{"id":2456,"date":"2012-04-26T15:00:33","date_gmt":"2012-04-26T15:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2456"},"modified":"2013-03-14T15:22:48","modified_gmt":"2013-03-14T15:22:48","slug":"thi%e1%bb%81n-t%e1%bb%a9-ni%e1%bb%87m-x%e1%bb%a9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2456","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau<\/p>\n

http:\/\/tuvien.com\/thien_nguyen_thuy\/show.php?get=1&id=trisieu-thientuniemxu-00<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i l\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc
\nM\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u
\n01 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh
\n02 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng
\n03 Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9
\n04 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1o
\n05 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9
\n06 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn
\n07 Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c – Kinh Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang trong k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb “Discourse on the Applications of Mindfulness” (Satipatthanasutta) trong “Middle Length Sayings” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh) c\u1ee7a Pali Text Society, I.B. Horner, 1967.<\/p>\n

1. V\u00e0i l\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00edch tu thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca x\u01b0a kia do tu Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang mang v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n, T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n, Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9, Thi\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3n, Thi\u1ec1n Yoga, Thi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Thi\u1ec1n Zen… kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft theo ai b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n th\u00ec theo \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng hay Zen th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may r\u01a1i v\u00e0o Thi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u00f4i th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng u\u1ed5ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n u\u1ed5ng c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp sau, v\u00ec sai m\u1ed9t ly \u0111i ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m. C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Th\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0nh ng\u00e0n n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng cam m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m”.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n do ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 sanh (A La H\u00e1n). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh. Thi\u1ec1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 hay Minh S\u00e1t v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 “ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh” Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4 khan, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 quan s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp theo T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm Th\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean r\u1ed3i, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a Thu n\u0103m \u00d0inh M\u00e3o 1987
\nt\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng Sakyamuni, Montb\u00e9on.
\nTh\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau<\/p>\n

2. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

“Tu l\u00e0 c\u00f5i ph\u00fac, T\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y oan”, “\u00d0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, Tu l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. Nh\u01b0ng tu l\u00e0 tu c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Tu l\u00e0m sao? Tu c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n hi\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u00e0nh, \u0103n chay ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? Hay ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a c\u1ea1o t\u00f3c xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 tu ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xin mi\u1ec5n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec Kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng quy t\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a th\u0103m h\u1ecfi qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y, qu\u00fd C\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 cho.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u00ec \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua anh B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft bao m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e2y anh \u0111ang c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n hay \u00e1c, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay v\u00f4 minh, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Tu Thi\u1ec1n v\u00ec sao \u00edt c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh? V\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai th\u00f4i, h\u1ecd \u00edt th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u1ef7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn, sau khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 tu s\u1eeda t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u1ee5ng Kinh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u01b0a t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng Kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Kim Cang… M\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tu h\u00e0nh ra sao, th\u00ec tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “\u00d0\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p Hoa, 4 b\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n…” r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n cho l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tu nhi\u1ec1u. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c tham, s\u00e2n, si ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng th\u00eam. \u00d0\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 hay \u0103n n\u00f3i khoe khoang, khen Th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Th\u1ea7y kia, th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u1ecd…<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec sao? T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Thi\u1ec1n, r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ee9c thu\u1edf x\u01b0a. M\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em ra k\u1ec3 cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nghe \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i gieo cho h\u1ecd \u00fd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, c\u00f2n th\u1eddi nay m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9n tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt cho ch\u1eafc \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3, ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi nay \u0111\u1ec1u hay b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. L\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec1n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 khan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 vui h\u01a1n. \u00d0\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c chi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ngon ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n v\u00ec bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 lo bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “tu Thi\u1ec1n” (hay l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n) th\u1eddi nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u0111em Kinh s\u00e1ch Thi\u1ec1n ra b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, hay l\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o Thi\u1ec1n sinh nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o ch\u00e2n theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00e1n gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Thay v\u00ec \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p cho xong \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n lo \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb S\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p n\u00e2ng t\u00e1ch tr\u00e0 l\u00ean u\u1ed1ng thong th\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y Thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef danh t\u1eeb. Thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0u b\u1ed9 T\u1ef3 Ni, Oai Nghi r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft ch\u00fa tr\u1ea3 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thong th\u1ea3, ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v.v…Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a m\u00e3i n\u01a1i cha m\u1eb9, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh hai b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00d0\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch tu Thi\u1ec1n, n\u00f3i Thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng tu Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tu l\u00e0m sao? T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 “quy y s\u00e1ch Thi\u1ec1n” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng quy y Tam B\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng). V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a th\u00ec ngh\u00eanh ngang, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 “T\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma”, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, “g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt, g\u1eb7p Ma gi\u1ebft Ma”. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Tuy v\u1eady ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao? Ph\u1ea3i tu theo Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o? S\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Thi\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n Trung Hoa… \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n do ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

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01. T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2m kinh<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n do t\u1eeb Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Satipatth\u00e0na Sutta, kinh th\u1ee9 10 trong Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kinh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam T\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i Kinh ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi Kinh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hai Kinh n\u00e0y \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 xung kh\u1eafc nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

A. T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kinh tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m (Satipatth\u00e0na). “Sati” l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, “patth\u00e0na” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Upatth\u00e0na c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i Kinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

“Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y, h\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111ang c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf Kammassadhamma, m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n Kuru. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ecdi ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo”. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p: “Th\u01b0a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u00f3 ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e2y”. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: ” N\u00e0y qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t (ek\u00e0yano maggo) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u01b0u kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9”.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

1\/ Th\u00e2n (K\u00e0y\u00e0nupassan\u00e0). Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n.
\n2\/ Th\u1ecd hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (Vedan\u00e0nupassan\u00e0). Ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ecd.
\n3\/ T\u00e2m (Citt\u00e0nupassan\u00e0). Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m.
\n4\/ Ph\u00e1p (Dhamm\u00e0nupassan\u00e0) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m (Sati) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m hay s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t (anupassan\u00e0). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a Kinh th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

1) Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Xin \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1eef qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v.v…<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngay n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4-ra, b\u1ed1n oai nghi (\u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i), c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1edf trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 9 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4-ra (\u00e0n\u00e0p\u00e0nasati). H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u00fd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra. Khi h\u1ec9t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u00edt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i; khi th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i… \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng t\u00e2m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gom t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2) Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1eadn “m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan” nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: vui s\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd), \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd), ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd), xem ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ra sao v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c vui, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn: “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c vui”, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 hay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi vui s\u01b0\u1edbng khi th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 (b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n), v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hay l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

3) Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m hay nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Trong khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i, nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3 hai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i hay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng ai th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4) Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1: n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n che hay ng\u0169 c\u00e1i (Nivaran\u00e0): tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, nghi h\u1ed1i – N\u0103m nh\u00f3m t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p hay ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (Khanda): s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c – S\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay l\u1ee5c c\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n (Ayatana): m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb n\u1ebfm, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng – B\u1ea3y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi (Bojhang\u00e0): ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, tinh t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, khinh an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 – B\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd, T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf (Cattari Ariya Sacca): kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong Kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n d\u01b0 b\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Kinh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u: “V\u1ecb \u1ea5y (h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3) s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gian”. “T\u1ef1 do” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c (tanh\u00e0) v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (ditthi), c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i “Ta” v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c. Khi \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 (yath\u00e0bhutan), ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y ph\u1edbt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, 37 ph\u1ea9m Tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4i. Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau<\/p>\n

1\/. Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.
\n2\/. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5.
\n3\/. Qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n4\/. Qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Qua s\u1ef1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 xem qua \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

— V\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 6 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec hai \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4-ra, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang trong Kinh qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf (An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati Sutta).<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc, khi n\u00f3i Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed1t d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u00f3 n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c. \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

— V\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd), kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd) hay b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd), bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 sai s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1eef th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. “Th\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ed5” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1edbt tham, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

— V\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sinh di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t sinh trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u00e2m. C\u00f2n b\u1ea3o “Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

B. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i khi t\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Kinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00d0\u1ea1i Bi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Kinh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 649 T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. To\u00e0n b\u00e0i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 262 ch\u1eef. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Ma ha B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m Kinh (Maha Prajn\u00e0p\u00e0ramit\u00e0hrdaya S\u00f9tra). Ma ha c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, T\u00e2m (Hrdaya) l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i hay tinh y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m \u00fd (citta). \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00fd Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 sang b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, t\u1ee9c b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t gia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Kinh n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Kinh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh c\u00f3 262 ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a Kinh n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong 25 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u: “Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Tr\u00ed h\u1ee5\u00ea B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i soi th\u1ea5y 5 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u “kh\u00f4ng”, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n. Ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng theo nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i “kh\u00f4ng” l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (vide de nature propre), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i “kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7t” hay l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “c\u00f3”. Ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng” (s\u00f9nyat\u00e0, emptiness, vide) n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo sau c\u00e2u “Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i… nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch”, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u “X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i t\u1eed, S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb S\u1eafc, S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb S\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb “. D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i t\u1eed, S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c S\u1eafc, S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u00f4i v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Kinh. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn an vui, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp ra sao? Theo t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u00ec Kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em ra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tu t\u1eadp li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a Kinh. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng hay tr\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “5 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “5 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng” th\u00ec r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u ” S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ra l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u00ec hi\u1ec3u Kinh Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: “c\u00e1i xe h\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y th\u1ea3 ga, n\u1ebfu h\u01b0 th\u00ec b\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n, v\u00ec (t\u00f4i coi) n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng”. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea9y ra hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u00e0m; m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Trong Kinh c\u00e2u “S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb S\u1eafc” quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e2u “S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb S\u1eafc”. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i sao, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n. C\u00e1i b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0n” nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, c\u00e2y, c\u01b0a, \u0111inh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c, ti\u1ec1u phu, r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u01b0a, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v.v… N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n”. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n”, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n” khi \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, n\u00ean ta n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n” ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef “b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb” (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c) trong c\u00e2u “S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng” mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan). C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kia, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb: em b\u00e9 10 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 70 tu\u1ed5i. Em b\u00e9 10 tu\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbn l\u00ean r\u1ed3i gi\u00e0 \u0111i th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 70. Em b\u00e9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Em b\u00e9 theo th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 em b\u00e9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0, n\u00ean em b\u00e9 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 (b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb). Nh\u01b0ng em b\u00e9 10 tu\u1ed5i x\u01b0a kia t\u00f3c xanh \u0111en, nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 70 tu\u1ed5i h\u00f4m nay t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, cao g\u1ea7y, nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m; hai h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, hai t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i em b\u00e9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0, hay em b\u00e9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t). V\u00ec n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai danh t\u1eeb, em b\u00e9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat, t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt A chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt B, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B kh\u00e1c A, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B l\u00e0 A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd B\u1ea5t d\u1ecb, B\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t trong B\u00e1t B\u1ea5t Trung \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb n\u00f3i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n “b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb”, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 B\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 B\u1ea5t d\u1ecb v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i theo trong Kinh “S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb S\u1eafc, S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb S\u1eafc”, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i l\u00e0: “S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb S\u1eafc, S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb S\u1eafc, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng”. S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng S\u1eafc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng S\u1eafc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00e0n. “Th\u1eadt t\u1ebf l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea5t th\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n, v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 m\u00f4n trung b\u1ea5t x\u1ea3 nh\u1ee9t ph\u00e1p”, tuy bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u00e0n m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Trung-\u00d0\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C. So s\u00e1nh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh<\/p>\n

Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t Kinh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nam T\u00f4ng – M\u1ed9t Kinh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cao si\u00eau. Hai Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng? M\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u1ea3 hai Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, trong c\u00e1c Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 Kheo, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (anicca); b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (dukkha), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (anatta), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “c\u1ee7a ta”, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “Ta”, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta”. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o, xa l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 Kinh, Samyutta Nik\u00e0ya, quy\u1ec3n III).<\/p>\n

Trong Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn 5 u\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n

– Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.
\n– Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.
\n– Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.
\n– Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai Kinh l\u00e0: trong Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang qua m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o, trong khi B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh d\u1ea1y “chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng”, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Hai danh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (anatta) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng (sunyat\u00e0), theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y. V\u00ec V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00f2n Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3). C\u00f2n B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf \u0111i (t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1ebd an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gian, c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec “chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch”.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, h\u00e3y n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.
\n——————————————————————
\n02. T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 xem qua, T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kia t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 sanh (A La H\u00e1n). D\u00f9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0, v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

A. Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Theo B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ma Ha Ca Di\u1ebfp (Maha Kayapa). Sau \u00f3 gi\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 28 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma (Bodhidharma), \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Hoa. \u1ede Trung Hoa B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 S\u01a1 T\u1ed5, v\u00e0 gi\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 y b\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang nh\u01b0 Cao Ly, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 33 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma, ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi sang Trung qu\u1ed1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n
\nB\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1
\nTr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m
\nKi\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Do t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng (\u1edf Trung Hoa) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 S\u01b0. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m hai phe. Nam \u0111\u1ed1n, B\u1eafc ti\u1ec7m (T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7m tu \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc). Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, n\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9. Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba t\u1eeb Trung Hoa sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam do T\u1ed5 T\u1ef3 Ni \u00d0a L\u01b0u Chi, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c gi\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma: “Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, Truy\u1ec1n ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”. Ch\u00ednh b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, t\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tu theo \u0111\u00f3 mau th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. X\u01b0a kia c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi l\u1ebb c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n hoa nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng danh t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ee5 \u00fd gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i “ch\u1eb3ng l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, truy\u1ec1n ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, la h\u00e9t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u1eadn ra \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, hay t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi” ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n th\u00ec 33 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c hay “b\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c”. Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tinh t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (Samma-Sati), x\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c (h\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c) th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (Samma Ditthi), ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o (Ariya Magga).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n nghe n\u1eeda c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, hay b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t g\u1eady gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n”. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lanh tr\u00ed l\u1eb9 m\u1eaft, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u00edt, m\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u0103n th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian T\u00e2m \u1ea5n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, sau n\u00e0y T\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n tu Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 S\u01b0 th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y ai cho ta tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng \u00e1n hay \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac cho ta gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u00e1n, tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, la h\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 t\u00f9y b\u1ecbnh cho thu\u1ed1c, r\u00fat \u0111inh nh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed1t, qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a ch\u00edn m\u1ed9t phen x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m li\u1ec1n r\u1edbt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u “B\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, Gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n”. V\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba cho Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i thai c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00f2ng T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, tr\u1eeb ra c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh T\u1eeb \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i. Kinh b\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nghe Kinh b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 mong ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi mong th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Kinh s\u00e1ch Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0, mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ly k\u1ef3, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh, h\u00e9t, ho\u1eb7c khi th\u1ea5y hoa n\u1edf, nghe ti\u1ebfng m\u01b0a r\u01a1i v.v… Khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh s\u00e1ch Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y nh\u01b0 trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 (Th\u00e9ragatha), ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i A Nan ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la H\u00e1n trong khi \u0111ang quay m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng xu\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec9, Ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2u l\u1ee3i B\u00e0n \u00d0\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o trong khi \u0111ang qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, v.v… Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c Minh S\u00e1t Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng (cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra) b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i gi\u00f2ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1. C\u00e0ng n\u00f3i l\u00fd bao nhi\u00eau, c\u00e0ng \u0111i xa Thi\u1ec1n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hay h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111em ra l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129a b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nhai \u0111i nhai l\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n b\u00e3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hay, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 x\u01b0a kia l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh l\u00edu g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ta c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean si m\u00ea d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eafp s\u1eeda th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a kia T\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma \u0111em Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0a h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i \u0111i ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 \u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m sao cho ch\u00fang ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5!<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Thi\u1ec1n sau n\u00e0y qu\u00ean \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (sanh t\u1eed). Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o (satori) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh, hay gi\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9. Trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u00f3 n\u00f3i Khai Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp Tri Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i tu ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadp m\u1edbi th\u00f4i, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb l\u00fac ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cam go v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean trong. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n. V\u00ec ch\u1eef Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 hay l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tu theo Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mau gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng “tu nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfp, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi “, hay “tu v\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfp ng\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi” c\u0169ng c\u00f3. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 gieo nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi mong g\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 “nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean” th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng tu m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1c (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ca) \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 “Nh\u1ee9t t\u00fac gi\u00e1c” (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn tham v\u1ea5n L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trang nghi\u00eam, chuy\u00ean tu Ch\u1ec9-Qu\u00e1n (Samatha-Vipassan\u00e0). Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

B. So s\u00e1nh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb Ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n g\u00ec? T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean 2531 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 S\u01b0, m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, v\u1eady Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang, Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o sai, Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3. C\u00f2n Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o? Ai m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00ec thi\u1ec7t l\u00e0… kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i sao! V\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf cao hay th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o th\u00ec cho thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1eady cao hay th\u1ea5p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec c\u00f3. Tuy th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, la h\u00e9t khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. C\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ee9c x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt
\n\u00d0a sanh t\u1eadp kh\u00ed th\u00e2m
\nPhong \u0111\u00ecnh ba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u0169ng
\nL\u00fd hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec7m du x\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt
\nNhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadp kh\u00ed s\u00e2u
\nGi\u00f3 ng\u1eebng s\u00f3ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eadp
\nL\u00fd hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n x\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(Tr\u00edch Y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, H.T Thanh T\u1eeb)<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, song t\u1eadp kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng m\u00e0 s\u00f3ng ch\u01b0a l\u1eb7ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb t\u1eeb n\u00f3 m\u1edbi y\u00ean. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u00e3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi gi\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00fd th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n n\u00f3i tr\u0103ng, n\u00f3i cu\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c “di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng”. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (Samma-Sati) l\u00e0 chi th\u1ee9 7 trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (Ariya-Magga).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. V\u1eady ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, hay r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan. Ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m khi n\u00e0o, l\u00fac n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c (b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i: g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eeda c\u1ee7i l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n, l\u1eb7t rau, h\u00e1i c\u1ecf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 H\u1ea3i: “Tu Thi\u1ec1n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?”. Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Khi \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0103n, khi m\u1ec7t th\u00ec ng\u1ee7!”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: “Ai m\u00e0 ch\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0103n, m\u1ec7t th\u00ec ng\u1ee7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c?”. Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 b\u1ea3o: “Khi \u0103n ta bi\u1ebft \u0111ang \u0103n, khi ng\u1ee7 ta bi\u1ebft \u0111ang ng\u1ee7. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec khi \u0103n ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n, \u0111\u00f2i tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng; khi ng\u1ee7 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu ng\u1ee7, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n!”. Xem ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9: “Khi th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i…”. Trong m\u1ed7i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i theo v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111au \u0111i\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed qu\u00e8 ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Thay v\u00ec rong ru\u1ed5i theo v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 gi\u00e1c ch\u1eadm” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1n ra n\u00f3. \u00d0\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9? X\u01b0a kia T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac g\u1eb7p T\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma b\u1ea3o: “\u0111em t\u00e2m ra ta an cho”, m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n nghe ti\u1ebfng m\u01b0a r\u01a1i, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hoa n\u1edf.v.v… m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p ?<\/p>\n

Tu Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. V\u1eady T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng th\u00ec sao? \u00d0\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 duy\u00ean c\u1edb. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5, sau khi Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 sang Trung Hoa, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Kinh t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u0103ng say \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u01a1i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ecd b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o m\u00ea h\u1ed3n tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. C\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng hoang mang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u00d0\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00ed l\u1ed1i th\u00ec may thay, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh v\u1edbi c\u00e2u: “Gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9. Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i t\u00ecm Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong c\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, lo \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cao xa m\u1edbi \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a kia T\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ee9c S\u01a1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng Kim Cang, ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p \u00d0\u1ea1t t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0u ba ng\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p Hoa, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn ra.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 lo t\u1ee5ng Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Kim Cang, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Hoa Nghi\u00eam, v.v…. m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa, Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, T\u1ee9 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9,v.v… Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m “gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0, r\u1ed3i \u0111ua nhau \u0111i t\u00ecm Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i! T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9? T\u1ea1i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c. B\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, hay l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m: \u0103n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n, m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang m\u1eb7c, th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf… Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi gi\u1edd ph\u00fat! Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, hay b\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 th\u00ec gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m . Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a ch\u1eef gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 h\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, c\u00f2n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5. “\u0102n m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n” th\u00ec ai ch\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1edbi coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c su\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, tr\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0103n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n, \u0111ang \u0103n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0103n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra trong l\u00fac \u0103n, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n n\u1eefa… V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat, t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc nhau m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft cho nhau. Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00fd (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3i “b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1”). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Trong Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng xin ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eebng xem th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu theo T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o” m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn h\u00e0nh theo m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
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\n03 Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. \u00d0\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0. M\u1edbi xem qua d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i nhau, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh sao? C\u00f2n Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec T\u00edn, H\u1ea1nh, Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n l\u00e0m sao v\u00e3ng sanh, m\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9. Th\u1eadt ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf cao th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec7nh cho thu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p Thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o Thi\u1ec1n h\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cao th\u1ea5p, \u00d0\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y, c\u0103n c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, chuy\u00ean tu ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch tu Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n hay h\u1ea1 tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean do ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ecfi ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au tim r\u1eb1ng: “thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hay l\u1eafm, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ebd h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh”. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Kinh n\u00e0o hay Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o hay h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. Theo M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba (Mantrayan\u00e0) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Kim Cang th\u1eeba (Vajra-yan\u00e0), m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca c\u00f3 c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa “Om muni muni maha muni svah\u00e0”, Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0 c\u00f3 “Om Amitabh\u00e0 Hrih”, Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 “Om mani padm\u00e8 h\u00f9m “, v.v… Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m v\u1ecb Dhy\u00e0ni Buddha, v\u00e0 c\u00f5i C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y xin nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ai tu M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng (d\u00e9it\u00e9s, Yidams, Dakinis…) ho\u1eb7c mandala, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n cho tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh (Initiation, dbang). N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tu theo s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc l\u00f3m tu luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m mong c\u1ea7u s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc n\u00e0y n\u1ecd th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng hay.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7u sanh v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sanh C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 tu t\u00e2m s\u1eeda t\u00e1nh, gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u sanh C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf b\u00e1o th\u00e2n n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, trau d\u1ed3i Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7 ngay khi c\u00f2n \u1edf Ta B\u00e0 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 T\u00edn, H\u1ea1nh, Nguy\u1ec7n. T\u00edn l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0 \u1edb C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u00ed t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh. H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi tin ch\u1eafc r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i gia c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u00e2m t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt A Di \u00d0\u00e0. Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111em h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7n sanh C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch dung h\u00f2a hai l\u1ed1i tu gi\u1eefa Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd th\u00ec T\u00edn s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec H\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u00ea tr\u1ec5 l\u01a1 l\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb khi tu theo T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trau d\u1ed3i, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd, ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang sinh, l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u H”u. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o H\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Tu Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u00e1c T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (v\u1ed1n ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu). Tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf Thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 T\u00e2m (v\u1ed1n di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh”ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ea7u sanh T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 n\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 hai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ecbnh song tu. L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba theo B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh, ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh L\u1ee5c Ba La M\u1eadt : b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. Tu T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sai s\u1eed, nh\u1edd v\u1eady ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 khi l\u00e2m chung kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n. Tu Thi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u00fd, thanh l\u1ecdc th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, s\u1ed1ng an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt nghe Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 theo Thi\u1ec1n hay T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00e1nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm n\u01a1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai, th\u00f4n qu\u00ea, trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1edbt d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n. X\u01b0a kia c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0, sau khi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm n\u01a1i \u1edf \u1ea9n tu luy\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m \u00fd m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n, Thi\u1ec7n \u00d0\u1ea1o, V\u0129nh Minh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

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6. T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ecfa d\u1ecbch \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Bodhisattva (Sanskrit) hay Bodhisatta (Pali). Bodhi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c, Sattva l\u00e0 H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m, nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng! Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i bi, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. X\u01b0a kia, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o l\u00eca b\u1ecf cung th\u00e0nh \u0111i tu? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft ra \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ea1i bi th\u00f4i? C\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m T\u1eeb bi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3! \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i bi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. C\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, hay tinh th\u1ea7n. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m (Bodhicitta), t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb Bi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec trong qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i Bi, \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u1ef7, \u00d0\u1ea1i X\u1ea3, \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng, \u00d0\u1ea1i L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1ed3i. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a to, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai tu \u1ea9n d\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ea1o S\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Milar\u00e9pa x\u01b0a kia, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Kalou Rimpoch\u00e9). T\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n, Thanh V\u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 tr\u00ed. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n n\u01a1i B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m th\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hay Thanh V\u0103n c\u1ea3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 Ta B\u00e0, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Thanh V\u0103n tu theo T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c tu theo Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tu theo L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ed9. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf. V\u1eady ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen hay chia phe, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng: ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1p kia \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hay, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Kim Cang m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m danh ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng hay th\u00edch th\u1ecd “B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1edbi” v\u00e0 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0: Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Pannadhika), T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Saddh\u00e0dhika) v\u00e0 Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Viriy\u00e0dhika).<\/p>\n

“Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u00f3 tay quy h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 Kinh, hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ed T\u1ee5\u00ea B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00edch tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u00e0nh, tuy tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng, b\u1ee7a kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh. Saddh\u00e0 hay ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Saddh\u00e0 (ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o) nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trung t\u00edn, Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hoan h\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i, “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c”. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Theo Kinh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ng\u1eafn nh\u1ee9t, T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa”. (Tr\u00edch \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Thanh V\u0103n hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, th\u00ec song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (t\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 noi theo nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1ea1i Bi c\u1ee7a Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u00d0\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Th\u00f9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tha).
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\n04. T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ecfa d\u1ecbch \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Bodhisattva (Sanskrit) hay Bodhisatta (Pali). Bodhi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c, Sattva l\u00e0 H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m, nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng! Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i bi, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. X\u01b0a kia, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o l\u00eca b\u1ecf cung th\u00e0nh \u0111i tu? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft ra \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ea1i bi th\u00f4i? C\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m T\u1eeb bi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3! \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i bi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. C\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, hay tinh th\u1ea7n. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m (Bodhicitta), t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb Bi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec trong qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb, \u00d0\u1ea1i Bi, \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u1ef7, \u00d0\u1ea1i X\u1ea3, \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng, \u00d0\u1ea1i L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1ed3i. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a to, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai tu \u1ea9n d\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ea1o S\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Milar\u00e9pa x\u01b0a kia, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Kalou Rimpoch\u00e9). T\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n, Thanh V\u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 tr\u00ed. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c Thanh V\u0103n n\u01a1i B\u1ed3 \u00d0\u1ec1 T\u00e2m th\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hay Thanh V\u0103n c\u1ea3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 Ta B\u00e0, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Thanh V\u0103n tu theo T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c tu theo Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tu theo L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ed9. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 L\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ed9 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ebf. V\u1eady ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen hay chia phe, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng: ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1p kia \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hay, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Kim Cang m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m danh ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng hay th\u00edch th\u1ecd “B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1edbi” v\u00e0 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0: Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Pannadhika), T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Saddh\u00e0dhika) v\u00e0 Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Viriy\u00e0dhika).<\/p>\n

“Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u00f3 tay quy h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 Kinh, hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ed T\u1ee5\u00ea B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00edch tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u00e0nh, tuy tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng, b\u1ee7a kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh. Saddh\u00e0 hay ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Saddh\u00e0 (ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o) nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trung t\u00edn, Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hoan h\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i, “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c”. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Theo Kinh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ng\u1eafn nh\u1ee9t, T\u00edn \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 Tinh T\u1ea5n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa”. (Tr\u00edch \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p)<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Thanh V\u0103n hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 theo \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, th\u00ec song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (t\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 noi theo nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u1ea1i Bi c\u1ee7a Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u00d0\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Th\u00f9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tha).
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\n05. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

A. \u00d0i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y qua \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao si\u00eau, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, v\u00f4 \u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

1\/. \u00d0i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5ng 3, 000 b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p Hoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1edb v\u1ec1 nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

2\/. Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh ch\u1eafn).<\/p>\n

3\/. C\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n v\u0103n hoa, d\u00e0i gi\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi Kinh, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nguy\u1ec7n hai c\u00e2u sau: “Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca Tam B\u1ea3o. Nguy\u1ec7n mau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh”.<\/p>\n

4\/. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec n\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t Tu\u1ec7 trong d\u1ecbp ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 tham thi\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai b\u1ea3o m\u00ecnh c\u0103n c\u01a1 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 tu gi\u00f9m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf, su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y l\u0103ng x\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

5\/. Tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf r\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo th\u00ec s\u1ebd mau ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

B. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y theo nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y v\u0103n t\u1ef1 trong Kinh qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p) h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (Samm\u00e0 Sati) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u01a1 m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng m\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng (nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00e0o \u00e0o, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ta theo).<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, trong r\u1eebng, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o y\u00ean t\u0129nh xa ti\u1ebfng n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o. Ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00e1n gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

1\/ Ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e2n – H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4-ra (\u00e0n\u00e0p\u00e0nasati). Trong Kinh An Ban Th\u1ee7 \u00dd (An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati Sutta) c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y 16 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m H\u01a1i Th\u1edf do Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Ri\u00eang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i y theo Kinh.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00edt v\u00e0o ba h\u01a1i th\u1eadt d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1edf ra th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u00e1ng k\u00e8m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho lu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf thong th\u1ea3 tr\u00f4i ra r\u1ed3i thong th\u1ea3 tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

– Khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7m trong \u0111\u1ea7u: ” H\u00ed\u00ed\u00ed\u00edt “. Ch\u1eef H\u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00edt v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

– Khi th\u1edf ra, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7m: ” Th\u1edf\u1edf\u1edf\u1edf\u1edf “. Ch\u1eef Th\u1edf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian th\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00edt th\u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf “v\u00f4-ra” n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00ean ni\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu trong l\u00fac h\u00edt th\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf “v\u00f4-ra”.<\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean cho t\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta h\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd, l\u0103ng x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 xong chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n kia t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 con kh\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec1n c\u00e0nh, con ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ee9t c\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u00e2m vi\u00ean, \u00fd m\u00e3). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta b\u1eaft th\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i im m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed5, b\u1eaft t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, l\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu d\u00e0y v\u00f2. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn m\u1edbi \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1eafm m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi tu m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4-ra \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ed3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t hay hai ti\u1ebfng tr\u1edf l\u00ean, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sang ph\u00e1p “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p” * (c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng), s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng-x\u1eb9p” n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t hay c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0n tay l\u00ean b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p r\u1ed3i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(* Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ea1i l\u00e3o thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Mi\u1ebfn \u00d0i\u1ec7n Mahasi Sayadaw ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t.)<\/p>\n

– Khi b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7m: “b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng” hay “ph\u1ed3\u1ed3\u1ed3\u1ed3ng”, ch\u1eef ph\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t l\u00fac b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– Khi b\u1ee5ng x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “b\u1ee5ng x\u1eb9p” hay “xeee\u1eb9p”. Ch\u1eef x\u1eb9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ee5ng x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0: “Hiii\u00edt”, “Th\u01a1\u01a1\u1edf\u1edf”, “Ph\u00f4\u00f4\u00f4\u1ed3ng”, “Xeee\u1eb9p”? V\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 s\u01a1 m\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp, “\u00fd th\u1ee9c su\u00f4ng” ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c “t\u00f4i \u0111ang h\u00edt v\u00e0o” hay ch\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “H\u00edt” th\u00ec ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng trong s\u00e1t na sau hay gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u00ean thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c “H\u00edt, H\u00edt, H\u00edt…” th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra: “Hiii\u00edt”.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i “ph\u1ed3ng-x\u1eb9p” n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hai gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. V\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo Thi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi tu \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao ph\u1ee7 d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 trong ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda cho ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3n, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ma ch\u01b0\u1edbng, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y ch\u00fang t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, n\u00ean nay m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u00edt, m\u00e0 tu theo t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

2\/ Ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ecd – Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i l\u00e2u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u01b0 m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, ng\u1ee9a ng\u00e1y,v.v… L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e3y l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u00d0ang theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p”, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au nh\u1ee9c n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m: “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au nh\u1ee9c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh (n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n)”, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft: “c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au”. Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111ang c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m: “T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au hay ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111au”. Sau khi ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xong, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng-x\u1eb9p” c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh: ph\u00e1t sanh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, suy y\u1ebfu, tan bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e2u hay mau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed7ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t” ho\u1eb7c “c\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft”. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng th\u00eam th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111ang t\u0103ng”, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p”. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111au t\u0103ng l\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tay g\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n ra, hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1eadt ch\u1eadm, gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft khi mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y tay g\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n ra ni\u1ec7m: mu\u1ed1n, mu\u1ed1n, mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

– Khi nh\u1ea5c tay l\u00ean ni\u1ec7m: nh\u1ea5c, nh\u1ea5c, nh\u1ea5c.<\/p>\n

– Khi tay \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n ni\u1ec7m: \u0111\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

– Khi tay n\u1eafm ch\u00e2n g\u1ee1 ra ni\u1ec7m: g\u1ee1, g\u1ee1, g\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

– Khi g\u1ee1 ra xong, r\u00fat tay v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m: r\u00fat, r\u00fat, r\u00fat.<\/p>\n

– Khi r\u00fat tay v\u1ec1 xong, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u0169 ni\u1ec7m: \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1eadp gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra t\u1eeb l\u00fac mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5c tay, r\u1ed3i g\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac k\u00e9o tay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 c\u0169, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m. Trong l\u00fac l\u1ea5y tay g\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n ra h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m “th\u1eadt ch\u1eadm”, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba l\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Khi thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1eebng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

3\/ Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m – Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Trong Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i “Ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh kh\u1edfi tu” hay “\u00d0\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7m tu”, tu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u1ee3t kh\u1edfi ch\u1ee3t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p” c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 d\u00f9 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n ghi nh\u1eadn (ni\u1ec7m) n\u00f3: “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 (\u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh)”. Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 tan bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p”, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy t\u01b0 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m: “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129”. Ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 Nhan m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e2u l\u00e2u t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi: “\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7”. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p: “D\u1ea1”. T\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc: “T\u1ec9nh t\u1ec9nh ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eeba”.<\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i xa, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi s\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m: “\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129”. Kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m “\u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t”, v\u00ec khi ta ni\u1ec7m “\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129” th\u00ec ngay khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111em \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa n\u1eefa m\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang khi ch\u00fang v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eebng m\u1eebng cho l\u00e0 ta t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nhanh tr\u00ed nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e2m kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t sanh trong \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ta x\u1ea5u r\u1ed3i \u0103n n\u0103n, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nhanh tr\u00ed nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e2m kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u, xong r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

4\/ Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p – Trong Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Satipatth\u00e0na Sutta), trong ph\u1ea7n Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

– \u00d0ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ed7ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng xe h\u01a1i, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “nghe, nghe, nghe” (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo nh\u0129 c\u0103n), ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m “c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng” (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo thanh tr\u1ea7n). Sau khi ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xong, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 “ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p” c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh” ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m v\u1eafn t\u1eaft “c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7”. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m “T\u00f4i \u0111ang bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Ngay c\u1ea3 ba ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem thu\u1ed9c ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

-oOo-<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n ngoan, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, s\u1ebd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m trong l\u00fac \u0103n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “nh\u00ecn, \u0111ang nh\u00ecn”.<\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111\u01b0a tay g\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “\u0111\u01b0a, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a tay”.<\/p>\n

– Khi tay g\u1eafp tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “g\u1eafp”.<\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111em \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n l\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng, ni\u1ec7m “\u0111em, \u0111ang \u0111em”.<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “c\u00fai, \u0111ang c\u00fai”.<\/p>\n

– Khi h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng ra, ni\u1ec7m: “h\u00e1, \u0111ang h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng”.<\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, ni\u1ec7m: “\u0111\u1ec3, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3”.<\/p>\n

– R\u00fat \u0111\u0169a ra, ng\u1eadm mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ea1i, ni\u1ec7m: “ng\u1eadm, \u0111ang ng\u1eadm”.<\/p>\n

– R\u00fat tay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, ni\u1ec7m: “r\u00fat, \u0111ang r\u00fat tay”.<\/p>\n

– Khi tay \u0111\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e0n, ni\u1ec7m: “\u0111\u1ee5ng”.<\/p>\n

– B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ea9ng c\u1ed5 l\u00ean l\u1ea1i ngay th\u1eb3ng, ni\u1ec7m: “ng\u1ea9ng, \u0111ang ng\u1ea9ng”.<\/p>\n

– Khi nhai \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “nhai, nhai, nhai…” (ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong l\u00fac nhai).<\/p>\n

– Khi nu\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, ni\u1ec7m: “nu\u1ed1t”.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m “k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c”, \u0103n th\u00ec c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n t\u1ed9i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m lui. Trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n. V\u00ec trong b\u1eefa \u0103n, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn “ti vi”, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ecd, tay g\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ch\u1eb3ng nh\u00ecn, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng nhai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u “v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 ta cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ta \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng “v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c”, th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u1ecb qu\u00ean ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c b\u1ecb qu\u00ean ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1edbt l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, khi l\u1ee5c c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n

– Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m: “th\u1ea5y, th\u1ea5y, th\u1ea5y”.<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh g\u00ec l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tai, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 hay hay d\u1edf, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu hay kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m: “nghe, nghe, nghe”.<\/p>\n

L\u00e2u l\u00e2u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

– Th\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u1edf trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

– T\u00e2m \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 nghe th\u1ea5y g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb ni\u1ec7m. \u00d0\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ng\u1ed3i m\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111au nh\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ai l\u1ea5y dao ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafp g\u1eaby l\u00eca v.v…<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: nh\u01b0 b\u1ecd hay ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ng\u1ee9a ng\u00e1y…<\/p>\n

– Ng\u1ed3i l\u00e2u m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, ng\u1ee7 g\u1ee5c…<\/p>\n

– V\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo d\u00f2ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng vui m\u1eebng. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

– B\u1ecf qua kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c, t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, hay nh\u1eefng l\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n…, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u. H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i. “G\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt, g\u1eb7p Ma bi\u1ebft Ma”, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 hung b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng “g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt, g\u1eb7p Ma gi\u1ebft Ma”.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u, b\u00e1m v\u00edu hay xua \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh (v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u), mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng hay quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec5n n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng hay g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 th\u00ec ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m theo n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i. X\u01b0a kia \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kh\u01b0u, khi g\u1eb7p nhau, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 hai vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, hai l\u00e0 gi\u1eef ‘s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng’…”. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi th\u00ec th\u00f4i. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Trong khi t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c (s\u1eafc), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (danh) th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra li\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft t\u00e2m ng\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

1) ng\u1ee7 g\u1ee5c hay ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ed3i, th\u00e2n tuy c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

2) m\u01a1 m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng m\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh h\u1eb3n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 h\u1eb3n, th\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec, qu\u00ean ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, ni\u1ec7m ” ph\u1ed3ng x\u1eb9p “, ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m….. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e2u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u00e2m ng\u01b0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi sau sanh ra l\u00e0m s\u00fac sanh…)<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00ean \u0111i vi\u1ec7c ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecbnh hay Ch\u1ec9 (Samatha). H\u01a1n 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n, sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c, r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u1eeb hai ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 cho t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u1ea1c. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm Th\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed7 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n Tu\u1ec7 hay Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t (Vipassan\u00e0-Bh\u00e0van\u00e0). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n Tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00f2n Thi\u1ec1n \u00d0\u1ecbnh (Samatha) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Sam\u00e0dhi) trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\n————————————————————–
\n06. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 Minh S\u00e1t Tu\u1ec7 (Satipatth\u00e0na-Vipassan\u00e0) bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang theo th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (yath\u00e0bhutam). Tri ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hay suy t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ?
\n————————————————————–
\nPh\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c
\nKinh Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m
\n(Satipatthana Sutta)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, t\u00f4i nghe: M\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Kammassadhamma, m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Kuru. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y”. Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p: “D\u1ea1, th\u01b0a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n”. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y l\u1eafng nghe, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u01b0u kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n?<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

1\/ Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, tinh chuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2\/ Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tinh chuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3\/ Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, tinh chuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

4\/ Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng, ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, gi\u1eef l\u01b0ng ngay th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m. Th\u1edf v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00e0o, th\u1edf ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf ra. Ho\u1eb7c khi th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i’. Khi th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i’. Ho\u1eb7c khi th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn’. Khi th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u00fd th\u1ee9c: ‘T\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn’. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n th\u00e2n’. ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n th\u00e2n’. ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3’. ‘T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3’.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi xoay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o tay \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang xoay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng d\u00e0i; ho\u1eb7c khi xoay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang xoay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i d\u00e0i; khi th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i ng\u1eafn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:’ T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e0n th\u00e2n… T\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3’.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘C\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, khi \u0111i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i; khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng; khi ng\u1ed3i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i; khi n\u1eb1m, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u1eb1m. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘C\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2\u00fd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi \u0111i t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111i lui, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y; khi nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay nh\u00ecn sau…khi c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean…khi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o, mang y b\u00e1t…khi \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, nhai, n\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n…khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n hay ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n…khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i, ng\u1ee7, th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c im l\u1eb7ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, bao b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp da v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0: t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee7y, th\u1eadn, tim, gan, ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1c, l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t, bao t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n, m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddm, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bao t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1o l\u1ee9t, g\u1ea1o h\u1ebbo r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eadu xanh, \u0111\u1eadu ng\u1ef1, m\u00e8, g\u1ea1o tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea7u bao t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft t\u1ed1t, khi m\u1edf bao ra, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ef1ng trong bao: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u1ea1o l\u1ee9t, g\u1ea1o h\u1ebbo r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eadu xanh, \u0111\u1eadu ng\u1ef1, m\u00e8, g\u1ea1o tr\u1eafng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n, bao b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp da v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh: thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee7y, th\u1eadn, tim, gan, ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1c, l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t, bao t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n, m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddm, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: ‘Trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u01b0u nhu\u1eadn, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng’. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 r\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2, ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 m\u00e0 x\u1ebb con b\u00f2 ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: ‘Trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u01b0u nhu\u1eadn, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng’.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i v\u00ed nh\u01b0 khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, b\u1ecb li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u00e3i tha ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, hai ng\u00e0y hay ba ng\u00e0y, s\u00ecnh l\u00ean, th\u00e2m t\u00edm, th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh: ‘Ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t’.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf trong b\u00e3i tha ma, b\u1ecb qu\u1ea1 r\u1ec9a ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u, k\u00ean k\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i r\u1eebng \u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u00f2i b\u1ecd r\u00fac r\u1ec9a, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh: ‘Ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t’.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf trong b\u00e3i tha ma, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00ednh \u00edt th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u00e1u, c\u00f2n n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n nhau nh\u1edd g\u00e2n c\u1ed1t;… ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ecbt nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh ch\u00fat m\u00e1u;… ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fat th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 ch\u00fat m\u00e1u n\u00e0o;… ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n nhau n\u1eefa, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tay, ch\u1ed7 kia l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ed7 kia l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, kia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u1ec7ng b\u1ecf trong b\u00e3i tha ma, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1edb x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng m\u00e0u v\u1ecf \u1ed1c… m\u1ed9t m\u1edb x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m… m\u1ed9t m\u1edb x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c tan th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: ‘Ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c’. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: ‘Ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: ‘Ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c tinh th\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t… m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t… m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tinh th\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t… m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t… m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘C\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. Khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 si m\u00ea, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 si m\u00ea. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 si m\u00ea, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 si m\u00ea. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 thu nhi\u1ebfp… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thu nhi\u1ebfp. Khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111ang t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao nh\u1ea5t… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao nh\u1ea5t. Khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao nh\u1ea5t… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed7i khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t… l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘C\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n che. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

1. Khi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a sanh, nay b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sanh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh \u1ea5y. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 sanh, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2. Khi c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn ch\u01b0a sanh, nay b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sanh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh \u1ea5y. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 sanh, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3. Khi c\u00f3 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7….<\/p>\n

4. Khi c\u00f3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an….<\/p>\n

5. Khi c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd….<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m:’C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n che.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: ‘\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u1ef1c (h\u00e0nh), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn l\u1ef1c. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean do m\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a sanh nay \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tai v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh,… \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u0169i v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng,… \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u1ebfm,… \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m,… \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng…<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

1. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m; khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a sanh nay \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh nay \u0111ang th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n

2. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p…<\/p>\n

3. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

4. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hoan h\u1ef7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hoan h\u1ef7…<\/p>\n

5. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khinh an, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khinh an…<\/p>\n

6. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh…<\/p>\n

7. Khi c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng… qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’. Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’. Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’. Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi l\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: ‘C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y’ \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean trong b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed (1) ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n d\u01b0 b\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (2). N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m n\u0103m, b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, ba n\u0103m, hai n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean trong b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, n\u0103m th\u00e1ng, b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng, ba th\u00e1ng, hai th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed…<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n d\u01b0 b\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: ‘C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m’. \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i xong, ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng hoan h\u1ef7 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n.
\n(2) Qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 ba, B\u1ea5t Lai (A Na H\u00e0m).<\/p>\n

-[H\u1ebft]-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau http:\/\/tuvien.com\/thien_nguyen_thuy\/show.php?get=1&id=trisieu-thientuniemxu-00 M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c V\u00e0i l\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 01 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh 02 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":42,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2456","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2456"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2458,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2456\/revisions\/2458"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}