampi\u201d[xiii].<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c trong thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n), c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd c\u00f2n h\u01b0ng th\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>[i] Anaya: v\u00f4 ph\u00fac, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh; nayati: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn; dummedho: \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<p>[ii] Adha: M\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>[iii] Kaly\u0101 a: M\u1ef9 l\u1ec7, y\u00eau ki\u1ec1u, h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>[iv] 12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: 8 tham, 2 s\u00e2n, 2 si. 14 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf: Si, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, tham, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ea1n, s\u00e2n, t\u1eadt, xan, h\u1ed1i, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, nghi.<\/p>\n<p>[v] 12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 14 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u1ea5u xa tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tham thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 khi t\u00e2m b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd, b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[vi] Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e2u ch\u1eef P\u0101\u1e37i sai tr\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>[vii] Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>[viii] Dhorayha: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang v\u00e1c, g\u00e1nh v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng (tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m).<\/p>\n<p>[ix] Vatavantu: Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>[x] Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 dang: T\u0101disa: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>[xi] Suppuriya: \u0110\u00f4i n\u01a1i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed (ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0nh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>[xii] Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 3.<\/p>\n<p>[xiii] Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n, P\u0101\u1e37i sai tr\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC IV<\/p>\n<p>Patir\u016bpadesa v\u0101so: \u1ede trong x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u1edf<\/p>\n<p>(\u1ede tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac chia ra t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u00f3 3 hay 4 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 xem qua v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u00e2m th\u00fay trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m c\u1ea5u t\u1ee9 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. Cho n\u00ean khi h\u00e0nh theo 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00fang theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n I d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Xa k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>(Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i k\u1ebb \u00e1c,<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1eadc tr\u00ed hi\u1ec1n,<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ec5,<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng)[i]<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111em s\u1ef1 an vui \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n II c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n I v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n II nh\u1eb1m hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n I d\u1ea1y t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; c\u00f2n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n II d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m hay b\u00ean trong. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n th\u1ee9 I v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng phu bi\u1ebft quan s\u00e1t coi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng? Coi m\u00f9a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o? R\u1ed3i m\u1edbi gieo tr\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em so s\u00e1nh ba \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n th\u1ee9 I v\u1edbi ba \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n II Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u00eam 3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ed1 4 -5 -6 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. Ba ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac 4-5-6 \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>4. \u1ede trong x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>6. Gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>( \u1ede tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p,<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m,<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m,<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng)[ii]<\/p>\n<p>+ Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac &#8211; th\u00ec \u1edf trong x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u1edf l\u00e0 \u1edf trong x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p>a) C\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u-ni, thi\u1ec7n nam v\u00e0 t\u00edn n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>b) C\u00f3 \u201cpu\u00f1\u00f1akiriy\u0101vatthu\u201d[iii], ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>c) C\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p &#8211; th\u00ec \u00edt ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u00fd d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: X\u1ee9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 khi ta \u1edf x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1-.Dassan\u0101nuttariya: Th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0n &#8230; m\u00e0, th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, r\u1ed3i r\u00e1ng lo tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00edch khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p &#8211; nh\u01b0 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vakali &#8211; th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 l\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ebdo theo b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng \u01b0a th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xin xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y Vakali! Ng\u01b0\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i theo ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd \u0111\u00e2u. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y th\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gi\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean leo l\u00ean n\u00fai cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed &#8211; v\u00ec th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: M\u00ecnh b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh xin xu\u1ea5t gia, nh\u1eefng mong chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kim th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n r\u1ea7y la m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee7i th\u00e2n ta qu\u00e1! Th\u00f4i, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa, ch\u1ebft qu\u00e1ch cho xong!<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u00f4ng v\u1eeba gieo m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n ra, d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng; r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1eadn Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y Vakali nghe v\u1eady l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 cho \u00f4ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n v\u1edbi \u00fd r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ch\u00e9o y c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 \u1edf xa Nh\u01b0 Lai mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabu \u1edf xa Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Vakali sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>2- Sot\u0101nuttariya: Nghe cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghe l\u1eddi ca, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eddn k\u00e8n th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t m\u00ea ly &#8211; v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghe \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ta ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm, m\u00ea man trong \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb \u1ea5y. Nghe cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nghe Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ta kinh s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u1ee9t th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n cha con \u00f4ng ti\u1ec1u phu \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1n c\u1ee7i<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cha con \u00f4ng ti\u1ec1u phu \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1n c\u1ee7i, nghe c\u00e2u h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i h\u00e1i hoa sen m\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u1ed9i b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1i sen, v\u1eeba h\u00e1i, c\u00f4 ta v\u1eeba h\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hoa sen s\u1edbm n\u1edf chi\u1ec1u t\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1eafc h\u01b0\u01a1ng phai nh\u1ea1t, nh\u1ee5y v\u00e0ng r\u1ee5ng r\u01a1i!<\/p>\n<p>G\u1eabm hoa n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Mong manh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn, r\u00e3 r\u1eddi di\u1ec7t sinh!<\/p>\n<p>Hai cha con \u00f4ng ti\u1ec1u phu \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1n c\u1ee7i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u00e1t, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u xa &#8211; c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5m th\u00eda v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, sanh r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i sanh, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea7y. V\u00ec suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; n\u00ean gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 hai cha con \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt &#8211; r\u1ed3i chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Nghe nh\u01b0 hai cha con v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1u phu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghe cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ta \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ta kinh s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, l\u00e1nh xa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n &#8211; th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 ta n\u00ean \u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>3- Labh\u0101nuttariya: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c l\u00f2ng, ph\u1ea3i lo ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef, lo s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c&#8230; N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u lo s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 ta m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc n\u00f3, l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn n\u00f3 &#8211; khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, b\u1ea5t an, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. An l\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo s\u1ee3, b\u1ea5t an, hay thao th\u1ee9c, tr\u1eb1n tr\u1ecdc n\u1eefa&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u00edt ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh (Tin Tam B\u1ea3o, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o) n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o; m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2u g\u00f3p, t\u00edch tr\u1eed, v\u01a1 v\u00e9t th\u00eam cho nhi\u1ec1u, cho \u0111\u1ea7y kho, \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eabm, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00f2m, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u01b0\u01a1ng! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y khi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111em theo cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3! Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3; c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong ch\u1ed1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sinh th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 m\u00e3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c caoth\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1edd m\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta, x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u1edf l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n<p>4- Sikkh\u0101nuttariya: H\u1ecdc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc tu ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh, qu\u00e1n minh&#8230; N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, tham v\u1ecdng, danh l\u1ee3i&#8230; n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>5- Paricara \u0101nuttariya: S\u1ef1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn Tam B\u1ea3o nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 nghe c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd thi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u t\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e2u kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2u vui \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp mang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 g\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>6- Anussat\u0101nuttariya: Ni\u1ec7m (t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m) cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m ta kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh l\u00e0m cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng len th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u00fac t\u00e2m ta ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c &#8211; s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, t\u00e2m ta s\u1ebd l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea9y sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hai l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; nh\u1eefng c\u00e1u b\u1ee3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i, m\u1ecdc r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sang c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ni\u1ec7m, t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng [iv]:<\/p>\n<p>* Buddh\u0101nussati: Ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn 01 trong 09 h\u1ed3ng danh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Buddho, Araha &#8230; C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9c, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c, bi \u0111\u1ee9c&#8230; c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>* Dhamm\u0101nussati: Ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p (Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p). Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 5 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y&#8230;[v]<\/p>\n<p>* Sagh\u0101nussati: Ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c T\u0103ng (Ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng). T\u0103ng c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh, ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh, tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>* Sil\u0101nussati: Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt (Ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi). Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ecd tr\u00ec, coi c\u00f3 trong s\u1ea1ch hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho trong s\u1ea1ch; b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho trong s\u1ea1ch th\u00eam l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u1ee7ng, b\u1ecb r\u1ed7, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, b\u1ecb v\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>* C\u0101g\u0101nussati: Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (Ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed). Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quan s\u00e1t coi trong ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; v\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u0103ng sanh thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, xan tham; b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 ly, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, trong s\u1ea1ch&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>* Devat\u0101nusati: Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean (Ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean); v\u00ec ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103m thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Saddh\u0101 : \u0110\u1ee9c tin<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S\u012bla : Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Suta : \u0110a v\u0103n (nghe ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ch)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u0101ga : B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 : Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p (T\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7) l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Khi ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00ec ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n n\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt h\u01a1n &#8211; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n minh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u1edf l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<p>1. C\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ba ph\u00e1p (Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd cao qu\u00fd cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cTh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o\u201d[vi] c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC V<\/p>\n<p>Pubbe ca katapu\u00f1\u00f1at\u0101<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>(C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c hay tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nay \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ef9 m\u00e3n ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, danh v\u1ecdng&#8230; [vii] Theo quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu \u0111em ph\u01b0\u1edbc ra ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1- Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc: L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si; m\u00e0 sau khi l\u00e0m xong, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y trong l\u00f2ng h\u00e2n hoan, vui v\u1ebb, th\u1ecfa th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>2- Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc: L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3- L\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc: L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn tho\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ta tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o. C\u00e1i l\u00fd \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tu Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng suy g\u1eabm s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111i tr\u1ec5 chuy\u1ebfn xe s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfc xe \u1ea5y b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 do ph\u01b0\u1edbc, do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean n\u00f3 x\u00fai ta \u0111i tr\u1ec5 chuy\u1ebfn xe. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 do ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1m coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc[viii].<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ba c\u1eeda (th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd) thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2m bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft kinh s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i [ix]<\/p>\n<p>1- T\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch: L\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n thanh ni\u00ean Ma aku ali<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n thanh ni\u00ean Ma aku ali l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 keo ki\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong x\u1ee9. Khi Ma aku ali b\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y coi b\u1ec7nh cho thu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c b\u1ec7nh th\u1ebf \u1ea5y u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c g\u00ec? Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, keo ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n mua thu\u1ed1c, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 tay m\u00ecnh l\u00ean r\u1eebng ki\u1ebfm thu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, n\u00ean gh\u00e9t, ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m cho con \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111au n\u1eb7ng. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y con b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 trong nh\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m n\u00e0y n\u1ecd, n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111em cho con \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ba. V\u00ec thanh ni\u00ean Ma aku ali l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean; n\u00ean s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y mai, ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, Ma aku ali l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m quay m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o quang minh, ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean Ma aku ali l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u1edbc sanh l\u00e0m con c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi keo ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh. H\u00f4m nay ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p tay \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, trong s\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, con xin l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf xong th\u00ec t\u1eaft h\u01a1i, thanh ni\u00ean Ma aku ali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi do nh\u1edd t\u00e2m \u00f4ng k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>2- Ba c\u1eeda thanh t\u1ecbnh: L\u00e0 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m. Kh\u1ea9u thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch. \u00dd thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng tham lam, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ba c\u1eeda thanh t\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>3- T\u00e2m bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft kinh s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i: Nguy\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f2n say m\u00ea theo t\u00e0i s\u1eafc, danh l\u1ee3i; t\u00e2m \u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft gh\u00ea s\u1ee3, bi\u1ebft kinh s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Trong l\u00fac say m\u00ea theo t\u00e0i s\u1eafc, l\u1ee3i, danh; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e2u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, khi t\u1eed th\u1ea7n g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ra \u0111i v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng! Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 khi cha, m\u1eb9, anh em th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia b\u1ecf h\u1ecd ra \u0111i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, ra \u0111i v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e8 tr\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft kinh s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc an l\u00e0nh. V\u1eady ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5; r\u00e1ng lo tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t mu\u00f4n v\u1ea1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yasa<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yasa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft gh\u00ea s\u1ee3, kinh t\u1edfm \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Sau khi chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c uy\u1ec3n B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1ea1m \u1edf v\u1edbi 5 v\u1ecb Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0. L\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b c\u00f3 ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean Yasa, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd. Ch\u00e0ng \u1edf trong ba t\u00f2a l\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 trong ba m\u00f9a, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c linh \u0111\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfng ca h\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ee9t. \u0110\u00eam n\u1ecd, Yasa \u0111ang xem m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n m\u00faa h\u00e1t, ch\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t ch\u00e1n r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf \u0111i ng\u1ee7. Khuya l\u1ea1i, t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c, Yasa th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ng\u1ee7, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i x\u00f4ng ra m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, c\u00f3 c\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng ch\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 c\u00f4 ng\u00e1y om s\u00f2m, ch\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eed thi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa b\u00e3i tha ma. L\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3, Yasa th\u1ed1t r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf gian b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u qu\u00e1\u201d! \u00dd ch\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong v\u00f2ng t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ed3i Yasa b\u1ecf l\u1ea7u ra \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Yasa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd ch\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, Yasa v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u: \u201cTh\u1ebf gian b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u qu\u00e1!\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ecdi Yasa v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y&#8221;. Yasa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Anupubba cho \u00f4ng nghe. Sau khi nghe xong th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p, Yasa \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 sau 5 th\u1ea7y Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0. V\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean Yasa l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nghe r\u1eb1ng: Ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc Yasa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 thi\u00eau t\u1eed thi. C\u00f3 ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u00f4ng thi\u00eau t\u1eed thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 thai. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1eed thi ch\u00e1y, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00f2i ra tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u00e1n s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ef9 n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eed thi.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i t\u00f3m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p Anupubba (thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yassa l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n<p>1. D\u0101na: D\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u012bla: D\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n<p>3. Sagga: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an vui trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>4. K\u0101m\u0101d\u012bnava: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<p>5. Nekkhammanissanda: D\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia<\/p>\n<p>S\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111i theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9), t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao &#8211; l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, sau ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 an l\u1ea1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ta t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh trong ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ta ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y theo ta nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp hay c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp m\u01b0u k\u1ebf g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec h\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdc Siri trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ngh\u00e8o<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ngh\u00e8o. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean, mua v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n K\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1ed1 Kim T\u1ef1 (Ch\u00f9a tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng). Ngo\u00e0i ra \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u00e1o t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t chua. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng gi\u00e0u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u coi t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng gi\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u! Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc Siri. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn xin con g\u00e0 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd cho v\u00ec th\u1ea7y vi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00e0 g\u00e1y sai canh, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 g\u00e1y \u0111\u00fang canh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 d\u1eady h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, th\u00ec con g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec, n\u00ean \u00f4ng cho li\u1ec1n. Khi \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng cho con g\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00e1i Siri l\u1ea1i bay qua \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3; th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n xin lu\u00f4n c\u00e2y g\u1eady, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho, th\u00ec Siri bay l\u00ean \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u1eadt \u1ea5y, vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc Siri, vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc may m\u1eafn \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin m\u01b0\u1ee3n hay c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e8n th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: \u201cT\u00f4i xin tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1eady l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng. Th\u1eadt ra t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i Siri c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u con g\u00e0, n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1edbi xin n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e8 ng\u1ecdc Siri l\u1ea1i bay \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i xin c\u00e2y g\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i Siri \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i bay \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0. C\u00e1i vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc Siri may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>+ V\u1eady khi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ta c\u00f3 ba ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed1 th\u00ed tr\u1eeb tham lam.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb bi \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tham thi\u1ec1n theo hai ph\u00e1p: Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n minh (tu\u1ec7, minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb si m\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta mau l\u1eb9. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0m ch\u1ea7n ch\u1edd, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, d\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i khi ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec qu\u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m t\u00e2m \u00e1c x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ta mau thi h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea5y \u1ea5y; c\u00f2n khi n\u00e0o ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u00e1c k\u00e9o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch an l\u00e0nh cho ta nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ajeyya: Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng n\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. Anugamin\u012b: Theo d\u00ednh b\u00ean m\u00ecnh ta, n\u00f3 theo v\u00e0o, \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ta nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Eta adaya gacchati: Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em g\u00ec theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngo\u00e0i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gieo.<\/p>\n<p>4. As\u0101dh\u0101ra a: Ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung, c\u1ee7a ai t\u1ea1o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>5. Acoro: K\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>6. Sabbakammadd\u0101: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>7. Ya ya devahipatthanni (?) [x]: Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>8. Suva at\u0101: C\u00f3 l\u00e0n da \u0111\u1eb9p<\/p>\n<p>9. Sussarat\u0101: C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, nghe r\u1ea5t hay.<\/p>\n<p>10. Susa h\u0101na: C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>11. Sur\u016bpat\u0101: C\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>12. Adhipaccam: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn<\/p>\n<p>13. Pariv\u0101ro: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m ph\u00fac, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb t\u00f9y tung, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>14. Padesarajjam: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n uy trong m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>15. Issariyam: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ai; nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>16. Cakkavatt\u012b: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>17. Devarajjampi: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n<p>18. Manussika: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u sang<\/p>\n<p>19. Devaloke: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>20. Nibb\u0101nasampatti: \u0110\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/p>\n<p>21. Mittasampadamagamma: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<p>22. Vijj\u0101vimutti: \u0110\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do nh\u1edd tr\u00ed minh<\/p>\n<p>23. Pa isambhid\u0101: \u0110\u1eafc tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/p>\n<p>24. Vimokkha: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n<p>25. Savakaparam\u012b: \u0110\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Thanh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>26. Paccekabodhi: \u0110\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>27. Buddhabh\u016bmi: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>28. Sukhana nid\u0101na : C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui.<\/p>\n<p>29. Sampattina m\u016blam: L\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, an vui, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>30. Bhogana m\u016bla : L\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>31. Visamagatassatnam (?) : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 tri cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>32. D\u0101nasadiso avassayo: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>33. S\u012bhasadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 (hang) s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con th\u00fa kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m leo \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c g\u00e2y n\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>34. Papahapa hav\u012b sadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>35. Rajjudisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111i l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>36. Navasadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng [xi] nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>37. Sag\u0101masuro: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 n\u01a1i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba [xii].<\/p>\n<p>38. Susakhatanagara : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kinh th\u00e0nh hay ph\u1ed1 th\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trang \u0111i\u1ec3m huy ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>39. Padumasadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hoa sen &#8211; kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4i tanh m\u00f9i b\u00f9n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>40. Aggisadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m<\/p>\n<p>41. As\u012bvissadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>42. S\u012bhasadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed r\u1ea5t can \u0111\u1ea3m khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i [xiii].<\/p>\n<p>43. Seta-usabhasadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u00f2 Usabha, v\u00ec b\u00f2 n\u00e0y qu\u00fd nh\u1ee9t th\u1ebf gian [xiv].<\/p>\n<p>44. Hatth\u012bsadisa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; l\u00e0 th\u00fa qu\u00fd nh\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<p>45. Vahassar\u0101ja: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u00fd m\u00e3 [xv] ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay qua b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>46. Gatamagga : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>47. Buddhavansa : Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC VI<\/p>\n<p>Attasamm\u0101pa \u012bdhi: Gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<p>(Ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m)<\/p>\n<p>Atta ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 ta, v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u00e2m, v\u1eady c\u00e2u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, v\u00ec ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0, m\u00e0 t\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e1c. M\u00e0 \u00e1c l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, \u0111em t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m ta kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng qua; trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u00e2m ta th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea3i mi\u1ebft trong \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i x\u1ea5u xa; v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong v\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a ta, hay t\u00e2m ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho t\u00e2m ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tam \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m, hay ch\u00f9i r\u1eeda, s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Theo b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 VI n\u1ea7y th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0:\u0110\u1ee9c tin, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nghe ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 [xvi]. N\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Saradhamma ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u00f5i, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o &#8211; gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec, h\u00e0nh theo n\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh (hay h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh) theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh theo minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb xao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ta ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o khi ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec ch\u0103ng, x\u01b0a nay t\u00e2m ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Khi ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m ta ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ta v\u00e0o n\u01a1i trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, n\u00ean h\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tam h\u1ecdc trong t\u00e2m (Gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7).<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>10. \u0110\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi noi theo.<\/p>\n<p>13. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ean Bharadv\u0101jagotra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ean Bharadv\u0101jagotra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, khi n\u00e0o y nghe t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec y b\u1ecbt tai l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u1ee3 y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt; khi n\u00e0o b\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y m\u0169i hay l\u00e0m g\u00ec gi\u1ef1t m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec b\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y kia \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng 500 v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt trong khi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y; v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a nghe ti\u1ebfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i vui l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m cho, nh\u01b0ng xin th\u01b0a, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe t\u00f4i, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7t c\u1ed5 b\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y \u0111ao n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1m nh\u1ecf t\u00f4i ra th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u00e0ng. Th\u1eadt ra, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean hay l\u00eca xa Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd. B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i d\u00e2ng c\u00fang cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ch\u1eb3ng may b\u1ecb v\u1ea5p b\u00e0 li\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ea5y th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn b\u1ecf ra v\u1ec1, sau khi m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gia ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec m\u1edbi ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean gi\u1ea5c? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u? N\u00e0y th\u1ea7y C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m! Th\u1ea7y th\u00edch di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5. N\u1ea7y th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n! C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u00ec l\u1ebd l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c (l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5), ng\u1ecdn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt (\u00fd n\u00f3i khi l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t vui v\u1ebb, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n). Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn xong th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi nghe xong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sanh trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin xin xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u00e1ng lo h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, khi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh hay l\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, h\u00e3y xin quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, coi t\u00e2m ta \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p hay t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111em t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[i] \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Vi\u00ean Minh d\u1ecbch &#8211; in trong Kinh t\u1ee5ng Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>[ii] Ghi ch\u00fa 14.<\/p>\n<p>[iii] N\u01a1i, ch\u1ed7, x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>[iv] Th\u1eadt ra , n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh (Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n), ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf.( 8 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, 2 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c sau th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c &#8211; nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n; ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n). Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>[v] Cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0: Sandi hiko: Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; Ak\u0101liko: V\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian; Ehipassiko: \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y; Opan\u0101yiko: C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m); Paccatta veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi: B\u1eadc tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>[vi] Ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o\u201dh\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd g\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 7 th\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n : T\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7? Hay l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi: Ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3? Theo t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 7 th\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>[vii] Trong Nik\u0101ya, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0169 d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d, do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u th\u00f9 th\u1eafng n\u00ean th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>[viii] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0!<\/p>\n<p>[ix] C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u; ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra, t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd trong s\u1ea1ch; v\u00e0 c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0m (h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i) v\u00e0 qu\u00fd (bi\u1ebft gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i).<\/p>\n<p>[x] Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y (c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch) l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y sai ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 tr\u00edch qu\u00e1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt xin c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>[xi] C\u00e1c c\u00e2u 33, 34, 35, 36 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Sadisa, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0 nhau, ngang b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>[xii] Sura c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, v\u1ecb thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>[xiii] C\u00e2u 42 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e2u 33 &#8211; gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>[xiv] Seta l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, Usabha l\u00e0 b\u00f2 ch\u00faa; v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>[xv] Assar\u0101ja: Vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n<p>[xvi] T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N III<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC VII<\/p>\n<p>B\u0101husacca: Nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>(\u0110a v\u0103n, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nghe \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i sanh s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nu\u00f4i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00ean ai ai c\u0169ng mong c\u1ea7u an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o hay l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n; v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta leo l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u1eadc \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5m no; ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda kho b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 danh l\u1ee3i, t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>Sanh ra ai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ai, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban s\u01a1, nh\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Ai b\u1ec1n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u th\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 VII n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta ph\u1ea3i nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong t\u1ea1ng kinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 D\u012bghanik\u0101ya, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 5 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi con, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i lo cho con \u0103n h\u1ecdc cho th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng trong kinh \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y: B\u1ef1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00f2 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 5 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 cho ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>Trong kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u [1] n\u00ean t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 4 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc (Sikkhag\u0101ravat\u0101).<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng trong kinh \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1eedu [2]c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u1eadt b\u00e1u th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 B\u0101husacca,ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya, ch\u1ed7 d\u1ea1y 10 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd [3], n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a(N\u0101thakara adhamma) th\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 B\u0101husacca &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111a v\u0103n, nghe nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 tam h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng cho ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo, h\u1ea7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u00e8n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, hay n\u00f3i theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ecdc g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f2n b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ba \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pariyattisuta: Nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Tam t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa ipattisuta: Nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pa ivedhasuta: Nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t [4].<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eadc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n [5] l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1\/- B\u0101husuta: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>2\/- Dhat\u0101: Thu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [6].<\/p>\n<p>3\/- Vacas\u0101 paricit\u0101: [7] Thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<p>4\/- Manas\u0101nupekkhit\u0101: [8] H\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng theo ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>5\/- Di hiy\u0101 supa ividdh\u0101: [9] Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Tam t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc cao qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>3. Hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi khi b\u1ecb c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u00f3i n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>6. H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>7. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>9. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u1ea1c trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>10. Di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>11. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, danh d\u1ef1, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, ng\u1ee3i khen v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>12. D\u1ee9t h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (c\u00f2n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 [10] \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vua x\u1ee9 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sen\u0101ka, n\u1ed5i danh l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 8, r\u1eb1m, 23 v\u00e0 30; th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0103n xin chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng ta d\u00e0nh d\u1ee5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111em g\u1edfi cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed t\u00fang qu\u1eabn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e0i h\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111em con g\u00e1i g\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0103n xin \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 th\u00f4i. V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng sai \u00f4ng \u0111i \u0103n xin m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i xa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1eafng, c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e0 \u0111i xin x\u1ee9 xa l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 700 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u0103m v\u1ee3. Khi v\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u00e0, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y to c\u00f3 b\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf b\u1ecb ra l\u1ea5y c\u01a1m \u0103n r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e9 s\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c chui v\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi u\u1ed1ng xong, l\u00ean c\u1ed9t b\u1ecb l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i mang l\u00ean vai ra \u0111i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ecb. V\u1ecb th\u1ecd th\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y v\u1eady th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ea7y b\u00e0- la-m\u00f4n \u01a1i! N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay, th\u00ec th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u00ec v\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y ch\u1ebft\u201d. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00ec th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Sen\u0101ka c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 dinh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh \u0111em h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0103n xin bi\u1ebft tin \u1ea5y, n\u00ean \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n theo \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cBi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u1edd nghe ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean t\u0129nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i!\u201d. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng b\u1ed9 thi\u1ec3u n\u00e3o, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f2n d\u00e0n d\u1ee5a. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1n. Do tr\u00ed suy lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, ng\u00e0i h\u1ecfi: \u201cTh\u1ebf khi th\u1ea7y \u0103n c\u01a1m xong, th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cD\u1ea1, c\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e9 s\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc!\u201d. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u00edu m\u00e0y r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: \u201cV\u1eady khi \u0111i, c\u00e1i b\u1ecb kia c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. L\u00e3o th\u01b0a: \u201cD\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ngay r\u1eb1ng, trong khi xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e9 s\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c b\u00f2 v\u00f4 trong b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. V\u1ecb th\u1ecd th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o cho. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd x\u1ea9y ra n\u1eb1m trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y m\u1edf b\u1ecb ra \u0103n c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u th\u00ec r\u1eafn \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u1eafn th\u1ea7y, th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft; b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 tham lam s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 tay m\u1edf b\u1ecb ra r\u1ed3i b\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ea5n an th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n: \u201cTa s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u \u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a n\u00e0o!\u201d M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui c\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 xem chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1! Sau \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t cho m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ra! L\u00e1t sau, m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c chui ra kh\u1ecfi kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf, b\u00f2 ra ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ea7y r\u1eafn b\u00e8n th\u00f2 tay b\u1eaft r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01a1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u00f4 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a th\u00f4i. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn l\u00e3o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, th\u1ea5y phong tr\u1ea7n, gi\u00e0 nua nh\u01b0ng to\u00e1t ra c\u00e1i v\u1ebb th\u1eadt th\u00e0, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh n\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y th\u00eam ba tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00e0n; v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la m\u00f4n \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111em c\u1ee7a n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o xong r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y v\u00e0o nh\u00e0; c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ta d\u1eb7n &#8211; th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n b\u00e1i t\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t r\u1ed3i \u0111em gi\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u00f4 nh\u00e0. V\u1ee3\u00f4ng lo n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u00f4ng t\u1eafm r\u1eeda r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng \u0111i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea5u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd. V\u1ee3 \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n cho nh\u01a1n t\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01a1n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0103n c\u1eafp s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh ch\u00f4n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t; \u00f4ng kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd x\u1ea9y ra n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng lo! N\u1ebfu nghe l\u1eddi ta th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2u! Th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng 7 ng\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u cho cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean nh\u1edb, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi 7 v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 7 v\u1ecb. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00ean th\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u00ean v\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t, l\u00fac \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u00e1o cho ta bi\u1ebft!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, b\u00ean th\u1ea7y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u00ean v\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i. Th\u1ea7y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t bi\u1ebft, ng\u00e0i b\u00e8n ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n trong ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecfi:\u201cT\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ed9m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e0 nua t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ea7y?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng ta b\u00e8n ch\u1ed1i: \u201cTh\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c! T\u00f4i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0103n c\u1eafp g\u00ec c\u1ee7a l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e2u\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nghi\u00eam m\u1eb7t n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ed1i quanh! Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00e1m mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t. Kh\u00f4n h\u1ed3n h\u00e3y khai \u0111i! N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ta s\u1ebd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 b\u00e0ng d\u00e2n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh l\u00e9n l\u00fat, x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1eefa!\u201d. V\u00ec kinh s\u1ee3, n\u00ean th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y b\u00e8n cung khai h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f4 v\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi thuy\u1ebft t\u00edch n\u1ea7y xong, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong khi Nh\u01b0 Lai sanh l\u00e0m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Sen\u0101ka \u1ea5y, Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gian &#8211; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, suy lu\u1eadn &#8211; n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 4 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 [11]:<\/p>\n<p>1. Sappurisasa seva: Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Sadhammassavana: Nghe ph\u00e1p (l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o) c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>a. Saddha: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, tin nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>b. S\u012bla: Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi (Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai hay c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<p>c. Hiri: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>d. Ottappa: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. B\u0101husacca: \u0110a v\u0103n<\/p>\n<p>e. C\u0101ga: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (D\u1ee9t b\u1ecf)<\/p>\n<p>g. Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: C\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>3. Yonisomanasik\u0101ra: Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c xong ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e9t cho chu \u0111\u00e1o r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>4. Dhamm\u0101nudhammapatipatti: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC VIII<\/p>\n<p>Sippa: C\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 [12]<\/p>\n<p>(Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi &#8211; ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta. V\u1eady ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac g\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho ta?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1?<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Sippa n\u0101ma anagariyava (?) sena duvidha hatthakusala :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai ngh\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t gia<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 VII d\u1ea1y ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ta th\u00e2u th\u1eadp cho nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. C\u00f2n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 VIII n\u1ea7y th\u00ec d\u1ea1y ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111em ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. V\u1eady ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n: \u201cNh\u1ee9t ngh\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1ee9t th\u00e2n vinh&#8221;. Trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau, ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p [13]. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb n\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec cho gi\u1ecfi th\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 an vui \u0111\u1ebfn cho, nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 anh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u00fang s\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a t\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ba-la-n\u1ea1i (B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e8 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i b\u00fang s\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb trong th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea9y xe cho anh ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 anh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y to, \u0111em s\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u anh d\u00f9ng s\u1ea1n b\u00fang l\u00e1 c\u00e2y th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u00fa n\u1ea7y th\u00fa n\u1ecd kia coi ch\u01a1i r\u1ed3i cho anh ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd nh\u00e0 vua ng\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n, \u0111i ngang qua ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kinh s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh anh qu\u00e8 \u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1eeba b\u00e3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y l\u1ee7ng l\u1ed5 ch\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00fa r\u1ea5t ng\u1ed9, m\u1edbi ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi quan c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u00e2u t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 vua m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o anh qu\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u1eadu kia! tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u1eadt ham n\u00f3i, khi tr\u1eabm mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u chi th\u00ec qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1eddi h\u1ebft, tr\u1eabm kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf chi l\u00e0m \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>Anh qu\u00e8 \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cT\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng! N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00e2n ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea th\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e8n \u0111em anh qu\u00e8 v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 anh ng\u1ed3i sau m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n c\u00f3 kho\u00e9t l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n b\u00ean anh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea kh\u00f4. \u0110o\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i h\u1ed9i tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 quen t\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eeba h\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng toan c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1eddi vua th\u00ec li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb anh qu\u00e8 sau l\u1ed7 m\u00e0n b\u00fang m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea kh\u00f4 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng. Ham n\u00f3i qu\u00e1, \u00f4ng nu\u1ed1t ri\u1ebft vi\u00ean ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng h\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ph\u1ea9n l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn khi vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y anh qu\u00e8 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00fang h\u1ebft ph\u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y qu\u00e2n s\u01b0, v\u00ec t\u1eadt ham n\u00f3i, n\u00ean khanh nu\u1ed1t h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea kh\u00f4, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. D\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a khanh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n ph\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, v\u1eady khanh v\u1ec1 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c x\u1ed5 ra \u0111i\u201d. V\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eb9n ra v\u1ec1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1edd anh qu\u00e8 m\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tai vua \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i ban cho anh qu\u00e8 \u1ea5y th\u00e2u thu\u1ebf b\u1ed1n th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf m\u1edbi t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. Ngh\u1ec1 b\u00fang s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a anh qu\u00e8 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban th\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- S\u0101dhu kho sippa n\u0101ma<\/p>\n<p>Api yadisak\u012bdisa (?)<\/p>\n<p>Passa ajapph\u0101rena<\/p>\n<p>Laddhag\u0101m\u0101 catudis\u0101 \u201c[14].<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec m\u1edbi mang \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p; b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a n\u01a1i, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111em c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh &#8211; nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a anh qu\u00e8 b\u00fang s\u1ea1n tr\u00ean kia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 b\u00fang s\u1ea1n v\u1edbi anh qu\u00e8 n\u1ecd. Sau khi h\u1ecdc r\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129: N\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh b\u00fang s\u1ea1n th\u1eed v\u00e0o b\u00f2, heo, d\u00ea&#8230; th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1eaft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng! N\u1ebfu b\u00fang s\u1ea1n th\u1eed v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ebft ta ho\u1eb7c sinh ra ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o l\u00f4i th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, anh ch\u00e0ng th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129: V\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ta th\u1eed t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1! T\u1ee9c th\u00ec anh li\u1ec1n b\u00fang m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean s\u1ea1n v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 tai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, vi\u00ean s\u1ea1n \u0111i xuy\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u1ed7 tai b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang b\u00ean kia. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1ebft li\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00ec vi\u00ean s\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c d\u00f9ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch n\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn am th\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Anh n\u1ecd l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn am th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, th\u1ea5y t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang lo h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 than kh\u00f3c, anh m\u1edbi khoe: \u201cM\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do t\u00e0i b\u00fang s\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u1edfng khoe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 v\u00e0 khen m\u00ecnh, n\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, l\u00f4i anh ra \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 n\u00ean sau khi ch\u1ebft anh sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c A-t\u1ef3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p ( ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao cho ta c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1? \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng gi\u00fap nhau h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ean d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c coi n\u00ean l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d[15]<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 T\u0103ng s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0: L\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t gia, l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1, l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y, l\u1ec5 ra h\u1ea1, l\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3&#8230; th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f2n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Rakkh\u0101ndriyasippa : Ngh\u1ec1 gi\u1eef l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u0101dhukasippa : [16] Ngh\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch [17].<\/p>\n<p>3. N\u0101n\u0101bh\u0101s\u0101kovidhasippa : [18] Ngh\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 Nam ph\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>4. Dhammaratasippa : [19] Ngh\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft th\u1ecfa th\u00edch. C\u00f3 10 ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd:<\/p>\n<p>a. S\u012bla: Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n<p>b. B\u0101husucca: H\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kaly\u0101 amitta: C\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<p>d. Sovacassat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. Dakkhat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eang n\u0103ng, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>e. Dhammak\u0101mat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>\u00ea. Viriya: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n<p>g. Santosa: [20] C\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p>h. Sati: C\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb (c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m).<\/p>\n<p>i. Sukhasikkh\u0101sippa : H\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Manussasukha : An vui trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Divasukha : An vui trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Jh\u0101nasukha : An vui c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vipassan\u0101sukha : An vui c\u1ee7a minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Maggasukha : An vui c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Phalasukha : An vui c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nibb\u0101nasukha : An vui c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u0101n\u0101sippanvisada: Ngh\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kulas\u012blasippa : Ngh\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u1edf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>7. Bh\u012btasippa : Ngh\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, r\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>8. Buddhasippam: Ngh\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Tam t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi [21] th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 an vui h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC IX<\/p>\n<p>Vinayo ca susikkhito: H\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt<br \/>\n(Kh\u00e9o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t lu\u1eadt nghi)<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong lu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n<p>1. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>3. Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>Ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt [22] l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m, do n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ra, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em an vui l\u1ea1i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do v\u1eady, lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, phe ph\u00e1i hay m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 hay nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 2 l\u1ed1i \u0111i l\u00e0: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y sanh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00fd chung chung; c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sanh ra trong c\u00f5i ta-b\u00e0 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ecdi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01a1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f2n tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc, gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o &#8211; th\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o &#8211; th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo duy v\u1eadt, theo ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft h\u01b0 v\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn! Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n thanh cao, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- No ce assa buddhi<\/p>\n<p>Vinayo v\u0101 susikkhito<\/p>\n<p>Vane andhamah\u012bsova<\/p>\n<p>Careyya b\u0101huko naro\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea7y b\u00f2 \u0111ui m\u00e0 \u0111i trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm.<\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o. Theo Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u00ec lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh chia ra l\u00e0m 2 b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ag\u0101riyavinaya: Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n<p>2. An\u0101gariyavinaya: Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i theo ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt cho h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129. Lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1eadp \u00e1c. Th\u1eadp \u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c chia ra l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c do th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra: S\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c do kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0: N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c do \u00fd (t\u00e2m) t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0: Tham lam th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>+ M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y xin l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. S\u00e1t sanh (P\u0101 \u0101tip\u0101t\u0101): L\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft hay l\u00e0 x\u00fai k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu gi\u1ebft th\u00fa nh\u1ecf, th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh s\u01a1 khai &#8211; th\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u00edt, c\u00f2n th\u00fa l\u1edbn, th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n &#8211; th\u00ec t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng; n\u1ebfu gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 5 chi ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; P\u0101 a: Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pansann\u012bta: Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh (C\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vadhakacitta : Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Upakkama: C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tena mara a : \u0110\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t sanh, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch [23].<\/p>\n<p>2. Tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp (Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101): C\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng cho m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u01b0\u1edbp hay l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 cho m\u00ecnh. T\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo c\u1ee7a \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao hay th\u1ea5p; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u \u00e1c hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m chi ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parapariggahita : T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parapariggahitasannit\u0101: Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Theyyacitta : Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Upakkama: T\u00ecm m\u01b0u k\u1ebf, c\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp v\u1eadt \u1ea5y cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tenahara a : \u0110\u00e3 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u01b0u k\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e0 d\u00e2m (K\u0101mesumicch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101): D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 k\u0101ma [24], ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfng n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 d\u00e2m. D\u00e2m c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sad\u0101rasantoso: \u0102n \u1edf v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parad\u0101ragamana: \u0102n \u1edf v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c (v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0 d\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1eb1ng ch\u00ea bai l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ea5m ph\u1ea1m d\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn 20 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Agamaniyatth\u0101na: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<p>1. M\u0101turakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn.<\/p>\n<p>2. Piturakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cha gi\u1eef g\u00ecn.<\/p>\n<p>3. M\u0101t\u0101piturakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn.<\/p>\n<p>4. Bh\u0101turakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 anh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t cha m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf v\u1edbi anh, anh c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>5. Bhagin\u012brakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ecb hay em g\u00e1i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>6. Natirakkhit\u0101 (?): Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>7. Gottarakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>8. Dhammarakkhit\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p g\u00ecn gi\u1eef &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia \u1edf trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o g\u00ecn gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>9. S\u0101rakkh\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i &#8211; &#8211; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>10. S\u0101pattika: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u1ebfn giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<p>11. Dhanakkita: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>12. Chandav\u0101sin\u012b [25]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo trai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>13. Bhogavas\u012b [26]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u01b0ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y \u01b0ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n d\u00f9 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>14. Pa avas\u012b [27]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u01b0ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec y ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>15. Odapattakini [28]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111em b\u00e0n tay m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, r\u1ed3i nh\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd chia r\u1ebd nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>16. Chatakumbhat\u0101. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111em v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>17. D\u0101s\u012b ca bhariy\u0101 ca: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1edb g\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>18. Kammak\u0101r\u012b ca bhariy\u0101 ca: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>19. Dhaj\u0101ha a: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb quan qu\u00e2n b\u1eaft v\u1ec1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u00f9 binh.<\/p>\n<p>20. Muhuttik\u0101 (?): Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam (nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 b\u00e9 th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd).<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn 20 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eef k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean; c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef khi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 20 h\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hai gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9, b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m c\u00f3 4 chi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Aga naniyavatthu (?): Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m (20 h\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tasmin sevanacitta : T\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sevanappayogo: C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Maggena maggappa ipatti adhiv\u0101san\u0101: \u0110\u00e3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ba gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, tuy \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd tham d\u1ef1 &#8211; nh\u01b0ng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n &#8211; th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p. Lu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 toan t\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c ch\u01b0a thi h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh h\u1ea1i \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i (v\u00ec s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m).<\/p>\n<p>4. N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101): Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do kh\u1ea9u (b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng) &#8211; m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n khi th\u00e2n, tay, ch\u00e2n ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng th\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ra, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn, do s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1i quanh &#8211; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i; b\u1eb1ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1t, c\u1ee9 n\u00edn th\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1i \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed9i, b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Attha vatthu: Chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n hay v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Visa v\u0101yamacitta : T\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tajjov\u0101yama: C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parassa tadatthavij\u0101n\u0101na : \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin theo, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, ly gi\u00e1n (Pisu \u0101ya v\u0101c\u0101ra): Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00e1m &#8211; th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01b0u toan l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111ang th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn nhau ph\u1ea3i chia r\u1ebd nhau, th\u00f9 o\u00e1n nhau cho b\u00f5 gh\u00e9t, cho \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n h\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7ng tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n b\u00ean kia. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pisu \u0101yav\u0101c\u0101ra, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, ly gi\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m chia r\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, chia r\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00edt, th\u00ec nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed9i, b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cao th\u00ec t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi c\u1ea3 (t\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp) th\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, ly gi\u00e1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bhinditabbo paro: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia r\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bhedapurekkh\u0101r\u0101t\u0101 v\u0101 piyakamyat\u0101: \u00dd mu\u1ed1n chia r\u1ebd, ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tajjo v\u0101yama: \u0110\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 chia r\u1ebd, ly gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tadatthavij\u0101n\u0101na : \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho hai b\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd gh\u00e9t nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 m\u01b0u toan ly gi\u00e1n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u00c1c ng\u1eef (Pharus\u0101ya v\u0101c\u0101ya): L\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cay \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, hung d\u1eef&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Khi ta gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a v\u00e0 tr\u00f9 \u1ebbo k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c cho b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ea5t danh gi\u00e1, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00e1c ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a con, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c ng\u1eef, v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a m\u00e0 trong l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho con b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n theo l\u1eddi r\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean kia c\u00e3i l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111i ch\u01a1i trong r\u1eebng, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 s\u1ee3 con b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi r\u1ee7a: \u201cM\u1ea7y \u0111i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng d\u1eef r\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00e0o r\u1eebng b\u1ecb tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng r\u01b0\u1ee3t thi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKhi t\u00f4i ra \u0111i, m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 r\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00e1c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft, t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft; b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 h\u0103m d\u1ecda cho t\u00f4i s\u1ee3, xin cho t\u00f4i tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean v\u1eeba d\u1ee9t nguy\u1ec7n, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 tr\u1edf lui kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u00e1c nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u00e1c ng\u1eef. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, hung d\u1eef ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ebfc m\u1eafng, nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c &#8211; n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m cho \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean, \u00e1c ng\u1eef v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, ngu si kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u00edt, b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u00c1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ba chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Akkositabbo: C\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ta ch\u1eedi, m\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kujjhanacitta : T\u00e2m ta gi\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Akkosan\u0101: \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a xong.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm (Samphappal\u0101pa): T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ba c\u00e1i chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0o lao, chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eady b\u1ea1, chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 \u00edch, chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>+ Gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o hai chi ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, v\u00f4 \u00edch. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft th\u00ec gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho vui &#8211; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ta gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea5t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9u, v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 4 t\u1ed9i: N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i ly gi\u00e1n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n<p>8. Tham lam qu\u00e1 (Abhijjh\u0101) : C\u00f3 hai chi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parabha a : C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Attano parin\u0101m\u0101nam (?): \u0110\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf \u0111em nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 cho m\u00ecnh &#8211; d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ta s\u1ebd \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 cho ta, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o chi ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ta ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta chi\u1ebfm cho k\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3n n\u1ea7y, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t g\u1eaft, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eaft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quan t\u00f2a x\u1eed t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng minh, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>9. O\u00e1n th\u00f9 (by\u0101vata) [29]: O\u00e1n th\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm th\u1ebf h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecm m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>+ O\u00e1n th\u00f9 c\u00f3 hai chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Parasaytto (?): T\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tasavin\u0101sacinto (?): Do o\u00e1n th\u00f9 n\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u01b0u h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>O\u00e1n th\u00f9 sanh l\u00ean b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn. Khi n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<p>10. T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (Micch\u0101di hi): S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i th\u1ebf cho m\u00ecnh, tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c cho ta ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea1t ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc theo ta nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng theo h\u00ecnh, h\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh cao th\u00ec b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p th\u00ec b\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 hai chi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vatthuni gahi ak\u0101ravipar\u012btatt\u0101: T\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p , ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u sai v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Yath\u0101 ca ta bandhati tath\u0101bh\u0101vena tassapatth\u0101na : Ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c do th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, t\u1ea1o ra; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u00e1ng h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia<\/p>\n<p>An\u0101g\u0101riyavinaya: N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong 227 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>227 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u00f9y theo s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng &#8211; th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng hay b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi chia ra l\u00e0m 7 ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>1. P\u0101r\u0101jika: B\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>2. Sa gh\u0101disesa: T\u0103ng t\u00e0n<\/p>\n<p>3. Thullacc\u0101ya: T\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n<p>4. P\u0101cittiya: \u01afng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>5. P\u0101 idesan\u012bya: \u01afng ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 (\u01afng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb)<\/p>\n<p>6. Dukka a: T\u00e1c \u00e1c<\/p>\n<p>7. Dubbh\u0101sita: \u00c1c ng\u1eef<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i; ph\u1ea1m t\u0103ng t\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u sau th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00e0n, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u sau, tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng ng\u0103n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: S\u0101pattikassa bhikkhaveniriya vad\u0101mi tiracch\u0101nayoniya , ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ea7y th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c hay s\u00fac sanh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 qu\u00ean s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o s\u00fac sanh.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa (Ca-di\u1ebfp) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong r\u1eebng t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n n\u0103m, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t trang nghi\u00eam. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111i ghe theo s\u00f4ng Ga g\u0101, t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh, ghe \u0111i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i mau, \u00f4ng kinh s\u1ee3, n\u00edu m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i tranh, m\u1ecdc n\u01a1i b\u1edd, r\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ee9t b\u1ee5i tranh; khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng qu\u00ean s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf th\u00f4i [30]. Khi s\u1eafp l\u00e2m chung, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u00e1 tranh \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e0o v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 \u00f4ng. Ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i thay, trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, n\u00ean \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u00e2n h\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng t\u1eaft h\u01a1i, sanh l\u00e0m v\u1ecb Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean Erakapatti &#8211; t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tam quy v\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gotama nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00f2n mang x\u00e1c th\u00e2n s\u00fac sanh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, v\u00ec d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i hay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd m\u00e0 l\u1ee1 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o d\u1ea7u th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng n\u00ean s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh thanh cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111i ngang qua x\u1ee9 Kosala, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 hoa, v\u00e0 trong hoa c\u00f3 l\u1eeda \u0111ang ch\u00e1y, xem th\u1eadt gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m cho th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n li\u1ec1n \u0111em h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u1eeda \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt d\u00e0i, d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u1ec1 l\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1eb1ng thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e2n t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 60 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u00e2n h\u1eadn, m\u1eeda m\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1i ra ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. 60 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m t\u0103ng t\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i, t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i 60 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y xin ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n 60 v\u1ecb n\u1eefa t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt trong s\u1ea1ch n\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u01a1 th\u1edbi, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ba t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu theo th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y th\u00ec 60 v\u1ecb ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 60 v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c, th\u00ec th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh \u00edt m\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u; v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft? Th\u1ebf l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u xa! \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam minh, chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sanh. N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00e0n \u1ea5y tha h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. Trong t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1nh h\u1ea1ng t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea5y gi\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i vui l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap cho kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi n\u00ean d\u00e2ng c\u00fang b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u s\u1ee3 c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i th\u00ec t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n 60 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m t\u0103ng t\u00e0n, sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m cho ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o hay bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng hay \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi. T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. P\u0101timokkhasa varas\u012bla: T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa; c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi hay l\u00e0 C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 227 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u [31] m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>2. Indriysa varas\u012bla: L\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0100j\u012bvap\u0101risuddhis\u012bla: Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>4. Paccayasannissitas\u012bla: Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>I. Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa, bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thu th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 227 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh theo cho th\u1eadt trong s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trau d\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh cho trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00f4ng nom s\u0103n s\u00f3c con m\u1eaft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong r\u1eebng b\u1ed7ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u1eaft ng\u00e0i, c\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y b\u1ed5 th\u1ea3o (?)- th\u1ee9 c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t &#8211; r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang b\u1ecf gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn truy n\u00e3 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y [32], s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m \u01afng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c. Th\u1ea7y cam ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y, r\u00e1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tham thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ebft ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eafc A-na-h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ca t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- P\u0101timokkha visodhento<\/p>\n<p>Appeva j\u012bvita jahe<\/p>\n<p>Pa\u00f1\u00f1atta lokan\u0101thena<\/p>\n<p>Nabhinde s\u012blasa vara \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u00e0nh theo Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Lokan\u0101tha (\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf) [33] \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Xem \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. T\u00f4i xin b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft y\u00eau s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ng\u00e0i th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u00fd nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a kinh s\u1ee3 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>G\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n \u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i noi theo, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>II. L\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi: Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng lung.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 6 n\u01a1i sanh ra c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u g\u00ecn gi\u1eef 6 c\u0103n \u1ea5y cho c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c [34]. Hai, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u00e0 d\u00f9ng mi\u1ebfng s\u1eaft b\u00e9n m\u00f3c v\u00e0o con m\u1eaft, d\u00f9ng dao th\u1eadt b\u00e9n n\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 tai, l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao th\u1eadt b\u00e9n c\u1eaft l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y &#8211; c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thu n\u1ea1p c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u00e2m v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u01a1m, ngon, m\u1ec1m d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng trong tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, khi ch\u1ebft th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y th\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00f2n h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf &#8211; b\u1eb1ng khi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u suy ngh\u0129 qu\u1ea5y, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i noi theo b\u00e0i kinh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 lo thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eebu (c\u1eebu) \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t hang n\u00fai g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh, trong b\u1ea7y \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mandam\u0101t\u0101. G\u1ea7n hang \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hang kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u00f3i \u1edf. S\u00f3i \u0111\u1ef1c t\u00ean P\u0101timansa, s\u00f3i c\u00e1i t\u00ean Veni, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft tr\u1eebu \u0103n. B\u1ea7y tr\u1eebu s\u1ee3 n\u00ean k\u00e9o nhau \u0111i xa n\u00ean v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u00f3i b\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbt. S\u00f3i \u0111\u1ef1c m\u1edbi b\u00e0n v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u00e0ng h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi con tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i Mandam\u0101t\u0101. Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, n\u00e0ng h\u00e3y than th\u1edf v\u1edbi tr\u1eebu: Ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9tm\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n th\u00f4i, v\u1eady xin b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap t\u00f4i an t\u00e1ng ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i. Ch\u1eebng khi tr\u1eebu Mandam\u0101t\u0101 \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd v\u1eadt n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt.\u201d S\u00f3i c\u00e1i y l\u1eddi, r\u1ee7 r\u00ea m\u00e3i m\u1edbi \u0111em tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i b\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc. S\u00f3i \u0111\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebft, khi nghe ti\u1ebfng v\u1ee3 v\u1ec1, s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee7 r\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i, ng\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean coi. Tr\u1eebu c\u00e1i tho\u00e1ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh tr\u00fang k\u1ebf, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t mau, s\u00f3i c\u00e1i gi\u1eadn m\u1eafng ch\u1ed3ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f9ng! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean xem, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u00edch n\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Na ak\u0101le vipekkheyya<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101le pekkheyya pa ito<\/p>\n<p>P\u016btimanso va jh\u0101yati<\/p>\n<p>Yo ak\u0101le vipekkhati!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: B\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem s\u1eafc trong l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean xem cho h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 s\u00f3i P\u016btimansa v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tai h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia n\u00ean r\u00e1ng thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>III. Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi: Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh y theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong b\u00e0i kinh Mah\u0101satipatthan\u0101sutta r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! H\u00e0ng Thinh V\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ed1 d\u1ee9t t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: T\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng c\u00fang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m t\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh (Gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd thu th\u00fac trang nghi\u00eam).<\/p>\n<p>2. Gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vui v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>3. N\u00f3i \u01b0\u1edbm.<\/p>\n<p>4. Gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 d\u1ecda h\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y \u0111em cho n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>6. Cho tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>7. Cho l\u00e1 c\u00e2y [35].<\/p>\n<p>8. Cho b\u00f4ng hoa.<\/p>\n<p>9. Cho c\u00e2y x\u1ec9a r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>10. Cho tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>11. Cho n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>12. Cho v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eafm (x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n<p>13. Cho v\u1eadt thoa d\u1ed3i (Khi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 xoa (thoa) trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a r\u00e9t cho kh\u1ecfi n\u1ee9t da).<\/p>\n<p>14. Cho \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>15. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh k\u1ebb th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>16. Th\u1eadt \u00edt d\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>17. Gi\u1eef con cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>18. L\u00e0m tay sai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>19. L\u00e0m th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>20. \u0110em tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>21. Ch\u1ecbu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>22. \u0110em c\u01a1m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cha m\u1eb9) \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>23. Cho \u0111i cho l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>24. Xem thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>25. Xem ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng sao h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>26. Xem tay, t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thai cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Trong 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t trong 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111au b\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi: \u201cKhi s\u01b0 huynh ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, g\u1eb7p c\u01a1n \u0111au b\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y, u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c chi m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0102n c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 (c\u01a1m n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i) th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi \u1ea5y, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1ch v\u1edbi b\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t. B\u00e0 n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean, c\u1ed1t \u00fd \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u1eb3n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra &#8211; th\u00ec \u0103n m\u00f3n c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3t, \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cRu\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9t ra t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chui ra v\u00e0 b\u00f2 nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m qua\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo lu\u1eadt, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ecd m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, song c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u00e0ng h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia n\u00ean noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eebng cho ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o 26 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>IV. Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh, khi d\u00f9ng, l\u00fac \u0111ang d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 khi d\u00f9ng xong v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n-na th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trong b\u00e0i kinh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef th\u00ec c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m duy\u00ean theo tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. (B\u00e0i kinh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong quy\u1ec3n Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng, xin mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ra n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y).<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn 15 n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eady c\u0169ng to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u bi\u1ebft y\u00eau k\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! T\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng sau\u201d. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i m\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a con ta, em ta, ch\u1ecb ta, anh ta, cha m\u1eb9 ta, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u1eabn cho ta nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u khi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n bi m\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0103n c\u1ee5c s\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 khi th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng lo qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sa-di Bh\u0101gineyyasangherakkhita: Upajjh\u0101yo mambhunjam\u0101na s\u0101likura sambhuta . Sabba savaparikkh\u012bno natthid\u0101ni punabbhavo.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0103n c\u01a1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t ngon, r\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa th\u00edch, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi k\u00eau t\u00f4i m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y sa-di, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. T\u00f4i nghe l\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y (nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 lo qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 ngay khi \u1ea5y). T\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng r\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Tasm\u0101 annopi dukkhassa<\/p>\n<p>Patthayanto parikkh\u0101ra<\/p>\n<p>Yoniso paccavekkhitv\u0101<\/p>\n<p>Pa isevethapaccave\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng sau.<\/p>\n<p>(Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm s\u00e2u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, xin xem Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng. Nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 n\u00ean h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai).<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC X<\/p>\n<p>Subh\u0101sit\u0101 ca y\u0101v\u0101c\u0101: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ngay th\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>(Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Subh\u0101sit\u0101 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef. V\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Subh\u0101sit\u0101 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e2y: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (\u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi).Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng \u201cCam ng\u00f4n m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb\u201d[36] \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong b\u00e0i kinh Subh\u0101sit\u0101 v\u1edbi \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! L\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n chi ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi subh\u0101sit\u0101; l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai ch\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n chi ph\u00e1p, \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1- N\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (subh\u0101sit\u0101), kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hay gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i (dubh\u0101sit\u0101).<\/p>\n<p>2- N\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>3- N\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>4- N\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi hoang \u0111\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang theo b\u1ed1n chi ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 subh\u0101sit\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u1e6c\u012bk\u0101 c\u1ee7a Saccakammadv\u0101rakath\u0101 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1n chi ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 subh\u0101sit\u0101:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi hung \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 subh\u0101sit\u0101 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i vu v\u01a1, n\u00f3i hung \u00e1c, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sanh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 &#8211; v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 subh\u0101sit\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Atthas\u0101lin\u012b n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00f3i l\u1eddi subh\u0101sit\u0101, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n; m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tri th\u1ee9c ng\u1ee3i khen.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i subh\u0101sit\u0101, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong Subh\u0101sit\u0101sutta r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! L\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m chi ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3isubh\u0101sit\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m chi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u0103m chi \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. N\u00f3i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>2. N\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>3. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt<\/p>\n<p>4. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb bi.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i n\u0103m chi ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean cho r\u00f5, nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>I. K\u0101lena ca bh\u0101sit\u0101 hoti: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem coi c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u1eafm khi n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 sai th\u1eddi (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a con r\u00f9a v\u00e0 hai con h\u1ea1c k\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- X\u01b0a kia c\u00f3 con r\u00f9a \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ao trong r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p h\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ao ki\u1ebfm \u0103n. R\u00f9a v\u00e0 h\u1ea1c l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m quen nhau v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n. R\u00f9a m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi th\u0103m ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1c, bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u00ean r\u1eebng, t\u1ea1i Hy-m\u00e3-l\u1ea1p s\u01a1n. R\u00f9a mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m x\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf \u0111em ra b\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p h\u1ea1c. C\u1eb7p h\u1ea1c ng\u1eadm hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f9a ng\u1eadm \u1edf gi\u1eefa, c\u1eb7p h\u1ea1c bay \u0111i th\u00ec mang r\u00f9a \u0111i. C\u1eb7p h\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKhi nghe th\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u1ea1, anh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i, h\u1ecfi chi c\u1ea3\u201d. R\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ea1c bay ngang qua th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, tr\u1ebb con th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 m\u1edbi la l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCoi con r\u00f9a bi\u1ebft bay\u201d. R\u00f9a ta quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u1ea1n khi\u00eang, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba h\u00e9 mi\u1ec7ng, n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n t\u00e9 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebft ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1ecbp, tay ch\u1ec9 con r\u00f9a, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi vua r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y th\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi nh\u1eafc s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u1ea7y xong, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng: V\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, t\u00f9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean xem g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 r\u0103n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i, h\u00e3y n\u00edn thinh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00ean n\u00edn thinh, d\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Cho d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 \u00edch. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f9a n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb c\u00e2u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y: \u201cC\u00e2m \u0111i c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>II. Sacca ca bh\u0101sit\u0101 hoti: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt tuy r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng gom l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o, n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ta, v\u1eady l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. Hai, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0: \u0110\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, n\u00e0o gi\u00e0, n\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh, n\u00e0o ch\u1ebft; ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00e0, s\u1ebd b\u1ec7nh, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf che \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1i gi\u00e0, t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang trong l\u1ea1c th\u00fa ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eed th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang sanh ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt &#8211; \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 8 v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n [37], to\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m quan t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo &#8211; qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cSacca va amattav\u0101c\u0101: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>III. Sa ha ca v\u0101c\u0101: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe x\u1ed1n tai, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nham hi\u1ec3m, tuy h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i l\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, nghe nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ng\u1ecdt &#8211; m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i m\u1ec9a mai, cay \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m nh\u1ee9c \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe &#8211; l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt. Bao gi\u1edd l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt, \u00eam \u00e1i, m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au &#8211; l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Sa ha ca v\u0101c\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai \u01b0a nghe l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ec9, ch\u1eb3ng ai \u01b0a b\u1ecb m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00f4 b\u1ec9, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- T\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Takkasil\u0101, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c t\u00ean Nandaviv\u0101la, th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 con. B\u00f2 l\u1edbn l\u00ean, c\u1ea3m m\u1ebfn \u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p ngh\u0129a n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: B\u00f2 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u1ed7 xe ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3. V\u1eady t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng\u201d. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n y l\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kia \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng! B\u1eaft \u00e1ch con b\u00f2 xong, th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n m\u1edbi h\u00e9t to l\u00ean: \u201cCon b\u00f2 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea7m, h\u00e3y k\u00e9o \u0111i\u201d. B\u00f2 Nandaviv\u0101la nghe l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 \u1ea5y c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o xe \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 thua c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 cho b\u00f5 t\u1ee9c! Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n thua cu\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t d\u00e0u d\u00e0u! Con b\u00f2 th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n ngh\u0129a cho ch\u1ee7 &#8211; m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea7m!\u201d Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh sai n\u00ean m\u1edf l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i. B\u00f2 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf: \u201cTh\u00f4i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ee7 h\u00e3y c\u00e1 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u1eefa\u201d. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n y l\u1eddi. B\u1eaft \u00e1ch xong, th\u1ea7y vu\u1ed1t ve b\u00f2 Nandaviv\u0101la v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCon \u01a1i, con r\u00e1ng k\u00e9o xe cho cha, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 cho cha l\u1eafm\u201d. B\u00f2 nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi trong l\u00f2ng k\u00e9o tr\u0103m c\u1ed7 xe \u0111i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la- m\u00f4n th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n l\u1eabn l\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u1eafc xong t\u00edch n\u1ea7y r\u1ed3i cho bi\u1ebft b\u00f2 Nandiviv\u0101la l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nhi\u1ebfc m\u1eafng, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1, th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u01b0a th\u00edch. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201cBao gi\u1edd ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Khi th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng con b\u00f2 Nandaviv\u0101la, n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n k\u00e9o n\u1ed5i xe n\u1eb7ng gi\u00fap th\u1ea7y th\u1eafng c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, lo\u00e0i th\u00fa, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n thay; v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt. L\u1eafm l\u00fac c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u00edch cho ta m\u00e0 khi nghe ta n\u00f3i l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n<p>IV. Atthasa hit\u0101 ca bh\u0101sit\u0101 hoti: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c cho ai, c\u00f2n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>V. Mett\u0101cittena ca bh\u0101sit\u0101 hoti: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd bi\u1ebfm nh\u1ebb, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ti\u1ebfng subh\u0101sit\u0101 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m chi ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m chi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi subh\u0101sit\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb t\u00f4i xin t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac: K\u0101la &#8211; th\u1eddi; sacca &#8211; ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i: Sa ha &#8211; d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt; atthasa hit\u0101 &#8211; c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0nh: Mett\u0101 &#8211; t\u00e2m t\u1eeb; karu \u0101 &#8211; t\u00e2m bi (C\u1ea3 hai t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngay th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0nh, n\u1ed9i dung n\u00f3i l\u00e0nh, h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y o\u00e1n chu\u1ed1c h\u1eddn &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 do oan c\u1eebu nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh n\u00ean h\u1ecdc theo n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i t\u00e1c \u00fd, v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3, n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, l\u1ee3i hay h\u1ea1i &#8211; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 5 chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ L\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fac khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i b\u00ean ta, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i ta.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1eeb b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc cao l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc mong.<\/p>\n<p>7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>[1] 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean t\u00f4n k\u00ednh: 1- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (satthug\u0101ravat\u0101). 2- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p (dhammag\u0101ravat\u0101). 3- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u0103ng (saghag\u0101ravat\u0101). 4- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc (sikkhag\u0101ravat\u0101). 5- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (appam\u0101dag\u0101ravat\u0101). 6- T\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i &#8211; ph\u00e1p &#8211; (pa isanth\u0101g\u0101ravat\u0101).<\/p>\n<p>[2] Th\u1ea5t b\u1eedu: T\u00edn (saddh\u0101), gi\u1edbi (s\u012bla), t\u00e0m (hiri), qu\u00fd (ottappa), \u0111a v\u0103n (b\u0101husacca), th\u00ed (c\u0101ga), tu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101).<\/p>\n<p>[3] 10 ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a: Gi\u1edbi (s\u012bla), \u0111a v\u0103n (b\u0101husacca), c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh (kaly\u0101 amittat\u0101), thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (kikara \u012byesudakkhat\u0101), d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y (sovacassat\u0101), t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p (dhammak\u0101mat\u0101), tinh c\u1ea7n (viriyarambha), tri t\u00fac (santu h\u012b), ni\u1ec7m (sati), tu\u1ec7 (pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101).<\/p>\n<p>[4] Theo Ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 th\u00ec 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ( Pariyattisaddhamma), th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh (Pa ipattisaddhamma) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh (Pa ivedhasaddhamma).<\/p>\n<p>[5] T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0110a v\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>[7] T\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0u l\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<p>[8] Suy t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Kh\u00e9o th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp tri ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>[11] C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 4 ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ( Vu hidhamma) hay l\u00e0 4 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101vu hi): M\u1ed9t, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed (Sappurisasamseva); Hai, nghe ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed (Sadhammassavana); Ba, kh\u00e9o nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd (Yonisomanasik\u0101ra); B\u1ed1n, h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 (Dhamm\u0101nudhammapatipatti).<\/p>\n<p>[12] Sippa: D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tinh, kh\u00e9o, gi\u1ecfi n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n ghi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>[13] Th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh), c\u00f2n ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh &#8211; ch\u1ec9 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p! S\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hay l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng!<\/p>\n<p>[14] Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: Ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o gi\u1ecfi, thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00e0i b\u00fang ph\u1ea9n d\u00ea m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c vua cho h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 4 l\u00e0ng!<\/p>\n<p>[15] Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ghi t\u00ean kinh, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng P\u0101\u1e37i sai l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ra, n\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf!<\/p>\n<p>[16] L\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00e9o, gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p>[17] Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch: Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y (di hadhammikattha); t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eddi sau (sampar\u0101yikittha); ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ed1i cao &#8211; h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (paramattha). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c: T\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i (attattha), l\u1ee3i tha (parattha) v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 hai (ubhayattha).<\/p>\n<p>[18] Th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>[19] Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>[20] Vui v\u1ebb, v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>[21] D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 tinh, kh\u00e9o, gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (Tr\u00e1nh 5 ngh\u1ec1: S\u00e1t sanh, h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt; bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say; bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em; bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed; bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n<p>[22] Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n<p>[23] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, k\u1ebft t\u1eadp s\u01b0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 sau &#8211; ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra, l\u00fac kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m gi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 5 chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng. V\u1eady, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi, hai chi trong 5 chi ph\u1ea7n &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a gi\u1ebft, tuy \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i &#8211; th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft, b\u1ecb th\u1ee7ng, b\u1ecb v\u00e1, b\u1ecb r\u1ed5&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[24] Ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, so s\u00e1nh: K\u0101ma: ham th\u00edch, th\u1ecfa th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. Chanda: \u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n \u0103n, kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng- ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Ta h\u0101: D\u1ee5c \u00e1i, kh\u00e1t \u00e1i (Chung v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i). R\u0101ga: Ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>[25] Chanda l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n; v\u0101sin\u012b l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00ean t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a &#8211; v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>[26] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Bhoga l\u00e0 v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu; vas\u012b l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cai qu\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>[27] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Pa a l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c; vas\u012b (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eafm sanh cho n\u1eef trang v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>[28] C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Odapatta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tay v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u00e1t); c\u00f2n kini ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kin\u0101ti ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua.<\/p>\n<p>[29] C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eadn (Pa igha).<\/p>\n<p>[30] C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng: L\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a l\u0169, c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o &#8211; n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y sinh ra b\u1ea5t an ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t an, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e2m chung, th\u00e1c sanh l\u00e0m Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/p>\n<p>[31] Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ghi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n, t\u00f4i nhu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i &#8211; m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc&#8230; b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>[32] Ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u1ed1c &#8211; v\u00ec s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ee9t l\u00eca \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n<p>[33] Loka l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian, Lokan\u0101tha l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gian, ch\u00faa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi &#8211; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (s\u1ee3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n &#8211; nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ky T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o) m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u00fd l\u00e0 B\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y Th\u1ebf Gian, \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Th\u1ebf Gian &#8211; n\u00f3 \u1ed5n h\u01a1n &#8211; v\u00ec m\u1ed7i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ri\u00eang, t\u00f4n danh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>[34] T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>[35] T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 14 &#8211; do s\u1ee3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u201ct\u1ea1i sao tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 th\u1ebf\u201dn\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch: Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cth\u1ea3 t\u00e9p c\u00e2u t\u00f4m\u201d. T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tam B\u1ea3o &#8211; n\u1ebfu \u0111em cho k\u1ebb th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 que t\u0103m, c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng, do T\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>[36] Cam ng\u00f4n: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt, b\u00f9i tai, \u00eam tai. M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb: D\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u1ed1t (C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1i ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9).<\/p>\n<p>[37] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 kinh v\u0103n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Th\u1eadt ra, theo Therav\u0101da, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 84 ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n &#8211; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 84 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p: Abhidhamma c\u00f3 42 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p, Kinh c\u00f3 21 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 21 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N IV<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XI<\/p>\n<p>M\u0101t\u0101-pitu upa h\u0101na : N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb9 cha<\/p>\n<p>(Hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn b\u1eadc sinh th\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb I t\u1edbi X d\u1ea1y ta t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n cho m\u00ecnh. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XI tr\u1edf \u0111i, d\u1ea1y ta nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- M\u0101t\u0101-pitu upa h\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>Putta-d\u0101rassa sagaho<\/p>\n<p>An\u0101kul\u0101ca kammant\u0101<\/p>\n<p>Eta magalamuttama \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>(Hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn b\u1eadc sinh th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con<\/p>\n<p>S\u1edf h\u00e0nh theo nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng)[i]<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 m\u1eb9 cha. N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 con v\u00e0 v\u1ee3. N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>3 \u0111i\u1ec1u trong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ta \u0111em an vui \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta, \u1edf chung quanh ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n ta h\u01a1n h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf xa ta sau. M\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ee9t? G\u1ea7n ta nh\u1ee9t, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 hai l\u00e0 cha, ba l\u00e0 con, b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XI n\u1ea7y, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu \u00fd m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9, cha, con, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u1ee3?<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i s\u1eafp m\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cha? Con tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ee3? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u01a1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi cha hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra tranh c\u00e3i, tranh bi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u01a1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cha, v\u00ec mang n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebb \u0111au; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nu\u00f4i b\u00fa m\u1edbm v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cha. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u01a1n cha tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u01a1n m\u1eb9, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, theo ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n cha! V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng ba th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao si\u00eau, m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn [ii] \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, cha c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con! B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng s\u1eafp th\u0103ng h\u00e0, ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n 7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 tay ng\u00e0i t\u1ea9m li\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec1 vai khi\u00eang quan t\u00e0i khi \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0-t\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<p>Hai l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o trong hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay \u00edt h\u01a1n; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn!<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 hai \u0111\u1ea5ng sinh th\u00e0nh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u0103n, c\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i nghe ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-h\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00f4i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, do h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00e2n s\u1eafc t\u1ebf vi, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb &#8211; n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee3i vua cha khi g\u1ea7n th\u0103ng h\u00e0 ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam [iii] h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 cha \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho cha nghe tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ea5y &#8211; v\u00ec v\u1ed1n b\u1eadc \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean n\u00e0o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3! N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi th\u00ec d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1eeba, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, cao hay th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9. D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 cha hay m\u1eb9, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, n\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 duy\u00ean, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng &#8211; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n hung t\u00e0n nh\u1ee9t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y, t\u00ean A gulim\u0101la (V\u00f4 N\u00e3o) \u0111\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ba do tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n, th\u00f9; ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 do n\u01a1i c\u0103n c\u01a1 v\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 m\u1eb9, cha?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, l\u00e0 ta n\u00ean \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n ta h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ai c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb9 ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n ta h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. B\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ta g\u1ea7n m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ta m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng m\u1eb9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng cha. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh nh\u1ee9t, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1ea5t. Theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u00ec gi\u00fap l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m con ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 lo \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sanh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Sonapa ita, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y trong b\u1ed9 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sonananda, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCha, m\u1eb9 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con. Khi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u00ecnh th\u1ecd thai, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft m\u1eb7t con ra sao, trai hay g\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2ng v\u1eabn b\u0103n kho\u0103n lo s\u1ee3, h\u1eb1ng van v\u00e1i thai b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, b\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i coi b\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft con trai hay con g\u00e1i r\u1ed3i coi n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y sanh c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u00ecm h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh coi khi c\u00f3 thai ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eang c\u1eed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, \u01b0\u1edbc mong v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n xin cho sanh qu\u00ed t\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 cho cha m\u1eb9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u1ed1m ngh\u00e9n. B\u1ec7nh \u1ed1m ngh\u00e9n l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e8m nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u00e0 khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 thai th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n \u1ed1m ngh\u00e9n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ee9c vua B\u00ecnh-sa v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Bimbis\u0101ra), khi c\u00f3 thai th\u00e1i t\u1eed A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf (Aj\u0101tasatthu). B\u00e0 th\u00e8m u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua, v\u00e0 v\u00ec bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i sinh ra \u1ed1m g\u1ea7y, suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c vua th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf, ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u00e0 m\u1edbi d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u1ecb vua h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng con n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u, li\u1ec1n r\u00fat g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ang \u0111eo b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, x\u1ebb ch\u00fat b\u1eafp v\u1ebf cho ra huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ee3 u\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00e8m u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u nh\u00e0 vua n\u1eefa. Tin n\u1ea7y th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn tai tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1m, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, sau n\u1ea7y th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft vua, n\u00ean h\u1ecd khuy\u00ean vua n\u00ean gi\u1ebft \u0111i hay \u0111em qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf l\u00fac n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng cha th\u01b0\u01a1ng con kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn, n\u00ean vua v\u1eabn nu\u00f4i con nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201caj\u0101tasatthu\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sanh. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y th\u00e1i t\u1eed gi\u1ebft cha v\u00e0 giam m\u1eb9!<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc t\u00edch n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng con c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 ai h\u01a1n ai.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, mang n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebb \u0111au m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, s\u0103n s\u00f3c khi con c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. Khi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nghe con kh\u00f3c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt b\u1ed3ng \u1eb5m v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 ch\u1eb3ng lu\u1eadn ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, s\u1edbm khuya, tr\u01b0a t\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu d\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng n\u00edn b\u00e0 cho b\u00fa, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm th\u1ebf d\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi con n\u00edn m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 posenti ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bi\u1ebft v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1, s\u0103n s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n trong thai nhi \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong Majjhimanik\u0101ya c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi v\u1eeba th\u1ecd thai b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thai b\u00e0o, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng cha th\u00ec lo thang thu\u1ed1c, c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u1ea7y! B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u0103n s\u00f3c con, kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0i c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nhen n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi; ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang s\u1edbt m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft cho con, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng lo cho con khi c\u00f2n trong thai, m\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eeba sanh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cha h\u1eb1ng lo l\u1eafng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi th\u00f4i! \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cha khi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con, th\u00ec hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 cho con, l\u1eafm khi v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng con m\u00e0 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n nu\u00f4i con, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho con v\u1ec1 sau. Khi n\u00e0o con \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ec5, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3, d\u1ef1a c\u1eeda ng\u00f3ng tr\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3 con g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cUbhopi ce te brahm\u0101 pubbadev\u0101 pubbac\u0101riy\u0101 ahuneyyati ca vuccati\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ban cho b\u1ed1n h\u1ed3ng danh l\u00e0: Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ecb t\u00f4n s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>* H\u1ed3ng danh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t: Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed, \u00fd n\u00f3i cha m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0i kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, v\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m cao qu\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ed1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 mett\u0101 &#8211; t\u1eeb; karu \u0101 &#8211; bi; mudit\u0101 &#8211; h\u1ec9; upekkh\u0101 &#8211; x\u1ea3. B\u1ed1n t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y [iv]gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u1edf trong cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ban b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn con, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u con \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean quan to, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3; v\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi cho cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ed3ng danh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh th\u1ecd thai. Ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi \u1ea5y, cha m\u1eb9 lo l\u1eafng mong th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t con, mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft coi con \u1ea5y l\u00e0 trai hay g\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. H\u1eb1ng mong cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t. Suy t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m bi c\u00f3, t\u1eeb khi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u1eeba sanh con ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u trong khi \u1ea5y m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng khi nghe ti\u1ebfng con kh\u00f3c, m\u1eb9 x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con, lo ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn con, th\u01b0\u01a1ng con v\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con. L\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 cha th\u01b0\u01a1ng con v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn \u1ea5y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn n\u00e0o m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 cho xi\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m h\u1ec9 c\u00f3, t\u1eeb khi con v\u1eeba bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn khi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft. Cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ea5y con c\u00e0ng an vui c\u00e0ng m\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho con th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cha m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft ganh t\u1ecb v\u1edbi con v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u con c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9 hay kh\u00f4ng, cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng than van phi\u1ec1n tr\u00e1ch. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 m\u1eebng vui v\u1edbi con n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00ean, khi con kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u hay ngh\u00e8o ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cha m\u1eb9, cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi \u1edf con. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u con c\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha m\u1eb9 v\u1eabn vui l\u00f2ng tha th\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng k\u1ebb l\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>* H\u1ed3ng danh th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1ea1i cho con, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tin \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean; v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con.<\/p>\n<p>* H\u1ed3ng danh th\u1ee9 ba: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u00f4n s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eeb \u0103n, ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u00f4n s\u01b0 sau n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a con.<\/p>\n<p>* H\u1ed3ng danh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 lo cho con c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 cho tr\u00f2n ch\u1eef hi\u1ebfu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng lo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfu, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed3ng hay v\u1ee3; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o. Con c\u00e1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu th\u00ec c\u00f2n thua c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9a con trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Theo Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh, thu\u1edf n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c &#8211; khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la m\u00f4n r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 coi s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u0103m con d\u00e2u nghe v\u1eady m\u1edbi b\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNay cha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay phi\u00ean nhau s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho cha, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n sao?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u cha, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1. \u00d4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng chia c\u1ee7a ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n cho n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1eadu v\u1edbi n\u0103m con, h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m c\u00f4 con d\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ebf, sau l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n phai l\u1ee3t; sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng lo s\u0103n s\u00f3c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ea5t h\u1ee7i \u1ea5y n\u00ean b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i xin \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00f3 ch\u1ee3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169, b\u00e8n thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 xin ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Bi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00eam r\u1eb1m c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn nghe ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n b\u1ecb h\u1eaft h\u1ee7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c (P\u0101senadi). Sau khi d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111i ra. \u00d4ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cXin qu\u00fd v\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n-na th\u00ed ch\u1ee7, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u00e3o b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd qu\u00ed v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 trong th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. H\u00f4m nay, gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xin \u0103n. Th\u1eadt ra gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 con, m\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y g\u1eady n\u00e0y; v\u00ec c\u00e2y g\u1eady n\u00e0y, gi\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i, ng\u1eeba l\u00fac ch\u00e2n run, tay y\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e8o; c\u00f2n con c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1ee7a cho, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u00e0 \u0111i xin \u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01a1i \u1ea5y nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 con \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c vua v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ph\u1eabn, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng xin tha t\u1ed9i cho. N\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9a con \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cha, b\u00e8n \u0103n n\u0103n, xin \u0111em \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Khi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2u t\u1ecf v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng th\u00ec c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n ra \u0111i, ch\u1ee9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a cha ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m con kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9, hay ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f2n thua c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0103n c\u1ecf! V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tuy ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 an vui l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea5y\u201d. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con k\u00ean k\u00ean r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9. Cha m\u1eb9 k\u00ean k\u00ean v\u00ec gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd con \u0111i ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111em c\u1ecf r\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 cho \u1edf. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd k\u00ean k\u00ean con \u0111i ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed3i, r\u1ee7i m\u1eafc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. K\u00ean k\u00ean kh\u00f3c. Anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, k\u00ean k\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eaft r\u1ea5t t\u1ecf, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u1eed thi \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ta, ng\u1ed1c th\u1ebf!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ean k\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ea7y anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft! N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean ta, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ta c\u00f3 m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i lo ki\u1ebfm \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 m\u00f9 l\u00f2a n\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n nghe v\u1eady, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m k\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ebfn y\u00eau \u2013 v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, k\u00ean k\u00ean n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u00f3i kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5ng hi\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9 n\u1eefa, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng &#8211; ben th\u1ea3 k\u00ean k\u00ean ra. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3, k\u00ean k\u00ean l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9. K\u00ean k\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh Br\u0101hmasutta, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u01a1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi con n\u00e0o c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu, th\u00e2u ph\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u00e2u b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho cha m\u1eb9 cai tr\u1ecb, h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t r\u1ed3i &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u01a1n sanh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 lo ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho cha m\u1eb9, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo cho cha m\u1eb9 ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00f4i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, d\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ecb, v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao sang, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 vay, sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5? V\u1eady, ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m sao cho cha m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, hay l\u00e0m sao cho cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p [v] n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>1. Saddha: \u0110\u1ee9c tin, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tin tam b\u1ea3o, tin nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u0101ga: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed hay d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tham lam, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5(\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ed9 ph\u00ed theo v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai).<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u012bla: Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c (n\u0103m gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<p>4. Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0m, dung t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng th\u00ec b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u01a1n sanh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi c\u00f2n cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n trong nh\u00e0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n trong nh\u00e0 v\u1eady. Theo \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u1eady c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u1ea3i lo ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (l\u00e0 nh\u00e0). Ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eafp l\u1ea1nh, s\u1edbm th\u0103m t\u1ed1i vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c hai th\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng &#8211; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf cha m\u1eb9 lo cho ta v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh ch\u0103m nom, s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho cha m\u1eb9 khi tr\u00e1i gi\u00f3, tr\u1edf tr\u1eddi, l\u00fac b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, \u1ed1m \u0111au.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho cha m\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u00f4 l\u1ec5 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>2. R\u00e1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn thanh danh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi coi th\u01b0\u1eddng, khinh b\u1ec9; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m sao cho thanh danh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd k\u00ednh, ca t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>3. R\u00e1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng gia t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Khi cha m\u1eb9 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi Tam B\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o &#8211; th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u00ean nh\u1edd c\u00e1c<\/p>\n<p>b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng hay c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<p>\u0111\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 cha m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u00cdt l\u1eafm c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ecd tam qui, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>6. D\u1eabn d\u1eaft cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a nghe ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro, kinh s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tai n\u1ea1n, h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>4. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c do c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hay vua ch\u00faa ban t\u1eb7ng cho.<\/p>\n<p>5. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n cao ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>6. H\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee3i khen c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>7. S\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00e1m h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>8. Khi c\u00f3 b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p>9. Sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>10. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo duy\u00ean Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>11. \u0110i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XII<\/p>\n<p>Putta sagaho: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 con c\u00e1i<\/p>\n<p>(D\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 con c\u00e1i)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef putta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 con, con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, putta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef g\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0m con mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft cha m\u1eb9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, tu h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Putta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, thanh cao &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u1ea3o hay l\u00e0 con qu\u00fd, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Putta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m cho cha m\u1eb9 vui l\u00f2ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con lo ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9, l\u00e0m cho cha m\u1eb9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Putta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 h\u1eb1ng lo tr\u00f4ng nom t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n \u1edf trong thai b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong T\u00fac Sanh truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng con:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Antev\u0101sika: \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 (Con tinh th\u1ea7n)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dinnako: Con nu\u00f4i, con \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Atrajo: Con \u0111\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia xem th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 cha tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c cung k\u00ednh; v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng lo d\u00ecu d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n con nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9, th\u00ec con n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>+ Con \u0111\u1ebb c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1\/- Abhij\u0101taputta: Con cao h\u01a1n cha m\u1eb9. \u00dd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, nhi\u1ec1u duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh h\u01a1n cha m\u1eb9. T\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 sanh ra, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m vui h\u01a1n. Khi n\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean, m\u1ecdi danh ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cha m\u1eb9 &#8211; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho cha m\u1eb9, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01a1m l\u00e2y danh th\u01a1m, ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>2\/- Anuj\u0101taputta: Con ngang b\u1eb1ng cha m\u1eb9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eadc trung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, duy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i gia s\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng thanh danh gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>3\/- Avaj\u0101taputta: Con th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cha m\u1eb9. H\u1ea1ng con n\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi sanh ra \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cha m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 x\u00e0i ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi d\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng. Khi \u0111\u1ee9a con n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho cha m\u1eb9 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t con n\u00ean hay con h\u01b0; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i con, do nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ph\u00e0m l\u00e0m cho cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y con t\u1eeb thu\u1edf c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh, b\u00e0i S\u012bg\u0101lov\u0101da-sutta (Kinh Thi-ca-la-vi\u1ec7t) c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. P\u0101pa niv\u0101renti: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng cho con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kayane sikkh\u0101penti: D\u1ea1y con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Sippa sikkh\u0101penti: Cho con h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>4. Pa irupena dharena sannosenti: D\u1ef1ng v\u1ee3 g\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng cho con v\u1edbi n\u01a1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>5. Samaye dayajjaha niyyadenti: Chia gia t\u00e0i cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>(1) Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho con l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i: \u00dd n\u00f3i khi cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ea5y con b\u00ea tha, kh\u00f4ng lo h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111i theo b\u1ea1n \u00e1c, th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a con \u0111i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o cho xa b\u1ea1n \u00e1c. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan! Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 l\u1eafm tr\u1ebb em, khi cha m\u1eb9 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nghe m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cha m\u1eb9 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1eafm gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y d\u1ea1y con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed, b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1i ho\u00e0i t\u1edbi, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee9a con \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba con c\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi sa v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady, cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ebb. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui, n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n con, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, quen s\u1ed1ng trong n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n con c\u00e1i th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb, n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng; l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tha h\u00f3a, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. V\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eebng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft con c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. N\u00ean kh\u01a1i m\u1edf, g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho con c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n. L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean la m\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u01b0\u1edfi d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch! Ngo\u00e0i ra, cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u00ec gi\u1edd g\u1ea7n g\u0169i con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m t\u01b0, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng an b\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng con c\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1, nhu c\u1ea7u, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb; n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim linh m\u1eabn n\u1eefa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n \u0111a \u0111oan v\u00e0 nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 &#8211; v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng &#8211; cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u01b0u l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb la m\u1eafng n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho con c\u00e1i. Ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y l\u00fac, t\u00f9y khi r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n &#8211; m\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111em \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00ecnh soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho con v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a con.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4, c\u00e1c c\u1eadu c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 con c\u00e1i &#8211; th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ch\u00fang m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9. D\u1eabu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n, ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0ng cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t n\u00fai r\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng!<\/p>\n<p>(2) D\u1ea1y con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ea1m chia c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ed9t, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0: C\u1ee9u t\u1ebf, ch\u1ea9n b\u1ea7n; gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f4 nhi, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5; chia s\u1ebb thi\u00ean tai, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t; b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hai, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<p>1. Mett\u0101-karu \u0101: C\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi. T\u1eeb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n; mong cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Bi l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh; kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Samm\u0101jivit\u0101: Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ebfp sinh s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i [vi].<\/p>\n<p>3. Satisa vara: Ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, thu th\u00fac gi\u1eef t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cho sa ng\u00e3 theo ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>4. Sacca: N\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh theo l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>5. Appam\u0101do: Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ec5 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 lo cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. Cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng con v\u00e0 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn cha m\u1eb9, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c d\u1ea1y con sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai t\u00ean l\u00e0 K\u0101la. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, thi\u00ean t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a con v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m lo bu\u1ed3n. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9, \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o con r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu con ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef &#8211; th\u00ec cha s\u1ebd cho con m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi cho c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng r\u1ed3i h\u00ed h\u1eedng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0u k\u1ebf, l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 k\u00eau con l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu con ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 con nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1edfng cho con m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00ec ham ti\u1ec1n, n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111i nghe ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea7m b\u1ea3o b\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00f4i r\u1ed3i ta r\u00fat lui kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 g\u00ec\u201d. Khi K\u0101la v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, c\u1eadu c\u1ed1 nghe v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ra v\u1ec1 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 do oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. C\u1eadu l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh n\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe, \u0111\u1eb7ng nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft; ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y trong ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tay t\u1eed th\u1ea7n. C\u1eadu K\u0101la hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m kinh s\u1ee3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt ki\u1ebft s\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n..<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, ch\u00e0ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a cha, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ra, s\u1ee3 cha nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi k\u00eau con ra l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft K\u0101la \u0111ang l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ecb, cao h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 an vui trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho d\u1eabu n\u1eafm t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 &#8211; \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0m Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng &#8211; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong tam gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n &#8211; th\u00ec v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, ng\u1ecdc ng\u00e0, ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi K\u0101la kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec m\u1edbi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng lo cho con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo cho ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>(3) Cho con h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1: Ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i lo cho con h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 theo ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng. Cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean giao ph\u00f3 con cho nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi. V\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1eafm c\u1eadu mang s\u00e1ch ra \u0111i nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111i ch\u01a1i th\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong th\u1eddi gian con c\u00e1i \u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m theo d\u00f5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 &#8211; r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p cho ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ee9a hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i th\u00ec khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng y, b\u00e1c s\u0129. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9a chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, \u0111oan nghi\u00eam, n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp th\u00ec khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9a gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n, gi\u1ecfi l\u00fd th\u00ec ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, tr\u00e1i tim qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u00ec n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>(4) D\u1ef1ng v\u1ee3 g\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng cho con: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lo tr\u00f2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho con, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con m\u00ecnh. Chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i trong th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c cho ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9. V\u00ec c\u00f3 khi cha m\u1eb9 \u01b0ng \u00fd ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 con kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn \u00fd trung nh\u00e2n cho m\u00ecnh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>a. Khi cha m\u1eb9 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con &#8211; th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i hay c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n<p>b. Cha m\u1eb9 hay con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng v\u1ee3 g\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng?<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y trong kinh, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y cha m\u1eb9 n\u00ean lo \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t cho con, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho ch\u00fang, v\u00ec c\u00e1c con c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng cha m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con. Ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 cho con suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea7n con ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean v\u00ec l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ee9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>(5) Chia gia t\u00e0i cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang khi: L\u00e0m con n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng con c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y cao qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh d\u1ee5m chia cho c\u00e1c con l\u00fac ch\u00fang r\u1eddi xa cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gia t\u00e0i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gia t\u00e0i tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec trong gia t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a bi\u1ebft bao m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9!<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eaft d\u1eabn con ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. D\u1eaft d\u1eabn con v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a nghe gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp cho n\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u1eadp con bi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u1eadp con l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u1eadp con ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, tham thi\u1ec1n (ho\u1eb7c tu ch\u1ec9, qu\u00e1n)<\/p>\n<p>5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean cho con xu\u1ea5t gia n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n (t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i) [vii].<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 con c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u1ea1o cho con th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u1ea1o cho con th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u1ea1o cho con m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft sau n\u00e0y noi theo.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0m cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch [viii].<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con m\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1eddi b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o cho con n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p>9. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ca t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XIII<\/p>\n<p>D\u0101rassa sagaho: Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui hay kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0 x\u1eed, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n sa gaha c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3, t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 , ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9; \u00fd n\u00f3i, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch chia ng\u1ecdt s\u1ebb b\u00f9i, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ee3 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, an vui cho v\u1ee3 t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n! Theo ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo g\u00ec cho ch\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng. V\u1ee3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edbng, lo coi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 tay m\u1eb7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 tay tr\u00e1i. V\u00ec tay m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n mua c\u00e0 r\u00e1, nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh (tay m\u1eb7t) kh\u00f4ng \u0111eo m\u00e0 cho tay tr\u00e1i \u0111eo. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111em v\u1ec1 giao cho v\u1ee3. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo s\u0103n s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng cho ti\u00eau hao m\u1ea5t m\u00e1c, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edbng. TheoVi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u201cch\u1ed3ng\u201dv\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ee3\u201dc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f4m na ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f2n trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u201cch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3\u201dc\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ba ti\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef: S\u0101m\u012b, sv\u0101m\u012b v\u00e0 ayya. Ti\u1ebfngs\u0101m\u012b (P\u0101\u1e37i) hay sv\u0101m\u012b (Sa skrit) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7, ch\u00faa, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, ch\u1ed3ng. Ti\u1ebfng ayya c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u00f4ng, ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 &#8211; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng s\u0101m\u012b ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfngayya ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng s\u0101m\u012b, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n uy \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh h\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u0101ra, j\u0101y\u0101, paric\u0101rik\u0101 v\u00e0 bhariy\u0101. T\u1eeb d\u0101ra v\u00e0 j\u0101y\u0101 l\u00e0 v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb paric\u0101rik\u0101 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt d\u00f9ng v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ee3, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ee3 b\u00e9 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u g\u00e1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 bhariy\u0101 (v\u1ee3), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng nu\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i, \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i. T\u1eeb bhariy\u0101 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u0101m\u012b khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Theo trong b\u1ed9 kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Vadhak\u0101bhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n v\u00ec lu\u00f4n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, hung d\u1eef v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. Cor\u012bbhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m &#8211; v\u00ec lu\u00f4n ti\u00eau x\u00e0i hoang ph\u00ed t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ayy\u0101bhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00e1c \u00f4n. Ayy\u0101 l\u00e0 b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 &#8211; n\u00ean h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, h\u1ed7n x\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u1ed3ng, sai khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>4. M\u0101t\u0101bhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1eabn, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ch\u0103m nom, s\u0103n s\u00f3c ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con.<\/p>\n<p>5. Bhagin\u012bbhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 em g\u00e1i. L\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 hi\u1ec1n th\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ebft t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 em g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh.<\/p>\n<p>6. Sakhibhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n. C\u01b0 x\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u1ee7y chung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>7. D\u0101s\u012bbhariy\u0101: V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u00e1i. L\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft hy sinh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7: \u0110ao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng, nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m sao mi\u1ec5n cho v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng, l\u1eafm khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng lo vi\u1ec7c sang \u0111o\u1ea1t, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111em ti\u1ec1n mua vui ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, theo \u00fd th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, v\u1ee3 hay ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e0i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111em ra ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd chi d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e9n l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y \u0111em \u0111i mua vui ri\u00eang, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p &#8211; lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi hay lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1eaft cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00e1c \u00f4n: H\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb trong nh\u00e0. H\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0103n, ng\u1ee7, th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m oai l\u00e0m ph\u00e1ch &#8211; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00e1c \u00f4n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9: Kh\u00f4ng ai th\u01b0\u01a1ng con v\u00e0 lo cho con b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng, lo cho ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng vui l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng con. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea hi\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i. Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3, lo cho v\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha lo cho con v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xa nhau v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t cao qu\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 em g\u00e1i: H\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 n\u00e0y k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 anh trai, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em g\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng lo cho anh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng lo cho v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh lo cho em g\u00e1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 lo ch\u0103m nom s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 coi ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m lo cho v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>* V\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, nh\u1ecbn m\u1eb7c, hy sinh m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lo ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng &#8211; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng lo cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 th\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 giao cho. Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb d\u0101s\u012b (t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u00e1i) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ch\u0103m nom m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng &#8211; ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 &#8211; m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n gia trung t\u00edn nh\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng lo cho v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n gia lo cho ch\u1ee7 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean (4 h\u1ea1ng sau) th\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean trong t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n trong th\u1ebf gian; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh theo 38 ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd. V\u00ec lo\u00e0i th\u00fa c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u1ea1ch, hai b\u00ean bi\u1ebft lo gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho nhau, lo l\u1eafng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho nhau trong nh\u1eefng khi ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, \u1ed1m \u0111au &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhau; v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n gi\u00fap nhau \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 nhau gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong b\u1ed9 D\u012bghanik\u0101ya \u0111o\u1ea1n P\u0101tivagga r\u1eb1ng: V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 nhau l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>+ Ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 6 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn, n\u1ec3 nang, h\u1eb1ng khen t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y vui, m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng khi d\u1ec3 v\u1ee3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 b\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>4. Giao cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>5. T\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt trang s\u1ee9c, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m sang qu\u00fd t\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>6. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u1ee3 \u0111i xem nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vui nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>+ V\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Lo thu x\u1ebfp s\u0103n s\u00f3c vi\u1ec7c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>2. Lo gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. Gi\u1eef ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>5. Si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng hay v\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo 3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p &#8211; l\u00e0 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nghe ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eadc trung &#8211; l\u00e0 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft t\u1ee5ng kinh, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eadc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; l\u00e0 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7m \u1ea5m, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd hi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0m khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc cho con ch\u00e1u sau n\u00e0y hay l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>8. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch c\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi M\u0101tali r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ye gahatth\u0101 pu\u00f1\u00f1ak\u0101ra s\u012b\u1e37avanto up\u0101sik\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Dhammene d\u0101ra phosenti te manuss\u0101mi m\u0101tali\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: N\u00e0y M\u0101tali! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nam bi\u1ebft nu\u00f4i v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u00e1p, ta xin l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb tr\u1eddi M\u0101tali \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch! Ng\u00e0i l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ca t\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd trong \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1eady, ng\u00e0i l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ai, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u1ecb thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 trong hai c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110ao L\u1ee3i &#8211; m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p theo ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3 con, th\u00ec ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng!<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XIV<\/p>\n<p>An\u0101kul\u0101 ca kammant\u0101: L\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh [ix]<\/p>\n<p>(S\u1edf h\u00e0nh theo nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e1nh)<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng b\u1ecf d\u1edf. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ta nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe, nh\u1edd chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m cho xe t\u1edbi, th\u00ec ta ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3. Ta n\u00ean noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ngay trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ee9t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e3 h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Ta h\u00e3y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb khi ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00eca b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p con th\u01a1, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ai ai c\u0169ng ham mu\u1ed1n. Ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh su\u1ed1t 6 n\u0103m gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng gi\u00e0. Khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo trung \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. Sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao xong r\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn coi nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi tinh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n, n\u0103m ch\u00e2u. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf d\u1edf dang, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao cam go, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, ta n\u00ean theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111em s\u1ef1 an vui \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111em tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<p>+ Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111em s\u1ef1 an vui \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. An\u0101kula : L\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf d\u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dalaha : L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n<p>3. Sucarita : L\u00e0m v\u1edbi t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1edf d\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed, hay ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, thi\u1ebfu c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay b\u1ecf d\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n<p>1. K\u0101latikamma : Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00ec gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ebd ra l\u00e0m xong trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1edbi hai ba gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>2. Appa irupakara a: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00edt m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>3. Akara a: Kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>4. Sithikakara a: L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n<p>5. Sakaladivasabh\u0101ga supitv\u0101: Ng\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>6. Rattimimhi te kattu na uttasati: Ban \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>7. Niccak\u0101la sur\u0101matto: Say r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>8. Itth\u012b \u0101disu so o: Ch\u1ea1y theo ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>9. Alaso [x]: L\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ng\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 hay ng\u1ee7 d\u1eady tr\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<p>10. Leso [xi]: \u0110\u1ed5 th\u1eeba r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1, n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0Iddhip\u0101da &#8211; b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 \u00dd. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00fd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Chanda: D\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd (vui l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\n<p>2. Viriya: Tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 \u00fd (c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/p>\n<p>3. Citta: Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u00fd (c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c)<\/p>\n<p>4. Vima s\u0101: T\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 \u00fd (suy ngh\u0129 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m) [xii]<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch &#8211; m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ee9t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Ri\u00eang theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, th\u00ec v\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ec v\u1eady trong b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00fd, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd &#8211; \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau hay th\u00edch, th\u00ec t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>a. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 y\u00eau vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>b. B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n, b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fat \u00edt. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 \u00fd (t\u00f4i xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00e2m can \u0111\u1ea3m): Ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nghe ti\u1ebfng tinh t\u1ea5n th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n. Tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ee9t th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta l\u00e0m t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c ta, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o b\u1ecf gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tinh t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9; nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe k\u00e9m d\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u00fd (t\u00f4i xin d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xao l\u00e3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ea7m ch\u1eafc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 \u00fd: L\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o xe ch\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m xong c\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i gia hay b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, khi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, hay tham thi\u1ec1n&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ea7y ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tham thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec th\u1ea7y ng\u1ee7 g\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, th\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y c\u1ecf qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00f9i \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Gag\u0101 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 tr\u00f4i s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i\u201d. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t y\u00eau vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m cho xong vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t bi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hay bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp ch\u00f3t l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta, sau khi b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia, s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng tan, th\u1ecbt n\u00e1t ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i n\u00e0y\u201d. R\u1ed3i nh\u1edd t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00fd &#8211; th\u00ec ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, sung t\u00fac r\u1ed3i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u an vui sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>a. An vui v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>b. An vui v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>c. An vui v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>d. An vui v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u00f3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh l\u00e0m v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u1ebfu duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>6. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>7. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee3i khen.<\/p>\n<p>9. Kh\u00f4ng xa ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch [xiii].<\/p>\n<p>10. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u00ean m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>[i] \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Vi\u00ean Minh d\u1ecbch &#8211; Kinh t\u1ee5ng, Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4ng, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>[ii] T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n, sau \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u. L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 tam t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Therav\u0101da ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, sau n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp s\u01b0 m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ra t\u1ea1ng Kinh, t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma (Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p, Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p) &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, tri\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (thu\u1ed9c l\u00fd tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1edfi ch\u01b0 t\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u1edfi t\u00edn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Minh, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma c\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[iii] T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean v\u0103n, ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>[iv] T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m &#8211; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu, mi\u00ean m\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c s\u01a1, nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n; ri\u00eang x\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n. V\u1eady, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u &#8211; r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>[v] N\u00f3i 4 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 5: T\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u \u00fd: Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y 5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia, theo ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9, th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gian, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00fang sai, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c; v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean. C\u00f2n tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb minh s\u00e1t (vipassan\u0101) &#8211; th\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 &#8211; ch\u00ednh tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>[vi] Xem ghi ch\u00fa 31- v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1nh 5 ngh\u1ec1 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>[vii] Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i, Mi\u00ean, L\u00e0o, Myanmar&#8230; th\u01b0\u1eddng cho thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef, thanh ni\u00ean, thanh n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia gieo duy\u00ean &#8211; ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng, 01 th\u00e1ng, 3 th\u00e1ng, 01 n\u0103m, 03 n\u0103m t\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>[viii] Xem ghi ch\u00fa 43.<\/p>\n<p>[ix] C\u00e2u n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Kammanta, th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p &#8211; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd n\u1eefa. An\u0101kula l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00ednh. V\u1eady, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p (th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p) kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00ednh \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Vi\u00ean Minh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1edf h\u00e0nh theo nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[x] Alasa: L\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n<p>[xi] Lesa: Duy\u00ean c\u1edb, s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p>[xii] T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac, t\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u00fac: D\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m l\u00e0m, mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; nung ch\u00edn \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y. T\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: R\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang l\u00e0m, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t (qu\u00e1n, tu\u1ec7) nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: Qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>[xiii] Nh\u01b0 ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc &#8211; l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec. T\u00f4i d\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p ra \u0111\u00e2y. I\/- L\u1ee3i \u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y (di hadhammamikattha). II\/- L\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eddi sau (Sampar\u0101yikattha). L\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o &#8211; h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Paramattha). Ba l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c: I\/- T\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i (Attattha). II\/- L\u1ee3i tha (Parattha). III\/- L\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 hai (Ubha-attha).<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N V<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XV<\/p>\n<p>D\u0101na : N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef d\u0101na &#8211; T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n-na &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (hay th\u00ed ch\u1ee7) l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng hay c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0n-na v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 r\u00edt r\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 tham lam \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e0n-na v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u00e0m \u00fd g\u00ecn gi\u1eef; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng cho \u1edf trong \u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tham lam, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng cho sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0n-na b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh &#8211; v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra. V\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a th\u00e2u h\u01a1n ph\u00e1t, \u01b0a nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n cho! Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0 hay b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng, c\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng, y ph\u1ee5c c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu; tuy h\u1ecd d\u01b0 \u0103n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em c\u1ee7a ra cho ai \u0111\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ti\u1ebfng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nghe v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong 30 ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u01b0a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n. \u00dd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u sang, nh\u00e0 cao, c\u1eeda r\u1ed9ng&#8230; C\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u sang, ti\u1ec7n nghi sung m\u00e3n&#8230; th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 &#8211; v\u00ec ai ai c\u0169ng tranh nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n lo gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, san s\u1ebb cho th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh, th\u00f4n l\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 t\u00f9y<\/p>\n<p>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u00f9y l\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00f9y khi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111em cho \u0111i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f9y theo m\u00ecnh c\u00f3, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c do m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, \u0111ang c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ta. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tham lam, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. T\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00fd \u1ea5y &#8211; n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t sanh &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb tam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con r\u1eafn. Lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn th\u00edch \u1edf n\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. T\u00e2m c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. V\u00ec c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean t\u00e2m ta b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc, l\u1ee3i, danh. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m tham lam, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n thu g\u00f3p l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7ng mua l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00edch &#8211; c\u00f2n ai ch\u1ebft m\u1eb7c ai. V\u00ec t\u00e2m \u00edch k\u1ef7 d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho ta, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u00f4i. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m l\u00e0 b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, tham lam v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 \u1ea5y &#8211; n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, tham lam, d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Cho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u01a1n<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Cho c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t l\u00f2ng tham lam, tr\u1eeb b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng, cho l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u01a1n, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u01a1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho &#8211; v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m \u01a1n &#8211; th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a cho \u1ea5y, ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0sagaha ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (\u0111\u00e0n-na) th\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i ho\u1eb7c san s\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi) v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng tham lam, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn tr\u1eeb c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta &#8211; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed &#8211; cho ai m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd nh\u1edb \u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh th\u00eam phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0nh, c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh hay l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8211; l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ta b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 th\u00eam t\u00e2m l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ta (c\u1ea3 bi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb),di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u00edch k\u1ef7. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 tu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. V\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch: \u0110\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111em ra b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y do n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0103n ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u1ea5y do n\u01a1i ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o ra, kh\u00f4ng do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp hay l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u hay b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00e1c \u00fd trong s\u1ea1ch: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i [1] m\u00e0 cho, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi hay c\u00f5i n\u00e0o [2] . H\u1ea7u vun tr\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c \u00fd cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y n\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ly \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb tham lam, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u00edch k\u1ef7 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh trong s\u1ea1ch: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e1nh b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn chi ph\u1ed1i, khi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n &#8211; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u01a1 \u0111i, ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. V\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i bao nhi\u00eau, c\u00e0ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau; v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o an vui, thanh th\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng lo \u00e2u, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, toan t\u00ednh, b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o! \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ai, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00ean t\u1ed9i h\u1ebft! Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec danh d\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u00fd suy, do tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m li\u1ec1n. Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, v\u00ec gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 lo cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u00f3n thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5 cho b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00ea theo ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh n\u00e0o m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n hay l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eebng s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n, c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1ea5y m\u00e3i. Ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy h\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng &#8211; nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- T\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 S\u0101vatth\u012b c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Micch\u0101riya (b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn). \u00d4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00f4n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea1p v\u00e0ng. Khi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp t\u1ecf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 hay. V\u00ec luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0ng, n\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i sanh l\u00e0m ch\u00f3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi ch\u00f3 \u1ea5y l\u1edbn l\u00ean, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi n\u00ean con \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ngang qua nh\u00e0 con \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, con ch\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y ra s\u1ee7a. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Micch\u0101riya! \u00d4ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 keo ki\u1ec7t, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn; khi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n \u00f4m \u1ea5p m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ea1p v\u00e0ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sanh l\u00e0m con ch\u00f3 gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?\u201dOai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00f3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n<p>Khi con \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y ra m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi khi, m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi gia nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao con ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 cho hay, khi n\u00e3y th\u1ea7y C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m \u0111i ngang qua \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec m\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n, \u0111ang n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1eadm gi\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n<p>Con \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0, b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 con ch\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m th\u00ec t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y kh\u1ea1p v\u00e0ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb keo ki\u1ec7t, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n con ch\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: L\u00f2ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, s\u1ef1 tham lam v\u00e0 t\u00e2m quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u1edfi c\u1ee7a v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y tuy l\u00e0 d\u01b0 \u0103n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ebfp sau h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5; v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn \u1ea5y, ki\u1ebfp sau ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho l\u00fac c\u01a1 nh\u1ee1, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca-di\u1ebfp, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c \u1edf nh\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong, ra v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a, ch\u00e0ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eaft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7y con \u1ed1m \u0111\u00f3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0103n; ch\u00fang \u0111ang day day nh\u1eefng b\u1ea7u v\u00fa h\u00e9o kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m gi\u1ebb r\u00e1ch! T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 bi \u0111\u00e1t. Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i (t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn) ph\u00e1t sanh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y g\u00ec cho ch\u00f3 \u0103n. B\u1ed7ng s\u1ef1c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong, ch\u00e0ng li\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng tay m\u00f3c c\u1ed5 \u00f3i v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ra cho b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 \u1ea5y \u0103n. Nh\u1edd b\u1eefa \u0103n \u1ea5y ch\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111i \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ch\u1ebft, ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh thi\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca-di\u1ebfp t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca; ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. Nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi ch\u00e0ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y &#8211; r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1c n\u00e9n, v\u00e0ng thoi hay l\u00e0 cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t \u1edf t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i hay bi m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00e1y, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t&#8230; th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean tai, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: H\u1ec5 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng. Nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y. Khi ta gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n tai n\u1ea1n, th\u00ec ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ed1 th\u00ed chia ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Amissad\u0101na: T\u00e0i th\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, y ph\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dhammad\u0101na: Ph\u00e1p th\u00ed, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cSabbad\u0101na dhammad\u0101na jin\u0101ti\u201dNgh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, y ph\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed1c men, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an vui c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hung d\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n; ch\u1edb ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, m\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u1ea7y, r\u1ed3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng; \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng sao t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 m\u1edbi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Th\u1eadt ra, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn nghe, hay l\u00e0 h\u00f9n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng kinh s\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u hay h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0o d\u1ecbch kinh ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 an vui.<\/p>\n<p>2. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>3. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>4. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf m\u1ecdi tai n\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o cho th\u00ed ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>5. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u1eadt n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a ta trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>6. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 hang s\u01b0 t\u1eed c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u00fa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m b\u00e9n m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n hang \u1ea5y (\u00dd n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n, x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c s\u1ebd s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<p>7. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u; \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (\u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n<p>8. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang ch\u1ea1y theo t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>9. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ghe thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua s\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>10. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 can \u0111\u1ea3m x\u00f4ng pha trong tr\u1eadn gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>11. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 hoa sen sanh trong b\u00f9n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4i tanh m\u00f9i b\u00f9n.<\/p>\n<p>12. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tham lam, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u00edch k\u1ef7, d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>13. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>14. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 th\u00fa c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eafng c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>15. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u00fd m\u00e3, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t mau, ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 tham lam&#8230; v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>16. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>17. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>18. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n khi c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong tam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>19. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho sanh l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>20. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>21. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m vua Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>22. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Thinh V\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>23. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>24. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XVI<\/p>\n<p>Dhammacariy\u0101: H\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Dhammacariy\u0101 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y xin chia ra l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n<p>3. Khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>Trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XVI n\u1ea7y ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p cho tr\u00fang trong m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c; l\u00e0 s\u1eafc thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd&#8230; C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n<p>1. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang, t\u1ed1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh hay thi\u1ec7n &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>2. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai, x\u1ea5u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u00fa \u0111au kh\u1ed5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u00e1c &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n? [3]<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00ed l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, ch\u1edb ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 10 h\u1ed3ng danh [4] m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ca t\u1ee5ng. Trong 10 h\u1ed3ng danh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 02 h\u1ed3ng danh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeba t\u1ef1a nhau l\u00e0 Buddho: Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 Bhagav\u0101: Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c hay thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f2n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia \u00fd, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n bhagav\u0101 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n [5]; \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n chia ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ra t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo?<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, t\u00f4i xin \u0111em ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u00e1c, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n. Ba ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 adhipati xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n [6]:<\/p>\n<p>1. Att\u0101dhipateyya: Theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>2. Lok\u0101dhipatayya: Theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>3. Dhamm\u0101dhipatayya: Theo ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf. Theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00f2n theo ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i hai ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, v\u00ec theo ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1eddi, xa l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i hay d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. T\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u00fd ta<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghe l\u1eddi ai khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 tai h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay an vui, v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sinh ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng dung n\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m, s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng hay cha, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee3 con nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u00edt khi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi tai h\u1ea1i. L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7p theo l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, tai h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tai h\u1ea1i, theo \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t sao cho dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i chung, th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p &#8211; khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ed9i dung m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng n\u00ean h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u0103ng ch\u00fang, v\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eadc tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Chung quy l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, ngo\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t chu \u0111\u00e1o, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng xem th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Theo ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2n hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i; v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eddi. Theo ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 theo l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, theo ch\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a, theo lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, theo ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, \u0111i ch\u00f9a nghe ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee5ng kinh, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m sa-di hay t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 gieo duy\u00ean, hy v\u1ecdng sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m 3 h\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>1. Pathamacariy\u0101: H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 th\u1ecd ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, hay b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, gi\u1eef th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>2. Majjhimacariy\u0101: H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc trung, l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Uttamacariy\u0101: H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 [7].<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<p>a. Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh: Gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft con v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi trong tay; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00ean tay c\u1ea7m kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i &#8211; nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh s\u1ee3 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp: Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ai, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e2y kim, ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn l\u00f2ng tham lam.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa hai m\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac IX. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u:<\/p>\n<p>a. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 cho g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam th\u1eaft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec nghe, c\u1ed1 \u00fd ly gi\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho hai b\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nhau.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi hung \u00e1c: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u00ec x\u1ea5u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch n\u00f3i. Quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cay chua, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111au l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>d. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch: L\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean m\u00ecnh &#8211; c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u00e2m \u00fd:<\/p>\n<p>a. Kh\u00f4ng tham lam: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 qu\u00fd r\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1n \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u0169ng r\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tham ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9; d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 c\u0169ng r\u00e1ng di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m, x\u1ea5u qu\u1ea5y &#8211; r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn, cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi kia, thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>7. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c kinh h\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>9. Xa k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>10. T\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Millaka ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y gi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00fa. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u0103n c\u01a1m xong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111i t\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf trong r\u1eebng t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng. Khi d\u1edf n\u1eafp h\u0169 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng ta n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0103n c\u01a1m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 xong, lo t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ec7\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c nghe v\u1eady, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ed3i, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3?!\u201d Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc xem coi, th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y g\u00e1o m\u00fac cho \u00f4ng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. \u00d4ng ta u\u1ed1ng no n\u00ea. Khi u\u1ed1ng xong \u00f4ng ta suy ngh\u0129: \u201cKi\u1ebfp sau c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd ra sao k\u00eca? Ta l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i h\u0169 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng ch\u00e1n v\u00ec t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean xin xu\u1ea5t gia. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia xong, d\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec h\u1ec5 tham thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa b\u1ecb \u00f4ng gi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y, c\u00e1ch n\u1ecd, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3. \u00d4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam t\u1ed9i, n\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u00e8n xin v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i!\u201d L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Millaka l\u00e0m xong, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp: \u201cH\u00e3y d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y \u1ea5y gi\u00fap ta!\u201d\u00d4ng r\u00e1ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 cho ta\u201d. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng con \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i \u1ea5y, trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft, n\u00f3 ph\u1ef1t ch\u00e1y, ch\u00e1y xong, \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00e0n tro m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cTa ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed l\u1eeda \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng kinh khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y! T\u1ed9i \u00e1c gi\u1ebft th\u00fa trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i. V\u1eady, ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c hay nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u1edf \u00f4ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eady!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c s\u01a1 tu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u1ea7y, nguy\u1ec7n tu h\u00e0nh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c r\u00e1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xao l\u00e3ng. Khi n\u00e0o tham thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y kh\u0103n nh\u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n ch\u01a1n th\u00ec ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o lu xong, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u1ebf; nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n d\u01b0, nh\u1ec5u xu\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra h\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, t\u00e2m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eefng \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m tuy t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u1eafng d\u1ee9t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f2n r\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea5y! Ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n nhi\u1ebfp ni\u1ec7m, an tr\u00fa t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, tu\u1ec7 minh, \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eddi gian sau, nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u1edd tinh t\u1ea5n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2m s\u00e2u; d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 minh quan s\u00e1t, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc A-na-h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng, sau bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u0103n, lo tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 &#8211; tr\u1eeb phi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XVII<\/p>\n<p>\u00d1\u0101tisagaho: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n<p>\u00d1\u0101ti [8] ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y xin chia ra l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>1. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sanh l\u00ean l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>(1) Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>Cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3, con l\u00e0 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n nhau nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>+ Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>a. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>b. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng theo m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o &#8211; theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 hay v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n<p>1. Lokatthacariy\u0101: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u00d1\u0101tatthacariy\u0101: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n<p>3. Buddhatthacariy\u0101: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i nhau, h\u00e3y xem nhau nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9: C\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. L\u1eafm khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh &#8211; nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tay ng\u00e0i t\u1eafm r\u1eeda s\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Grinanda. Ng\u00e0i \u0111i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu duy\u00ean &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n hung t\u00e0n nh\u1ee9t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 V\u00f4 N\u00e3o; y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1ch g\u01b0\u01a1m r\u01b0\u1ee3t Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3 3 do tu\u1ea7n &#8211; m\u1ed7i do tu\u1ea7n 16 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0n &#8211; v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, khi bi\u1ebft hai h\u1ecd &#8211; Koliya l\u00e0 h\u1ecd m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 S\u0101kya l\u00e0 h\u1ecd cha &#8211; v\u00ec gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0111em binh ra \u0111\u00e1nh nhau; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, khuy\u00ean hai h\u1ecd b\u1ecf chuy\u1ec7n h\u1eadn th\u00f9 g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o. L\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed Vi \u016b abha s\u1ebd \u0111em binh v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t gi\u00f2ng Th\u00edch-ca, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ng\u1ef1 \u0111i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ba l\u1ea7n; \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u1eefa v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng oan tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, v\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1edbi 3 l\u1ea7n? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 lo cho quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tai h\u1ecda cho quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p khi nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 &#8211; d\u00f9 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, b\u00f3 tay! M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n<p>Khi ta suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0: Ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 4 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. D\u0101na: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, y ph\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed1c men, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n trong m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>2. Piyav\u0101c\u0101: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u00eam d\u1ecbu, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn, h\u00f2a nh\u00e3. \u00dd n\u00f3i khi n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u sang, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e0u sang m\u00e0 khinh khi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi b\u1ea5t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>3. Atthacariy\u0101: R\u00e1ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh&#8230; \u00dd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, khi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n, ta n\u00ean gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh &#8211; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, an vui th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>4. Samatta: Ch\u1eef P\u0101\u1e37i n\u00e0y, danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1eb1ng nhau; t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Nh\u01b0ng theo v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf, n\u1ec3 nang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch hay khi d\u1ec3, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Amisasagaha: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dhammasagaha: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh, tu h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>+ Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>4. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>5. Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>6. S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p>9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho k\u1ebb h\u1eadu sanh.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>12. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n oan tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 kinh s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>13. L\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>14. L\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>15. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0m ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa \u1edf ven r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c vua B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b ng\u1ef1 xem v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe ng\u1ef1a. T\u1ed1i v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa phu \u0111\u1ec3 xe \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2n m\u00e0 qu\u00ean c\u1ea5t y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ai da ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a to, nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 s\u0103n c\u1ee7a vua \u1edf trong cung m\u1edbi c\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0103n h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ai da ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ea5y. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa phu th\u1ea5y v\u1eady l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh s\u1ee3, m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u00e2u v\u1edbi vua r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u00e9n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0y tr\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u1ea3 gi\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng truy h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1n, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i &#8211; h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y ch\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u00f3 \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u1edf ven r\u1eebng, cai qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n con &#8211; th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u201d. R\u1ed3i ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt, c\u1ea7u xin ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00f2ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n binh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh. Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n xong, kh\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung v\u00e0o g\u1eb7p vua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ai ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa &#8211; do ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng cao sang, uy nghi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c vua li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sanh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng cho ai \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi l\u00fd do.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00f3 ch\u00faa k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p th\u01b0a:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ecbnh tru di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea3i, ta c\u00f3 ra l\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u00e1m v\u00e0o ho\u00e0ng cung c\u1eafn x\u00e9 v\u00e0 nhai nu\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 y\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111ai da trang \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ta!<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa t\u00e2u:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng, ta ch\u1ec9 nghe t\u00ean xa phu n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i!<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady, xin th\u01b0a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa phu \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y, m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft &#8211; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y m\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd y ch\u1ec9 suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn ngang \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee3t c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng uy nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan t\u00f2a:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb minh qu\u00e2n &#8211; l\u1ebd n\u00e0o khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n, suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa phu &#8211; m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i ra nghi\u00eam l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1? H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh? L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng l\u00fd? L\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, tr\u00e1n to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, n\u1eb7ng t\u1ee3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2n \u1ea5y!<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0a th\u00f4i, ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 10 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n &#8211; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p thi\u00ean v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1eefa &#8211; \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec gi\u1eadn, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec si m\u00ea, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. N\u1ebfu 10 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft th\u00ec k\u1ef9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea7m than, \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu theo 4 ph\u00e1p thi\u00ean v\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8211; th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c vua s\u1ebd r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i l\u1ea1nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0n v\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ec9, trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa n\u00ean b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e0y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c! Th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00f3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhai nu\u1ed1t y\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111ai da ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o trong cung n\u1ed9i &#8211; ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y. Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 s\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd, xin l\u1ea5y m\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m c\u1ecf may tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o cho ch\u00f3 trong cung \u0103n th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1eeda ra l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng da \u1ea5y. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111ai da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trui thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng phu, k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, \u1edf trong b\u1ee5ng ch\u00f3 5, 7 ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n cho th\u1ecb th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m y nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u00ec r\u00f5 ra ch\u00f3 trong cung n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n nh\u1eefng \u0111ai da \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua xi\u1ebft bao c\u1ea3m k\u00edch, m\u1eddi ch\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y h\u00e0nh theo th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb9 cha, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00f3 Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c vua th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi. Xong, ch\u00f3 ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng. Nh\u00e0 vua truy\u1ec1n \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i cho ch\u00f3. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c vua lo h\u00e0nh theo ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, cai tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng 10 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd khuy\u00ean ta n\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c l\u00fac l\u00e2m nguy, n\u00ean hy sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean gi\u00fap li\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XVIII<\/p>\n<p>Anavajj\u0101nikamm\u0101ni: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i<\/p>\n<p>(Gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi)[9]<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 X d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf d\u1edf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XVIII n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y ta v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>Theo quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hay, l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay n\u00f3 x\u1ea5u &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c! Ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m &#8211; ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00fd ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfu theo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XVIII.<\/p>\n<p>Trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XVIII n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n<p>1. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>2. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n<p>3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do th\u00e2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i: Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, hay gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do \u00fd l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00fd \u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc hay di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00ean h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng cho tham luy\u1ebfn th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 vun \u0111\u1eafp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i ?<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m m\u00e0 ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc theo t\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o ta l\u00e0m d\u1eabu h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi hay tham thi\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n mong m\u1ecfi sanh trong v\u00f2ng tam gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i! T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu l\u1eadu (vattag\u0101minikusala) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sanh \u0111i v\u00e0o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong sanh t\u1eed. Do th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta l\u00e0m m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n sanh trong tam gi\u1edbi, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111eo mang tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i &#8211; theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>Hai \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang; nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc, v\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0169ng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu y m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1edbt tr\u00ean, th\u00ec b\u1ecb rong b\u00e8o tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n m\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u th\u00ec b\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m b\u00f9n, b\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec y ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y tay kh\u1ecfa rong r\u00eau \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u00fac nh\u00e8 nh\u1eb9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu \u0111\u00e1o, l\u00e0m sao h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129 cao s\u00e2u qu\u00e1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo, v\u00ec l\u1eafm khi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef vajja ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, b\u1ecb t\u00f9 hay b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c. Vajja c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb la r\u1ea7y, b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. V\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch theo quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lokavajja, t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u01b0a kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe h\u01a1i n\u00ean lu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m xe h\u01a1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e1i xe, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ba y che th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0103n th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y chung cho h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m &#8211; \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch (vajjakamma).<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9, ganh t\u1ef5.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, mua b\u00e1n, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng&#8230; nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd chung chung&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i theo l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh d\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho m\u00ecnh trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u thi\u1ec7n sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1eabn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o &#8211; n\u00ean sau khi qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o s\u00e1u c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi &#8211; ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y do b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u thi\u1ec7n sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u1eafc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean h\u1eefu s\u1eafc. \u1ede c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u thi\u1ec7n sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. C\u00f5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n (th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng sanh v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh v\u1ee9c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m(t\u1ee9c 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed), sau khi qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>+ Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p: Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i, ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n s\u00e1i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng m\u00faa h\u00e1t, xem m\u00faa h\u00e1t; trang \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eabn, xuy\u1ebfn, v\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, ng\u1ecdc, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng; d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, nh\u1ed3i ph\u1ea5n, thoa son.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i cao sang, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>Trong 8 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u 1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u 5 l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m. Gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 d\u00e2m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 con k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m th\u00ec, trong ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, d\u1ea7u v\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 6, theo nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n s\u00e1i gi\u1edd l\u00e0 khi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc cho t\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1edd. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i gi\u1edd kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec kh\u00f3 cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u theo, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh b\u1edbt b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 d\u01b0 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, tham thi\u1ec1n. Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c, tri t\u00fac. V\u00ec mi\u1ebfng \u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u01a1m chi\u1ec1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a quen, th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu; sau d\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y quen, th\u1ea5y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng; l\u1ea1i sinh ra ng\u1ee7 \u00edt, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham thi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 7: M\u00faa h\u00e1t, xem m\u00faa h\u00e1t&#8230; \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho ham m\u00ea theo ti\u1ebfng hay, v\u1ecb th\u01a1m. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng ai v\u00ec luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, s\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e0, lo t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch che l\u1ea5p c\u00e1i gi\u00e0, t\u00f4 ph\u1ea5n, thoa son \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5u n\u00e9t nh\u0103n, nhu\u1ed9m t\u00f3c \u0111en l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 che t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c&#8230; Kh\u00f4ng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e2n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xa l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 8: Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i cao sang, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t sanh do ham m\u00ea n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ec1m d\u1ecbu. Khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 quen ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, cao sang r\u1ed3i, g\u1eb7p n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y, gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o s\u1ebd sanh l\u00ean l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u00e1t quan trai c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>1. Pakati uposatha: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u1ecd tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. M\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 8 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00f9ng 5, 8, 14, 15, 20, 23, 29, 30 (th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ecd ng\u00e0y 28, 29). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y, hay l\u00e0 4 ng\u00e0y, 2 ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Pa ij\u0101gara [10]uposatha: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh trong ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y sau l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u00e1nh &#8211; n\u00ean t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd ng\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a. B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 12 ng\u00e0y 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28, (th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 27). B\u00e1t quan trai n\u1ea7y n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd 20 ng\u00e0y (Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 xin xem nh\u1ef1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n<p>3. Pa ih\u0101riya uposatha: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 6 t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd theo ba th\u00e1ng h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh Uposatha c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai cho trong s\u1ea1ch, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y th\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi g\u1ea1o tr\u1eafng, g\u1ea1o \u0111en, c\u01a1m kh\u00f4, c\u01a1m nh\u00e3o; n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i kinh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n b\u00f2, s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh b\u00f2 l\u00f9a ra \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 b\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3i hay no c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u \u0111em v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai, s\u00e1ng ra \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, khi th\u1ecd xong, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd cho c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fat n\u00e0o hay ch\u00fat \u1ea5y th\u00f4i, c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n b\u00f2.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i kinh Uposatha, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 vua ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean 16 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn trong c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy sang tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng 01 ph\u1ea7n 16 [11] c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc t\u00edch chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c vua Udaya \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 t\u00ean Sucipariv\u0101 th\u00edch l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng, t\u1eeb v\u1ee3 con cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n k\u1ebb \u1edf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t qu\u00e1n trai gi\u1edbi \u00edt l\u1eafm m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng trong nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0103n m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u00f4i. Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u0111i ra \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, v\u00ec anh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Trong khi \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m, ng\u1ed3i \u1edf nh\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eebng anh \u0111i l\u00e0m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp m\u1edbi d\u1ecdn c\u01a1m ra cho anh \u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>Anh l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi khi, gi\u1edd n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0 t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng vui, m\u00e0 b\u1eefa nay h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft? Anh ta m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y gi\u1eef b\u00e1t quan trai, n\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ebft\u201d. Anh ta m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa \u1edf chung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho ta th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh\u201d. Anh b\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u01a1m, v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u01b0a \u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi gi\u1edd n\u00e0y, th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai kh\u00f4ng?\u201d V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4i\u201d. Anh \u1ea5y b\u00e8n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cD\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d. R\u1ed3i anh m\u1edbi xin ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec. Sau khi th\u1ecd xong v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9, anh ta quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u1eef c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u &#8211; nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. V\u00ec c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0103n g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfn khuya, anh b\u1ecb tr\u00fang gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111em thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i cho anh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, con h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111i, k\u1ebbo c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quen, nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1eafm \u0111\u00f3!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Anh ta th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129: \u201cTa nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi, khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec\u201d. Anh m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00e3y cho con gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft con c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i n\u00ean m\u00ea man. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng anh s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean khi\u00eang ra \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i hi\u00ean, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c vua B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b ng\u1ef1 \u0111i quanh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Anh l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, li\u1ec1n th\u1ea7m \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 vua. Anh ch\u1ebft li\u1ec1n trong khi m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua &#8211; do nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi. Sau khi anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean anh l\u00e0 Udaya. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a vua cha, Udaya nh\u1edb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean r\u00e1ng lo tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y xong, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! M\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 cao qu\u00fd \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Pakati [12] uposatha: B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>2. Veyy\u0101vaccakara a : Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau theo l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0100r\u0101marup\u0101: C\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a<\/p>\n<p>4. Vanarup\u0101: Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>5. Setukara a: L\u00e0m c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>6. Papa [13]: \u0110\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n<p>7. Udap\u0101na [14]: \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chum n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>8. Upasava [15]: L\u00e0m nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o x\u00e1 d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>9. Dhammattha [16]: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>10. S\u012blasampanna: C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>+ L\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>4. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u00f9y theo ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a: Cho v\u1edbi t\u00e2m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, mong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui &#8211; l\u00e0 cho v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. Cho v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn, x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng, mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb, an \u1ee7i &#8211; l\u00e0 cho v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi &#8211; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u1ec3 cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra \u0111\u00e2y 7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n<p>1\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed mong c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>2\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>3\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed hi\u1ebfu danh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hay bi\u1ebft &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi D\u1ea1 Ma.<\/p>\n<p>4\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, lo cho T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0; v\u00e0, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, t\u00e2m bi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea9u Su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>5\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hi\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i, hi\u1ebfu danh &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>6\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng xi\u1ebft k\u1ec3, ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i, hi\u1ebfu danh c\u00f2n \u1ea9n b\u00ean sau th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1eefa &#8211; qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. V\u1ecb vua c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>7\/- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, x\u1ea3 ly, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u0110\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0 8 v\u1ea1n 4 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>[4] 10 h\u1ed3ng danh l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi quen, vi\u1ebft quen theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau truy\u1ec1n sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ri\u00eang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nam truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Myanmar th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 9. T\u00f4i ghi ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u00e2u sai. 9 h\u1ed3ng danh l\u00e0: 1)- Araha (A-la-h\u00e1n); 2)- Samm\u0101 Sambuddho (Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri hay Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c); 3)- Vijj\u0101-carana-sampanno (Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac); 4)- Sugato (Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7); 5)- Lokavid\u016b (Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i); 6)- Anuttaro Purisadammas\u0101rathi (V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu); 7)- Satth\u0101devamanuss\u0101na (Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n S\u01b0); 8)- Buddho (Ph\u1eadt); 9)- Bhagav\u0101 (Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n).<\/p>\n<p>[5] T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Ch\u1ee7, ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[7] Trong b\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 03 c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng 01 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1eadc trung v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>[8] \u00d1\u0101taka: B\u00e0 con th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Anavajja: Trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m. Kamma: Ngh\u1ec1, ngh\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng. V\u1eady, Anavajj\u0101ni kamm\u0101ni: Ngh\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ea1ch, ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa 5 ngh\u1ec1 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Vi\u00ean Minh chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi!<\/p>\n<p>[10] J\u0101gara: th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, minh m\u1eabn&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n x\u01b0a, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n &#8211; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 8 v\u1ea1n 4 ng\u00e0n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>[12] Pakati: T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean &#8211; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>[13] Danh t\u1eeb, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>[14] Danh t\u1eeb, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>[15] T\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: upassaya &#8211; ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>[16] Dhammattha: S\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. Dhamma ha: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N VI<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XIX<\/p>\n<p>\u0100rat\u012b virat\u012bp\u0101p\u0101: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n<p>(X\u1ea3 ly t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u00e1c)[1]<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i sanh trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y ta 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Trong 33 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 18, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 xa k\u1ebb \u00e1c g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ee3 con.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui tr\u1ecdn ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XIX (19) tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, hay n\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 nghe, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n &#8211; th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc hay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay t\u00e2m; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XIX n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00e2m ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng theo th\u1eddi, theo c\u1ea3nh &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u0169ng theo m\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng m\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc trung.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gh\u00e9t thi\u1ec7n, \u01b0a \u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0101rat\u012b-virat\u012b-p\u0101p\u0101 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i cho g\u1ecdn: P\u0101pa-virati,ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. \u0100rati ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a ho\u1eb7c gh\u00ea s\u1ee3; virati ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eeba hay tr\u1ed1n l\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, khi n\u00e0o ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb s\u1eeda t\u00e2m s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec<\/p>\n<p>khi t\u00e2m \u0111ang b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed9m \u0111en, ta mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111en, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111em t\u00e2m ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc nhu\u1ed9m \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi t\u00e2m nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>+ Mu\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i xin chia h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ea7y ra l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng p\u0101pa: T\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sanh l\u00ean v\u00ec tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- P\u0101pa: T\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed9i \u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed9i \u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hung d\u1eef x\u1ea5u xa, ai ai c\u0169ng gh\u00ea s\u1ee3. T\u1ed9i l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00e0ng tr\u00e1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, x\u1ea5u xa, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, hung \u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c. T\u00e2m nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00e1c hay thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m b\u00ean trong sai khi\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Att\u0101na akata pamatt\u0101n\u0101va visujjhati: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch. K\u1ebb n\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i k\u1ebb \u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 do ta t\u1ea1o ra, do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, b\u00ean trong ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng do n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 &#8211; b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3. Khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Suddhi asuddhi paccatta : Trong s\u1ea1ch hay nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.N\u0101no a\u00f1\u00f1a visodhaye: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: Natthap\u0101pa agabbato: T\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>* T\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, lo s\u1ee3. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ta m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 an vui. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t vui l\u00f2ng d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c th\u01a1 th\u1edbi, an vui. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u hay t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c cho n\u1ea5c thang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i th\u00ec c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao? V\u00ec l\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n vui hay v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i! C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ea3o h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1i g\u00ec, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u01a1 th\u1edbi, s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m, khi tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a, h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 t\u00e0i gia m\u1edbi kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f9, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan, thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn, m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; n\u00ean l\u1eafm l\u00fac l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ed1i c\u00e3i b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa do tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh coi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea5u \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, mi\u1ec5n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- \u0110\u00e2y xin gi\u1ea3i ba c\u00e1ch xa l\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i \u00e1c:<\/p>\n<p>a- Sampattivirati: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa l\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, \u00fd n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i xin \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Cakkana khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a quy y Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tu l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u00f4ng Cakkana c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u0111au, l\u01b0\u01a1ng y b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00e1u th\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9u m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng anh li\u1ec1n sai c\u1eadu \u0111i b\u1eaft th\u1ecf. Khi c\u1eadu b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecf \u00f4m v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng, th\u1ea5y th\u1ecf run s\u1ee3, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft r\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, trong s\u00e1ng, c\u1eadu ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cGi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00ec m\u1eb9 ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i toan gi\u1ebft \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng\u201d. C\u1eadu li\u1ec1n vu\u1ed1t ve th\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ecf \u01a1i! ta tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i, xin ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y vui v\u1ebb tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh!\u201dR\u1ed3i c\u1eadu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean th\u1ea3 th\u1ecf cho \u00f4ng anh nghe, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm. \u00d4ng anh n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn r\u1ea7y m\u1eafng c\u1eadu. Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft sao, c\u1eadu li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 \u00f4m ch\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb khi s\u01a1 sanh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd s\u00e1t sanh, xin nh\u1edd oai \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y c\u1ea7u xin cho m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh\u201d. Do l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u1ea5y n\u00ean m\u1eb9 c\u1eadu li\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>b. Sam\u0101d\u0101navirati [2]: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa l\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nam hay t\u00edn n\u1eef c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec quy gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec hay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 \u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n nam \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n n\u00fai Dantavaddhaman\u0101tho, th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pingalabuddharakkhita t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ambariya. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xong \u00f4ng \u0111i c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng. Khi \u1ea5y b\u00f2 \u0111i l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng l\u00ean n\u00fai t\u00ecm, v\u00ec v\u00f4 \u00fd \u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con tr\u0103n to qu\u1ea5n si\u1ebft. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tr\u00ean tay \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t con dao th\u1eadt b\u00e9n, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ed9t khi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh thanh cao, ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ta b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i\u201d. Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ba l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi!\u201d N\u00f3i th\u1ebf xong, \u00f4ng li\u1ec7ng c\u00e2y dao \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t xa, v\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00e2y dao \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean tay, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft tr\u0103n v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham s\u1ed1ng. Oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh cho trong s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m cho tr\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111ang qu\u1ea5n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 l\u1eeda, n\u00ean l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt th\u00e1o ra v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y, khi x\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n xong, h\u1ecd r\u00e1ng th\u1ecd tr\u00ec cho t\u1edbi ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>c. Sammucchedavirati: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa l\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: T\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i xa h\u1eb3n \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kammakilesa [3], t\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0: T\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00ean t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (nghi\u1ec7p), b\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (nghi\u1ec7p) \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kammakilesa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>Kammakilesa g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh: S\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i. Trong b\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f9 o\u00e1n hay \u00edt nh\u1ee9t c\u0169ng xa nhau. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa nhau, gh\u00e9t nhau c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc t\u00edch trong b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cK\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u t\u00ean Ko adh\u0101na xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ea7y \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, sau l\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i theo. Ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1t cho th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cMu\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y v\u1eady \u0111inh ninh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y Ko adh\u0101na ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m, m\u1edbi \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c nghe v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00f9a. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m v\u1eady; ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u m\u1edbi thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 hay v\u00e0 b\u00e0 n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o b\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ee9c vua Ba-t\u01b0-n\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9c vua nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ngay. Chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i, vua ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a, cho quan qu\u00e2n bao v\u00e2y m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, m\u1edbi t\u1eeb trong c\u1ed1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ra xem. \u0110\u1ee9c vua t\u1eadn m\u1eaft tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng sau l\u01b0ng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. \u0110\u1ee9c vua mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 tang, v\u00e0o t\u1eadn n\u01a1i, t\u00ecm coi n\u01a1i k\u1eb9t c\u1eeda, d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ea7m gi\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c! Tr\u1eabm v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00ednh tr\u1eabm tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng sau l\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, m\u1edbi n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo sau l\u01b0ng. \u0110\u1ee9c vua th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi m\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u0111i v\u00e0o. Th\u1ea7y y l\u1eddi, tr\u1edf v\u00e0o trong. \u0110\u1ee9c vua tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng theo h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, vua m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i! Th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i ?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! B\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Xin ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra cho tr\u1eabm r\u00f5.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i sau l\u01b0ng b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghi ho\u1eb7c, n\u00ean th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ra li\u1ec1n sau l\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea7y v\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u201cQu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3\u201d, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i! M\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 nghi kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y &#8211; th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3. V\u1eady, t\u1eeb nay, tr\u1eabm xin th\u1ec9nh ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o cung n\u1ed9i, tr\u1eabm xin c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y!<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u x\u1ea5u b\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e3y coi! \u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u00e8n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c! Ch\u00fang ta m\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ai ng\u1edd, khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i m\u1eddi v\u00e0o ho\u00e0ng cung c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa ch\u1edb!<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u x\u1ea5u b\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y, do t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, do ganh t\u1ef5, do si m\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na, m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e0y k\u1ebb \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n kia! Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi! V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na b\u00e8n m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi! Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb d\u1eabn g\u00e1i \u0111i!<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u00e0m phu kia t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, n\u00ean \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na ch\u01b0\u1edfi m\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ecdi t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Kondadh\u0101na v\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00d4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kia kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kia, c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i theo sau l\u01b0ng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u1ea7y &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ecd, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i sau l\u01b0ng t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt! V\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 che l\u1ea5p. Chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng sau l\u01b0ng t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Kodadh\u0101na, l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb h\u00e0m oan, b\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh nghi k\u1ef5, thanh danh b\u1ecb hoen \u1ed1 l\u00e0 do d\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ly gi\u00e1n t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng tu, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb kia l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1! C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n nghe chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u00e8n v\u00e9n m\u1edf b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c Kassapa, c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o anh em ru\u1ed9t. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3, hai th\u1ea7y r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1o L\u1ee3i th\u1ea5y hai v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cHai v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn nhau. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ly gian h\u1ecd, chia r\u1ebd h\u1ecd &#8211; xem th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng!\u201d \u0110ang suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia: \u201cXin s\u01b0 huynh h\u00e3y d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00f4i \u0111i ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb thi\u00ean \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee3i cho th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y \u0111i ngo\u00e0i xong, t\u1eeb trong b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, li\u1ec1n h\u00f3a ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, m\u1ed9t tay n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e9n t\u00f3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. \u0110\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i, v\u1ecb thi\u00ean m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u0111i m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1edbi b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb kia ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S\u01b0 huynh n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eeba r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau l\u01b0ng s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, th\u01b0a s\u01b0 huynh!<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, hai v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00e3i qua c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea3i chia tay nhau, ai \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea5y, m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft b\u1ea5y nay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1, kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb thi\u00ean t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ly gi\u00e1n \u1ea5y ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e2m ra h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i!\u201d. B\u00e8n hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: \u201cH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i l\u00e0 do t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb. Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u b\u1ecb oan n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u1ea1ch. L\u1ed7i l\u00e0 do t\u00f4i. Xin hai v\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua cho m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ly gi\u00e1n \u1ea5y, sau khi ch\u1ebft, v\u1ecb thi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c A-t\u1ef3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca-di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gotama. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na; v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng sau l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta &#8211; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng nghi ng\u1edd ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi nh\u1eafc ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp xong \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u1ecb b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1eafng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i. Khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lung l\u1ea1c v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1eady\u201d[4].<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi d\u1ee9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Ko adh\u0101na \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. T\u00edch n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ly gi\u00e1n, xa c\u00e1ch nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. V\u1eady ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nghe &#8211; v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd th\u00eau d\u1ec7t, gi\u00e8m pha, \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc&#8230; Chuy\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh nghe \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111em v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- S\u1ef1 xa l\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 oan tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ba c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch [5]<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (an vui) [6]<\/p>\n<p>9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XX<\/p>\n<p>Majjap\u0101n\u0101 ca sa\u00f1\u00f1ama: Thu th\u00fac s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/p>\n<p>Trong 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ea5m ng\u1eb7t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Anavajj\u0101nikamm\u0101ni [7]: C\u1ea5m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>2. P\u0101pavirati [8]: C\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, l\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>3. Majjavirati: C\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t say.<\/p>\n<p>Theo 3 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean qu\u00ed v\u1ecb h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 coi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0o l\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng?.<\/p>\n<p>Hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean &#8211; 1,2 &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang c\u1eed, tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. T\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i &#8211; t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i chia l\u00e0m hai \u0111i\u1ec1u? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0: L\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i n\u00ean n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft h\u1ea7u qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eady th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XVIII ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m sai v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XI d\u1ea1y l\u00e1nh xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1eebng h\u00e0nh sai v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XX n\u1ea7y c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t say. Ti\u1ebfng sa\u00f1\u00f1ama c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu th\u00fac, \u00fd khuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u 3 n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eebng xem th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y xa l\u00e1nh m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c thu th\u00fac. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u vui th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch \u1ea5y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea1y theo s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111em nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say tai h\u1ea1i \u1ea5y v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn n\u00ean ng\u00e0i c\u1ea5m nh\u1eb7t, d\u1ea1y th\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u trong ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sa-di gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ee1 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u00e2m c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t say s\u01b0a n\u1eefa &#8211; v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i &#8211; th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y thu th\u00fac t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 say v\u00e0 m\u00ea trong t\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh, danh, l\u1ee3i l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh say m\u00ea \u1ea5y ch\u1eefa c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em theo b\u1ecbnh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u1eefa &#8211; th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u!<\/p>\n<p>U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, c\u00f2n ph\u00ed th\u00ec gi\u1edd qu\u00ed b\u00e1u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u00e3 say r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ee7 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i sao? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00ec gi\u1edd l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c. Thay v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, t\u1ea1i sao ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u00e1ch, coi kinh, quan s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ta trong ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o sai l\u1ea7m ta di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf, m\u00e0 d\u00f9 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i, nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say kh\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng v\u1ee3 con, l\u00e0m cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 k\u00e9m vui v\u00e0 l\u1eafm khi c\u00f2n g\u00e2y g\u1ed5 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, c\u1ee9 la l\u1ed1i om s\u00f2m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m thu\u00ea, hay tin t\u01b0\u1edfng giao ph\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0m \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb sa s\u00fat, m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u00e3 say s\u01b0a r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef m\u1ed3m, gi\u1eef mi\u1ec7ng &#8211; d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, phanh phui v\u00f4 \u00edch chuy\u1ec7n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>6. R\u01b0\u1ee3u sinh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f3 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>7. Tr\u00ed \u00f3c lu m\u1edd, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfp sau, nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, sanh l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, ngu d\u1ed1t, h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c, thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. B\u1ecb t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a.<\/p>\n<p>2. H\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y g\u1ed5 (trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m m\u1ea5t danh d\u1ef1, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lu m\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec r\u01b0\u1ee3u g\u00e2y tai h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft thu th\u00fac th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng \u01b0a m\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00e0i gi\u0169a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp s\u1eaft cho ra h\u1ebft r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u00ednh v\u00e0o; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang theo phong t\u1ee5c hay \u0111\u00fang theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111ang gi\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n. T\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, l\u1ea1i thu th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eadc h\u1ea1, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3i khen.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eadc trung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 mau \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i say c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh, danh, l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, lu\u1eadn theo m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o hay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i. U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u g\u00e2y kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c trong s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1eadu ho\u1ea1n kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i thu th\u00fac s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n<p>+ Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>1. C\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh n\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng si m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng say s\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kinh s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oan tr\u00e1i, ai c\u0169ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>5. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u1ed9 ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>6. C\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1eedu nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt trong t\u00e2m [9].<\/p>\n<p>7. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gieo duy\u00ean Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>9. \u0110em m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXI<\/p>\n<p>Appam\u0101do ca dhammesu: Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>(Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXI n\u1ea7y, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n<p>1. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n<p>3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef appam\u0101da ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt &#8211; ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xa tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xa tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. Gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef th\u00ec th\u1eadt r\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00ed v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. V\u1eady n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Danh t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i &#8211; ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a appam\u0101da (danh t\u1eeb) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd &#8211; v\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m!<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef citta ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac&#8230; Sati l\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb [10], l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1eb1ng \u0111i s\u00e1t theo t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh. L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y sang chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khi \u0111ang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00e2m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m cho r\u00f5 th\u00ec n\u00ean h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n. Khi qu\u00ed v\u1ecb tham thi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec qu\u00ed v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<p>1. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kinh s\u1ee3 x\u1ea3y ra trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cho s\u01a1 th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng dhamma ta d\u1ecbch ra l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1u trung c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>Dhamma l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ee9t trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p T\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i&#8230;; r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1p \u00e1c&#8230; c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t di, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111em s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ai ph\u1ea3i nghe theo, tin theo; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t uy quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea3i nghe theo; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mua chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng b\u00f9a ph\u00e9p, l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y \u0111em cho n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111em c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng theo m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n, ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ng\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e3y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tin sau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tham c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nhau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n giai c\u1ea5p. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u xin l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ra v\u00e0 theo l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ba anh em \u00f4ng Kassapa nh\u1edd th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda&#8230; C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 danh s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c theo ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng coi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam danh d\u1ef1 cho ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>5. Dhamma c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef &#8211; \u00fd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo dhamma (ph\u00e1p) th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sanh v\u00e0o n\u01a1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXI n\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt&#8230; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a gi\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac tu. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng trong ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u xanh, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb; v\u00e0 c\u00f2n qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u, con kh\u00f4n, v\u1ee3 ngoan, b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ee3 con b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, ch\u01b0a gi\u00e0, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i. C\u00f3 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong b\u1ed9 Khuddakavibhaga r\u1eb1ng, hai ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc theo d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ecf d\u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c trong tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh \u1ea5y c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, lung l\u1ea1c theo t\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh, danh, l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Hai ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u1ec5 du\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh ra t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong Chattavagga \u1edf ph\u1ea7n Ekanipatta anguttara nik\u0101ya r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u! Nh\u01b0 Lai suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! V\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c ch\u01b0a sanh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i! N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh, l\u1ea1i sanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh, \u0111o\u1ea1n Appam\u0101davagga v\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu S\u0101m\u0101vat\u012b r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Appam\u0101do amata pada<\/p>\n<p>Pam\u0101do maccuno pada<\/p>\n<p>Appamatt\u0101 na m\u012byanti<\/p>\n<p>Ye pamatt\u0101 yath\u0101 mat\u0101\u201d.[11]<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y theo ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt:<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong b\u1ed9 kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n (th\u00e2n \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p); v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u (t\u1ee9 \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh do kh\u1ea9u (\u00c1i ng\u1eef, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh cho thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>2. B\u1ea5t t\u1eed (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>4. Xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>5. H\u01b0\u1edfng an vui trong thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng an vui.<\/p>\n<p>8. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p>10. Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>11. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>12. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>13. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>14. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>15. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>16. Sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u0100rati: Vi\u1ec5n ly, tr\u00e1nh xa. Virati: Ki\u00eang c\u1eed, ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf. P\u0101pa: \u00c1c. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Vi\u00ean Minh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: X\u1ea3 ly t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Sam\u0101d\u0101navirati: S\u1ef1 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec, ki\u00eang c\u1eed (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<p>[3] Kammakilesa: Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>[4] Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 133, 134: O\u00e1n nhau, \u0103n n\u00f3i c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia th\u00f9 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ng\u1ea7n \u1ea5y th\u00f4i. Kh\u1ed5 thay! Ph\u1eabn h\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng dao x\u00e9, ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i qua (133). T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng y\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n o\u00e1n n\u1ed9, ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i ai. M\u00f5 kia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed3i. Ai m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady k\u1ec1 n\u01a1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (134).<\/p>\n<p>[5] Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec!<\/p>\n<p>[7] Anavajj\u0101ni kamm\u0101ni: Gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>[8] Ki\u00eang c\u1eed, tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u g\u00ec? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 7 th\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n: T\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, \u0111a v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 7 ph\u00e1p th\u00f9 th\u1eafng: T\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, \u0111a v\u0103n, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>[10] Sati, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y hay d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb; th\u1eadt ra, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trong nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Sati; ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m (Sati v\u00e0 Anussati); ni\u1ec7m (Sati) l\u00e0 an l\u1eadp t\u00e2m tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn ngay. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh c\u1eeda. C\u00f2n t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m (Anussati) l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01a1 l\u00e0, ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, theo d\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng cho gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>[11] Di\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u01a1: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt: nguy nan. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c: vinh quang \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Bu\u00f4ng lung l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean (PC. 21).<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N VII<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXII<\/p>\n<p>G\u0101ravo: T\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin chia h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ea7y ra l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00ed v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh?<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec5 nghi, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng xin \u0111\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1y l\u1ee5c, ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. L\u1ea1y l\u1ee5c ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u0101rava (t\u00f4n k\u00ednh).Ch\u1eef g\u0101rava bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Garu, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng; danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, ch\u00e2n s\u01b0&#8230; H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Ta th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc d\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, ch\u00e2n s\u01b0&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Khi ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o, hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam n\u00e0o, ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng ta ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1edf trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n th\u1edd, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, b\u1eadc c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, cha m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh C\u016blakammavibhagasutta \u1edf Catutthavagga, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ean Subha r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y Subha! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c nam trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ti\u1ebfp r\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i cho b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n. N\u1ea7y thanh ni\u00ean Subha! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n&#8230; kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230; ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, ngu si, \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y thanh ni\u00ean Subha! Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay n\u1eef n\u00e0o \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n &#8211; bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau khi l\u00e2m chung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng &#8211; v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, sanh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i. N\u1ea7y thanh ni\u00ean Subha! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i an vui\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u1ea7y th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u1ecd, ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u cho\u00e1n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm hai ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c ba ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. Khuya l\u1ea1i, \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u00fd l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1edbi tr\u1ec5 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi cho nh\u00f3m ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- L\u00fac qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ba con th\u00fa. Ba con th\u00fa \u1ea5y l\u00e0 chim \u0111a \u0111a, kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 voi; ch\u00fang ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u1edbn ai nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, ba con th\u00fa \u1ea5y m\u1edbi b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 nghi, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc! C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u1edbn ai nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o nhau\u201d. Chim \u0111a \u0111a n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, h\u00e3y xem trong ch\u00fang ta ai l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m anh\u201d. Kh\u1ec9 n\u00f3i: \u201cEm ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng anh, anh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o em\u201d. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi nhau r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u1eady trong ch\u00fang ta ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?\u201d Voi \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n! T\u00f4i nh\u1edb, trong khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 voi con, m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0103n qua \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee5ng t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u1ea5y\u201d. Kh\u1ec9 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n! Khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n b\u00fa, t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u1eafn ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi \u1ea5y\u201d. Chim \u0111a \u0111a n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n! Khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb, cao tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh kia, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ong. Sau khi \u0103n no n\u00ea tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u00edn \u1ea5y, bay xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i h\u1ea1t trong \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n \u1ea5y n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y!\u201dQua s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ba con th\u00fa, ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, h\u00f3a ra con chim \u0111a \u0111a nh\u1ecf con l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00f4ng voi to x\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 em \u00fat. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 voi t\u00f4n chim \u0111a \u0111a l\u00ean l\u00e0m anh c\u1ea3; c\u1ea3 hai k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o. Chim \u0111a \u0111a d\u1ea1y kh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 voi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi. Sau khi ch\u1ebft, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi nh\u1eafc t\u00edch n\u1ea7y xong, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Lo\u00e0i th\u00fa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nhau, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o nhau thay; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, xu\u1ea5t gia theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng! X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ni\u00ean cao, l\u1ea1p l\u1edbn; \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 song &#8211; th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam qua, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u01b0u t\u00fa, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0m v\u00e0 qu\u00fd &#8211; n\u00ean d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ng\u1ee3i khen, \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gom \u00fd c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1eady: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o, d\u1ea7u vua ch\u00faa, b\u00e0 -la-m\u00f4n, n\u00f4ng gia ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia &#8211; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n &#8211; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, v\u00ec l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cao h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng, ng\u1ee3i khen, v\u1ecb lai l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0111a \u0111a, kh\u1ec9, voi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1ea1y ta n\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc ni\u00ean cao k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n minh s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u1ebf xong, n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed do s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang t\u01b0, do kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, do c\u00f3 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n bi\u1ebft ch\u00fat \u00edt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 &#8211; n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 7 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n &#8211; mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Buddhag\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dhammag\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>3. Saghag\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>4. Sikkh\u0101g\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>5. Appam\u0101dag\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>6. Sam\u0101dhig\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>7. Pa isanth\u0101rag\u0101ravat\u0101: T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed s\u1ef1, giao ti\u1ebfp, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd 7 ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thu\u1eadt c\u00e2y chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u nghe r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Satthagaru dhammagaru<\/p>\n<p>Saghe ca tibbag\u0101ravo<\/p>\n<p>Abhabbo parih\u0101niya<\/p>\n<p>Nibb\u0101nasseva santipe\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy \u0111\u1ed3i &#8211; th\u00ec th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y xin gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n k\u00ednh b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt &#8211; Ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec hai l\u1ebd:<\/p>\n<p>a. D\u00f9 thu\u1edf c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i gia, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i cao qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>b. Khi xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi, d\u00f9ng \u0111u\u1ed1c tu\u1ec7 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 tan b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u1edd t\u1ed1i v\u00f4 minh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u00f4, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, ca t\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi 09 h\u1ed3ng danh t\u1eeb \u1ee8ng C\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cung k\u1ec9nh l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec kim ng\u00f4n do ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n. Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i n\u01a1i cao h\u01a1n. Khi v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng mang gi\u00e0y, d\u00e9p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) [1] trong ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam khi \u0111i ng\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m day \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y?\u201d. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u00f4i, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Asajji &#8211; \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 c\u01b0!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t xa Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u00e0 khi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a, l\u00ean ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kim th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p &#8211; Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 dhamma m\u00e0 T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t-ma ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0m-ma.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1p, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam, dhamma (ph\u00e1p), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng cho h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i hay ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t [2].<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: Nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng, n\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, khi\u1ebfn cho ai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i \u0111en.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam, th\u00ec v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc c\u00e1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y ra ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ba chi kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>a. Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc: \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc 4 mu\u00f4n 8 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p; ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>b. Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh: L\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7; l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>c. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1eeb s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Ba ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>* Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc, bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>* Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sanh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ri\u00eang n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam cho ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p, khi nghe l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi, chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 trong t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Trong khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang trong s\u1ea1ch nghe ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec \u1edf nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang nghe ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao; ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, xin ch\u1ee7 h\u00e3y v\u1ec1 xem coi, nguy h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i r\u1ed3i!\u201d\u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1ng nghe l\u1eddi t\u00e2u b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gia nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe ph\u00e1p, mi\u1ec7ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cCh\u00fang n\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u00e2y nh\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u, h\u00e3y v\u1ec1 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean cho ta nghe ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o!\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 c\u1eeda v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n &#8211; th\u01b0a ch\u1ee7!\u201d \u00d4ng b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh n\u00f3i: \u201c\u1eea, k\u1ec7 n\u00f3! T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i; b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang mang \u0111i!\u201d R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. Gia nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111ang khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c ra ngo\u00e0i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3: \u201cB\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 mang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i\u201d. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: Ngay c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta &#8211; hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u &#8211; h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang mang \u0111i!\u201d Gia nh\u00e2n nghe ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, b\u00f4 b\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, v\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ea5y g\u00ec t\u00f9y th\u00edch. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. V\u1eady c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 t\u00f9y nghi mang v\u00e1c h\u1ebft \u0111i!\u201d Nghe c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u1ea1, b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e1t sau, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ea5n t\u1ec9nh h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y?\u201d T\u00ean gia nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cCh\u1ee7 t\u00f4i \u0111ang nghe ph\u00e1p!\u201d Y h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: \u201cV\u1eady ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec &#8211; m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n?\u201d T\u00ean gia nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft!\u201d \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eadu b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u1edf ra, l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecdn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00f3a ra ch\u00fang ta \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u0103ng v\u1ea5t; v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u1edbi th\u00ec ph\u1ecfng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec n\u1eefa? C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a nghe ph\u00e1p, xem th\u1eed n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u d\u1eef v\u1eady!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p, b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00ean xin xu\u1ea5t gia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 tu\u1ef3 theo duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb xao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m t\u01b0, d\u00f9 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta v\u1eabn tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean xem nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra! V\u1eady, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng nghe ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe ph\u00e1p, ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u P\u0101\u1e37i: Dhammo garukatappo &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u0103ng: T\u0103ng c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng: Ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng. T\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ly gia c\u1eaft \u00e1i, th\u00e2n xa m\u00f9i t\u1ee5c l\u1ee5y, theo \u0111\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u; l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n T\u0103ng th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n coi tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft r\u1ed3i, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef con m\u1eaft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111au. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f2n trong l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>5. K\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u00e1m xao l\u00e3ng. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m xao l\u00e3ng, ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i y\u00ean tr\u1ee5. Nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u00e1 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u00fd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xa r\u1eddi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Visuddhimagga c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, r\u1ea5t d\u00ednh. M\u00f9a n\u1eafng, nh\u1ef1a \u1ea5y ch\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng nhung tr\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, th\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5m nhung li\u1ec1n ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb d\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a; kh\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng hai tay \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, hai tay b\u1ecb d\u00ednh lu\u00f4n; c\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng hai ch\u00e2n ch\u1ecfi d\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh v\u00e0o. Sau r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng, kh\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 c\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 ra &#8211; th\u00ec than \u00f4i, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ef1a, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ef1a c\u00f2n d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n nh\u1ef1a kia kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 k\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. Khi c\u00f2n trong tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, th\u01b0 th\u1ea3; \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00edt nh\u01b0 con kh\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb d\u00ednh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t; sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 con c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 d\u00ednh hay tay; khi c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 b\u1ecb d\u00ednh th\u00eam hai ch\u00e2n; th\u00eam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 m\u1eafc lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ebft th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng t\u00e0i, t\u00ecnh, danh, l\u1ee3i kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 g\u1ee1 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n do nh\u1edd thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb; nh\u1edd c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00e2m say m\u00ea trong tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ho\u1ea3 t\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c tay, ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 theo phong t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a ra sao. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 K\u0101la. Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng c\u1ed9t c\u1ed5, v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2n, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng bu\u1ed9c tay. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng con n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo kinh doanh h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i cho con, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qu\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. C\u0169ng v\u00ec y\u00eau v\u1ee3, r\u00e1ng lo b\u00f4n t\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u00fat danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u1ee3 con, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3 con v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, n\u00ean tay b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111em ra cho ai c\u1ea3, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c tay\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eb1ng: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ba m\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u1ee3, c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 con. Th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u00f4m \u1ea5p, b\u00e1m v\u00edu, luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc ba m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec (sau gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tham thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c cho ta ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a cho m\u00f2n \u0111i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00edt phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ed3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1ea1i cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Bhaddiya \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u1ee9c Bhaddiya l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Th\u00edch-ca, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, oai danh l\u1eebng l\u1eaby. Sau l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng ta xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y n\u01a1i r\u1eebng thanh v\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4m kia, sau gi\u1edd thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m sung m\u00e3n h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng do \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00e2m s\u00e2u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201c\u00d4i! H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay! H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay!\u201d C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00f4m sau m\u1edbi v\u00e0o k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nghe r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Bhaddiya c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u thi\u1ebfp v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m khuya kho\u1eafc l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 nghe!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n cho g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi coi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u00ec sao \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00e2u \u1ea5y?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, khi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u00e0m v\u1ecb quan t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i binh h\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng canh tu\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n e d\u00e8, lo s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u00edch kh\u00e1ch; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eb7c hung h\u00e3n, s\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng; \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1eebng s\u00e2u hang th\u1eb3m, c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi s\u1edf h\u1eefu &#8211; \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo s\u1ee3 n\u00e0o n\u00ean th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eeba n\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat \u00edt h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n th\u1ed1t l\u00ean c\u00e2u \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2u lo, kinh s\u1ee3. An vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u00e2u lo, kinh s\u1ee3?<\/p>\n<p>6. T\u00f4n k\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i &#8211; \u00fd n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng phung ph\u00ed th\u00ec gi\u1edd qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i &#8211; c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i b\u1eadc cao.<\/p>\n<p>+ Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>a. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u00e1i, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, khuy\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m suy ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>+ V\u1ec1 b\u1eadc cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n<p>a. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m tham lam theo tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c trong khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, trong khi g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n<p>c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m si m\u00ea, u t\u1ed1i, l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i trong tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>7. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i: S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p x\u00e3 giao l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>a. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ta ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt vui v\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>b. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh; ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh; sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 khi \u0111i l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1p t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 phong h\u00f3a, m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho con ch\u00e1u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra s\u1ef1 an vui.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>13. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>14. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>15. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>16. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXIII<\/p>\n<p>Niv\u0101to: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef niv\u0101ta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 im ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXII d\u1ea1y t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXIII n\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng hai ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 nhau, hay, t\u1ef1u trung, hai ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ta, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n<p>1. N\u012bcamant\u0101: C\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p>2. Nihatam\u0101no: Kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Nihatadappo: D\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u &#8211; g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n: Ta l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, ta l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0u sang.<\/p>\n<p>4. P\u0101dapu\u00f1chana co\u1e37akasadiso: V\u00ed nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i lau ch\u00e2n. \u00dd n\u00f3i mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i lau ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec h\u1ebft, ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i lau ch\u00e2n \u1ea5y v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i c\u00e2u, ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eed ta m\u00ea theo, \u0111\u1eb7ng mau \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i tai h\u1ea1i. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>5. Chinnavis\u0101 asabh\u0101samo: V\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u00f2 b\u1ecb g\u1eaby s\u1eebng. Khi b\u00f2 b\u1ecb g\u1eaby s\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o d\u00e1m g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m b\u00e1ng h\u00fac, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ai. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 \u00e1i b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n, th\u00e0nh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>6. Uddhathad\u0101sasapp\u0101sa : V\u00ed nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 n\u1ecdc. \u00dd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 r\u1eafn, l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 r\u1eafn c\u00f3 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c, khi r\u1eafn b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ai s\u1ee3. Ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c g\u00ec h\u1ebft, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111i t\u1edbi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>7. Sa ho: Nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>8. Sakhino: Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>9. Sammodano: Vui v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>10. Muduko: M\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>11. Sukhasambh\u0101so: N\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>a. \u0110em s\u1ef1 vui v\u1ebb cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>c. L\u00e0m cho l\u1ed7 tai m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00eam \u00e1i, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110i chung hay \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a m\u1ebfn k\u00ednh y\u00eau.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>5. Ai ai c\u0169ng th\u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>6. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho m\u00ecnh trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n<p>8. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao qu\u00ed h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXIV<\/p>\n<p>Santu h\u012b: Tri t\u00fac vui th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3<\/p>\n<p>(Tri t\u00fac)<\/p>\n<p>Tri t\u00fac ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 (hay l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n). Santu h\u012b c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eebsantussati, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf trong v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, santu h\u012b c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tri t\u00fac, an vui, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tri t\u00fac c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham lam, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Alaggabh\u0101vakkhano: C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc theo ph\u00e1p; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng say m\u00ea trong c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n (?) [4]<\/p>\n<p>2. Apariggaharaso: C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (?) [5]<\/p>\n<p>3. Anall\u012bnabh\u0101vapadatth\u0101no: C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 tru\u1ef5 l\u1ea1c theo tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 (?) [6]<\/p>\n<p>4. Yonisomanasik\u0101rapadatth\u0101no: C\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tham l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng (?) [7]<\/p>\n<p>+ Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 tri t\u00fac th\u00ec ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft qua 3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a tri t\u00fac:<\/p>\n<p>1. Sekena santoso (?) [8]: Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Santenasantoso (?): Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>3. Samena santoso (?): Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd n\u00f3i, c\u1ee7a n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tri t\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3), \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u01b0a th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tri t\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ebft &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng xin \u00f4ng cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd xin gi\u1ea3i cho \u00f4ng r\u00f5.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1ng A H\u1ea1ng B<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ta Kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ta<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00eau v\u1ee3 con Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau v\u1ee3 con<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>Hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean h\u1ea1ng A t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn tri t\u00fac, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh tri t\u00fac v\u1eady. Ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i? \u00d4ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1ng A l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tri t\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1i sao n\u1eefa! \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ta, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111ang v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi v\u1ee3 con c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3, th\u01b0\u01a1ng con m\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; \u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u1ee3 con kh\u00e1c th\u00ec nguy to! T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c sao? Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang c\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y theo ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cnh\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1ea5t th\u00e2n vinh\u201d! H\u00e3y nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u1eed xem?<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng \u1ea5y g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u1ed2, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady! \u0110\u00fang qu\u00e1! Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tri t\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111ang c\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o tri t\u00fac ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: C\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u00f2n t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 suy g\u1eabm l\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng ta l\u1ea1i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, ta ch\u00e1n b\u00e0 nh\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng tri t\u00fac. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri t\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho l\u00e0nh! Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ed t\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri t\u00fac t\u00e0o lao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng ta l\u1ea1i g\u1eadt g\u00f9: T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i! Ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1i g\u00ec tri t\u00fac v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o n\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang, mi\u1ec5n ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta kh\u00f4ng ngu si g\u00ec m\u00e0 tri t\u00fac, khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u0103n minh &#8211; ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Ngay ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, d\u1ea1y bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ec7n nghi cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o, bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, san s\u1ebb \u00e1o c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 hay t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mong v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng ai ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i ba v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu tri t\u00fac n\u00ean l\u00f2ng tham d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t sanh, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, tham nh\u0169ng, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9&#8230; Tri t\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc b\u1ec1n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00f2ng tham lam. Khi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a g\u00ec ch\u00ednh tay ta l\u00e0m ra, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, ta c\u0169ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1eaft c\u00e1, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf trong tay, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 con c\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri t\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi hai c\u00e1imu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ta &#8211; l\u00e0 ta kh\u1ed5. Khi c\u00e1i mu\u1ed1n trong l\u00f2ng gia t\u0103ng, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- Th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri t\u00fac cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ecfa th\u00edch, mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hay th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, tho\u1ea3 th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00ecnh th\u1ecfa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ai kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: V\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y theo s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ba \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>1. Yath\u0101l\u0101bha: V\u1eeba v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>2. Yath\u0101bala: V\u1eeba v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>3. Yath\u0101s\u0101rupa: V\u1eeba v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eeba v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb: Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129. N\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec n\u00ean bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia hay l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c cao h\u1ea1. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec n\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, l\u01b0\u01a1ng y, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n&#8230; m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac trong \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu tri t\u00fac v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb l\u00e2m v\u00e0o hai t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>a. Lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i &#8211; hay sinh b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng &#8211; l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch, sinh gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>b. Kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u1eebng \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eeba v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; tu\u1ef3 theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea5y. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi ta bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 cao, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eeba v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn: Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ed9i tham nhi\u1ec1u khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng h\u1eadu h\u0129 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 tri t\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00ed v\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 &#8211; nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 tri t\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n<p>1. Tri t\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia:<\/p>\n<p>Tri t\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 tri t\u00fac trong t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng: Y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 tri t\u00fac trong y ph\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb9p, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tam y. C\u00f3 v\u1ecb tri t\u00fac th\u1ecd h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn y c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1ea5y v\u1ea3i d\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m y, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 th\u00e1p, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e2ng c\u00fang y. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y trong th\u00e0nh. Khi suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng x\u1ea5u xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng x\u1ea5u xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n\u201d. T\u00e2m ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee3t tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111au b\u1ee5ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp, v\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 trong t\u1ea5m ch\u0103n cho\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111em li\u1ec7ng t\u1ea5m ch\u0103n \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c. S\u00e1ng \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m ch\u0103n cho\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea9n ru\u1ed3i l\u1eb1n bu \u0111\u1ea7y. Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1eafp tay x\u00e1, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c chung, th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cT\u00f4i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c! T\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00ed T\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta! Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u, \u0111i l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1ea5y v\u1ea3i b\u1ecdc t\u1eed thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb b\u1ecf trong r\u1eebng l\u00e0m y ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111ang n\u00f3i, l\u00f2ng ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u00c2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, trung \u0111\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac trong t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Tri t\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia:<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 n\u00ean tri t\u00fac trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i &#8211; nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u00e1i t\u1eed x\u1ee9 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b d\u1eabn v\u1ee3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh ch\u01a1i. Khi \u1ea5y, th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Kinn\u0101r\u012b l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eeda chim, th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea3m c\u00e1i s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y n\u00ean b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 m\u00e0 \u0111i theo Kinn\u0101r\u012b. B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Asit\u0101bhu th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9i b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi, b\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn xin tham thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. B\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1i t\u1eed theo n\u00e0ng Kinn\u0101r\u012b \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, n\u00e0ng b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i bay cao. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao, \u0111\u00e0nh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u1eeba v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u00e0 li\u1ec1n bay l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p. \u00d4ng m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u1eddi o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tri t\u00fac, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham lam qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd b\u1ebfn, th\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i &#8211; t\u00f4i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Asit\u0101bhu c\u0169ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tham lam qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 say \u0111\u1eafm v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ecd th\u1ea7n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, nghe th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tri t\u00fac, tham lam qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed ham m\u00ea n\u00e0ng Kinn\u0101r\u012b m\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u00e0ng Asit\u0101bhu. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec tham lam, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac n\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed cho qu\u00ed v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac trong ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 an vui, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra s\u1ef1 an vui n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t, v\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 s\u01a1 th\u00f4i, mong r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri t\u00fac h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. D\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo l\u1eafng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Xa d\u1ea7n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01a1 th\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>5. Xa \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>6. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>7. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i d\u1ea7n ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>8. H\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>9. Lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>10. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>11. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>12. \u0110ang \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>13. \u0110ang \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>14. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n ch\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>15. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>16. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>17. \u0110\u00e8 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>18. T\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>19. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXV<\/p>\n<p>Kata\u00f1\u00f1ut\u0101: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>(Tri \u00e2n)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef kata\u00f1\u00f1\u016b c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 &#8211; bi\u1ebft \u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh. \u00dd n\u00f3i, ai \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho ta, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m qu\u00ean, c\u1ee9 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta. \u00dd n\u00f3i, ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1ecfi n\u1ea1n tai v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u00f9y theo h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<p>1. Pubbak\u0101r\u012b [9]: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, cha m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kata\u00f1\u00f1\u016b: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u trong h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, c\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm?<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea7y trong t\u00e2m, n\u00ean khi l\u00e0m \u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o &#8211; trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd \u01a1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng h\u1ecd. \u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb \u01a1n hay \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u &#8211; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u01a1n v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u00edt. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u01a1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha hay d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ghi l\u1ea5y \u01a1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0o th\u00e2m t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, sang gi\u00e0u hay c\u1ee9u sanh m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1edb \u01a1n ta.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng to b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u xong, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ta.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eddi \u201cl\u00e0m \u01a1n tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n\u201d:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0m voi ch\u00faa \u1edf trong r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111i l\u1ea1c. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t voi ch\u00faa tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u1ea5y tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1edbi ven r\u1eebng. Khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi t\u1eebng kh\u00f3m c\u00e2y, t\u1eebng l\u1ed1i \u0111i; h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1eb7p ng\u00e0 c\u1ee7a voi ch\u00faa, v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu h\u00e0o quang ng\u0169 s\u1eafc, \u0111em b\u00e1n ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u sau, anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm voi ch\u00faa B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00e1m c\u1ea3 gan m\u1edf l\u1eddi xin c\u1eb7p ng\u00e0. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean khi anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n xin, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i vui l\u00f2ng cho li\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc. T\u00ean th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0 to v\u00e0 d\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean y ch\u1ec9 c\u01b0a l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u00ean th\u1ee3 s\u0103n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u1eefa, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee5t, n\u00ean y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebdo, \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0. Sau khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u00e0 ch\u00f3t, t\u00ean th\u1ee3 s\u0103n r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m vui th\u00edch, mang v\u1ec1. Voi ch\u00faa B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u0169ng m\u00e1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n than hay phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 g\u00ec h\u1ebft; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t vui l\u00f2ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n &#8211; l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sanh m\u1ea1ng &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u d\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf n\u1ed5i n\u00fai non v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1edf kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ee9t ra v\u00e0 h\u1eafn ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00fat ch\u1ebft, sau khi v\u1eeba \u0111i khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a voi ch\u00faa B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. T\u00ean th\u1ee3 s\u0103n b\u1ecb sanh v\u00e0o A-t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7ng c\u01a1m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u00e0y kia, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9t c\u01a1m n\u00e0o. Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la m\u00f4n t\u00ean R\u0101dha d\u00e2ng cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7ng c\u01a1m. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng R\u0101dha gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o, l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1n h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ecbn ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7ng c\u01a1m!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t xin l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng R\u0101dha.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n khen ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u01a1n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7ng c\u01a1m\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khi n\u00fap b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y xong, l\u00fac ra \u0111i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 b\u1ee9t<\/p>\n<p>m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c &#8211; v\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n<p>ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft \u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi c\u00f2n du s\u0129 h\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji \u0111ang \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c trong th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1. \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac, d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thong dong t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ly tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c; ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd theo sau \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e3i. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c; ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n lo m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, l\u00f3t t\u1ecda c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, d\u00e2ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c; v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t b\u00ean h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ee3i sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac, tinh th\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? Ai l\u00e0 T\u00f4n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i? Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y v\u1edbi ai?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e0y ch\u00e0ng du s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i! Ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Sa-m\u00f4n d\u00f2ng Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ngh\u0129: C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du s\u0129 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o cao s\u00e1ng, \u0103n n\u00f3i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 &#8211; th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm &#8211; v\u1eady trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf s\u00e1ng m\u1eaft cho \u00f4ng ta. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y ch\u00e0ng du s\u0129! B\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 c\u0103n, l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 cho \u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y \u00f4m ch\u00e2n b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c, tha thi\u1ebft n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i sa-m\u00f4n! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0 Upatissa (t\u00ean khi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o coi s\u00f3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. V\u1eady xin ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb bi thuy\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nghe nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tinh y\u1ebfu, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t &#8211; d\u00f9 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u v\u00e0i l\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, suy g\u1eabm b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c ph\u00e0m phu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji nghe l\u1eddi th\u01b0a b\u1ea1ch, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n n\u00ean g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i! V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd t\u00f3m t\u1eaft gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 &#8211; h\u00e3y l\u1eafng tai \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 li\u1ec5u tri:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYe dhamm\u0101 hetuppabhav\u0101<\/p>\n<p>Tesa hetu Tath\u0101gato<\/p>\n<p>\u0100ha tesa ca yo nirodho<\/p>\n<p>Eva v\u0101d\u012b Mah\u0101 Samano!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh do b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Sa-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t v\u1eafn \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf [10]. \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>Sau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t gia v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i qu\u00ean \u01a1n th\u1ea7y trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ng\u00e0i. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, ng\u00e0i day m\u1eaft qua h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ecd nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji \u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi khen ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, v\u00ec trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XI d\u1ea1y n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 m\u1eb9 cha, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 XIII d\u1ea1y c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac 25 (XXV) l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Kata\u00f1\u00f1ut\u0101ya sappurisabn\u016bmiya thatv\u0101 (?) &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXV n\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh?<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ta th\u1ecd \u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ta. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u01a1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0m \u01a1n hay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y v\u00e0 v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u01a1n, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p d\u1ecbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd \u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n r\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u00edt ai ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady . N\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXV d\u1ea1y bi\u1ebft \u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ai ai c\u0169ng ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p cao qu\u00ed trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXVI<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101lena dhammassavana : N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh t\u00f9y th\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>(\u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi nghe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: \u201cTu\u1ef3 th\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p\u201d; v\u00ec h\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng, thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn n\u00ean h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9ng t\u00e1m, r\u1eb1m, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba v\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i. N\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1eddi gi\u1edd nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p>1. Buddhapa\u00f1\u00f1atti [11]: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>2. Buddhav\u0101da: L\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p cho. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nghe ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: V\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p; hay sau n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh hay ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong t\u1ea1ng kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111em s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 4 \u201ct\u00f9y th\u1eddi\u201d:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00f9y th\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00f9y th\u1eddi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00f9y th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u00f9y th\u1eddi h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>* Nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p &#8211; c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>(1) Nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y nghe n\u00f3i \u0111i nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd li\u1ec1n \u0111i theo \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, khi nghe ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe th\u00f4i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang say r\u01b0\u1ee3u ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o nghe ph\u00e1p, khi nghe kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Tuy v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh nghe ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kakusandha c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i \u1edf g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y g\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ti\u1ebfng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m vui tai th\u00edch nghe. Sau l\u1ea1i, g\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt. Nh\u1edd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghe kinh \u1ea5y n\u00ean g\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa t\u00ean Upphar\u012b, sau \u0111\u00f3 trong s\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t gia theo ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, trong khi \u0111i c\u1ea7u, b\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ecd d\u00f2i l\u00fac nh\u00fac \u0111ang gi\u00e0nh nhau \u0103n ph\u1ea9n trong c\u1ea7u. L\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ecd d\u00f2i \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111ang tranh gi\u00e0nh nhau mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i danh l\u1ee3i &#8211; m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i \u1ea5y &#8211; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n h\u1eb1ng ch\u00ea b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o ng\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. T\u1eeb c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00e0 sanh l\u00e0m con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3; h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp con c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i sanh l\u00e0m heo \u1edf th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7. Khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, heo ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch; nh\u1edd qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y n\u00ean sanh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m con g\u00e1i \u1edf x\u1ee9 Suva aphuma. R\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfp ch\u00f3t b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m n\u00e0ng Suman\u0101 \u1edf x\u1ee9 Anuruddhap\u016br\u012b. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y l\u00e0 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ki\u1ebfp. Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mah\u0101tula \u1edf ch\u00f9a Koti tr\u00ean n\u00fai, th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 Suman\u0101, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y coi k\u00eca! Con heo \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 sanh l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n.\u201d Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u1ea5y, b\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, n\u00ean b\u00e0 xin ch\u1ed3ng cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t gia. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia xong, b\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc Tu-\u0111a-ho\u00e0n qu\u1ea3, sau \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y, vi\u1ec7c nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta<\/p>\n<p>, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nghe, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ta \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 sau n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. \u00dd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghe, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng &#8211; h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng l\u00fd l\u1ebd cao s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch &#8211; nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u nghe tin m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch Vessantara trong t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. Trong t\u00edch \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7. T\u1eeb ch\u00f9a, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p xa m\u1ed9t do tu\u1ea7n (16 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0n) nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i h\u00e0ng m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0n, n\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ebft ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc n\u00ean kh\u00f3c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nam th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi han t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1. Sau khi nghe hi\u1ec3u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nam \u1ea5y m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed9ng m\u1ed1i bi t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee3i khi n\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho m\u00e0 nghe, m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch Vessantara, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i nghe thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u00e2u s\u1eafc g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t &#8211; ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Trong t\u00edch n\u1ea7y ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nghe ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nghe, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>(3) Nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo. \u00dd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kinh s\u1ee3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed5 &#8211; khi nghe ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m sao cho ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y, t\u00e2m t\u01b0; c\u1ed1 gom t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; khi \u1ea5y n\u0103m ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i (n\u012bvara a) [12] c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u1eafng y\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 [13] ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i:<\/p>\n<p>1. Atthikatv\u0101 [14]: Khi nghe ph\u00e1p, c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, c\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y v\u00e0o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>2. Manasik\u0101ra [15]: D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe.<\/p>\n<p>3. Sabba cetas\u0101 man\u0101 haritv\u0101 [16]: Thu th\u00fac t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p \u0111ang nghe l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ohitasota: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nghe th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>+ Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nghe ph\u00e1p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u th\u00eam ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>3. Di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m cho tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>5. Nghe ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe.<\/p>\n<p>3. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>5. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>6. T\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>7. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0: Suy ngh\u0129 trong tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c, suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i [17].<\/p>\n<p>8. Tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ta mau \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>13. L\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>14. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>15. L\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui th\u01a1 th\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>16. L\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c du h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 tai m\u00e8o l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm, ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u gai g\u00f3c&#8230; th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p mang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e9p b\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ecf, lau s\u1eady, da v\u1ecf c\u00e2y&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[2] C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u1eeb Duy Th\u1ee9c (ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba) khi lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p: Nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, qu\u1ef9 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o nh\u1eadm t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8211; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 sanh ra nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Theo Therav\u0101da th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh: Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang l\u00e0), v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian (kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian), \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y (quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1edd), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng(ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c), t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>[4] Alaggabh\u0101va: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, d\u00ednh l\u00edu; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t, b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Apariggahita: Kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Bh\u0101va: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh&#8230; Padatth\u0101na: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>[7] Yonisomanasik\u0101ra: Nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd (Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang \u1edbi l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt). Padatth\u0101na: nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch 36.<\/p>\n<p>[8] Santosa: S\u1ef1 vui v\u1ebb, s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Pubbak\u0101r\u012b: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n khai, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i xa n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a).<\/p>\n<p>[10] Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho r\u00f5: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t sanh n\u00e0y ( T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed s\u1ea7u bi \u01b0u n\u00e3o &#8211; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 (Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf). Do b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eaft nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y (Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf) &#8211; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n<p>[11] Pa\u00f1\u00f1atti: Ngh\u0129a theo Abhidhamma th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8211; nh\u01b0ng theo kinh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, quan ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ec7 lu\u1eadt &#8211; ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>[12] 5 ph\u00e1p c\u00e1i, 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea5n, v\u1ea5n (tri\u1ec1n), che l\u1ea5p t\u00e2m tr\u00ed (c\u00e1i) &#8211; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0: H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean; nghi, s\u00e2n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>[13] Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n: Ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>[14] Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch 89 &#8211; t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; do Atthi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 Katv\u0101, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m (\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Karoti).<\/p>\n<p>[15] T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m, t\u00e1c \u00fd, kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m; \u0111\u00f4i n\u01a1i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>[16] C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mang \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m \u00fd x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>[17] D\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy, h\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy, s\u00e2n t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N VIII<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXVII<\/p>\n<p>Khant\u012b: Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<p>Khant\u012b, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa &#8211; nh\u01b0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, ng\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o binh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t sanh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang ngh\u0129a nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00edn thinh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn la r\u1ea7y k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u1ea7u oan, k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn n\u00edn thinh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i &#8211; ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec l\u1ec5 nghi hay v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00edn thinh, r\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3. T\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00edn nh\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3i n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi hay m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Bh\u0101yahi se havaco khamatha sara bhahetu pana s\u0101disassa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 la r\u1ea7y m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, n\u00edn ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u00edn nh\u1ecbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, r\u1ea7y la, khinh b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: T\u1eeb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00ec n\u00ean h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cG\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec tu, g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 th\u00ec tr\u1eeb\u201d[1]. G\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec tu l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ta l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh l\u00e1nh d\u1eef, v\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec khi g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 tu. C\u00f2n c\u00e2u g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? C\u00e2u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i tu. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n sau th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn, n\u00ean t\u00f4i xin ch\u1eefa m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i sau \u1ea5y l\u00e0: G\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00ec qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ta u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 ta nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ta tu, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 ta tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7, th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu n\u1eefa. Theo t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef7 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch coi ta tu t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ta \u0111em ra th\u1eed l\u00f2ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta. Qu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, m\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u1eeda ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n<p>1. Titikkh\u0101 [2] khant\u012b: Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i do oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m ch\u1ea1y theo tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra \u1edf th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>2. Tapakhant\u012b [3]: S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1eadc trung b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00dd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<p>3. Adhiva akhant\u012b [4]: Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n l\u00e0m cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng; ngo\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m &#8211; l\u00e0 th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m &#8211; r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>1. Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5: Khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u1ed1m \u0111au ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00ean la, than o\u00e1n g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc: Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm b\u00e1t c\u01a1m, m\u1ea1nh \u00e1o; l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7n cho v\u1ee3, cho con &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, than kh\u1ed5, than c\u1ef1c &#8211; v\u1eabn l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd l\u00e0m xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111au l\u00f2ng: Khi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t sinh ly, g\u1eb7p ph\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 \u01a1n, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 than van o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u ai, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ai, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n kia n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, \u0111\u00fang theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: Tasseva tena \u0101piyo yo kuddha patikujjhati: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 gi\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadn m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadn m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i theo ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 adosa citta, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mah\u0101kusala.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hay, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u1ed1 d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>5. C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng hung d\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>7. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi l\u1ee5y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ai b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn &#8211; ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui v\u1ebb, hoan h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>8. T\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 th\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ebfc, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c khen hay ch\u00ea, r\u1ea7y la ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng. Cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 &#8211; nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 t\u00ean Khant\u012bv\u0101d\u012b h\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua say r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pu a m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u1ee9t trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. T\u00f4i xin l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eafc c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u1ea5y theo t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>* Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Khant\u012bv\u0101d\u012b<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Kunda \u1edf t\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b. Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1edf t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Truy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c vua B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kul\u0101pu u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u say, d\u1eabn phi t\u1ea7n v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy\u1ec3n ch\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ee9c vua v\u00ec say n\u00ean ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean. C\u00e1c phi t\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y vua ng\u1ee7, n\u00ean t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3, g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, m\u1edbi r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi t\u1ec9nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0111\u1ee9c vua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi t\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, b\u1ef1c qu\u00e1, \u00f4ng x\u00e1ch g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111i t\u00ecm. Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua y\u00eau nh\u1ee9t, gi\u1ef1t l\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i hung t\u00ednh. Khi vua \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m phi t\u1ea7n \u0111ang cung k\u00ednh v\u00e2y quanh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u0103m ch\u00fa l\u1eafng nghe ph\u00e1p &#8211; v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129! \u00d4ng \u0111ang tu c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! B\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng tu theo ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, khinh b\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Nghe v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c vua m\u1ec9m n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi cay \u0111\u1ed9c, n\u00f3i l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, ta s\u1ebd xem ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ee5i b\u00e2y h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e8 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 n\u1ea7y xu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea5y roi, qu\u1ea5t cho m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2n tay, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, m\u1eb7t m\u0169i \u00f4ng ta &#8211; xem th\u1eed \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 s\u0129 l\u00e0m y theo l\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, y \u00e1o r\u00e1ch n\u00e1t t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i, l\u1ea5m lem, b\u00ea b\u1ebft m\u00e1u &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c vua g\u1eb7ng h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e1m nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn qu\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng r\u00e1ng ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i! Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i th\u1ecbt, n\u01a1i da c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y, b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn xung thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c vua h\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ecdn b\u00e2y h\u00e3y ch\u1eb7t tay, ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn ta, xem th\u1eed h\u1eafn c\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1m v\u1ec7 s\u0129 y l\u1eddi. Tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00ea th\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi tay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00eca, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u00ean la, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i &#8211; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i! Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n, n\u01a1i tay &#8211; m\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o!<\/p>\n<p>Vua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 \u00e1i b\u1edfi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00ec l\u1ee3m &#8211; t\u00edm m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1t:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y l\u1eaft m\u0169i, x\u1ebbo tai&#8230; \u00f4ng ta lu\u00f4n!<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i m\u0169i, n\u01a1i tai, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thua cu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao &#8211; m\u1edbi n\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, r\u1ed3i h\u1ea7m h\u1ea7m b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1edf n\u1ed5i n\u00fai non, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf n\u1ed5i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua hung b\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3 n\u1ee9t l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ee5p ch\u1ebft, sanh v\u00e0o A-t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi vua ra \u0111i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan h\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lau m\u00e1u cho \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i! N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 gi\u1eadn, xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y gi\u1eadn nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 ng\u00e0i, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u1ea7m r\u1ed3i! B\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn ai c\u1ea3! Nh\u00e0 vua n\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tay, c\u1eaft tai, x\u1ebbo m\u0169i ta &#8211; b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c vua hung b\u1ea1o \u1ea5y, b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00ed h\u00f3a thay, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129; m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh thanh khi\u1ebft \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00ed b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0n sau, ch\u00fang sanh soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady, th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, ai mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tu hay kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1eed l\u1eeda trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn&#8230; G\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tham, t\u00e2m ta th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? G\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m ta th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ta tu t\u1eadp, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta! N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tu theo ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m lung l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ebfn ta &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u00f2ng ta, coi ta tu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb d\u00f9ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, hung \u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pu a trong t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>* Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pu a<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean Pu a \u1edf x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 S\u0101vatth\u012b (Th\u1ea5t-la-phi\u1ec7t), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u00ean \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o \u0111em h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 trao l\u1ea1i cho em l\u00e0 C\u016blapu a &#8211; r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tham thi\u1ec1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. T\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Th\u1ea5t-la-phi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t do n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y phong th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta &#8211; sinh qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &#8211; n\u00ean v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xin \u0111i v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed xin \u0111i x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1n c\u0103n c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch cam go, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh h\u00f3a &#8211; n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Pu a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Trong t\u1ea1ng kinh b\u1ed9 Majjhimanik\u0101ya, b\u00e0i kinh Pu av\u0101dasutta c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y Pu a! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta r\u1ea5t hung \u00e1c, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y ch\u1eedi \u00f4ng, do\u1ea1 n\u1ea1t \u00f4ng, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u00f4ng &#8211; th\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng, do\u1ea1 n\u1ea1t, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed &#8211; \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta t\u1eed t\u1ebf qu\u00e1, th\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ebf &#8211; v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng tay, \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1ebd ch\u00fac ph\u00fac an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e0y Pu a! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tay, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n &#8211; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng tay, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n &#8211; \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t &#8211; v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y Pu a! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta ch\u1ecdi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 &#8211; th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd x\u1eed s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd ra sao?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f9i, b\u1eb1ng g\u1eady!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f9i, g\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng sao, v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng \u0111ao v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng \u0111ao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9m, d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m th\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa hay ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00e9m ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng gi\u00f9m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00e1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u01b0 thanh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb qu\u00e1n 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y &#8211; trong th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c &#8211; nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed may m\u1eafn l\u00e0m sao &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1ea5y &#8211; l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1i th\u00e2n h\u00f4i h\u00e1m, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1ecf l\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0nh thay! L\u00e0nh thay! Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o th\u00ec Pu a v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n &#8211; cho d\u00f9 sanh m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c! \u0110\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 tu, kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh: L\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3! N\u00e0y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Pu a! \u00d4ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u00f3a! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, hung b\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o kia s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i Pu a nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ch\u1eedi, do\u1ea1 n\u1ea1t, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc; \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng tay ch\u00e2n; ch\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f9i g\u1eady; ch\u00e9m \u0111\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm; gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed! \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Pu a \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng, d\u1ecda n\u1ea1t, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ri\u00eang ng\u00e0i, nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Sun\u0101paranta \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cao qu\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu ta \u1edf chung v\u1edbi b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n nh\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m cho ta bu\u1ed3n gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c &#8211; m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb nh\u1edb, khi n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p qu\u1ec9 th\u00ec r\u00e1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, hai l\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9, th\u1eadt phi\u1ec1n l\u1eafm v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pu a m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta soi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo. G\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hy sinh cho gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Sun\u0101paranta l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0i lao kh\u1ed5, mi\u1ec5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i kinh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c bi l\u1ee5y bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u00e1c, n\u00f3i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong t\u00e2m. V\u1eady ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t l\u00f2ng ta coi l\u00f2ng ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n th\u00ec ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 im h\u01a1i l\u1eb7ng ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4i. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n h\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m oan tr\u00e1i h\u00e3y c\u00f2n trong t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m trong t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu khi nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng ta m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, vui v\u1ebb th\u00ec \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 trong l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn vui v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00ec th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, \u00fd n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c trong hai t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i n\u00fai th\u00e1p Cetiyapabbata. Khi \u1ea5y nh\u1eb1m m\u00f9a n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, tr\u1eddi th\u1eadt n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i tham thi\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa n\u01a1i tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5 ra. Ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1ch xin ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i trong m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cV\u00ec s\u1ee3 n\u00f3ng n\u00ean ta m\u1edbi ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y\u201d. Ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cL\u1eeda \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c n\u00f3 n\u00f3ng g\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng n\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c con \u1ea1!\u201d Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3ng \u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1m \u0103n c\u1ea3 ba ng\u00e0y, b\u1ecb c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i d\u00e0y v\u00f2, h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Khi ta c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong c\u00f5i sa-b\u00e0 n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n ta sanh l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3i, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, g\u1ea5p tri\u1ec7u, g\u1ea5p t\u1ef7 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf xong, t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t kinh s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd khuy\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh&#8230; chi ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, d\u1eabu kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y gi\u00fap cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i mong \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Trong t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sarabhaga, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Sarabhaga c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n tr\u00e1ch, than van. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00ea bai, khinh b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u1ea7y la c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ebd s\u1ee3; nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u1ee3 oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, h\u00e8n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng ca t\u1ee5ng ng\u1ee3i khen ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddinh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edch k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn gi\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa A-tu-la thi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi 33. L\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, b\u1eaft A-tu-la v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 tr\u00f3i l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9t c\u1edd. A-tu-la v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb hung \u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 b\u00f2, l\u00e0 l\u1eeba, l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh; ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eafng ho\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o A-tu-la th\u1eafng, khi \u1ea5y ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1eb1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc A-tu-la v\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean t\u00ean Matal\u012b h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ecdn A-tu-la ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 hay v\u00ec nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec s\u1ee3 A-tu-la v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ta n\u00edn nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00e2u. Ta \u0111ang th\u1eed t\u00e2m nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta! Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p cao qu\u00ed, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh (c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c) m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi tay m\u00ecnh, y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: A-tu-la v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tay ng\u00e0i, mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: L\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, roi v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t &#8211; v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n! \u00bb [5]<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n gi\u1eadn v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f2ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh Vasettha c\u00f2n n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadn gi\u1eb7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: D\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ta l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u00e8n y\u1ebfu, nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u1eadp tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chi ph\u1ed1i. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang gi\u1eadn d\u1eef l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, n\u00ean m\u1edbi la l\u1ed1i hay l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, khi ch\u01b0a gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m r\u1ea5t b\u00e9n, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 5 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn y\u00eau.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u oan tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n, si m\u00ea trong khi s\u1eafp l\u00e2m chung.<\/p>\n<p>5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00ean nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng P\u0101\u1e37i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Akkosa vadhabandha\u00f1ca adu ho yo titikkhati<\/p>\n<p>Khant\u012bbala bal\u0101 \u012bka tam aha br\u016bmi br\u0101hma a !\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng,<\/p>\n<p>+ S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>3. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kinh kh\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 oan tr\u00e1i o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>8. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh an tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4n ho\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>11. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXVIII<\/p>\n<p>Sovacassat\u0101 : N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<p>(Thi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n, l\u1eddi nhu h\u00f2a)<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>1. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<p>2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh cho ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sanh l\u00ean do s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>(1) H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0, khi c\u00f3 ai d\u1ea1y cho \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n gi\u1eadn hay l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nghe, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ecf v\u1ebb h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o l\u1ed7i cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, may c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng an vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eedu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, trong b\u00e0i kinh Sattamasutta b\u1ed9 Anguttaranik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, vui l\u00f2ng v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh Amm\u0101nasutta \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng, xin qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i h\u00e0nh! Ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo &#8211; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng khi nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u1ed1 xa l\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y, c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng: M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng khen v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea! T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? T\u1ea1i sao d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng khen, h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! C\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y; nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, thu\u1ed1c men&#8230; Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf ra m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y &#8211; nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 &#8211; \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, danh v\u1ecdng &#8211; h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n&#8230; Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. V\u1eady c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 do ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 v\u00ec danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng cung k\u00ednh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u1ef7 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, sang tr\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, ni\u00ean cao, k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n &#8211; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 trong t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i R\u0101dha sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u00e0i R\u0101dha tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, sau xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00e2ng theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, n\u00ean sau ba th\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t gia \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u1ecfi: N\u1ea7y X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t! V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! \u00d4ng R\u0101dha tuy gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n gi\u1eadn hay t\u1ecf v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, l\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y R\u0101dha! Nh\u1edd d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, th\u1ea7y R\u0101dha \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho ta c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho v\u00e0ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n, s\u1eafm c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i bu\u00f4n xa, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111i ngang qua m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u D\u1ea1 Xoa c\u00e1i. Khi c\u00f3 ghe thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm, D\u1ea1 Xoa v\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111em v\u1ec1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, sau \u0103n th\u1ecbt. \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y, ghe c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm, D\u1ea1 Xoa v\u1edbt c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea1 Xoa n\u00f3i: H\u00f4m nay th\u1eadt l\u00e0 may m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ba th\u00e1ng, \u0111i bu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm ghe ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, v\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ec ham m\u00ea s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0102n \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m, ch\u1ee3t \u00f4ng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng tinh \u00fd, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam, D\u1ea1 Xoa v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1eafng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u1edbi v\u1ec1. \u00d4ng sanh nghi m\u1edbi r\u00ecnh coi th\u00ec b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 D\u1ea1 Xoa \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n \u0111i &#8211; v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng! Trong s\u1ed1 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, bi\u1ebft nghe l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng; s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1ea1i \u0111ang m\u00ea man \u0111\u1eafm say trong tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghe l\u1eddi!<\/p>\n<p>Duy\u00ean may \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a th\u1ea7n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Val\u0101haka \u1edf t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u01a1i &#8211; g\u1eb7p 250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ng\u1ef1a s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n &#8211; c\u00f2n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, do c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eafm say s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n th\u00e2n trong b\u1ee5ng D\u1ea1 Xoa c\u00e1i\u201d<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 xong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u! 250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nghe l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eafm say s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i! S\u1ed1 250 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft nghe l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n sanh m\u1ea1ng! C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng nghe theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n!<\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang. Ri\u00eang b\u00e0i kinh Chattasutta trong b\u1ed9 Anguttaranik\u0101ya l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia: C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y, t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y &#8211; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb suy \u0111\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u0103ng th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00ec h\u00e3y coi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n<p>a. Nghe l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>b. V\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. \u00dd n\u00f3i, hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u qu\u1ea5y, c\u1ed1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u qu\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh &#8211; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>c. Bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o. \u00dd n\u00f3i, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1ea5y tr\u1ebb hay gi\u00e0 &#8211; ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>(2) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y?<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf 16 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. 16 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y trong b\u1ed9 kinh Majjhimanik\u0101ya:<\/p>\n<p>+ 16 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng tham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 cao, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea bai k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>8. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u00e1o h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0a l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>10. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 &#8211; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>11. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f4i co h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>12. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean \u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>13. Kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>14. Kh\u00f4ng khoe m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>15. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>16. Ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u00e2m th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 11 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c r\u0103n d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nghe m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m o\u00e1n h\u1eadn hay th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. Vui l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>5. H\u1ebft s\u1ee9c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n<p>6. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, cung k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>7. C\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>8. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh s\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>9. Th\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>(3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t vui l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c [6].<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXIX<\/p>\n<p>Sama \u0101na\u00f1ca dassanam: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n<\/p>\n<p>(Y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n)<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sa-m\u00f4n xin gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n?<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n?<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef sama a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh hay trong s\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ea7y sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa th\u1eadp \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ecb, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, sa-m\u00f4n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ea7y sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, qu\u00e1n minh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n<p>nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra tung t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 truy b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi trong tay m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u00e1o tu b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n trong t\u0103ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111em m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa h\u1ea7u qu\u00ed v\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Na mu akena sama o<\/p>\n<p>abbato alika bha a<\/p>\n<p>Icch\u0101lobha sam\u0101panno<\/p>\n<p>sama o ki bhavissati\u201d. (PC 264)<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sa-m\u00f4n. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sa-m\u00f4n?<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Yo ca sameti p\u0101p\u0101ni<\/p>\n<p>a u th\u016bl\u0101ni sabbaso<\/p>\n<p>Samitatt\u0101 hi p\u0101p\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>sama o ti pavuccati\u201d. (PC 265)<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c [7].<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb sa-m\u00f4n:<\/p>\n<p>1. Upasametikileso: C\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. Bhavitv\u0101k\u0101yavac\u012bcittappa\u00f1\u00f1o: Th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>3. Uttamasamathasamann\u0101gato: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>+ B\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n, v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0o hay x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n. Sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhau, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u00f3i h\u01a1i khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i. B\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u00f9ng th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 lo tu h\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tu h\u1ecdc. B\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c cho m\u00ecnh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p sa-m\u00f4n. B\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa h\u1eb3n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 g\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y m\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e1nh xa phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n b\u00e3 d\u01a1 trong v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>4. H\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p Tapa. [8] Tapa ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eeda hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng, \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y sa-m\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lo di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, tham thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb sa-m\u00f4n x\u00e9t theo ngh\u0129a thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 3 thanh t\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp hay gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u00fa. B\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u1ea5y, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n khen \u0111\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ea9u thanh t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, th\u00eau d\u1ec7t hay \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<p>cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 cho ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p tapa (ph\u00e1p n\u00f3ng) bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec mi\u1ebfng \u0103n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>Xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai \u1edf trong r\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, hay th\u1ecd th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng \u1edf trong r\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef bhikkhu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea5t s\u0129, hay n\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xin \u0103n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 xin \u0103n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, xin \u0103n, nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Danh t\u1eeb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o &#8211; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu t\u1eadp theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi (Xin xem lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n th\u00ec n\u00ean:<\/p>\n<p>1. Upasakamana : \u0110\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/p>\n<p>ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>2. Upatth\u0101na : C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n<p>3. Anus\u0101sana [9]: Nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, \u00fd n\u00f3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ta v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>4. Sava a [10]: Nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>5. Dassana : Th\u1ea5y, g\u1eb7p, \u00fd n\u00f3i th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch. Ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn hang Indasal\u0101, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con chim cu \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadu b\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u00e0o quang s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi, n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, con chim cu l\u1ea1i bay theo, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o quang minh x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, chim cu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 \u0111i, c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng theo h\u1ea7u, m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00edch th\u00fa, hoan h\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chim cu ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng, li\u1ec1n bay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, hai c\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5p l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y v\u1eady bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a chim cu n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0100nanda r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y \u0100nanda! Ch\u00fa chim cu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng &#8211; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Somanassa. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh, trong s\u1ea1ch. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 kinh Bojjhagasamyutta, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; n\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y, ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi, tu h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y &#8211; th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00e2u h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u00e2n s\u1ebd xa l\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng xa l\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u s\u1ebd thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u00fd h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Satisambojjhaga: Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m (nh\u1edb) [11] \u1ea5y m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, khi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p r\u00e1o r\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Dhammavicayasambojjhaga [12]: Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu \u0111\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Viriyasambojjhaga: Tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u00e1c chi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y sanh l\u00ean do s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 P\u012btisambojjhaga [13]: H\u1ec9 gi\u00e1c chi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh th\u00eam n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh. Khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh Passaddhisambojjahaga [14]: An t\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m an t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch an vui tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh Sam\u0101dhisambojjhaga: \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, khi m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh Upekkh\u0101sambojjhaga: X\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c chi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong tam gi\u1edbi; l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sanh [15].<\/p>\n<p>Theo b\u00e0i kinh Sampannas\u012blasutta trong Pathamavagga, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia theo c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y, Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec khi th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u, v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh thanh cao \u1ea5y &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta ch\u01b0a trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean, ta hi\u1ec3u: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f9 th\u1eafng:<\/p>\n<p>1. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n l\u00e0: D\u00f9ng minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc: \u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>5. Th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0110\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sa-m\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<p>2. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia theo c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>5. M\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2y m\u00f9 v\u00f4 minh che \u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>8. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>9. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXX<\/p>\n<p>K\u0101lena dhamma-s\u0101kacch\u0101: T\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>theo th\u1eddi. (T\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p theo th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5y xa, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng. Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i cho r\u00f5 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn &#8211; ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn &#8211; c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 \u00e1i t\u1ef1 cao, cho r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nghe theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. 8 mu\u00f4n 4 ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt, ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n khi h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 qua ba chuy\u1ec7n t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n hay \u00edt ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t l\u00fd l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 cao, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>+ Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u0103m chi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Adi h\u0101jotas\u0101kacch\u0101: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>2. Di hasansandanas\u0101kacch\u0101: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00eam ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i. Khi \u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn ta.<\/p>\n<p>3. Vimaticchedakas\u0101kacch\u0101: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. Anumatis\u0101kacch\u0101: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kathetukamyatas\u0101kacch\u0101: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n hay t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tranh bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khen ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd trong th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111i xem.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean khi xem h\u00e1t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c chi anh k\u00e9p h\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng, khi mang r\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e3o l\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m cha, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch, khi b\u1ecf m\u00e3o r\u00e2u ra l\u00e0 anh k\u00e9p h\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vui \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>Hai \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n \u0111em \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y ra b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i n\u00e0y. V\u00ec duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00ean hai \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt. Hai \u00f4ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Sa\u00f1jaya. Nh\u1edd th\u00f4ng minh n\u00ean hai \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Sa\u00f1jaya. Hai \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o nhau r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta chia nhau \u0111i t\u00ecm ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu ai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i cho nhau bi\u1ebft\u201d. R\u1ed3i chia m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 61 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i cho m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111i m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Assaji l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m v\u1ecb Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, \u1edf Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nghe ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng (\u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, \u00f4ng X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n. \u00d4ng v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean nghe, \u00f4ng M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n, n\u00ean hai \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>Hai \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7y c\u0169 l\u00e0 Sa\u00f1jaya n\u00ean v\u00e0o khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ngSa\u00f1jaya kh\u00f4ng nghe theo v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh nhi\u1ec1u hay k\u1ebb ngu d\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u?\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh \u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady hai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo th\u1ea7y C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu d\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ta.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng ta theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean hai \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f9y th\u1eddi th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe.<\/p>\n<p>5. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m cho ta hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>6. Di\u1ec7t b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>7. Tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>8. T\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch khi nghe ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>10. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>11. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>12. L\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>13. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n (l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n<p>14. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n\u201dn\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u!<\/p>\n<p>[2] S\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<p>[3] Tapa: S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c, tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>[4] C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch 100, 101 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch kh\u00e1c &#8211; l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 399: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn bao gi\u1edd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng &#8211; l\u1eb7ng t\u1edd, n\u00edn thinh. D\u1eabu cho roi tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0m binh h\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. T\u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng bla-m\u00f4n!<\/p>\n<p>[6] Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c g\u00ec? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n!<\/p>\n<p>[7] D\u1ecbch th\u01a1 PC 264, 265: C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ecdc l\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng? D\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1nh g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng sa-m\u00f4n? G\u1ee1 bao nh\u01a1 b\u1ee3n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u00ed h\u1ea1nh ch\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 (sa-m\u00f4n).<\/p>\n<p>[8] Tapa: T\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7; s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c, tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Anus\u0101sana: S\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o, nh\u0103c nh\u1edf, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>[10] Sava a: S\u1ef1 nghe, l\u1ed7 tai.<\/p>\n<p>[11] Sati &#8211; xem l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa th\u00edch 89.<\/p>\n<p>[12] Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi: Ch\u1ecdn, l\u1ef1a, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>[13] P\u012bti: h\u1ef7, ph\u1ec9 &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea1c; l\u1ea1c n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>[14] Passaddhi: An t\u1ecbnh, an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>[15] Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed. C\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo t\u1eebng chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec nh\u01b0 sau: 1- Ni\u1ec7m: Ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 2- Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y (thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c). 3- T\u1ea5n: L\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n (n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ly \u00e1c, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n). 4- H\u1ef7: H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 P\u012bti, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9. (Sau khi ly \u00e1c, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khinh an, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu lan t\u1ecfa tr\u00ean th\u00e2n &#8211; 5 p\u012bti). 5- An: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an l\u1ea1c, an t\u1ecbnh tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y sung m\u00e3n c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. 6- \u0110\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh hay \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 &#8211; t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. 7- X\u1ea3: N\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 &#8211; th\u00ec 7 chi ph\u1ea7n: Ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3 &#8211; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong v\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7), v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p. Sau tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. Sau t\u1ea5n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7) v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp t\u1eebng chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd: Ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 an kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, khi ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 an. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1eady, trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c &#8211; s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 an; sau an l\u1ea1c th\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tr\u00ed, l\u00fac gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p &#8211; h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m v\u1edbi 7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n. (H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3).<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N IX<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXI<\/p>\n<p>Tapa: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Tapa: T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb tapa l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tapa m\u00e0 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00e0-la m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u1eabn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 [1]; B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 &#8211; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Gag\u0101 t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hay t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ea5t mau v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Hindu. Hindu gi\u00e1o tr\u1ed9m l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u0111em v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean khi c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ngay ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u, hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hai t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Yanna, Hindu gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y \u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Yanna v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfng Brahma [2] (ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean) trong Hindu gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9. Ti\u1ebfng Bkahna (?) trong Hindu gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng kinh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hindu, nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o&#8230; C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb, t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c &#8211; nh\u01b0 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111em nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u0169 x\u01b0a \u1ea5y d\u00f9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u1eeb tapa c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chung quy, gom t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o16 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Gabbh\u0101 dh\u0101na: Mang thai b\u00e0o, \u00fd n\u00f3i khi c\u00f3 thai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Hindu.<\/p>\n<p>2. Punnusavan: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o thai.<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u012bm\u0101tayan: C\u00e1ch chia t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thai ra c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thai.<\/p>\n<p>4. J\u0101takara a: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c sanh.<\/p>\n<p>5. N\u0101makara a: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>6. Annakara a [3]: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fat c\u01a1m.<\/p>\n<p>7. Cudakara a: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<p>8. Kann\u0101beda: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1ecf tai.<\/p>\n<p>9. Bij\u0101rambha: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>10. Yannoparita: C\u00e1ch c\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n<p>11. Bedarambha: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc kinh Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>12. Sam\u0101patti: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 khi h\u1ecdc xong.<\/p>\n<p>13. Sam\u0101vantana: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi h\u1ecdc xong r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>14. Bibah: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 khi s\u00ednh h\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>15. Banapar\u0101sa: C\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tapa.<\/p>\n<p>16. Sany\u0101s\u012b: Xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n<p>Maranasankh\u0101ra: Ch\u1ebft [4].<\/p>\n<p>Trong 16 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 10 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 16 tu\u1ef3 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo.<\/p>\n<p>Ta th\u1ea5y 16 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111i t\u1eebng b\u1eadc m\u1ed9t. Ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Hindu gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y h\u00e0nh tapa r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd ng\u1ecd, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda xung quanh m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 xa h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay, sau c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng, h\u00e0nh tapa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n (Hindu) gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh tapa (kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh) theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n<p>truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p>\u1ea5y, s\u1ed1ng trung \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 9 th\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 th\u00e0nh: \u201cKhant\u012b paraman tapo titikkh\u0101: S\u1ef1 tinh ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a tapa&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tapa v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 h\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed1t hay thi\u00eau phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 tapa t\u00f4i xin chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb tapa v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tapa.<\/p>\n<p>Tapa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Udaka tapati. C\u00f2n c\u00e2uPacch\u0101 t\u0101yati dukkara th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0103n n\u0103n v\u1ec1 sau. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb tapal\u00e0 h\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ea5u, nung, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, tapa ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3ng; l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m ta, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ta, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ta y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tapa. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: Khant\u012b tapo tapassino, ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0tapa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tapa. Trong t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Somasaka c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Ta s\u1ebd d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng tapa, \u00fd n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tapa v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho \u00e1c ph\u00e1p sanh trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 3 ph\u00e1p tapa quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>1. Yonisomanasik\u0101ra [5]: D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>2. Viriya: Tinh t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p>3. Indriyasa vara: S\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eddi hay \u0111\u1ea1o, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u01b0\u1edbng. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tapa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sinh h\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea1y theo d\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m. Em c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em trai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i \u1edf nh\u00e0 [6]. M\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng tin theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y em trai ng\u00e0i xin xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u00ec c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n cho, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 th\u1ea5y con trai tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t gia, b\u00e0 s\u1ee3 con trai \u00fat c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t gia theo anh, n\u00ean lo c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 cho con. Ng\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u, theo phong t\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean tay c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p t\u00e2n h\u00f4n, n\u00ean trong h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 d\u00e2u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5, b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eafm tay c\u1eb7p t\u00e2n h\u00f4n x\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho hai ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay\u201d. (\u00dd r\u1eb1ng: B\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin hai ch\u00e1u \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn r\u0103ng long t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eady).<\/p>\n<p>Em c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn v\u1ee3 th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, khi day qua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 gi\u00e0, mi\u1ec7ng m\u00f3m da nh\u0103n t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, coi th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. \u00d4ng [7] m\u1edbi th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 ta khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 ta h\u00f4m nay, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e0 nua t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1eady s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng &#8211; c\u00e1i gi\u00e0, c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua! Th\u1ea3o n\u00e0o m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n m\u00f9i t\u1ee5c lu\u1ef5, \u00fd ch\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a anh, ch\u00e0ng m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u ch\u00e0ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 \u0111au b\u1ee5ng, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u01b0\u1edfng con m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebft n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cho xe r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0ng \u0111i sau. D\u1ecbp may \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00e0ng b\u00e8n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a [8]\u1edf g\u1ea7n, xin ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng cho xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng h\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 cho xu\u1ea5t gia hay ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m cho xu\u1ea5t gia. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9. Ch\u00e0ng m\u1edbi la to r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta! \u0102n c\u01b0\u1edbp! \u0102n c\u01b0\u1edbp!\u201d. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cG\u00e3 kia! Ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3i ch\u0103ng? T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i la l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ai c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng! Trong v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i; v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eed th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y sanh m\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y \u0111i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng nghe c\u00e2u n\u00f3i h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u00e2u xa, bi\u1ebft c\u1eadu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a ai \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 em trai \u00fat c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng m\u1edbi s\u1ef1c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 nh\u1edd c\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y &#8211; n\u00ean cho em ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia. V\u1ec1 sau em ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 [9] quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0u sang v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A-a-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1eady ta n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7u trong chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 v\u1eady ta m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- Tinh t\u1ea5n: Trong b\u1ed9 kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tapa. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n. Ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ta l\u00e0m ch\u01b0a xong l\u00e0 m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u00e1u, th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4 \u0111i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da g\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i. Ph\u00e1p an vui tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i. N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean r\u00e1ng tinh t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n. N\u00ean c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: M\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 kh\u00f4 c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c, bao gi\u1edd ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 an vui tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ta ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: D\u1ea7u m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n: Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ea5n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f9 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1u t\u1ee5y, c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1eafng ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tham thi\u1ec1n ba th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi [10] kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y, v\u1eady th\u00ec \u1edf r\u1eebng r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n nhan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p \u1edf ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t &#8211; sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri t\u00fac, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt tham v\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chung \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tinh t\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 &#8211; m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng, khi \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c. T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tinh t\u1ea5n?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00ean c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y cho nghe.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- L\u00fac qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng xe, c\u00f3 500 c\u1ed7 xe \u0111i b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c 60 do tu\u1ea7n (m\u1ed9t do tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 16 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y). V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ea1o, c\u1ecf&#8230; \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng. H\u1ecd \u0111i ngang qua sa m\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111i ban \u0111\u00eam, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t. Khi \u0111o\u00e0n xe \u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 59 do tu\u1ea7n &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 01 do-tu\u1ea7n &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o hay bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y n\u00ean b\u1ea3o b\u1ecf b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 xe cho \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00f2.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean, xe qu\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u0169; \u00f4ng b\u00e8n ng\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u1eddi xem sao m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1c, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e0nh ng\u1eebng xe cho ngh\u1ec9. V\u1eadt t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi lo \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ecf m\u1ecdc; ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o. Khi \u0111\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn 60 h\u1eafc tay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ai ai c\u0169ng ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o coi th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 to. Y k\u00ea tai nghe c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y con, m\u1ed9t khi m\u00e0 ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ch\u00ed, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1t, v\u1eady con l\u1ea5y kh\u00fac s\u1eaft n\u1ea7y, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eadp cho b\u1ec3 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ee5c m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ee5c ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc to b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t phun l\u00ean, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1t\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n xong, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng gi\u1eefa b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ki\u00ean ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft th\u00eam ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, Tapa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- Thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n (Indryasa vara): Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1ed9 kinh<\/p>\n<p>Magalasutta c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng: Thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tapa, v\u00ec Tapa l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u00eau hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Tapa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb (ni\u1ec7m) kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang theo c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu th\u00fac, v\u00ec thu th\u00fac c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0103n gi\u1eef, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng cho l\u1ee5c c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n; v\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft ng\u0103n gi\u1eef, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng cho l\u1ee5c c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft khi l\u1ee5c c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac, b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm, th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t sanh, \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 t\u00ean Lomassakassapa, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Tuy\u1ebft L\u00e3nh. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh Tapa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, n\u00ean s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng x\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o, khi xem l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh Tapa v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c lo l\u1eafng, b\u1ea5t an, s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u1ea5y, do th\u1eafng xa ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &#8211; n\u00ean m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea1nh Tapa c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00eam khuya l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn long s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0o quang s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c vua r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y th\u00ec h\u00e3y giao c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa cho v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 Seyyaha, b\u1ea3o \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng tuy\u1ebft l\u00e3nh, c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lomassakassapa.. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y gi\u1ebft th\u00fa t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda, nh\u1edd qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, \u0111au v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u00faa c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 [11].<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y, l\u00e2m tri\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ee9c vua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch. V\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 \u0111em c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Candadev\u012b \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac, n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 b\u1ecb s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa l\u00e0m lung l\u1ea1c, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng theo qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9 t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ebfn xem r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 m\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e1t sanh, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi la l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o!\u201d R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd m\u1edbi n\u00f3i c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bala cando bala suriyo<\/p>\n<p>Bala sama a brahma \u0101<\/p>\n<p>Bala vel\u0101samuddassa<\/p>\n<p>Bal\u0101ti bal\u0101ti bala itthiyo.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ng b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ban \u0111\u00eam, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ban ng\u00e0y. Sa-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Candadev\u012b \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Lomassakassapa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p tapa, n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd c\u00e2u n\u1ea7y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia h\u00e0nh tapa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i l\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta la nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e2y \u0111ao l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t con voi \u0111\u1ec3 khai \u0111ao &#8211; m\u1edf m\u00e0n cho b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u00e1t sanh l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y, con voi kinh s\u1ee3 r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean, k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00fa kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ed1ng la vang r\u1ec1n. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 nghe ti\u1ebfng la r\u1ed1ng kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con th\u00fa, b\u00e8n ngh\u0129: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, kinh ho\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. V\u1eady ta n\u1ee1 n\u00e0o gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft bao sanh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ta, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n\u201d. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 b\u1ecf \u0111ao xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e1t sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 li\u1ec1n bay l\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ea1y nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng sanh. Nh\u00e0 vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec1n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo l\u1eddi r\u0103n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn sau khi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Sabbavasutta c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb quan s\u00e1t t\u00e2m trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t khi thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 vua mu\u1ed1n cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i tra x\u00e9t k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, ban \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tapa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, theo \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tapa:<\/p>\n<p>1. Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi: Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai, t\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng kinh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>4. H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>5. H\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>6. H\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>7. Thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>8. H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>+ H\u00e0nh tapa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>5. Di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng chung \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>7. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>8. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n<p>9. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 an vui.<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXII<\/p>\n<p>Br\u0101hmacariya: H\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng ng\u1ee3i khen nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ec9, x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh mu\u1ed1n sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, \u00edt nh\u1ee9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ea1ch; th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb xem \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ee9 32, ch\u1eafc qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra, m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o ban b\u1ed1 cho ta nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u1ea3. V\u00e0 ch\u1eafc qu\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. V\u1eady, 38 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 br\u0101hmacariya, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh &#8211; v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>+ Trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Sirimagala c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n<p>1. D\u0101na: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>2. Veyy\u0101vacca: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Pa\u00f1cas\u012bla: Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>4. Appam\u0101 a [12]: Ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>5. Methunavirati: Xa l\u00e1nh, ki\u00eang c\u1eed d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>6. Sad\u0101rasantusa: S\u1ef1 tri t\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 (kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh)<\/p>\n<p>7. Viriya: S\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>8. Uposatha: Th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ariyamagga: Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>10. S\u0101sana: L\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Trong t\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00ean Vidhura, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vidhura l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng Varuna cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y cung ch\u01a1i. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 cao sang c\u1ee7a Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u oai l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, h\u00e0o quang chi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng, v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1edd qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p chi?<\/p>\n<p>Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, tr\u1eabm v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, khi sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eabm v\u00ed nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung ph\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a, t\u00e1m ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u1edf trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eabm v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0ng hoa, v\u1eadt th\u01a1m, v\u1eadt thoa, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 n\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfu, ch\u1ed7 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 (nh\u00e0) y ph\u1ee5c, c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ed1c men&#8230; S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eabm v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eabm v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m cho ta c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n cho ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/p>\n<p>trong s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Trong Tam t\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed9 Anguttaranik\u0101ya, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c, g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh Th\u1ea5t La Phi\u1ec7t [13], c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 t\u00edn n\u1eef b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00fang theo 6 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! C\u00f4 t\u00edn n\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Velukandakinandam\u0101t\u0101 \u0111ang b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 6 chi ph\u1ea7n. 6 chi ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 3 chi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 3 chi.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ba chi c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00fac \u0111ang b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>3. Khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed xong c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ba chi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham \u00e1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00e2n h\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n si m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb si m\u00ea.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. D\u0101na saggasop\u0101na : B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>2. D\u0101na \u0101p\u0101yassa channa (?): B\u1ed1 th\u00ed che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>3. D\u0101na sah\u0101yasambh\u016bta : B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>4. P\u0101theyya mutt\u0101na (?): B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ri\u00eang), r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa(l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n<p>5. Mokkhappathavana : B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: B\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kinh c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Veyyavacca ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u00e1ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u01b0 sa-m\u00f4n, t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ta gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i khi Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec n\u1ea1n gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhau, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a nhau, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh l\u1eabn nhau&#8230; th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi n\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, trong Anguttaranik\u0101ya \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i v\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t say, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, sau khi qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n th\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh Mah\u0101parinibb\u0101na b\u1ed9 D\u012bghanik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y cho Gahapati r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00ed b\u00e1u do kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh th\u01a1m, ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p>3. Khi h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi vua, ch\u00faa, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t; lu\u00f4n v\u1edbi s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ec9nh, \u0111oan nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng!<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00fac l\u00e2m chung, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00fa l\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng si m\u00ea; gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, an \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>5. Sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady cho n\u00ean ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>(4)- T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Trong b\u00e0i kinh Mah\u0101govinda b\u1ed9 D\u012bghanik\u0101ya, c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Thu\u1edf n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Gijjhak\u016b a (Linh Th\u1ee9u), g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0 t\u00ean Pa\u00f1casikh\u0101 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam thanh v\u1eafng. \u00d4ng Pa\u00f1casikh\u0101 m\u1edbi th\u01b0a b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>-B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 nghe ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean Samanakum\u0101ra k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Mah\u0101govinda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 7 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua Renura, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf danh v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia theo l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c. Th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Mah\u0101govinda tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. V\u1ecb n\u00e0o v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. S\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. V\u1eady, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh t\u00f9y theo ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 nghe bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y Pa\u00f1casikh\u0101! Nh\u01b0 Lai bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y l\u1eafm! V\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Mah\u0101govinda \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ea7y Pa\u00f1casikh\u0101! Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y Pa\u00f1casikh\u0101! Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tu t\u1eadp theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ea1y t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>1. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf o\u00e1n th\u00f9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00e2m<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c do tr\u00e1i \u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>4. S\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 [14].<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9; t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c; t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c; t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n r\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ec9, x\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Anodhiso phara a: R\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>2. Odhiso phara a: R\u1ea3i c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>3. Dis\u0101phara a: R\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam n\u1eef, c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>a. Sabba satt\u0101 aver\u0101 aby\u0101pajjh\u0101 an\u012bgh\u0101 sukh\u012b att\u0101na parih\u0101rantu: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>b. Sabbe p\u0101 a aver\u0101: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh&#8230; \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1ee9ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>c. Sabbe bh\u016bt\u0101 aver\u0101: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng phu-ta (h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 sanh)&#8230; \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>d. Sabbe puggal\u0101 aver\u0101: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 puggala (ng\u01b0\u1eddi)&#8230; \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y<\/p>\n<p>gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. Sabbe attabh\u0101vapariyapann\u0101: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 atta-bh\u0101va (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>+ D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Satta (ch\u00fang sanh): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n d\u00ednh, \u00fd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ham m\u00ea t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u00f2n d\u00ednh trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; P\u0101 a: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bh\u016bta: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang gi\u00e0u trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Puggala: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Attabh\u0101va: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh, hay bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau trong danh t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng chung qui \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- R\u1ea3i c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam n\u1eef, c\u00f3 7 ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>a. Sabbe atthiyo aver\u0101 aby\u0101pajjh\u0101 an\u012bgh\u0101 sukh\u012b att\u0101na parih\u0101rantu: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i nhau, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>b. Sabbe puris\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>c. Sabbe ariya aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau&#8230; ( S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh k\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i).<\/p>\n<p>d. Sabbe anariya aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n (ph\u00e0m) \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. Sabbe dev\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ea. Sabbe vinip\u0101tik\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ng sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>(3)- R\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>a. Sabbe puratthim\u0101ya dis\u0101ya aver\u0101, aby\u0101pajjh\u0101, an\u012bgh\u0101 sukh\u012b att\u0101na parih\u0101rantu: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng xin \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau, \u0111\u1eebng o\u00e1n th\u00f9 nhau, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>b. Sabbe pacchim\u0101ya dis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>c. Sabbe uttara dis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>d. Sabbe dakkhi \u0101 dis\u0101ya&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam.<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. Sabbe puratthim\u0101ya anudis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>e. Sabbe dakkhi \u0101 anudis\u0101ya satt\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u00ea. Sabbe pachim\u0101ya anudis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang<\/p>\n<p>sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y Nam&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>g. Sabbe uttar\u0101ya anudis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>i. Sabbe uparim\u0101ya dis\u0101ya satt\u0101 aver\u0101&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1ch r\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng bi, h\u1ec9, x\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00e2m t\u1eeb: Sabbe satt\u0101 aver\u0101 hontu: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i nhau.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00e2m bi: Sabbe satt\u0101 dukkh\u0101 pamu\u00f1cantu: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang anh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e2m h\u1ec9: Sabbe satt\u0101 laddhasampattito m\u0101vigacchantu: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an vui th\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u00e2m x\u1ea3: Sabbe satt\u0101 kammassaka kamma d\u0101y\u0101da: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n r\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 vui theo, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ganh t\u1ef5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui hay b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi quan hay vui m\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<p>(5)- S\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i xa tr\u00e1nh d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c? V\u00ec ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ham m\u00ea trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhau m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t h\u1ea3o \u1ea5y &#8211; n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u00e1nh d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>(6)- S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c; ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y n\u00ean b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tan v\u1ee1. V\u1eady, bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac trong t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111em an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>(7)- S\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>a. Idha bhikkhave bhikkhun\u0101kamma kattabba hoti: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng &#8211; th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y. Khi ta l\u00e0m xong r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ta \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y li\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>b. Punacapara bhikkhave&#8230; N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n<p>l\u1ebd n\u1eefa, khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y xong, trong khi ta l\u00e0m, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1eady, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>c. Punacapara bhikkhave&#8230; Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa, nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u0111i, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>d. Punacapara bhikkhave&#8230; N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xong r\u1ed3i, trong khi \u0111i, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd h\u00e0nh ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady ta n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0111. Punacapara bhikkhave&#8230; N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u00e0o x\u00f3m kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e1 canh, m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7ng c\u01a1m; v\u1ecb \u1ea5y b\u00e8n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, th\u00e2n ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp; v\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y b\u00e8n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>e. Punacapra bhikkhave: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u00e0o x\u00f3m kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 no, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 no, th\u00e2n ta an vui r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y b\u00e8n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ea. Punacapara bhikkhave: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 ch\u00fat b\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam. V\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00ec gi\u1edd r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ta tranh th\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y b\u00e8n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n, si\u00eang n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>g. Punacapara bhikkhave: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u1eeba m\u1edbi l\u00e0nh b\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng b\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u \u1ea5y b\u00e8n tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ra s\u1ef1 si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, khi bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 7.<\/p>\n<p>8. Th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: L\u00e0 8 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 Mah\u0101nip\u0101ta c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua Nimar\u0101ja &#8211; li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi &#8211; nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u1ee9c vua Nimar\u0101ja tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Mithal\u0101 th\u00e0nh Vedaha. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai xong, ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 \u0111i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xong, \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00ed b\u00e1u h\u01a1n?\u201d. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch bi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c vua Nimar\u0101ja m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- H\u012bnena br\u0101hmacariyena<\/p>\n<p>Khattiya upapajjati<\/p>\n<p>Ye k\u0101ye upamajjhanti<\/p>\n<p>An\u0101g\u0101r\u0101 tapassino\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng s\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ef5 (vua ch\u00faa, t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n) l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, sanh l\u00e0m ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc trung, sanh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u00f3 tapa [15] th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. Th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 xa l\u00eca d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc trung l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 tham thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi; qu\u00ed v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n xin xem th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi [16].<\/p>\n<p>(9)- Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh Br\u0101hmacariya b\u1ed9 Samyuttanik\u0101ya, c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u01b0a h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m chi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i h\u1ebft tham \u00e1i, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 (kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf), th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 (t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf), th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 (di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf), bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf) &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Xa l\u00eca s\u00e2n t\u01b0 duy, xa l\u00eca d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy, xa l\u00eca h\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, xa l\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i bi\u1ebfm, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, xa l\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, lu\u00f4n nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n gom t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, h\u1ea7u ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e1t sanh. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 h\u1ea7u d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n gom t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 vun tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ea7m ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh cho sanh l\u00ean. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m cho ta t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u00eam. N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! B\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n &#8211; c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, h\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c (Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n), c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf tham, s\u00e2n, si, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m [17].<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng say m\u00ea theo ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n &#8211; Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh [18].<\/p>\n<p>10. L\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: L\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p. Trong Tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Adhis\u012blasikkh\u0101: [19] Gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u cho trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>2. Adhicittasikkh\u0101: T\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>3. Adhipa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101sikkh\u0101: Tu\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y ba t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u1ee3i khen.<\/p>\n<p>5. Tam h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>7. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an vui.<\/p>\n<p>8. B\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>10. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXIII<\/p>\n<p>Ariyasacc\u0101ni dassana : N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p>(Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf)<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf d\u0129 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecdc theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1edfi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 xa h\u1eb3n k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n. V\u00ec T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ariyasacca, ta c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n chi. T\u1eeb ariyasacca, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: Ariya ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed, sacca ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t cao qu\u00ed &#8211; v\u00ec l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sai m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf cao qu\u00ed v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; s\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt g\u00ec. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y ai c\u0169ng chu\u1ed9ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao qu\u00ed v\u00ec s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao qu\u00ed &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eafc, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao qu\u00ed. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, s\u01a1n m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, th\u00ec ph\u00f2ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, th\u00edch m\u1eaft. Gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00f2ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u01a1n \u0111en, \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e8n leo l\u00e9t, ch\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 cho chu\u1ed9t c\u1eafn ph\u00e1, r\u00fac r\u1ec9a th\u00ec ph\u00f2ng \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, b\u1eeba b\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. T\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb9p, cao qu\u00ed; nh\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trang b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 &#8230; th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf l\u00e1nh \u0111i cho mau.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xa l\u1ea7n, r\u00fat lui d\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ta c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, li\u1ec5u th\u00f4ng th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat \u0111i th\u1eadt xa. Khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd tu\u1ec7 tri, gi\u00e1c tri, minh tri th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00ed n\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1c tri, minh tri ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00ed tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u 03 lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 12 th\u1ec3, xin qu\u00ed v\u1ecb xem b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee8 \u0110\u1ebe<\/p>\n<p>BA LU\u00c2N<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba<\/p>\n<p>KH\u1ed4<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>5. Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eacP<\/p>\n<p>2. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c sanh kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>6. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>10. Ta di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>DI\u1ec6T<\/p>\n<p>3. Di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p>7. Ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>11. Ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea0O<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>8. Ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh cho r\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n<p>12. Ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ed3m 04 \u0111i\u1ec1u. M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn 03 l\u1ea7n, 04 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 12 l\u1ea7n, v\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 12 th\u1ec3. Ba v\u00f2ng \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 03 lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c tri, c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng, c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5; c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 tri, tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf &#8211; th\u00ec bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb h\u00e3y xem k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 03 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cHi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 03 &#8211; Ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i\u201ds\u1ed1 09. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt [20].<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ea7y n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>3. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ba c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft: \u0110\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1edd xin qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111em hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u00ed v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, coi qu\u00ed v\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o? V\u1ecb n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t, ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 do n\u01a1i nghe ph\u00e1p; ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Khi ta nghe n\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau: C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7; c\u00f2n ta th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m trong c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9, khi qua kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 ta l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean \u0111i kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi l\u00e2m b\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean kh\u1ed5. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n d\u1ea7u b\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 \u1ed5 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 l\u1eafm. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ta b\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 b\u1ecbnh. V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 bi\u1ebft b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh b\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp t\u1eaft kh\u1ed5. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n trong b\u00e0i kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>1. Sabh\u0101vadukkha: Kh\u1ed5 theo li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n. Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y trong b\u00e0i Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Sanh kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 (kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n v\u00ec khi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea7y theo li\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n<p>2. Paki adukkha: Kh\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu sau khi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec th\u00e2n \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t li, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec o\u00e1n th\u00f9 h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 li bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd (nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5, n\u00f3i chung l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0: Sakhitena pa\u00f1ca pa h\u0101nakkhandhadukkha: T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y chia ra hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 do th\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn sau. C\u00f2n c\u00e2u ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: V\u00ec ta c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ebd ra t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft 12 [21] c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n nh\u00ec v\u00ec qu\u00ed v\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u1eb7p n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Trong lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111i chung v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft; ch\u1eafc qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111au, v\u00ec \u0111\u00fang theo ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111au.C\u00e1c b\u1eadc ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111au v\u00e0o n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 13 th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean trong kinh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng li\u1ec7t \u0111au v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 (sanh, gi\u00e0, \u0111au, ch\u1ebft).<\/p>\n<p>Sanh kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n<p>Sanh kh\u1ed5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y gi\u1edd n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 theo li\u1ec1n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0o \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>+ Sanh kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u1ed5 khi c\u00f2n trong thai b\u00e0o<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u1ed5 khi sanh,<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 sanh. \u00dd n\u00f3i v\u00ec c\u00f3 sanh, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c theo b\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 13 chi. T\u00f4i xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Sanh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 11 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 kia l\u00e0 c\u0103m xe. B\u00e1nh xe n\u1ea7y l\u0103n \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh sanh kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u sanh kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n<p>1. Bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5: L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 khi m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean cho t\u1edbi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00ec b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5, do v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 \u0103n v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kinh kh\u1ee7ng kh\u1ed5: \u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc x\u00f3c x\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3t ch\u01a1n v\u1ea5p t\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3. Ho\u00e0nh sanh kh\u1ed5: C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 khi thai b\u00e0o day tr\u1edf, l\u00fac day \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng hay day ngang h\u00f4ng m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 kinh kh\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o chim con b\u1ecb b\u00e3o l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>4. N\u1ea1n sanh kh\u1ed5: Trong l\u00fac sanh n\u1edf g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea9y cho day \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 sanh, \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u1edbt t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng. Khi sanh ra h\u00e0i nhi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1ecd \u00e9p v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to chui ra k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u00ed b\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>5. H\u00e0m th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5: Khi v\u1eeba sanh ra, da c\u00f2n non l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111em \u0111i t\u1eafm, s\u1ef1 \u0111au r\u00e1t \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft ra sao, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>6. Th\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5: Sau khi sanh ra \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ecb hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f3, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n&#8230; kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>7. Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5: Sau khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c phao vu, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 can ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh bom r\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>8. Duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1ed5: V\u00ec c\u00f3 sanh n\u00ean sanh kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng do sanh ra m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ch\u00fang sanh sanh v\u00e0o s\u00fac sanh b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>10. Ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t trong c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3i c\u0169ng duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: T\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 th\u00ec sanh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 th\u00ec sanh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ta \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0: T\u00f3c \u0111en h\u00f3a tr\u1eafng, m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1edd, tai r\u00f5 l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ebfc&#8230; T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong th\u00e2n t\u00e2m khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t m\u1ea1nh, nay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i x\u1ea5u, y\u1ebfu, h\u01b0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Jar\u0101 nh\u01b0ng theo ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef th\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u0169. \u00dd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i xe, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i xe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t tham lam, ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, n\u00ean mau h\u01b0, mau c\u0169. C\u00e1i xe c\u0169 th\u00ec qu\u00ed v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ra sao? Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ta ph\u1ea3i lo \u0103n u\u1ed1ng&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1edf th\u00eam c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1ee3 con n\u1eefa&#8230; Do l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, do lo s\u1ee3, lo l\u1eafng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean mau gi\u00e0. Khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u01b0 x\u1ea5u, c\u0169 n\u00e1t, t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i gi\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Parijji a [22]: Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u1edbn l\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng cho tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u00e0, m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec trong tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y, c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trong m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam. Ai ai c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch tu\u1ed5i n\u1ea7y. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 trongkh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady. Theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e0 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean che \u00e1m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>2. Paripakka [23]: Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 da nh\u0103n, m\u1eaft m\u1edd, tai \u0111i\u1ebfc, r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, tay ch\u00e2n run r\u1ea9y, ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, v\u00ec c\u00e1i gi\u00e0 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ee5 v\u1edbi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta mau gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i xe khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u00e0o d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ebft kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y. V\u1eady ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Khi ta ch\u1ebft, ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc v\u1ee3, con, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i; c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t vui th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y; \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 do h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eed nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, khi ta ch\u1ebft ta c\u00f3 \u0111em theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Khi th\u1ea5y ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n, v\u1ee3 con, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n&#8230; th\u00ec h\u1ecfi ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu khi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ta c\u00f3 \u0111em theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi&#8230; th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng ta b\u1edbt h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, b\u1edbt lo s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i, th\u00ec ta c\u00e0ng kinh kh\u1ee7ng h\u01a1n. V\u1eady xin qu\u00ed v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd ngay ch\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y &#8211; k\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ecbp n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 cho r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ecbnh nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: sanh, gi\u00e0, \u0111au, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 kia thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd &#8211; danh u\u1ea9n &#8211; nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t, h\u1eddn gi\u1eadn, lo s\u1ee3, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c&#8230;l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec: T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 kinh s\u1ee3 h\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: C\u1ecdp l\u00e0 th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111em c\u1ecdp \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 nh\u1ed1t trong chu\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc; g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ebfn xem cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ecdp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, v\u00e0 n\u00ean nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xa, hay ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ecdp. T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 6 n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 khi ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u0111em ra thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng; ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn coi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap qu\u00ed v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n trong b\u00e0i kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f5i, r\u1ed3i l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i sanh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i n\u00e0o trong ba c\u00f5i t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>+ Mu\u1ed1n cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u00f4i xin chia ra b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>3. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hai Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>(1)- Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng th\u00eam c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1 tin r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 vui kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i cho. H\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1t, l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay n\u1eefa. V\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u1ea7y n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1edbi d\u00e1m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho 5 th\u1ea7y Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe ai d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1ed5. Kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t ai, ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>(2)- \u00c1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n. S\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh ai ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. T\u00f4i xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i. Tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. B\u00ean trong n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1ea7m, khi gieo \u01b0\u01a1m n\u00f3 m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1i m\u1ea7m \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c; v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea. N\u1ebfu ta d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ea7m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i; l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i n\u1eefa. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i m\u1ea7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00ec tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t theo!<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00f3 th\u00eam. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sanh ra. Khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cho th\u1eadt h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- \u00c1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>1. K\u0101mata h\u0101 [24]: \u00c1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c. L\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n sanh<\/p>\n<p>l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00ean khi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c (\u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 6 t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<p>2. Bhavata h\u0101 [25]: \u00c1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc. C\u00f5i n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, danh v\u1ecdng, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i &#8211; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi vinh hoa c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t&#8230; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf vi. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tham thi\u1ec1n tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 mau \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i 16 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi[26]. Tu\u1ed5i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u1ea5y l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi v\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f5i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 16.000 ki\u1ebfp tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u n\u00ean ch\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean trong c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 an vui nh\u1ee9t, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>3. Vibhavata h\u0101: \u00c1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eafc n\u00ean c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eafc n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n r\u1ed3i? V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ta h\u0101ponobhavika [27]: \u00c1i d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, hay th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, hay v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n hay vi t\u1ebf th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng chung qui c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong 3 c\u00f5i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf hay th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n g\u00ec, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5. Ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong hai Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf; Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f3, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u00f4i. V\u1ec1 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft cho r\u00f5 l\u00e0 v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o m\u1edbi sanh kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, ta bi\u1ebft cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7ng c\u1ed1 di\u1ec7t. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u1eeda c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u1eeda b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1eefa ngay ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa \u1edf ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda (ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, xin xem Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba: Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 hai v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb hai th\u1ee9 b\u1ecbnh nan y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 [28].<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede tr\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u00ed Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 T\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ecdp, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111em c\u1ecdp \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 nh\u1ed1t, ta quan s\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ta tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3 t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Khi ta bi\u1ebft c\u1ecdp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ra sao, th\u00ec ta tr\u00e1nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf [29]<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n luy\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ta d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Trong Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1eb3n m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac XXXIV d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i \u1edf sau.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n chi ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng chung qui ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Trong kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101di hi: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i kinh Maggavibhaga, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5,<\/p>\n<p>2. Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5,<\/p>\n<p>3. Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>4. Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101sakappa: Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1- Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n<p>2- Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n th\u00f9<\/p>\n<p>3- Suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Suy ngh\u0129 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9c \u00e1c khi m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129, ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi [30].<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101v\u0101c\u0101: Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i hung d\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, r\u1ee7a, ch\u1eedi&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>4. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00edch, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101kammanta: Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa tr\u1ed9m c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>3. T\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00e1nh xa th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n) ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ba nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd d\u1ea1y ngay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, h\u01a1n \u1ea5y n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 r\u00e1ng tham thi\u1ec1n trong ng\u00e0y, th\u1ecd th\u00eam b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101- \u0101j\u012bva: Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ngay c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n th\u00fa, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u00f3ng sanh.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1ee3u, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, lo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u0103n \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p [31].<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma: Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ed1 vun tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m cho c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vun tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00eam [32].<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101sati: Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n trong th\u00e2n, c\u1ed1 \u00fd tinh t\u1ea5n thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vui, bu\u1ed3n; suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5y th\u1ecd trong th\u1ecd&#8230; N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9. Hay n\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tu t\u1eadp theo T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 [33].<\/p>\n<p>+ Samm\u0101sam\u0101dhi: Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, s\u00e1t (t\u1ee9), h\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ea7m, s\u00e1t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb d\u1ee9t t\u1eebng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n. Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do m\u1ed9t trong 40 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh [34].<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1edf c\u1eeda Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5, Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc hay nghe ph\u00e1p, hay gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, hay th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i xin \u0111em l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1eb7ng \u0111ang v\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i mang v\u00e1c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c o\u00e1n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1edfi m\u1edf o\u00e1n th\u00f9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m trong r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c trong r\u1ec5 c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>+ Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7. Khi h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 16 tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. N\u0101mar\u016bpapariccheda\u00f1\u0101 a: Danh s\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 danh, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc [35].<\/p>\n<p>2. Udaya\u00f1\u0101 a: Sanh tr\u00ed &#8211; l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o[36].<\/p>\n<p>3. Vaya\u00f1\u0101 a: Di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o [37].<\/p>\n<p>4. Udayabbaya\u00f1\u0101 a: Sanh di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc [38].<\/p>\n<p>5. Bhag\u0101nupassana\u00f1 a: \u0110o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ed &#8211; \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sanh c\u1ee7a danh, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p &#8211; ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a danh, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p [39].<\/p>\n<p>6. Bhaya\u00f1\u0101 a: Kinh h\u00e3i tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc; tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 6, th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00e3 tan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kinh khi\u1ebfp n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2m ra s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ea3 ba c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0100dinava\u00f1\u0101 a: Hi\u1ec3m nguy tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>8. Nibbid\u0101\u00f1\u0101 a: Nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n tr\u00ed &#8211; \u0110\u00e2m ra nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc &#8211; nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ly tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham lam, \u0111am m\u00ea, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>9. Mu\u00f1citukamyat\u0101\u00f1\u0101 a: D\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i danh, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc [40].<\/p>\n<p>10. Pa isakh\u0101\u00f1\u0101 a: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ed &#8211; Tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1eefa &#8211; s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh s\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ly; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>11. Sakh\u0101rupekkh\u0101\u00f1\u0101 a: H\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 tr\u00ed &#8211; tr\u00ed gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi (danh s\u1eafc); kh\u00f4ng tham \u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t ch\u00fang &#8211; n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 [41].<\/p>\n<p>12. Anuloma\u00f1\u0101 a: Thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111i sau thu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m &#8211; trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c b\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>13. Gotrabh\u016b\u00f1\u0101 a: Chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed &#8211; t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>14. Magga\u00f1\u0101 a: \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00ed hay th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o tu\u1ec7 &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t tam th\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean 01 s\u00e1t-na r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>15. Phala\u00f1\u0101 a: Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed hay th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 tu\u1ec7 &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi &#8211; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean 02 s\u00e1t-na r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n qua th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sanh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u00e1t-na su\u1ed1t trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00fa th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh [42].<\/p>\n<p>16. Paccavekkhana\u00f1\u0101 a: Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u00ed &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh [43].<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sinh th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n si m\u00ea trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>4. L\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>5. \u0110\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>6. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong tam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXIV<\/p>\n<p>Nibb\u0101nasacchikiriy\u0101: N\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/p>\n<p>(Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n)<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, \u00fd n\u00f3i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, hay ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, c\u00e2u th\u00fac, sai khi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef, Nam ph\u1ea1n nibb\u0101na v\u00e0 B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nirv\u0101 a, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>Ni c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ra, \u0111i ra; vana c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1eebng. Theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef v c\u1ee7a vana \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i b (bana) cho d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i v th\u00e0nh b v\u00e0 ch\u1eef ni \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cRa kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201dhay \u201cRa kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cRa kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng\u201d? V\u00ec r\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e3 th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ea7y nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. R\u1eebng \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i sa-b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u00e3 th\u00fa, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c, m\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1c trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng hay l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m :<\/p>\n<p>1. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. B\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Sa-up\u0101disesanibb\u0101na: H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n mang th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. V\u1eady h\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00ean th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>2. Anup\u0101disesanibb\u0101na: V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>+ Hai h\u1ea1ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Kilesaparinibb\u0101na: Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t; t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y.<\/p>\n<p>2. Khandhaparinibb\u0101na: Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t; t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1edd tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n, T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m, A-na-h\u00e0m c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y ra sao? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y, c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 kinh Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Na-ti\u00ean t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9c vua Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111em ra n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh minh-s\u00e1t-tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh s\u1eafc, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00ea theo danh s\u1eafc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m, v\u00ec khi b\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 ch\u1eebng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n \u0111i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t\u201d[44].<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i kinh Nibb\u0101nasatrapali c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Jamb\u016bkh\u0101daka th\u01b0a h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u201cNi\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201dNg\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea &#8211; \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd xung quanh \u201chi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c\u201d Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au n\u1eb7ng, r\u1ea5t nguy nan, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea9n m\u1ea1ch; th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng, th\u1ea7y b\u00e8n b\u1ed1c thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng ngay! N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c ngay; hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ai? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? H\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi ai? Thu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c g\u00ec, v\u1ecb g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i lo m\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c ngay &#8211; ch\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vu v\u01a1, ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Nh\u01b0 Lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y &#8211; m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy k\u1ecbch, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1edd ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vu v\u01a1, ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c? Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5. V\u1eady th\u00ec khi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i, l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ra sao, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ra sao! \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam n\u1eb7ng, h\u00e3y u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111i &#8211; \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1eeb \u00e1i v\u00e0 bi m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y su\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1eefu d\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong ph\u1ea9m Sattamasulla Dutivavagga \u1edf b\u1ed9 Itivuttaka r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,h\u1ebft th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong, \u0111\u00e3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1edfi m\u1edf m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed &#8211; l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1eefu \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, song c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u00f2n v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u1eefa, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m c\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 c\u1edfi m\u1edf m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<p>+ Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng \u201cphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201dl\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 tham, s\u00e2n, si; v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201dl\u00e0 d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch [45]:<\/p>\n<p>1. K\u0101m\u0101sava: Tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch trong t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<p>2. Bhav\u0101sava: Tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch trong tam gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n<p>3. Di h\u0101sava: Tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch trong t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<p>4. Avijj\u0101sava: Tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch trong v\u00f4 minh [46].<\/p>\n<p>+\u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo 10 ph\u00e1p: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7, ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong: \u00dd n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng: C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf ba g\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. Khandhabb\u0101ra: G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/p>\n<p>2. Kilesabb\u0101ra: G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>3. Abhisakh\u0101rabb\u0101ra: G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng nghi\u1ec7p (t\u00edch l\u0169y nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh: \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e3 c\u1edfi m\u1edf m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sanh h\u1eefu: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u00fang tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh, sai khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00fang sanh, xoay chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang sanh, che m\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang sanh:<\/p>\n<p>1. Sakk\u0101yadi hi: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<p>2. Vicikicch\u0101: Ho\u00e0i nghi<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u012blabbat\u0101par\u0101m\u0101sa: Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7<\/p>\n<p>4. K\u0101macchanda[47]: Th\u00edch th\u00fa trong tr\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<p>5. By\u0101pada [48]: S\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/p>\n<p>6. R\u016bpar\u0101ga [49]: Th\u00edch th\u00fa trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc<\/p>\n<p>7. Ar\u016bpar\u0101ga [50]: Th\u00edch th\u00fa trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/p>\n<p>8. M\u0101na: Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<p>9. Uddhacca: Ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m<\/p>\n<p>10. Avijj\u0101: V\u00f4 minh [51].<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: \u00dd n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui cho ta, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta; v\u1ecb \u1ea5y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>+ Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>3. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>4. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an vui ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>[1] Jambud\u012bpa: T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0o, c\u00e2y m\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Br\u0101hman: \u0110\u1ea5ng ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, s\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Br\u0101hm\u0101: Th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Vishnu: Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Sh\u012bva: Th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Br\u0101hma a: Thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>[3] T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n do b\u1ed5n x\u01b0a sai l\u1ea1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm ra ngh\u0129a th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng. (Qu\u00e1 m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 xin ghi ch\u00fa t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf).<\/p>\n<p>[4] Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y sau c\u00e2u 16.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd: H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u00fd nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u00e1u em, 3 trai, 3 g\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Cunda, Upasena, Revata, C\u0101l\u0101, Upac\u0101l\u0101, S\u012bsupac\u0101l\u0101.C\u1eadu b\u00e9 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Revata.<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Revata &#8211; ch\u00fa b\u00e9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 7 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>[8] T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 30 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>[9] Xin ch\u00fa th\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1eefa, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp vipassan\u0101 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y &#8211; c\u00f2n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadtt, m\u1ecdi suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>[10] R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 4 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai. Theo Abhidhamma th\u00ec trong 8 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh quang, c\u00f3 4 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si; c\u00f3 4 t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n. Trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m do 3 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 si &#8211; th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, ng\u0169 quan to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u0103 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. C\u00f2n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 si (t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed) th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00edt ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, ng\u0169 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. 4 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 4 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>[11] C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 sau, do c\u00e1c s\u01b0 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n minh &#8211; nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m &#8211; \u0111\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady b\u1edbt \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3, \u00e1c t\u00e2m, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>[12] Appam\u0101 a: V\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101: V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean &#8211; ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>[13] T\u00e0u \u00e2m ch\u1eef S\u0101vatth\u012b.<\/p>\n<p>[14] C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0o Kinh v\u00e0 Abhidhamma th\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. 1- T\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: G\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i, thi\u1ec7n \u00fd, h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1i, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n &#8211; l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i bao tr\u00f9m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. T\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m cho ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f9ng \u00eam d\u1ecbu, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m: s\u00e2n, gh\u00e9t, \u00e1c \u00fd, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef&#8230; 2- Bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: L\u00e0 l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; mu\u1ed1n xoa d\u1ecbu, \u1ee7i an ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, neo \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f4 qu\u1ea3, tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch&#8230; Bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, nam n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0, huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, ngu tr\u00ed, h\u00e8n sang, t\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng! N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m: h\u1eadn th\u00f9, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230; 3- H\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: N\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui &#8211; nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1eebng vui thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, thanh khi\u1ebft, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng &#8211; n\u00f3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 k\u1ef7, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c l\u1eafm b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. H\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp &#8211; m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 &#8211; l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u0103n s\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb l\u00e0 s\u00e2n, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, \u00e1c \u00fd, hung d\u1eef. \u0110\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi l\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5.) 4- X\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: L\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t, khen ch\u00ea, h\u01a1n thua, vui kh\u1ed5&#8230; t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean, an nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 sen, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 d\u01a1, d\u00f9 s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng phu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh mi\u00ean m\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 &#8211; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n; ri\u00eang t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n!<\/p>\n<p>[15] Tapa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. D\u00f9 tapa ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>[16] C\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o; ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eady. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u1ea3 ph\u00fa l\u1eabn qu\u00fd. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 sanh c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, gieo duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh l\u00e0m ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 sanh ph\u00fa (gi\u00e0u), kh\u00f4ng sanh qu\u00fd (sang) &#8211; ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u00ec qu\u00fd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00fa. C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ph\u00fa l\u1eabn qu\u00fd &#8211; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 6 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>[17] Samm\u0101sati: Samm\u0101 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh (ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m) &#8211; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra samm\u0101 ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00fang, ngay, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3&#8230; V\u1eady, trong b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n vipassan\u0101 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>[18] L\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho r\u00f5, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ta l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh? Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t &#8211; c\u00f2n thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>[19] Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>[20] C\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo ngh\u0129a P\u0101\u1e37i: Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed n\u0103ng; th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, gi\u00e1c tri.<\/p>\n<p>[21] Con s\u1ed1 12 n\u00e0y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng theo li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3 8 kh\u1ed5, th\u00eam ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft n\u1eefa l\u00e0 12. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 8 kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y n\u1ed9i dung: Tr\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly, o\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: Th\u00e2n \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9, ly bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft 3 kh\u1ed5: C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly, o\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng trong 8 kh\u1ed5: Sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc, \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly, o\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i, th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>[22] Hao m\u00f2n, gi\u00e0 nua, h\u01b0 c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>[23] Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb paripaccati, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00edn, th\u1eadt ch\u00edn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>[24] V\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00ean ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Xin b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.K\u0101mata h\u0101: D\u1ee5c \u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a si) &#8211; tham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm say d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>[25] Bhavata h\u0101: Bhava l\u00e0 h\u1eefu n\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tham). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n, tham \u0111\u1eafm, mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u00ean m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ed3i th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u1edf m\u00e3i b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh (h\u1eefu \u00e1i). C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac r\u1ea5t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, thanh t\u1ecbnh; c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00ean h\u1ecd mang \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1edbi 4 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh &#8211; r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016bpata h\u0101: S\u1eafc \u00e1i &#8211; l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch, tham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd t\u1ebf vi c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Vibhavata h\u0101: Phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd v\u1edbi ta. Ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00f3, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3, phi h\u1eefu h\u00f3a n\u00f3 ngay. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t, s\u1ee3 h\u1ebft, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, quay cu\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 &#8211; l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u01b0 v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ki\u1ebfn &#8211; \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn. Ar\u016bpata h\u0101: V\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i &#8211; l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sanh do ch\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd ch\u00e1n lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1eafc d\u00f9 th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u00f4 th\u00e1o n\u1eefa; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac vi t\u1ebf, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, cao s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi 3 c\u00f5i: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Ai h\u1eb1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Vipassan\u0101 \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng:L\u00fac n\u00e0o ta \u0111\u1eafm say c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, si m\u00ea th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0101mata h\u0101 &#8211; si, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i. L\u00fac n\u00e0o ta tham mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ecb h\u00fat d\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xa r\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u00e3i b\u00ean m\u00ecnh &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bhavata h\u0101 &#8211; tham, h\u1eefu \u00e1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn (Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ebb m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3a hoa n\u1edf \u0111\u1eebng t\u00e0n, mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mu\u00f4n n\u0103m b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1eefu \u00e1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y). L\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u1ecf ra ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi xa n\u00f3, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00f3, phi h\u1eefu h\u00f3a n\u00f3 &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vibhavata h\u0101 &#8211; s\u00e2n, phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i, \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh 6 c\u0103n, 6 tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, t\u00ednh th\u00eam qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai &#8211; th\u00ec d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, si, k\u0101mata h\u0101 c\u00f3 36 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c; h\u1eefu \u00e1i, tham, bhavata h\u0101 &#8211; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 36 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c; phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, vibhavata h\u0101 &#8211; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 36 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; t\u1ed5ng c\u1ecdng 108 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>[26] Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 9 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 84 ng\u00e0n a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3, kho\u1ea3ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>[27] \u00c1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111i t\u00e1i sanh.<\/p>\n<p>[28] Xin di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t, Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>[29] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5. Khi nghe m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, ta b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, b\u00e8n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c r\u1ed3i ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u201cs\u00e2n \u00e0, s\u00e2n \u00e0\u201d- m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, an t\u0129nh, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00ec s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. Th\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf: Ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ( kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf) l\u00e0 do s\u00e2n h\u1eadn (\u00e1i d\u1ee5c &#8211; t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf); ta b\u00e8n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c (ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh; t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn &#8211; tu\u1ec7 &#8211; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1i s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 (di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf). V\u1eady, n\u1ebfu l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n &#8211; d\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf &#8211; th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>[30] Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n<p>[31] Ngo\u00e0i 3 ngh\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f2n 2 ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng: 1- bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n, g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, cung t\u00ean&#8230; 2- Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c, thu\u1ed1c s\u00e2u r\u1ea7y, ma t\u00fay&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[32] Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n (sammappadh\u0101na): 1- Tinh c\u1ea7n thu th\u00fac, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 (sa varapadh\u0101na): Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi ( \u00c1c v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed b\u1ea5t sanh). 2- Tinh c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t (pah\u0101napadh\u0101na): C\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tinh c\u1ea7n, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang (\u00c1c d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n). 3- Tinh c\u1ea7n tu ti\u1ebfn (bh\u0101van\u0101padh\u0101na): C\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh h\u00e3y tu ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sanh (Thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh). 4- Tinh c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (anurakkhan\u0101padh\u0101na): C\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh (Thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/p>\n<p>[33] Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n cho th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng qu\u00e1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft. T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, tinh y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. 1\/ Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (k\u0101y\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa h\u0101na): Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n s\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c&#8230; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed1n oai nghi, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eed thi&#8230; 2\/ Th\u1ecd qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (vedan\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa h\u0101na): Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3, \u01b0u, h\u1ef7&#8230; 3\/ T\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (citt\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa h\u0101na): Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tham, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tham, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 si, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng si, t\u00e2m khinh an, t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t&#8230; 4\/ Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (dhamm\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa h\u0101na): Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong khi tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 &#8211; nh\u01b0 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, 5 u\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 7 gi\u00e1c chi, T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[34] Xem th\u00eam ghi ch\u00fa 129, 130.<\/p>\n<p>[35] Danh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, danh l\u00e0 4 danh u\u1ea9n &#8211; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n s\u1eafc &#8211; g\u1ed3m nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n c\u00f9ng 7 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecfa, phong.<\/p>\n<p>[36] I\/- Danh kh\u1edfi sanh: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh. C\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sanh khi g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: 1- Nh\u00e3n m\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc. 2- \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7. 3- S\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. 4- C\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh nh\u00e3n c\u0103n t\u1ed1t (th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft t\u1ed1t). II\/- S\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sanh: C\u00f3 4 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho s\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sanh. 1- S\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sanh do nghi\u1ec7p (kammajar\u016bpa): Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p &#8211; t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 no\u00e3n ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u0103c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a thai nhi. 2- S\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sanh do t\u00e2m (cittar\u016bpa): Do h\u1ef7, n\u1ed9, \u00e1i, \u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m&#8230; m\u00e0 s\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. 3- S\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sanh do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft (utujar\u016bpa): L\u00fac n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh, gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a&#8230; t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. 4- S\u1eafc sanh kh\u1edfi do v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c (\u0101h\u0101rajar\u016bpa): Do \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, do v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eafc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ahidhamma c\u00f2n cho ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb sanh \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec5n ra trong 17 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>[37] 1- Danh di\u1ec7t: Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai nghe \u00e2m thanh (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc) &#8211; m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1eafc \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc kh\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc (danh) ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh di\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i theo th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a th\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh tho\u00e1ng qua tai, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1t sanh (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, danh), ta ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea5y di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t &#8211; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 danh di\u1ec7t. 2- S\u1eafc di\u1ec7t: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh, m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc) &#8211; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00fang di\u1ec7t (theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m) &#8211; th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>[38] 1- S\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p: M\u1ed7i t\u00e2m &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c &#8211; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng 01 s\u00e1t-na r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1 cho t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c (Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7ng b\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay, t\u00e2m sanh di\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 1000 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i s\u00e1t-na c\u00f2n chia ra 3 ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na). 2- S\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 4 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u1eafc sanh, s\u1eafc tr\u1ee5, s\u1eafc gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 01 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 17 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>[39] H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (n\u0103ng tri) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1edf tri) &#8211; nh\u1edd v\u1eady, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>[40] S\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0: C\u00e1 \u0111ang \u1edf trong l\u01b0\u1edbi. Nh\u00e1i n\u1eb1m trong mi\u1ec7ng r\u1eafn. G\u00e0 r\u1eebng b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong chu\u1ed3ng. Nai b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1eaby. Voi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m s\u00e2u. Long v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf trong mi\u1ec7ng \u0111i\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[41] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng &#8211; v\u00ec tr\u00ed n\u00e0y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ly tho\u00e1t c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc; t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eanh thanh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: 1- Parikamma: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb (th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m) &#8211; di\u1ec5n ra 01 s\u00e1t-na. 2- Up\u0101c\u0101ra: C\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m) &#8211; di\u1ec5n ra 01 s\u00e1t-na. 3- Anuloma: Thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 &#8211; 01 s\u00e1t-na. 4- Gotrabh\u016b: Chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh &#8211; 01 s\u00e1t-na. 5- Maggacitta: \u0110\u1ea1o t\u00e2m &#8211; 01 s\u00e1t-na. 6.7- Phalacitta: Qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m &#8211; 02 s\u00e1t-na. L\u01b0u \u00fd: 07 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m (javana). V\u00e0, 02 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed &#8211; n\u00ean tr\u00ed 12 ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m \u0111i sau; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i sau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>[42] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101 tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n th\u00ec c\u00f3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3; T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3&#8230; N\u1ebfu Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi. T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m th\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt 02 s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh. A-na-h\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n 05 s\u1ee3i gi\u1ea5y \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ebfn A-la-h\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n 05 s\u1ee3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n<p>[43] Quan s\u00e1t 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u: 1- Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. 2- Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. 3- Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. 4- Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t. 5- T h\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t (trong 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, s\u1eafc ai, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 minh).<\/p>\n<p>[44] T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c vua Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Na-ti\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, xin tr\u00edch ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cVua Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, tr\u1eabm c\u0169ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y, nam, b\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1, trung?<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Na-ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5 ra sao \u1ea1?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng! Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n? V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? V\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ctr\u00fa\u201d- l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba c\u01b0, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y&#8230; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, n\u00fai s\u00f4ng, chim mu\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf&#8230; V\u1eady, n\u1ebfu Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 &#8211; th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201ctr\u00fa\u201dn\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u201ctr\u00fa\u201dkh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u201ct\u1ecf r\u00f5, t\u1ecf l\u1ed9\u201dNi\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp; n\u1ebfu \u201ct\u1ecf r\u00f5, t\u1ecf l\u1ed9\u201dNi\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9\u201dNi\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp! Th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng, th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, vua Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn logic, \u0111anh th\u00e9p &#8211; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Na-ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t l\u1ed9; v\u1eady th\u00ec v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 sau r\u1ed1t, v\u1ecb vua h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ta c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi nghi ng\u1edd! Ai mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u201ch\u00f3c b\u00faa\u201dn\u00e0y, xin h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc Mi-ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u1edbi Nghi\u00eam, NXB Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u0103m 2009 (trang687-690).<\/p>\n<p>[45] Tr\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm, n\u1ecbch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm, m\u00ea say.<\/p>\n<p>[46] C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 4 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (catt\u0101ro \u0101sav\u0101). 1- D\u1ee5c l\u1eadu (k\u0101m\u0101sava) &#8211; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1m ra, r\u1ec9 ra, ti\u1ebft ra s\u1ef1 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1, x\u00fa u\u1ebf&#8230;; ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 si m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm say d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. 2- H\u1eefu l\u1eadu (bhav\u0101sava) &#8211; ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi sanh h\u1eefu &#8211; d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. 3- Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadu (di h\u0101s\u0101va) &#8211; ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng). 4- V\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu (avijj\u0101sava): Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00ea m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf&#8230;n\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n<p>[47] \u0110\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 K\u0101mar\u0101ga. L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kinh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb: \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, d\u1ee5c, tham, \u00e1i, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c&#8230; nh\u01b0ng P\u0101\u1e37i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. Chanda: \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n \u0103n). Lobha: tham. Abhijj\u0101: Tham lam. Macchariya: G\u1ed1c tham, gian tham \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 xan l\u1ea9n, h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, keo ki\u1ec7t&#8230; K\u0101ma: D\u1ee5c &#8211; ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng tham mu\u1ed1n ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. Ta h\u0101: Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00e1i (g\u1ed1c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c trong v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c); n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u0101mata h\u0101 (d\u1ee5c \u00e1i); n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 R\u016bpata h\u0101 (s\u1eafc \u00e1i); n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ar\u016bpata h\u0101( v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i). Ri\u00eang t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1eeb R\u0101ga c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>[48] By\u0101pada: \u00c1c c\u1ea3m, \u00e1c \u00fd, o\u00e1n h\u1eadn ( nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n h\u1eadn th\u00f9 (pa igha). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Dosa: s\u00e2n (g\u1ed1c), n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Domanassa: \u01afu, lo ngh\u0129, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c (g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n). Pa igha: H\u1eadn, hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9, gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf (Khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m cho ta b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u th\u00edch&#8230; th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi l\u00ean (g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n); n\u1ebfu s\u00e2n n\u00e0y (dosa) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i trong t\u00e2m (th\u1ee7) th\u00ec s\u00e2n n\u00e0y n\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e2m \u1ec9, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u1edf trong t\u00e2m &#8211; s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh \u01b0u (domanassa) &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c, lo ngh\u0129; cao \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u1eadn (pa igha), gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, h\u1eadn th\u00f9, hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9, hi\u1ec1m h\u1eadn &#8211; mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n<p>[49] R\u016bpata h\u0101: S\u1eafc \u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>[50] Ar\u016bpata h\u0101: V\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>[51] \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 &#8211; gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Myanmar. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u201cTh\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn\u201dc\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Minh Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Abhidamma v\u00e0 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nik\u0101ya c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c ch\u00fat \u00edt:<\/p>\n<p>* Abhidhamma: D\u1ee5c \u00e1i ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (k\u0101mata h\u0101sa yojana), H\u1eefu \u00e1i ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (bhavata h\u0101sa yojana). S\u00e2n h\u1eadn ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (pa ighasa yojana). M\u1ea1n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (m\u0101nasa yojana). Ki\u1ebfn ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (di hisa yojana). Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (s\u012blabbatapar\u0101m\u0101sasa yojana). Nghi ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (vicikicch\u0101sa yojana). T\u1eadt ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (iss\u0101sa yojana). Xan ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (macchariyasa yojana). V\u00f4 minh ki\u1ebft s\u1eed (avijj\u0101sa yojana).<\/p>\n<p>*Nik\u0101ya: D\u1ee5c \u00e1i ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, nghi, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec6 NG\u00d4N X<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXV<\/p>\n<p>Phu hassa loka-dhammehi citta yassa ra kampati<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian<\/p>\n<p>(Khi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba t\u1eeb n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i cho r\u00f5:<\/p>\n<p>1. Loka: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian. Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef loka c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, tan r\u00e3&#8230; \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u00fai non, s\u00f4ng b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>2. Lokadhamma: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian. Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian hay l\u00e0 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong th\u1ebf gian, n\u00ean ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p hay l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n<p>3. Kampati: L\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean b\u1ecb 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, xao xuy\u1ebfn, lay chuy\u1ec3n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t lo ch\u1ea1y theo n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, hay ki\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t n\u00ean lo gi\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5 &#8211; v\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 khi m\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady khi m\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Trong 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a, n\u00ean m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn!<\/p>\n<p>8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 trong l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfng \u201cch\u00fang sanh\u201d; ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef satta ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00ednh, \u00fd n\u00f3i d\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 m\u1eafc d\u00ednh trong l\u01b0\u1edbi, hay c\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f2n 8 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00edch<\/p>\n<p>Gh\u00e9t<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u0101bho: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n<p>3. Yaso: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c danh<\/p>\n<p>5. Pasa s\u0101: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khen<\/p>\n<p>7. Sukha: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n<p>2. Al\u0101bho: M\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n<p>4. Ayaso: M\u1ea5t danh<\/p>\n<p>6. Nind\u0101: B\u1ecb ch\u00ea<\/p>\n<p>8. Dukkha: B\u1ecb kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n<p>Trong 8 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch, c\u00f2n 4 ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta ham m\u00ea hay \u01b0a th\u00edch 4 ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c\u201d. V\u00ec \u01b0a th\u00edch n\u00ean ta ch\u1ea1y theo n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i qu\u00ean gi\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ta \u01b0a th\u00edch, ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i; hay ta l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3 ra \u0111i, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ta ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em g\u00ec theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. Ta l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ta n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 loka (th\u1ebf gian) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tan ho\u1ea1i, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhau. V\u00ec 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh tranh v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00f3m n\u00e0y tranh v\u1edbi x\u00f3m kia, x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y tranh v\u1edbi x\u1ee9 n\u1ecd, n\u00ean th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. X\u00e9t k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u00e2y th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n l\u00e0 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, xao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian &#8211; \u00fd n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u00e2y th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o hay ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>+ Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb 3 ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. Lokap\u0101ladhamma: Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec th\u1ebf gian (loka); n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p: Hiri &#8211; l\u00e0 t\u00e0m, l\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; v\u00e0 ottappa &#8211; l\u00e0 qu\u00fd, l\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft loka l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i; m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p g\u00ecn gi\u1eef (h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec), th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, hay \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i. Hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, bi\u1ebft gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n &#8211; do v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>2. Sati: Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb (ni\u1ec7m); v\u00e0 sampaja\u00f1\u00f1a: Bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh (T\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c).<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb (ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m) \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e2u l\u1ea5y, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00ean cho v\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho v\u00e0o. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. Bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh (t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c) l\u00e0 khi bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>3. Yonisomanasik\u0101ra: C\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy x\u00e9t cho chu \u0111\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd).<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd n\u00f3i khi ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec n\u00ean d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy ngh\u0129 cho k\u1ef9, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean b\u1ecb 8 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y chi ph\u1ed1i, n\u00ean khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u00ec vui, khi m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i th\u00ec bu\u1ed3n, t\u1ee9c sanh ra o\u00e1n th\u00f9, c\u1ed9t oan tr\u00e1i l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n<p>lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, chung quy l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p>b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c[1], khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, danh v\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c&#8230; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vui hay bu\u1ed3n. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c m\u00f3n l\u00e0m ta \u01b0a th\u00edch, c\u00f3 theo li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ta ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y kia c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ra \u0111i. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eafm, th\u00edch th\u00fa l\u1eafm, khi c\u00e1i \u1ea5y h\u01b0 hay m\u1ea5t v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ta c\u00e0ng bu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng gia.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, ta c\u00f2n ph\u00e0m nh\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00e1ng di\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n \u0111i, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n tr\u00f2n, duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f2n c\u00f3 2 ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m ta kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec 8 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian:<\/p>\n<p>1. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean b\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp m\u00e3i theo minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>2. H\u00e0nh theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 r\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>5, L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho m\u00ecnh trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho h\u1eadu sanh.<\/p>\n<p>9. L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXVI<\/p>\n<p>Asoka : Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p>(V\u00f4 \u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n)<\/p>\n<p>Asoka ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef asoka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>A c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, soka c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ecb ghim v\u00e0o m\u0169i t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Khi r\u00e1p hai ch\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh asoka th\u00ec ngh\u0129a chung l\u00e0: T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gim b\u1edfi m\u0169i t\u00ean. Asoka c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u. N\u00ean asoka c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: V\u00f4 \u01b0u hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i &#8211; th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt g\u00ec, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ta b\u1ecb u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sau khi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m s\u1ebd ra sao?<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, n\u00ean chi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00ec ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, theo c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Pemato j\u0101yate soko<\/p>\n<p>Pemto j\u0101yati bhaya<\/p>\n<p>Pemato vippamuttassa<\/p>\n<p>Natthi soko kuto bhaya \u201d[2].<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau sanh ra u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau sanh ra lo s\u1ee3, n\u1ebfu d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau th\u00ec s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau. S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i l\u00ean cao. T\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i cao. Khi t\u00e2m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t, sanh th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng th\u00ec c\u00f3 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c hay th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sanh t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t ly l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt; v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ai ai c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y ra \u0111i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ta gi\u00e0u sang quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, anh em v\u1ee3 con, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao cho ta \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc ta.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c l\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f2n trong tam gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n, d\u1ea1y ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n<p>1. H\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<p>a. Sattana mara adhuva : Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>b. Jivata adhuva : Sanh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft).<\/p>\n<p>c. Sabbe sakh\u0101r\u0101 anicc\u0101: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ho\u1eb7c: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat, v\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>2. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n<p>a. Adhuva jivata : \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>b. Dhuva mara a : S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<p>nhi\u00ean (kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ea1y n\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n<p>c. Avassa may\u0101 maritabba : Ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft (l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi).<\/p>\n<p>d. Mara a pariyos\u0101na me jivata : \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>e. Jivatameva aniyata : \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p>f. Mara a niyata : C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (\u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta).<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111ao th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111ao l\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 ta.<\/p>\n<p>2. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tai n\u1ea5m m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean. \u00dd n\u00f3i: Khi tai n\u1ea5m m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t &#8211; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi v\u1eeba t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thai v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n theo.<\/p>\n<p>3. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y; t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n. \u0110\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, h\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 sanh v\u00e0o b\u00e0o thai l\u00e0 t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1 li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>4. Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ed7 xe ch\u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 vi tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m nguy.<\/p>\n<p>5. Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat theo th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>6. Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tay t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>7. Th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y ta ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gi\u1edd m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ta ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>8. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na th\u00f4i, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. (M\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na c\u00f2n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft &#8211; \u00fd c\u00e2u n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1edf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang sanh c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n sanh ra qu\u1ea3. Khi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, n\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc tham m\u00ea qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u1ea3 ngon. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ng\u0103n c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y. Khi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y r\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed1n b\u1ecf, hay l\u1ee1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111ang h\u00e1i, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y qu\u0103ng tr\u00e1i lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u00f3[3].<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc v\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ecd c\u00f3 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean Kutumbi c\u00f3 con ch\u1ebft n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta than kh\u00f3c th\u00ea th\u1ea3m, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Khi an v\u1ecb xong, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi Kutumbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y con c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00e0y Kutumbi! L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi th\u00ec c\u00f3 sanh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng; s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3, ti\u00eau vong v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t x\u00f3m, hay m\u1ed9t gia t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o &#8211; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y! Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf g\u00ec &#8211; l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f2n trong d\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o than kh\u00f3c khi con ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y xong, \u00f4ng Kutumbi m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft th\u00eam, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00fac sanh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Brahmadatta tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 B\u0101r\u0101 as\u012b. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sanh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh. Khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 cho con trai, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng. T\u00ednh t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0: Ng\u00e0i, v\u1ee3 ng\u00e0i, con g\u00e1i, con trai, d\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u00e1i. S\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; h\u00e3y th\u1ecd th\u00eam th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u00eam b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng: Ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u cho tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp, t\u00edch l\u0169y ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, ch\u0103m lo tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xao l\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, nh\u1eb1m m\u00f9a l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 con trai ra \u0111\u1ed3ng lo c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00e0y, con trai th\u00ec gom r\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00f2 m\u1ed1i, trong g\u00f2 m\u1ed1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c. Khi b\u1ecb kh\u00f3i, r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i b\u00f2 ra, g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c n\u00f3 c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Khi \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hay con m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, b\u1ed3ng con l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n c\u00e2y, c\u00f2n ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111i c\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y tan r\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean d\u1ea7u ta bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i chi: V\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf n\u00f3 hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecf ta. Kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f9ng x\u00f3m \u0111i ngang qua, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Con \u01a1i! Con \u0111ang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea1 th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eady, con h\u00e3y vui l\u00f2ng gh\u00e9 ngang qua nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<p>ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng, h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111em ra hai ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m, ch\u1ec9 \u0111em ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m th\u00f4i. Nh\u1edb nh\u00e9! M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edb g\u00e1i \u0111em c\u01a1m ra, h\u00f4m nay con b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd ra \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n thay \u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1eafm r\u1eeda cho s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0ng hoa.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea5y m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hay. B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ea7y con! Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho nh\u1eafn tin \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a b\u00e0, \u00f4ng nh\u1eafn tin v\u1ec1 cho b\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, trong m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng, b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i! M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, b\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o g\u1ecdi con g\u00e1i, con d\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edb g\u00e1i r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i t\u1eafm r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, m\u1eb7c xi\u00eam \u00e1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, s\u1eafm m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0ng hoa th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, mang theo m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m r\u1ed3i ra ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ta, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u201cc\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c\u201dv\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, thay y ph\u1ee5c, mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1m r\u1ed3i theo b\u00e0 ra \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111ang c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb g\u00ec bi ai c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd \u0111em c\u01a1m l\u1ea1i, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m xong, ch\u1eb3ng ai han h\u1ecfi g\u00ec, n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e0i. Ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng, bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. L\u00e0m h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e0i xong, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0i l\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i xung quanh, th\u1ea7m ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch, an nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3ng l\u00ean; ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng xem coi, th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi l\u1ee5y gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh sanh t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t ly. Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Theo t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecbt chi \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng th\u1eadt!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ch\u00ed th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con ch\u00ed th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c chi c\u1ea3 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Uragavo taca ji a hitv\u0101 gacchati santana<\/p>\n<p>Eva sar\u012bra nibbhoge pete k\u0101lakate sati<\/p>\n<p>Dayham\u0101no na j\u0101n\u0101ti n\u0101t\u012bna paridevata<\/p>\n<p>Tasm\u0101 eta na socati tato so tassa yagati\u201d[4].<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t khi con r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9t da r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc da c\u0169. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con t\u00f4i b\u1ecf x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 sanh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3c than bi l\u1ee5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. Con t\u00f4i nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2m, c\u00f3 ch\u00e9m n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc, kh\u00f3c than? Nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch nghe th\u1ebf m\u1edbi day qua h\u1ecfi b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a b\u00e0, v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 con trai y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00d4! Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cha th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1; c\u00f2n tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao con trai m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Anabbhito tato ag\u0101 n\u0101nuata oto gato<\/p>\n<p>Yath\u0101 gato tath\u0101 gato tath\u0101 k\u0101 parivedana<\/p>\n<p>Dayham\u0101no na j\u0101n\u0101ti n\u0101t\u012bna paridevata<\/p>\n<p>Tasm\u0101 eta na socati gato tassa yagati\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Con t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u1ef1 n\u00f3 sanh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xin ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u00fd n\u00f3, ra \u0111i c\u0169ng t\u00f9y \u00fd n\u00f3 &#8211; th\u00ec s\u1ef1 than kh\u00f3c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc c\u00e1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t khi con t\u00f4i b\u1ecb l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vui hay kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m x\u00fac b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n? V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc! Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch m\u1edbi quay sang h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 chi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 anh ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f4 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef h\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn anh trai, t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<p>sao c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bi l\u1ee5y gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec7t ly nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ea7y?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4 g\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft trong s\u00e1ng, an nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn l\u00e3o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n (\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch) \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Sace rode k\u012bs\u0101 assa tass\u0101 ne kim phala siya<\/p>\n<p>N\u0101timmitt\u0101 suhaj\u0101na bhiyo no arati siya<\/p>\n<p>Deyham\u0101no na j\u0101n\u0101ti n\u0101t\u012bna paridevata<\/p>\n<p>Tasm\u0101 eta na rocemi tata so tassa yagati\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t khi anh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 than kh\u00f3c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u1ed1m o g\u1ea7y m\u00f2n, anh t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au do th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn, than kh\u00f3c, ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 em g\u00e1i &#8211; anh t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, than kh\u00f3c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 \u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra duy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec sanh theo duy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp c\u00f4 con d\u00e2u trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0 chi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ebd c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nhau l\u1eafm; ph\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gian g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, khi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 tha thi\u1ebft nh\u1ee9t?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4 d\u00e2u b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc cha, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Yath\u0101 pi d\u0101rako canda gacchanta anurodati<\/p>\n<p>Eva sampademeveda yo pet\u0101manussocati<\/p>\n<p>Deyham\u0101no na j\u0101n\u0101ti n\u0101t\u012bna paridevata<\/p>\n<p>Tasm\u0101 eta na soc\u0101mi gatoso tassa yagati\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi, khi n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00f2i (mu\u1ed1n \u0111em v\u1ec1 ch\u01a1i); \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi k\u00eau kh\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3, th\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ee3 con \u0111ang kh\u00f3c. V\u00ec c\u1edb \u1ea5y n\u00ean t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng than kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc. Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edb g\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 chi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf l\u1eafm n\u00ean khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ebft c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc chi c\u1ea3 &#8211; v\u00ec c\u00f4 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n may cho ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2n v\u1ecdt h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Xin th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt! Ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y &#8211; l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u1ed1t<\/p>\n<p>nh\u01b0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb bi&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i &#8211; kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o anh em<\/p>\n<p>c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cha m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c?<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edb g\u00e1i c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Yath\u0101 pi udakumbho bhinno appatisandiyo<\/p>\n<p>Eva sampadameveda yo pet\u0101manussocati<\/p>\n<p>Deyham\u0101no na j\u0101n\u0101ti n\u0101tina paridevata<\/p>\n<p>Tasm\u0101 eta na soc\u0101mi gato so tassa yagati\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e1i n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00e1p cho n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e0i c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec thay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c than van, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n. Ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo c\u00e1i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi nghe 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an t\u0129nh, \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn phi th\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn, hi\u1ec7n ra th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi thi\u00ean b\u00e0o m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n ch\u00f3i ng\u1eddi h\u00e0o quang ng\u0169 s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1eebng l\u1eefng gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nghi\u00eam uy l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi m\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7! Ta hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecfa ra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nung n\u00f3ng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0ng 60 do-tu\u1ea7n thi\u00ean ngai c\u1ee7a ta. Ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn. V\u1eady, h\u00e3y cho ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb r\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. H\u00e3y \u0111i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0! H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng r\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng r\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1c do ta ph\u1ee5ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tu t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3n \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai ch\u0103ng? C\u00f4 t\u1edb g\u00e1i thu\u1edf x\u01b0a \u1ea5y, nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Khujjuttar\u0101 [5]. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 Uppalava \u0101 (Li\u00ean Hoa S\u1eafc), ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai l\u00e0 La H\u1ea7u La, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4 Khem\u0101; c\u00f2n v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai v\u1eady\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edch n\u1ea7y cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 ta u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>+ Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n<\/p>\n<p>phi\u1ec1n u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh sanh ly t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>2. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>3. N\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng [6].<\/p>\n<p>4. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh [7].<\/p>\n<p>5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>6. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1n trong c\u00f5i sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>7. B\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>10. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn.<\/p>\n<p>11. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>12. Kh\u00f4ng kinh kh\u1ee7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eed th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>13. L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>14. Kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>15. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>16. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an vui tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXVII<\/p>\n<p>Viraja : D\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/p>\n<p>(V\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef raja ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u00f2n vi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ai, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng d\u01a1; khi ta th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng d\u01a1 th\u00ec ta nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm, ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n s\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5ng th\u00ec l\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadt \u0111i r\u1eeda. N\u1ebfu tay ch\u00e2n ta b\u1ecb d\u01a1, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ch\u1edb khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o r\u1eeda cho s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 ra th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u &#8211; n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng chung quy, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba tam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c C\u016b\u1e37apanthaka trong b\u1ed9 Kinh ph\u00e1p c\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: R\u0101go r\u0101jo na ca pana re u vuccati&#8230; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ti\u1ebfng b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 \u0111\u00e2y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf tham \u00e1i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, trong \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh thanh cao.<\/p>\n<p>(C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i tham \u00e1i ra s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si m\u00ea) [8].<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<p>1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eadp t\u1eaft tham \u00e1i:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ed1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd v\u00e0o l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, tham \u0111\u1eafm s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ed1 t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham \u0111\u1eafm trong ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh s\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh s\u00e2n, th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t s\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ed1 \u00fd nghe l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb (t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<p>3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh si m\u00ea:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch nghe l\u1eddi n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u xa kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>+ Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eadp t\u1eaft si m\u00ea:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00edch nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00edt nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eb9p y\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u1ee9t th\u1eddi th\u00f4i, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch, h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 kinh Anguttaranik\u0101ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! B\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: Tham lam t\u1ed9i tuy nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u00e2n h\u1eadn, t\u1ed9i th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Si m\u00ea, t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Tham \u00e1i t\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t. \u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- T\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 S\u0101vatth\u012b (Th\u1ea5t La Phi\u1ec7t) c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o l\u00e0m r\u00e2u t\u00f3c cho nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi t\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam quy ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m r\u00e2u t\u00f3c cho nh\u00e0 vua, \u00f4ng d\u1eabn con trai theo v\u00e0o cung n\u1ed9i. Con trai \u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p trang di\u1ec7n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, anh ch\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y, khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 anh v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng n\u1eb1m m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ra, cha anh h\u1ecfi anh, anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng th\u1ee3 cao b\u1ea3o: \u201cCon \u01a1i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng cao qu\u00fd; thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng vua ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n ta l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao? V\u1eady n\u1ebfu con \u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 n\u00e0o m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec cha s\u1ebd xin c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ec1 cho con\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Con trai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1p: N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u1ea5y, con kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng c\u00f4 n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Con s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea7y th\u1ea5u t\u1edbi tai c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i nhau l\u1ea1i b\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng: V\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9!<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111ang b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau, r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n<p>sanh tham \u00e1i, n\u00ean di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ec5u tr\u00ean l\u00e1 sen s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111ang s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t ch\u00edn v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng. (Khi tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn sanh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng si m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb si m\u00ea theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i si m\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc (Khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 si m\u00ea th\u00ec l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Chung quy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n2. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<br \/>\n4. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<br \/>\n6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00e1ng h\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o.<br \/>\n7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<br \/>\n9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea7y n\u1ebfu duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC XXXVIII<\/p>\n<p>Khema: L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef khema ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 khinh kh\u1ee7ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u1ea1n tai, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an vui, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch [9], \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>+ L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m ba h\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u hay mau t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong khi nghe ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p hay h\u1ecdc tham thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>2. L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1eadc trung l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>3. L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n, khi l\u00e0 th\u00f9, ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u l\u1edbn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng tu\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00e9o th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong l\u00e0nh, b\u1eb1ng khi t\u00e2m \u00e1c sanh, th\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00f3t n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m n\u1ecbch trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1n h\u1ea7m \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. K\u0101m\u0101sava: H\u1ea7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n2. Bhav\u0101sava: H\u1ea7m tam gi\u1edbi<br \/>\n3. Di h\u0101sava: H\u1ea7m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<br \/>\n4. Avijj\u0101sava: H\u1ea7m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1n c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, n\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1edd. H\u1ea7m \u1ea5y s\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng to, gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang sanh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea7m \u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f3 l\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u1edd. Ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o gi\u1ecfi l\u1eafm l\u00e0 v\u1edb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn s\u00f3ng to, l\u1ea1i s\u00fat tay ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 ta v\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb r\u1edbt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng \u1ea5y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c. V\u1eadt d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, ti\u1ebfng hay, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, v\u1ecb ngon, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta m\u00ea theo, qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 gi\u00e0, \u0111au v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1ee5c, hay l\u00e0 tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea &#8211; nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1ee5c n\u1ea7y nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm c\u1ea3 thuy\u1ec1n to ch\u1edb ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ta m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>+ Xin gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea7m \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>1. H\u1ea7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1ed9i qua kh\u1ecfi, v\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y to r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n sa v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Mah\u0101sudassana trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c- \u0110\u1ee9c vua Sudassana l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Quanh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e2y th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c, l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1i ng\u1ecdc&#8230; v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chim qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ca h\u00f3t nghe th\u1eadt vui tai.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9c vua m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eafng, th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai xong, ra \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u1ed7 tay ba ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u01b0a v\u00e0ng m\u01b0a ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1edd \u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an nh\u00e0n sung t\u00fac th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch c\u0169ng n\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t, b\u00e8n nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u00e0i tr\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u1eeda c\u00f5i \u0110ao L\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm lu\u00f4n tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i \u0110ao L\u1ee3i m\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng sao th\u1eafng n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, tham \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sao tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<p>2. H\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u1ea7m tam gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi ba h\u1ea7m n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 ma [10]. Khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y hay \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0169 ma th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u hai c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n an vui h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kinh s\u1ee3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi tam gi\u1edbi. Mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m chi, hay t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>3. H\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 h\u1ea7m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n hai h\u1ea7m tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sa v\u00e0o h\u1ea7m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>4. H\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ea7m v\u00f4 minh. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, m\u1edd \u00e1m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i; ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 m\u00e3i. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00ec v\u1eady v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a b\u00e3o gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y, th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kinh s\u1ee3 d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eady, quanh ta \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n b\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? H\u1ecfi t\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ch\u1eafc qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh che \u0111\u1eady m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, n\u00ean th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i, gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 d\u1eef \u0111ang ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd \u0103n th\u1ecbt ta, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n tai \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd ta trong tam gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecfi, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh kh\u1ee7ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con thuy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng s\u00f3ng to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 d\u1eef \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ba t\u01b0\u1edbng &#8211; v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 &#8211; trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5&#8230; B\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i che l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady trong b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7n nghi cho ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng. T\u00f4i xin v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m, c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi tr\u00ean ghe. C\u00f2n tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 vi\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea9y thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1edd, tu\u1ec7 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1edd.Khi ta c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; d\u00f9 h\u1ea7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gian nguy, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap ta noi theo \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ra.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00e2m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>1. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n2. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i.<br \/>\n3. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xa ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<br \/>\n4. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i xa.<br \/>\n5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xa \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n6. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<br \/>\n7. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u00fd trong s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n8. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n h\u1ea7m to l\u1edbn \u1ea5y.<br \/>\n9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh theo Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n.<br \/>\n10. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng an vui trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n11. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n12. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o.<br \/>\n13. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em ra l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u1eadu t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ebft<\/p>\n<p>[1] H\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 213: Luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i sinh b\u1ec7nh s\u1ea7u \u01b0u. L\u1ea1i sinh s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, lo \u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111am m\u00ea. \u01afu s\u1ea7u, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n trao g\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn: ng\u0103n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecf qu\u1ea3! Th\u1eadt ra, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: Khi c\u00f2n \u1edf trong tam gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng g\u00e2y nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3. G\u00e2y nh\u00e2n th\u00ec g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt. Qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 chua, qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt, qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp, th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101 &#8211; ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm ch\u00fang, d\u00f9 chua ng\u1ecdt, d\u00f9 kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, sinh di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 &#8211; ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh m\u1eafc g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang n\u1eefa! (Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y, qu\u0103ng tr\u00e1i &#8211; th\u1eadm nguy hi\u1ec3m).<\/p>\n<p>[4] B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 04 c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f4 b\u1ecb g\u00f9 l\u01b0ng, th\u1ecb n\u1eef c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu S\u0101m\u0101vat\u012b, vua Udena t\u1ea1i Kosambi &#8211; \u0111\u1eafc Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Do qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sai khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Ni n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i 500 ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i. V\u00ec nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt g\u00f9 l\u01b0ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb g\u00f9 l\u01b0ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i t\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i: H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m-th\u1ee5y mi\u00eam, nghi, s\u00e2n, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>[7] Trong th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf &#8211; th\u00ec 8 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n; ri\u00eang ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9, ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>[8] Xin ch\u00e9p ra \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 ba b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n<p>1- R\u0101go rajo na ca pana re u vuccati&#8230; (tham &#8211; t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c &#8211; l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf, l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng). 2- Doso rajo na ca pana re u vuccati&#8230; (s\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf, l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng). 3- Moho rajo na ca pana re u vuccati&#8230; (si l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf, l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i nh\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n<p>[9] Xem ghi ch\u00fa 155.<\/p>\n<p>[10] Ng\u0169 ma: Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma (kilesam\u0101ra), Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ma (Pa\u00f1cakhandham\u0101ra), ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ma (abbhisakh\u0101ram\u0101ra), thi\u00ean ma (devaputtam\u0101ra), t\u1eed th\u1ea7n ma (maccum\u0101ra).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC I \u2013 Bonheur 1\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u00e1c (Asevan\u0101 ca b\u0101l\u0101na ) :\u00a0Ne pas suivre les \u00eatres anim\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9tat de \u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2646\">Continue \u00e0 lire <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr; <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":44,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2646","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2646"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3426,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2646\/revisions\/3426"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}