{"id":2350,"date":"2012-04-01T20:40:36","date_gmt":"2012-04-01T20:40:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2350"},"modified":"2014-06-20T12:35:48","modified_gmt":"2014-06-20T12:35:48","slug":"ph%e1%ba%adt-h%e1%bb%8dc-c%e1%ba%a5p-ii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2350","title":{"rendered":"PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC C\u1ea4P II"},"content":{"rendered":"

PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC C\u1ea4P II<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n(BUDDHISM KEY STAGE II)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>
\nNGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT – S\u00c1CH D\u00c0NH CHO THI\u1ebeU NHI<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nNgu\u1ed3n d\u1ecbch: S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Anh Qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nNguy\u00ean t\u00e1c : Jing Yin W. Y. Ho<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i – Ph\u00e1p danh: \u0110\u1ed3ng An<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>CONTENTS<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong>\u00a0Introduction<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT\u00a0<\/span>THE BUDDHA\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n1. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0The birth of the prince\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n2. Tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Childhood of the prince\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n3. Th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong>Youth and education of the prince\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n4. B\u1ed1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn<\/strong>\u00a0The four sights\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n5. S\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/strong>\u00a0Renunciation\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n6. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/strong>\u00a0The quest\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n7. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/strong>\u00a0Enlightenment<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n8. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo<\/strong>\u00a0Chief monks\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n9. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef3 kheo ni\u00a0<\/strong>Chief nuns\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n10. Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang\u00a0<\/strong>Outstanding Lay Followers\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n11. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>\u00a0The Buddha\u2019s Last Days\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u00c1P THE –\u00a0<\/span>DHARMA<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n1. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t: S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe First Noble Truth: Suffering (Dukkha)\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n2. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Hai: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Second Noble Truth: The cause of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n3. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Ba: Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Third Noble Truth: The end of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n4. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 T\u01b0: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Fourth Noble Truth: Path leading to the end of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0102NG \u0110O\u00c0N –\u00a0<\/span>THE SANGHA\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nN\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam b\u1ea3o\u00a0<\/strong>The Threefold Refuge<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nN\u0103m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/strong>\u00a0The Five Moral Precepts\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nBi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/strong>Symbols in Buddhism<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nC\u01b0 s\u0129\u00a0<\/strong>The Laity\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nL\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0<\/strong>Buddhist Festivals\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\n\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/strong>Buddhism in the World\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG C\u00c2U CHUY\u1ec6N V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT –\u00a0<\/span>THE BUDDHIST STORIES<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKi Sa Gau Ta Mi Kisa Gautami\u00a0<\/strong>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t \u2014 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au The First Noble Truth \u2014 Suffering (Dukkha)\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nC\u00e1i b\u1eaby kh\u1ec9 The Monkey Trap\u00a0<\/strong>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Hai \u2014 Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au The Second Noble Truth \u2014 The cause of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef3 kheo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac A Happy Monk<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Ba\u2014 Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au The Third Noble Truth \u2014 The end of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nC\u00e1i b\u00e8 Raft\u00a0<\/strong>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 \u2014 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nThe Fourth Noble Truth \u2014 Path leading to the end of suffering\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nNg\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n b\u00e0u tr\u1eddi You Cannot Dirty the Sky<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nN\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang \u2014 Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nRight Speech \u2014 Avoid using harsh words in speech\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nCon chim c\u00fat d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m The Brave Quail<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t\u00a0 \u2014 Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh The First Precept \u2014 No killing\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nTh\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn Habit of Committing Adultery<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 Ba \u2014 Kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1eeba b\u00e3i The Third Precept \u2014 No sexual misconduct\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nCon ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 con voi A Fly and an Elephant<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 N\u0103m\u00a0 \u2014 Tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ma t\u00fay The Fifth Precept \u2014 Avoiding intoxicant drinks and drugs\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 vi ph\u1ea1m N\u0103m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt A Layman who Violates the Five Precepts<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nS\u1ef1 tuan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt The importance of keeping to the precepts\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span>
\nCon voi\u00a0 Na La Gi Ri The Elephant Nalagiri<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nY\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng – l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi Loving-Kindness\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

L\u00fac thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu nhi h\u00f4m nay. C\u00e1c ch\u00e1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ch\u00e0u b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t. T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ch\u00e1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00ea t\u00edn. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y\u00a0 khoan dung v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2009<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: H\u00f2ang Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1p danh \u0110\u1ed3ng An<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

We know that as a child, the Buddha was troubled by some of the same thoughts as children have today. Children wonder why they get sick. They wonder why their grandfather died. They wonder why some people are poor, while others are rich. They wonder why their wishes do not come true.\u00a0 Children also wonder at the beauty and happiness of life.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Because the Buddha knew what was in the hearts of children and mankind, he showed us how to live a happy and peaceful life. Buddhism is not about learning strange beliefs from faraway lands. It is about looking at and thinking about our own lives. It shows us how to understand ourselves and how to cope with our problems. Buddhism is not based on superstition. It teaches us to rely on our own efforts if we want to better ourselves. The Buddha taught tolerance of other faiths and compassion to all living creatures.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Preface<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Buddhism Key Stage 2 is the second publication in our series of Buddhist textbooks, and is devised for pupils between the ages of seven and eleven. This edition is produced under the guidelines stipulated in the syllabus prescribed in the UK by the revised National Curriculum of 1994.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The subjects covered in this book are an extension of the theme on the Triple Gem presented in Buddhism Key Stage 1, with the contents augmented to include additional information on the life of the Buddha, his teachings, the development of Buddhism and its characteristics as a religion.\u00a0 Although Buddhist thoughts are formally introduced at this Key Stage, their meaning is confined to an elementary level and explained in the context of everyday experience of pupils in this age group. The brief Introduction is intended to bring into context the spirit behind what the pupils are about to learn, and the selection of Buddhist stories to illustrate the Dharma and Precepts covered in the main contents. As both Pali and Sanskrit words appear in the text, a list of their equivalents is provided at the end of the book for easy reference.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhism Key Stage 2 is accompanied by a Teacher\u2019s Guide which lists instructional objectives, vocabulary and essential points of the text in each Unit. There is also supplementary information and guidance on approach to provide a more effective teaching-learning situation. As it is believed that pupils of this age group are more likely to benefit in the learning process through active participation, activities and discussion topics are suggested in the hope of making these lessons on Buddhism more interesting and mentally stimulating.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nWe look forward to receiving feedback from both teachers and pupils on this edition with a view of improving the material in the next.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

President<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nThe Buddhist Education Foundation (UK)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/a>1 S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n


\nC\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea7u\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u00e0\u00a0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, cai qu\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khu mua b\u00e1n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 tu\u1ea5n t\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ki\u1ec1u di\u1ec5m \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1eef trang l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111i xe ng\u1ef1a, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1ee1i voi v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111i b\u1ed9. Tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111ang t\u1eafm d\u1ecdc 2 b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh n\u1eafng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u hoa, mu\u00f4n th\u00fa v\u00e0 ao h\u1ed3 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111ang tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 vua.\u00a0<\/strong>(H\u00ecnh b\u00ean:\u00a0<\/strong>Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0<\/em><\/span>The Central Ganges Plain in Northern India)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

The Buddha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n1. The birth of the prince\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

A long time ago, at the foot of the Himalayan Mountains,\u00a0 there was a small kingdom called Kapilavatthu. Here, the righteous and mighty King Suddhodana ruled over the Sakya clan. His capital city was a delightful place, where a mass of joyful people with handsome features and flashing eyes crowded the squares and market places. Young girls walked gracefully along the streets, wearing their sparkling jewellery. All kinds of people travelled along the roads \u2014 noblemen in chariots, merchants on elephants and peasants on foot. Children played in the gleaming river and holy men and villagers bathed along its shores. The city was decorated with large gardens filled with beautiful flowers, peacocks and cool ponds. Brave warriors on horseback guarded the kingdom.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n
\nNh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ma Da, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau qu\u00fd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 Vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 con. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n, Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con voi tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u ng\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cHo\u00e0ng h\u1eadu s\u1ebd sinh h\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c song to\u00e0n<\/em>\u201d. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng khi nghe tin ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu s\u1ebd sanh h\u1ea1 th\u00e1i t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The dream of Queen Maya\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe king had a beautiful wife named Maya, who was kind and loved by everyone. The king and queen were very happy, except for one thing. They did not have any children.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

On a full-moon night, Queen Maya dreamed of a big white elephant with six tusks. The wise men predicted, \u201cYou will give birth to a wonderful child.<\/em>\u201d Everyone in the kingdom celebrated when they heard that a child was to be born to their queen.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sanh h\u1ea1 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n
\nHo\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb sanh n\u1edf theo phong t\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u00e0 vua ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, trang tr\u00ed hoa v\u00e0 b\u0103ng r\u00f4n d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu n\u00f3i, “Ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u00eam nay trong v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y sum s\u00ea kia<\/em>\u201d. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng N\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa trong v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u1edf r\u1ed9, t\u1ecfa m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng con chim l\u00edu lo vang l\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng con b\u01b0\u1edbm d\u1eadp d\u00ecu d\u1ecdc l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lui d\u1ea7n, M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng v\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7c \u0111ang cao d\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y Sa La. Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u1edbi tay h\u00e1i b\u00f4ng hoa. Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 trai kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh h\u1ea1 t\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e9 trai ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i l\u00f2a v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4, tu\u1ea5n t\u00fa, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p. B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng vui m\u1eebng l\u00fac th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh h\u1ea1. Nh\u1eefng con h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n th\u00fa trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn th\u00e1i t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n sinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ta.\u00a0<\/em>R\u1ed3i th\u00e1i t\u1eed m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. Hoa sen n\u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n khi th\u1ea3i t\u1eed \u0111i qua.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 vua nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u201c\u00a0Ta r\u1ea5t vui s\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi ta\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The birth in Lumbini Park\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nQueen Maya returned to her parents\u2019 home to give birth as that was the custom in India. The king had the roads along the way cleaned and decorated with flowers and bright silk banners fluttering in the warm breeze from the hills.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When the royal party came to Lumbini Park, the queen said, \u201cWe shall stop and rest for the night in this grove of beautiful trees<\/em>.\u201d It was the month of May. The flowers in the park were in full bloom, scenting the air with a sweet smell. Birds chirped their lovely songs and butterflies darted along the path where the queen and her attendants walked. The daylight began to fade and a silvery full moon rose above the treetops.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Queen Maya stopped under a sala-tree. She reached up to a branch to pluck a flower. As she did, a shining baby boy was born from her. His body shone with a dazzling light and he was perfect in every way. A soft rain fell and the night air was filled with heavenly music. Showers of perfumed petals rained down. Everyone was delighted at the birth.\u00a0 The deer and other animals in the park, sensing something special, came and looked in wonder at the prince.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

To everyone\u2019s amazement, the baby prince spoke a verse,\u00a0\u201cI am the highest in the world. I am the foremost in the world. This is my last birth.<\/em>\u201d Then he smiled and took seven steps\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

in each of the four directions. Lotuses sprang open under his feet as he walked.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAfterwards, the royal party returned to the palace. When the king saw his son, he said,\u00a0\u201cI am filled with great joy. Let everyone in the world rejoice.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ti\u00ean\u00a0 do\u00e1n c\u1ee7a A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 A T\u01b0 \u00d0\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng, ngu\u1eddi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o quang t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 sinh th\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng\u00a0 n\u00fai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00e1o cho\u00a0 nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a\u00a0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed thi\u00ean t\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0Xin ch\u00fac m\u1eebng nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e3 sinh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi<\/em>\u201d, A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ebb vui m\u1eebng. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u1edf d\u00e0i, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua lo s\u1ee3 h\u1ecfi, \u201cLi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may v\u1edbi ch\u00e1u b\u00e9?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201cTh\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1u b\u00e9. Ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f3c b\u1edfi\u00a0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec di\u1ec7u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/em>\u00a0V\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec th\u00eam \u00f4ng lui v\u1ec1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ee9c vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n khi nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00e1u b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Asita\u2019s prediction\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn the distant mountains lived Asita, a wise man who could see into the future. One day he saw a bright glow all around the palace and knew that a mighty prince had been born.\u00a0 He came down from the mountain and went to the palace. The proud and happy king showed him his amazing son.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cRejoice, O King and Queen, a very special child has been born to you!<\/em>\u201d Asita said joyfully. Then he went into deep thought. Suddenly he began to shed tears.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The king was troubled. He asked, \u201cWill some misfortune befall the Prince ?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Asita answered,\u00a0\u201cI foresee no harm to the child. He is born to bring happiness to the world. He will be a great leader among men. I shed tears of joy that he has been born in our land. Many wonderful things will happen. I shed tears of sad-ness because I shall soon die and not be able to honour him or learn from him. He will go forth in the world and become a Buddha<\/em>.\u201d The holy man said no more, he went back to his cave in the snow-capped mountains. The king and the queen were very upset when they heard this.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The baby was given the name Siddhartha, which means \u201ca wish fulfilled\u201d, and his family name was Gautama.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>2. Tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sau khi sanh, Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da qua \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 k\u1ebf t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u00d0\u1ec1. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y t\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 vua tham gia l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea5y c\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ebd c\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng cho m\u00f9a gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 vua d\u1eabn th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 c\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em reo h\u00f2 khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0y v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0 nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u1ecb quan l\u1ea1i c\u00e0y v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc c\u00e0y b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd tham gia nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0y g\u1ed7. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u00fac nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i t\u00faa ra t\u1eeb tr\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd h\u00f2 h\u00e9t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con tr\u00e2u \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng kia.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u con qu\u1ea1 \u0111en l\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00f2ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eeba c\u00e0y xong. \u201cQu\u1ea1!, qu\u1ea1!<\/em>\u201d ch\u00fang k\u00eau l\u00ean trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00e2m b\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafp nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc m\u1ecf s\u1eafc b\u00e9n. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed k\u00e9o tay cha v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0\u00a0Sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ng\u0103n ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua c\u01b0\u1eddi vang, \u201c\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed b\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. Khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 vua nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i t\u1eed ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, nh\u00e0 vua nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0. Nh\u00e0 vua ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7m, li\u1ec7u l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang sinh, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Con thi\u00ean nga b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n
\nM\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111ang \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong r\u1eebng, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con thi\u00ean nga. Nhanh nh\u01b0 tia s\u00e1ng, D\u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a r\u00fat cung t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i con thi\u00ean nga, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c lao \u0111\u1ebfn con thi\u00ean nga b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f4i m\u0169i t\u00ean ra. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u00f4m thi\u00ean nga v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1. De Va Dat Ta la l\u00ean gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u201c\u00a0Tr\u1ea3 con thi\u00ean nga cho em, em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn n\u00f3, n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 em\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, \u201cTa s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd giao thi\u00ean nga cho em, v\u00ec em s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft n\u00f3!\u201d<\/em>. H\u1ecd tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 con thi\u00ean nga, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb,\u201d\u00a0H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quan \u1edf t\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan t\u00f2a c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quan t\u00f2a n\u00f3i,\u201dCon thi\u00ean nga thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/em>\u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Quan t\u00f2a kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i t\u1eed.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t quan t\u00f2a n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady n\u00f3i, “S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u n\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Con thi\u00ean nga thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i t\u1eed.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thi\u00ean nga c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u00ean nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea3 n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do trong r\u1eebng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con thi\u00ean nga kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00e1i t\u1eed,\u201c\u00a0M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, ta s\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebft tay\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Childhood of the prince\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Within seven days after the birth of her baby, Queen Maya died. The Prince was brought up under the loving care of his stepmother, Pajapati. He grew up to be a happy child, thinking of her as his mother.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Rose-Apple tree\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIt was an ancient Indian tradition that every spring, the king took part in the Ploughing Festival with his subjects.\u00a0 The king would plough the first row in the fields for the spring planting.\u00a0 That year, the king took the prince to the Ploughing Festival. Everyone was happy to see them. The men and boys shouted with joy as the king\u2019s golden plough cut into the earth. Next, the royal ministers ploughed a row with their silver ploughs, and then the peasants took over the rest of the ploughing with their wooden ploughs. There were one thousand ploughs in all. As the peasants worked, sweat poured from their brows. They yelled and whipped the panting oxen that struggled to pull the heavy ploughs.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Suddenly, the sky was filled with black crows circling over the freshly ploughed fields. \u201cCaw! Caw!<\/em>\u201d they cried as they swooped down and plucked worms out of the earth with their sharp beaks. The prince tugged at his father\u2019s arm, \u201cCan\u2019t anyone stop them?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The king laughed heartily, \u201cIt is only natural!<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The prince wandered off and sat under the shade\u00a0 of a rose-apple tree, meditating. He concentrated on his breath. His breath was like a bridge between his body and mind. When he concentrated on his breath for a while, his body became relaxed and his mind became quiet and peaceful.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When his father saw the prince sitting in meditation, he remembered Asita\u2019s words. He wondered whether the prince\u2019s kind, gentle and thoughtful nature would one day lead him to give up the world after all.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The wounded swan\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOne day when the prince and his cousin Devadatta were walking in the woods, they saw a swan. As quick as a flash, Devadatta drew his bow and shot the swan down. The prince rushed to the wounded swan and pulled out the arrow. He held the bird in his arms and stroked it. Devadatta shouted angrily at the prince, \u201cGive me the swan! I shot it!\u00a0 It belongs to me!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI shall never give it to you. You will only kill it!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0said the prince firmly. They argued over the swan for some time, until Siddhartha made a suggestion. \u201cLet\u2019s ask the ministers of the court and let them decide.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The ministers all had different views. Some said, \u201cThe swan should be given to Devadatta.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Others said,\u00a0\u201cIt should go to the prince.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

At last one minister who was especially wise stood up and said, \u201c\u00a0life belongs to the one who saved it, not to oneA who will destroy it. The swan goes to the prince.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The prince took care of the swan until it could fly again. Then he turned it loose so it could live freely with its own kind.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Devadatta was not happy. He shook his fist at his cousin, \u201cOne day, I will get even with you!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>3. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0110i h\u1ecdc\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKhi T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u00ean 8 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng khi bi\u1ebft th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed d\u1eady s\u1edbm, r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3i t\u00f3c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00f3n ch\u00e2n cho cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a h\u0103m h\u1edf mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y th\u00e2n m\u1eadt n\u00f3i,\u201cTh\u1ea7y t\u00ean\u00a0 l\u00e0 T\u1ef3 Xa M\u1eadt \u0110a La. Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1eb7p Kan Tha Ka\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, nh\u00e0 vua gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, \u201c\u00a0T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, cha c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd d\u00e0nh cho con. Con h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn ra ng\u00f2ai c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/em>\u201d T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a v\u1ed7 tay vui th\u00edch, khi nh\u00ecn ra ng\u00f2ai c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1, th\u1ea5y\u00a0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0\u1ed2, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n cha! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi.<\/em>\u201d Th\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ea7u, con ng\u1ef1a s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o S\u1eb1n \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0103n v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u201c\u00a0Con s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi con ng\u1ef1a n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kan Tha Ka<\/em>.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, Kan Tha Ka \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng cho T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian sau khi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa v\u00e0o t\u1eadn r\u1eebng s\u00e2u. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o T\u1ef3 Xa M\u1eadt \u0110a La d\u1ea1y cho T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00fang. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u01b0\u1ee1i con Kan Tha Ka r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y nhanh nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNh\u00e0 vua tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u1ef3 Xa M\u1eadt \u0110a La, \u201c\u00a0Con trai ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim qu\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu. Ta mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngai v\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y d\u1ea1y cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecdc b\u1eafn cung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 g\u1eady v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed lu\u00f4n \u0111am m\u00ea th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd khoe khoan s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed ch\u01a1i nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau nh\u01b0ng T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tham gia. H\u1ecd ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u01b0a v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua,\u201dT\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh gi\u1ecfi.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng con voi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o S\u1eb1n \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 t\u00e2u v\u1edbi vua,\u201d\u00a0Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed can \u0111\u1ea3m, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Khi \u0111i h\u1ecdc, th\u00e1i t\u1eed coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nL\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0. Nh\u00e0 vua quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1i t\u1eed nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng vui, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng hoa l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a cung \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m\u00a0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u00e0 vua n\u00f3i v\u1edbi H\u00f2ang h\u1eadu Ba X\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1,\u201c\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd x\u00e2y ba cung \u0111i\u1ec7n cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 th\u01a1m, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea5m c\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch, d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, nh\u00e0 vua ra l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 thi\u00ean nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1 b\u01a1i tung t\u0103ng v\u00e0 hoa sen n\u1edf r\u1ed9. Nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u \u201c\u00a0D\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng trong v\u01b0\u1eddn<\/em>.\u201d Nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1i t\u1eed nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb, kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ca\u00a0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111au \u1ed1m.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vua ra l\u1ec7nh x\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng quanh cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u1ec7nh cho l\u00ednh canh, \u201c\u00a0T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f2i kh\u1ecfi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ta.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Youth and education of the prince\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Going to school\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSiddhartha was now eight years old. He was happy because this was his first day of school. He got up early and scrubbed his face very clean and neatly combed his hair. He heard footsteps down the hall. He stood up on his toes so he would look taller and smiled from ear to ear. He was ready to meet his teacher. The wisest teacher in the kingdom had been chosen and Siddhartha was eager to learn many things. He had his long writing stick and slate ready.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A gentle man with sparkling eyes entered the room.\u00a0 He spoke in a kind voice, \u201cMy name is Visvamitra. I shall teach you about the sun, moon and stars in the heavens. We shall gather rocks and learn the signs for rain. You will learn to copy the calls of animals and learn how they live. I shall teach you to write verses about the seasons and much more.\u00a0 You will also learn good manners.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Meeting Kanthaka\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOne day the king came into the classroom, \u201cSiddhartha, I have a surprise for you. Look out the window<\/em>.\u201d Siddhartha clapped his hands with joy, for there, poking its head through the window, was a snow-white horse.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh, thank you! What a wonderful present!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0At first the horse was afraid so Visvamitra taught Siddhartha how to feed it and stroke its head.\u00a0\u201cI shall call you Kanthaka<\/em>.\u201d Soon Kanthaka was encouraging Siddhartha to run and play with him.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhartha studied harder than ever now so that he would have time after his lessons to ride with his teacher.\u00a0 They would ride quietly through the forests and follow animal tracks high into the foothills. Often they would come across animals that were hungry or hurt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Visvamitra taught Siddhartha how to take care of them. He learnt to ride Kanthaka very well. They leapt across wide rivers and raced like the wind.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Training as a warrior\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe king shook his head and said to Visvamitra, \u201cMy son is too kind-hearted. I want him to become a fearless warrior so he can defend the kingdom. It is time for him to learn to fight.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe prince learnt to shoot arrows and drive chariots.\u00a0 He was taught how to use swords and clubs and how to wrestle. All this training made him strong. He was always a good sport and never boasted of his strength as the other young princes did. His playmates played fighting games, but Siddhartha never joined them. They jeered at him for being a coward and told the king, \u201cSiddhartha is not a good fighter.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Elephants were used in war at that time so the prince learnt the art of riding them. He treated them kindly, unlike other princes who were cruel to them.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOne day Visvamitra spoke to the king, \u201cI\u00a0have taught Siddhartha all that he needs to know to become a future king. He is brave and strong, yet gentle. He is wise and treats everyone fairly. As a student, he has been considerate towards his classmates and has never failed to pay due respect to his teacher.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The three palaces\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSiddhartha\u2019s kind and thoughtful nature greatly disturbed the king, who often thought about the prediction of Asita.\u00a0 He decided to make absolutely certain that his son did not see any sign of unhappiness that would one day make him give up his royal pleasures. The king did everything he could to make his son happy. He told Queen Pajapati, \u201cI shall have three royal palaces built for the prince. The first will be built from perfumed wood. It will be warm in the winter season. The second will be built of cool marble, to be used dur-ing summer The third will be of brick, for the rainy season.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

To make life even more pleasant, the king created beautiful parks with lovely pools where swans and fish swam and lotus flowers bloomed. He told the servants, \u201cClear away all the old flowers and dead leaves in the garden.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0He did not want the Prince to see anything ugly.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

All the servants in the palaces were young, healthy and beautiful. Royal entertainers had been ordered to sing and dance all day. They were never to appear tired or unhappy.\u00a0 No one was allowed to talk about pain or suffering.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The king ordered walls to be built around the palaces.\u00a0 He instructed the guards, \u201cSiddhartha is not to leave without my consent!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>4. B\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n


\nV\u00e0o l\u00fac 16 tu\u1ed5i, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u1eadp gia \u0111inh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Da Du \u00d0a La. C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng gia g\u1ea7n 13 n\u0103m sau khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ng\u00f2ai cung th\u00e0nh. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. S\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, th\u00e1i t\u1eed mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi nghe tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 vua ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1,\u201c\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda d\u1ecdc hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u00e0 trang ho\u00e0ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ea7m th\u01a1m v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0 khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chan Na\u00a0<\/strong>(Xa N\u1eb7c<\/em>),\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111i ra ng\u00f2ai cung \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda Nam. Khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i t\u1eed y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd r\u1ea3i hoa v\u00e0 tung h\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u00e3 vui m\u1eebng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u201dLo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f3c tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u01b0ng g\u00f9 v\u1eady?<\/em>\u201d\u00a0M\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta lim dim, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta run l\u1ea9y b\u1ea9y. \u00d4ng ta b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00ea nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1i g\u1eady. \u201cTh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta\u00a0 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay \u00f4ng ta lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho ta nghe, Chan Na.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chan Na tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt,\u201d\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed. Xin \u0111\u1eebng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u1eabn kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng h\u1ecfi Chan Na.\u201d\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i \u00f4ng \u1ea5y? hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y, Chan Na ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi,\u201d\u00a0Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0M\u1ed9t khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, t\u00f3c s\u1ebd \u0111en v\u00e0 r\u0103ng tr\u1eafng. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i \u0111i, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00e0 nua. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u00e1i t\u1eed gi\u1eadt b\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3c th\u00e1i t\u1eed d\u1ef1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed run v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nh\u01b0 con th\u00fa ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u,\u201c\u00a0L\u00e0m sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng khi tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3?<\/em>\u2019 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe,\u201c\u00a0Nhanh quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn ta, l\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui v\u1edbi n\u00fai r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em>. V\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh th\u00e1i t\u1eed, Chan Na \u0111\u00e1nh xe nhanh nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nT\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed suy ngh\u0129 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ef1oc s\u1ef1 thanh th\u1ea3n trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Da Du \u0110a La,\u201d\u00a0khi nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ta. Ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111i th\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng vui, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a v\u00e0 Chan Na \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh xe \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed cai tr\u1ecb. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed thanh th\u1ea3n quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1 s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng nguy nga c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u1ea5y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111ang n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00ean la v\u00e0 c\u00fai g\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111au. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng, \u201c\u00a0\u00a0Chan Na, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u00f4ng ta! \u00d4ng ta b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng ta n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Chan Na?\u201d V\u1ee3 ta v\u00e0 cha ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chan Na tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201d M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb \u1ed1m. B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt x\u00e3y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au x\u00f3t trong tim,\u201c\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>.\u201d R\u1ed3i th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0o xe ng\u1ef1a, ra l\u1ec7nh Chan Na quanh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nT\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng tr\u0129u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng trong l\u00f2ng. Khi th\u1ea5y con trai bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 vua cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc. Trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecfi Chan Na,\u201d\u00a0C\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eefa.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a h\u1ecfi,\u201d\u00a0Ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Con trai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\u00a0 n\u00e0y?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C<\/em>han Na tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201c\u00a0V\u00e2ng, m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t, th\u1edf d\u00e0i,\u201d\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh y\u00ean.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111i ch\u01a1i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. L\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.\u201d\u00a0Th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, xin th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Tr\u1ebb em\u00a0 m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00e1o r\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ang r\u00ean la tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang ch\u1edd c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft hiu qu\u1ea1nh. Trong khi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi,\u201c\u00a0\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng g\u00ec khi s\u1ed1ng? Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh. Ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u0103m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 Chan Na c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a \u0111i qua c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. H\u1ecd \u0111i ngang qua v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi.\u00a0 Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u1ecfi,\u201d\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai?<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chan Na gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u00e1i t\u1eed,\u201d\u00a0\u00d4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng ta b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u00d4ng ta theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ecnh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta. \u00d4ng ta hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201c\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tu s\u0129\u00a0 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ta<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u1eeb cung \u0111i\u1ec7n “C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa v\u1eeba sinh h\u1ea1 con trai cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed!<\/em>\u201d T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi nghe c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa sinh h\u1ea1 con trai, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai la Ra Hu La.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. The four sights\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

At the age of sixteen, Prince Siddhartha married a beautiful young princess called Yasodhara. She loved and cared for him. He continued to live a princely life for nearly thirteen years after his marriage. He was protected from all the problems of life outside the palace gates. He had all the comforts that a prince of his day could desire. They lived in a world where there was nothing but happiness and laughter. One day, however, he wished to discover the world outside his palace.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When the king knew about this, he gave an order to the people in the city, \u201cHave the houses along the road to the city cleaned and decorated. Make the roads sweet with incense and have the people dressed in colourful clothing.\u00a0 Make certain that all the beggars, the old and the sick stay indoors until the prince has left.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Old age\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe prince\u2019s faithful charioteer, Channa, drove him out through the South Gate. When the faithful crowds saw their beloved prince, they threw flowers on the road and bowed in admiration. Siddhartha was delighted to see them so happy.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAt that moment, an old man appeared at the side of the road. The prince was surprised to see an old man. He asked his charioteer, \u201cWhat kind of person is this with white hair and bent back? His eyes are dim, his body wobbles. He leans on a cane and walks feebly. Has his body changed or has he always been like this? Tell me, Channa.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Channa dared not answer truthfully, \u201cThis has nothing to do with you. Please don\u2019t trouble yourself about it.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The prince kept questioning Channa. \u201cIs he the only one to whom this has happened? Or are we all to become like this?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Then Channa spoke the truth, \u201cIt is so, my Lord. Once he was young and strong with black hair and fine teeth. As time goes by, our bodies will age too. It happens to everybody.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hearing these words, the prince shivered. His hair stood on end. He trembled with fear, as does a shocked animal fleeing from a bolt of lightning. He shook his head, \u201cHow can people find delight in the pleasures of the world when old age brings it all to ruin?<\/em>\u201d The prince told the charioteer, \u201cQuickly turn the chariot around and go back. Knowing that old age will call for me, how can I enjoy these gardens and groves?\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Obeying his command, Channa drove as fast as the wind and quickly returned to the palace.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sickness<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSiddhartha could not forget the sight of the old man. He thought about him day and night and could find no peace in his heart. He spoke his thoughts only to Yasodhara, \u201cWhen I saw the old man, all the wonderful things of the city seemed to fade away. The beauty and laughter in the palace is no longer real to me. I want to visit the city again to see life as it really is, to see how the common people go about their daily lives.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The king could not bear to see his son unhappy so he gave his consent for another visit. Siddhartha and Channa disguised themselves as noblemen and drove out through the East Gate into the city. For the first time, the prince saw how people lived in his kingdom. He walked happily among the blacksmiths and potters at their work. He talked to the rich merchants in their splendid shops and to the bakers selling bread. Suddenly, the prince saw a sick man who was lying on the ground, moaning and grabbing his stomach. The prince ran to him and rested the sick man\u2019s head on his lap. \u201cChanna, what\u2019s wrong with this man?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cLord, do not touch this man! He is sick with the plague. Put him down or you will catch it yourself.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIs this the only man that is sick? Are others sick like this, Channa? Will my wife and father also fall ill?\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cYes, my Lord. This is how things are in the world,\u201d said Channa. \u201cEveryone in the world gets sick sometimes. It can happen anytime.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hearing this, the prince felt great pity in his heart, \u201cThe thief of sickness can come at any time. Yet everyone seems so happy and delighted.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Then he got into the chariot and had Channa turn around to go home.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Death<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSiddhartha returned to the palace with a heavy feeling of despair in his heart. When the king saw his son in such misery, he sent him to visit a park outside the North Gate.\u00a0 This time Siddhartha saw a dead body. Since Siddhartha had never seen a dead person, he asked Channa, \u201cWhat is wrong with that man?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cO Lord, he is dead. He does not feel anything.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhartha asked, \u201cWill I, the son of the king, die like this man?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cYes, every living thing must die. No one can avoid death.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhartha was shocked. He sighed, \u201cPeople all know that they will die, yet they go through life as if nothing will ever happen to them.\u201d He ordered the charioteer to turn back home. \u201cThis is no time for a pleasure ride. Life can end at any time. How can I just think of enjoying myself ?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

At the palace, Siddhartha mulled over what he had seen. \u201cIt is frightening to know that everyone will die one day and no one can avoid it.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The holy man\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSiddhartha now knew how the people outside the palace lived. Beggars lined the streets, begging for food. Hungry children dressed in rags roamed the streets. The old, sick and poor people waited for a lonely death. At the same time, the rich lived in fine houses without caring about how the poor lived.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhartha asked himself, \u201cWhat hope is there for these people? Even the rich will suffer from old age, sickness and death. Everyone born into this world will suffer. Their suffering begins right at birth. I must find a way to help them.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

On their last visit outside the palace, the prince and Channa rode their horses out through the West Gate. They passed by a holy man in ragged robes. Seeing how quiet and peaceful he was, the prince asked, \u201cWho is that?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Channa explained to him, \u201cHe is a wandering holy man. He has left his home and left behind fame and riches. He leads a simple life and is at peace with himself. He hopes to find the truth and overcome the suffering that troubles the world.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddhartha smiled. \u201cI shall become like him.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Suddenly, a messenger from the palace caught up with them and shouted, \u201c\u00a0son has been born to the prince!<\/em>\u201dA Siddhartha was happy about his son, but now it would be harder for him to fulfill his wish to become a wandering holy man. He named his son Rahula.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>5. Xu\u1ea5t gia\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

R\u1eddi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nVua n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a,\u201d\u00a0Ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac con ph\u1ea3i thay ta.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a n\u00f3i, \u201c\u00a0Th\u01b0a cha, con r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu vua cha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a cho con ba \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u1ed1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft. n\u1ebfu cha kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u00e3y cho con l\u00e0m theo \u00fd con.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee9a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cam l\u00f2ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho l\u00ednh \u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y canh c\u1ed5ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1i t\u1eed b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Ra Hu La \u0111ang ng\u1ee7. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed mu\u1ed1n\u00a0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng Da Du \u0110a La s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u1edf l\u1ea1i. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed r\u1eddi ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3 con m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khuya, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a v\u00e0 Cha Na c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean con Kan Tha Ka l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, l\u00ednh canh cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang say ng\u1ee7. Kan Tha Ka nh\u1ea3y qua c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh, mang theo th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 Chan Na tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng. Ra kh\u1ecfi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSu\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam. L\u00fac b\u00ecnh minh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. Sau khi Kan Tha Ka nh\u1ea3y qua s\u00f4ng, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 an t\u00f2an \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1eebng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ng\u01a1i.\u00a0<\/em>T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u1eaft l\u1ecdn t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n h\u00f2ang t\u1ed9c, c\u1ea3i trang th\u00e0nh\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i s\u0103n th\u00fa. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea7m l\u1ecdn t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt trang s\u1ee9c ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u01b0a cho Chan Na v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Kan Tha Ka\u00a0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y cho nh\u00e0 vua. N\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua r\u1eb1ng, ta l\u00e0m \u0111ang l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/em>L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a 29 tu\u1ed5i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft, Gau Ta Ma.\u00a0<\/span>(C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 vua nghe tin con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 vua sai c\u00e1c l\u00ednh canh, \u201c\u00a0\u0110i t\u00ecm v\u00e0 mang th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u1ec1 cho ta\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0 Gau Ta Ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00ednh canh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111i t\u00ecm. Khi th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i t\u1eed, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7u xin, \u201c\u00a0Xin th\u00e1i t\u1eed h\u00e3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gau Ta Ma t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0Sau khi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u00a0 kh\u1ed5\u00a0 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/em>\u201d Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed, n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5. Renunciation\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Leaving the palace\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe king said to Siddhartha, \u201cI am growing old and am no\u00a0 longer able to rule the kingdom alone. It is time for you to rule.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 Siddhartha said, \u201cI shall gladly do so if you can promise me three things \u2014 that I would never become old, that I would never get sick, and that I would never die. If you cannot fulfill these wishes, then let me go<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 The king knew that he could not make such promises.\u00a0 Still he could not bear to part with his son. \u201cGuard the gates day and night so the prince cannot escape,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0he ordered the guards. But this did not make the prince change his mind about seeking the truth.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One night, Siddhartha quietly entered the chamber where Yasodhara and Rahula were sleeping. He wanted to have one last look at his wife and son. He did not wake them up for fear that Yasodhara would try to persuade him to stay. With great sadness, he left the room. His decision to leave the palace did not mean that he did not love his wife and son; it meant that his love for the beings in the world was greater. In the still of night, Siddhartha and Channa quietly slipped away from the palace, riding Kanthaka. The palace guards had fallen asleep. Kanthaka jumped over the city wall, carrying Siddhartha and Channa on his back. Once out of the city, Siddhartha stopped for a last look at Kapilavatthu, the place he had spent so many happy years, now bathed in moonlight. His decision had been made.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A wandering holy man\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAll night, they travelled south. At dawn, they came to the banks of a river. Kanthaka crossed it in one leap. Once across, Siddhartha said, \u201cWe\u2019re safe here. Let us stop and rest.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Siddhartha took his sword and cut off his princely locks. Then he exchanged his royal clothes for the garment of a hunter who was passing by. He handed his hair and royal ornaments to Channa saying, \u201cReturn to the palace with Kanthaka and give these to the king. Tell him that what I am doing is for the benefit of all beings.<\/em>\u201d Siddhartha was twenty-nine years old. From then on he was known as the sage, Gautama.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When the king heard the news of his son becoming a sage, he said to his guards, \u201cGo and bring the prince back<\/em>.\u201d Gautama had been wandering from one place to another, so it took the guards a while to find him. When they saw him, they begged, \u201cPlease return to the palace.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gautama refused. \u201cOnly after I have realized the truth and found the way to help end suffering of the world shall I return.<\/em>\u201d Five of the men remained with him.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>6. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

T\u00ecm th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n
\nGau Ta Ma \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Alara Kama v\u00e0 Uddaka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady Gau Ta Ma \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf h\u1ecd. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i theo h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y Uddaka r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi\u00a0 th\u1ea7y Alara.\u00a0 Gau Ta Ma s\u1edbm h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng Gau Ta Ma kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Gau Ta Ma t\u1ef1 nh\u0169 , \u201c\u00a0T\u1ef1 ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/em>\u00a0\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nC\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, Gau Ta Ma\u00a0 \u0111i v\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng U Ru Ve La. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129\u00a0 tu theo l\u1ed1i\u00a0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gai. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0103n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gau Ta Ma t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng g\u1ea7n b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng gai. Ng\u00e0i \u0103n\u00a0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u1ea1t v\u1eebng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u00fac, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1edbp da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng con chim l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Gau Ta Ma ng\u1ed3i t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m xua \u0111\u01b0\u1ed5i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111ang bay quanh ng\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6. The quest\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Searching for teachers\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nGautama wandered along the Ganges River looking for spiritual teachers. Alara Kalama and Uddaka were considered to be the best teachers in meditation at that time so Gautama went to study with them. First he studied under Uddaka, then under Alara Kalama. Very soon he had learnt all they had to teach, but he had not learnt to end suffering.\u00a0 He said to himself, \u201cI must find the truth on my own.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Six years of hardship\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWith his five companions, Gautama went to a forest near the village of Uruvela. Here, several holy men were living in extreme poverty and tormenting themselves with severe exercises. They believed that if they put their bodies through torment they would understand the truth. Some slept on beds of nails. Some stood on their heads. They all ate so little they were just skin and bones. Gautama found a quiet spot on the banks of a nearby river. There he practised the most severe hardship. He slept on a bed of thorns. He ate only one grain of wheat and one sesame seed a day. At times, he would eat nothing at all. His body wasted away until there was only a layer of thin skin covering his bones.\u00a0 Birds made nests in his matted hair and layers of dust covered his dried-up body. Gautama sat completely still, not even brushing away insects.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>7. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam khuya, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111i ngang n\u01a1i Gua Ta Ma \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba h\u00e1t, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0n lu\u00fdt ( m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ). Gua Ta Ma ngh\u0129, \u201c\u00a0Khi s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng vang xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n k\u00e9o c\u0103ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. Khi d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00f9ng, \u00e2m thanh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t hay. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n qu\u00e1 ch\u00f9ng. Ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ta c\u0103ng l\u00ean. D\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta. Ta \u0111ang l\u00ean d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nhung l\u1ee5a ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu.\u00a0<\/em>V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Su Ja Ta\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, khi \u0111ang t\u1eafm \u1edf d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, Gau Ta Ma \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i b\u1ecb ng\u1ea5t x\u1ec9u v\u00e0 t\u00e9 ng\u00e3. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb t\u00ean l\u00e0 Su Ja Ta, s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 mang cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t h\u0169 g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eefa,\u201c\u00a0Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y \u0103n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i,\u201c\u00a0N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh,<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gau Ta Ma c\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201c\u00a0N\u1ebfu c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2ng th\u1eefc \u0103n cho ta, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/em>Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n, ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u0103n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, l\u00e1nh xa ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i. \u201c\u00a0Gau Ta Ma \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gau Ta Ma nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u00fac thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y t\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. \u201c\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ta gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 .\u201d<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, th\u00e2n th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u gian kh\u1ed5\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, Gau Ta Ma t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i tu h\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y cao to, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eaft c\u1ecf \u0111i ngang qua v\u00e0 cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u00fai c\u1ecf l\u1edbn. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0i \u0111i quanh c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i quay m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gau Ta Ma kh\u1ea5n nguy\u1ec7n,\u201c\u00a0N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec d\u00f9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt ta c\u00f3 tan n\u00e1t, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y<\/em>.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 trong 49 ng\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1\u00a0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u00e1c ma v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ma Ra, c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ma Ra l\u00e0m m\u01b0a, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Gau Ta Ma kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ma Ra c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lung lay Gau Ta Ma\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u00edch k\u1ef7. Ma Ra sai nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p ra nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a. Ch\u00fang hy v\u1ecdng, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Gau Ta Ma v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd ch\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ma Ra \u0111\u00e3 sai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ma qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef t\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef l\u00e0m T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a kinh s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n. L\u00fac v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con qu\u1ef9 d\u1eef t\u1ee3n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cong xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Qu\u1ef7 n\u00e9m nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c than v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi h\u00e0o quang t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i. Ma Ra th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ma qu\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 che ch\u1edf ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ef7.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 tham lam, \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKhi Ma Ra \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Gau Ta Ma l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m nao n\u00fang ng\u00e0i. Ma Ra h\u1ecfi Gau Ta Ma,\u201c\u00a0Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ai s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho ng\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, Gau Ta Ma ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, tay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m tay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0Ta\u00a0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n khi Gau Ta Ma n\u00f3i. Ma Ra s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u0111i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng th\u00e1ng N\u0103m s\u00e1ng v\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7c, Gau Ta Ma t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u00ec\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0o l\u00fac sao Mai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ec3t Gau Ta Ma n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, si. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng h\u00e0o quang ch\u00f3i ch\u1ecdi. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a hoa th\u01a1m l\u1eebng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i 35 tu\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201c\u00a0Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, c\u00fai ch\u00e0o c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e3 che ch\u1edf cho ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y\u00a0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

7. Enlightenment\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

The song of the lute\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOne evening, a group of young girls on their way home passed by Gautama who was sitting in meditation. They were playing the lute, a musical instrument, and singing. He thought, \u201cWhen the string of the lute is loose, its sound won\u2019t carry. When the string is too tight, it breaks. When the strings are neither too loose nor too tight, the music is beautiful. A loose string means a life of pleasure. A tight string means a life of self torture. I\u2019m pulling my strings too tightly. I cannot find the Way of Truth living a life of luxury or with my body so weak.<\/em>\u201d Thus, he decide to give up self-torture.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sujata\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSoon after, while bathing in the river, Gautama was so weak that he fainted and fell. Sujata, a young village girl who lived by the river, saw him and brought him a bowl of rice and milk. \u201cEat this,<\/em>\u201d she said. \u201cIt will give you strength<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gautama smiled, \u201cIf you had not given me food, I would have died without finding the true way to happiness.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0After the meal, he immediately felt stronger and continued his meditation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When his five companions saw him eat, they were disgusted and said, \u201cGautama has gone back to an easy life<\/em>.\u201d With that, they left him.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gautama remembered meditating under the rose-apple tree when he was a child. \u201cI shall meditate as I did before. Perhaps that is the way to become enlightened.<\/em>\u201d From then on he began to eat daily. Once again, his golden skin glowed with health.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The long struggle\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nStill seeking a way to understand the truth of life, Gautama set out for Buddhagaya (near Gaya in modern Bihar). Near a grove, he found a huge tree. A young grass cutter walked by and offered him a bundle of grass. He made a seat of the grass at the foot of the Bodhi tree. Then he walked around the tree three times and sat down facing east.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Silently Gautama vowed,\u00a0\u201cEven if my flesh and blood were to dry up, leaving only skin and bones, I will not leave this place until I find a way to end all sorrow.<\/em>\u201d He sat under the Bodhi tree for forty-nine days. He was determined to discover the source of all pain and suffering in the world.\u00a0 Mara, the evil one, tried to scare him into giving up his quest. First Mara sent rain, hail and wind that lasted for days. Gautama was not moved.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Next, Mara tried to lure Gautama into having selfish thoughts. He sent visions of his very beautiful daughters who danced and sang before Siddhartha. They were hop-ing to remind him of the pleasures of palace life and entice him to return. Gautama was not moved.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When this did not work, Mara sent his fierce demon armies. The sight of them turned Siddhartha\u2019s blood and cracked his bones. Still he did not move. As the demons\u2019 weapons got close to Siddhartha, they turned into soft pet-als that floated to the ground. The demons threw bolts of lightning and flaming rocks at his silent figure, but they were deflected by a shield of light. Mara urged his armies on, but the Buddha\u2019s goodness protected him from all their attacks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Victory at last\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nDuring this struggle that happened in his mind, Gautama was able to see things as they truly were. Now he had finally found the answer to suffering: \u201cThe cause of suffering is greed, selfishness and stupidity. If people get rid of these, they will be happy.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mara visited Gautama one last time, still trying to confuse him. He asked Gautama, \u201cHow can you prove that you are worthy to become an enlightened one? What art your virtuous deeds? Who is your witness?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Calmly the seated Gautama touched the earth with his right hand. The Earth thundered, \u201cI am his witness!<\/em>\u201d Defeated, Mara fled.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

During a full-moon night in May, Gautama went into deep meditation. As the morning star appeared in the eastern sky, he became an enlightened one, a Buddha.\u00a0 He was no longer Siddhartha Gautama the prince. He looked the same, yet one could see about him the signs of a Perfect One. His body glowed with golden light and emitted the colours of the rainbow. The heavens rained down perfumed blossoms and the earth trembled.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

He was thirty-five years old. From now on he would be known as the Buddha, the Enlightened One. He realized that all beings could do what he had done. He exclaimed, \u201cHow wonderful! All beings can become Buddhas.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Under the Bodhi Tree\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Buddha remained in deep meditation below the tree because he was free at last. Then he stood up and gazed at the tree in gratitude, to thank it for having given him shelter. From then on the tree was known as the Bodhi tree, the tree of Enlightenment.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>8. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

N\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00e1nh ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n Be Na Res. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m do Su Ja Ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, khi th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i, \u201c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea5y, Gua Ta Ma \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0o quang chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng quanh ng\u00e0i. V\u1ebb uy nghi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 h\u1ed3 h\u1edfi khi g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ch\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c x\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho ng\u00e0i. R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd,\u201c\u00a0Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra. \u0110\u1eebng g\u1ecdi ta l\u00e0 Gua Ta Ma n\u1eefa. Ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/em>\u00a0H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 khi \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00e1nh ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin ng\u00e0i tha th\u1ee9. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, \u201c\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham lam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham lam s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3. Tham lam l\u00e0m h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i .<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecd xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng,\u201d\u00a0H\u00e3y l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/em>\u201d H\u1ecd c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u1eabm. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nS\u1ef1 m\u1edf mang t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi cho Da X\u00e1 ( yasa), con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n g\u1ea1o s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Va Ra Na Si. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Sau khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf ( B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd ), Da X\u00e1\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c sau m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Da X\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u201c\u00a0Th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111i theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Da X\u00e1 theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd qu\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 xin Ng\u00e0i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 kheo. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean 60 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi 60 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb a la h\u00e1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua tham, s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang sinh. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed,\u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gieo r\u1eafc l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi cho ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed hay chia nhau \u0111i kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. H\u00e3y truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho ch\u00fang sinh.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i 60 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp s\u1ef1. Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u00ecn gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ca Di\u1ebfp ( Kassapa )\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKhi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0 ( Rajagaha ). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng xe v\u1edbi ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, l\u00e0 anh em ru\u1ed9t. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u00f2i ng\u00e0y ven r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1edd th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ca Di\u1ebfp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00fai t\u00f3c l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac h\u1ecd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u201c\u00a0Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham lam, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n thanh th\u1ea3n, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0y<\/em>. Nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ba anh em Ca Di\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft t\u00f3c v\u00e0\u00a0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sariputta v\u00e0\u00a0 Moggallana ( X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb1m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00edch ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean g\u1eb7p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd e ng\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7t d\u00f9 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch chung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i c\u00f9ng nhau. H\u1ecd ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a, ch\u1ea1y trong b\u00e3i c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong r\u1eebng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nghe nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean v\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng\u00a0khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, khi X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p A X\u00e0 Ch\u00ed ( Assaji ) m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. A X\u00e0 Ch\u00ed uy nghi, t\u00f4n qu\u00fd v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u xin A X\u00e0 Ch\u00ed,\u201c\u00a0Ai l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i? Xin ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/em>\u00a0Sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a A X\u00e0 Ch\u00ed, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p. Sau khi nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

8. Chief monks\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

The first five monks\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Buddha then went searching for the five companions who had abandoned him. He found them in the Deer Park near Benares. They thought the Buddha had given up the quest for Enlightenment when he accepted Sujata\u2019s offering of food. Therefore, when they saw him coming towards them now, they said, \u201cHere comes Gautama. Let\u2019s not talk to him.<\/em>\u201d However, as the Buddha came near, a radi-ant light shone around him. His presence was so impressive that the five holy men forgot what they had agreed upon.\u00a0 All of them got up to meet him. One took his bowl while another prepared a seat for him. A basin of water was fetched for him to wash his feet. Then the Buddha told them,\u00a0\u201cI have attained enlightenment and have come to tell you what I have found. Don\u2019t call me Gautama anymore. I am now the Buddha.<\/em>\u201d They felt sorry that they left him and begged his forgiveness. Then they listened to the Buddha speak his first teachings. He said, \u201c\u00a0All suffering and pain, fear All and hatred come from greed. One who has no greed has no worries. What has he to fear?<\/em>\u201d As he spoke, they began to understand.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

After they had fully understood the teachings, they asked the Buddha to ordain them. The Buddha agreed and ordained them by saying, \u201cCome monks! Lead a religious life to make a complete end to suffering.<\/em>\u201d They shaved their heads and put on dark yellow robes. Thus, the Sangha was formed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The first sixty monks\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe expansion of the Sangha began with the ordination of Yasa, the son of a rice merchant who lived in Varanasi. He led a life of luxury, but found it boring and meaningless.\u00a0 After hearing the Four Noble Truths from the Buddha, it was like being awakened from a dream. He realized that life is about suffering and that beauty and enjoyment do not last. Yasa decided to stay with the Buddha and become his disciple. He asked, \u201cO Lord, may I be ordained?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In reply the Buddha said, \u201cCome monk. Lead the holy life.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Fifty-four of Yasa\u2019s friends followed his example and they sought out the Buddha. They too were impressed by his teachings and asked to be accepted as monks. The Sangha then numbered sixty members in all.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When the first sixty disciples had become Arhats, that is, people who have overcome desire, ill will and ignorance, the Buddha decided that it was time for them to go out and spread his teachings to the world. He said to them, \u201cGo forth to teach out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare and happiness of people. Let not two of you go the same way. Spread the truth to all people.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The sixty disciples were instructed to go to sixty dif-ferent places to spread his teachings. They brought to the Buddha many people who wished to be admitted into the Sangha. During that period, everyone had to be ordained by the Buddha himself. Thinking that such an arrangement would be inconvenient for his disciples, he made a rule that allowed all monks to ordain new comers or novices. This rule is still followed by Buddhist monks today.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kassapa<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhen road conditions were suitable for travel, the Buddha went to Rajagaha. On the way, he stayed with three holy men who were brothers. They lived in huts at the edge of a grove and practised the ancient religion of fire worship-ping. Their leader, Kassapa, had one thousand followers.\u00a0 They wore their hair in matted locks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Since they worshipped fire, the Buddha spoke to them about fire. \u201cThe real fires in life are greed, hatred and stupidity. If you want peace, you must put out these fires.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0The three Kassapa brothers and their one thousand disciples cut off their tousled locks and became monks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sariputta and Moggallana\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nMoggallana was a quiet child and liked to play alone until he met Sariputta, who was quite the opposite. Sariputta was never shy and talked to everyone. In spite of their dif-ferences, they were good friends and always found things they liked to do together. They played games, ran in the meadows, and took long walks in the woods.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Moggallana often joined Sariputta in the town square where they listened to many religious teachers talk about their ideas. They vowed, \u201cWhen we grow up, we will search for the truth. Whoever finds it first will share it with the other.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One day when Sariputta was already a grown man, he happened to see Assaji, one of the first five monks, walk-ing in the city. Assaji was calm and dignified, and his face glowed with happiness. Sariputta asked him, \u201cWho is your teacher? Will you take me and my friend to him?<\/em>\u201d He ran to get his friend, Moggallana, and together they went to hear the Buddha teach. They also decided to become monks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Since then, thousands of people have joined the Sangha and led a holy life. They in turn have taught mil-lions of people how to live wisely and happily.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>9. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef3 kheo ni\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Ba X\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 ( Ba X\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 )\u00a0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo ni\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 khi nghe tin r\u1eb1ng cha c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng. Sau khi cha ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi, Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ba X\u00e0 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u201c\u00a0C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u201c\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/em>L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u00a0 V\u1ec7 X\u00e1 ( Vesali ).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ba X\u00e0 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed v\u00ec l\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. B\u00e0 ta c\u1eaft t\u00f3c, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ec7 X\u00e1. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd b\u1ecb s\u01b0ng l\u00ean \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, Ba X\u00e0 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 n\u00f3i\u00a0 v\u1edbi A Nan \u0110\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,\u201c\u00a0Xin\u00a0 ng\u00e0i th\u01b0a v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo ni.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Nan \u0110\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 quy\u1ec3t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xin quy y. A Nan \u0110\u00e0 th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,\u201c\u00a0Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi,\u201c\u00a0A Nan \u0110\u00e0, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y b\u00e1o v\u1edbi Ba X\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111o\u00e0n ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi cho h\u1ecd.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ba X\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 , Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo ni. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy\u00a0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ka Se Ma\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nVi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La \u1edf Ma Ga \u0110\u00e0 Ha, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0\u00a0 c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. Vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, \u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y di v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/em>\u201d Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0Thi\u1ebfp th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/em>\u201d Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e1p,\u201cN\u1ebfu v\u1eady, ta s\u1ebd mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng v\u1ec1 cho ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu<\/em>.\u201d V\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vua l\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng, n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u1edf. Th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc cho ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu tr\u1edf n\u00ean vui th\u00edch. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu xin vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La \u0111\u01b0a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00fai\u00a0 r\u1eebng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y hoa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u0111ang qu\u1ea1t cho ng\u00e0i\u201c\u00a0Ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!<\/em>\u201d Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu th\u1ed1t l\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac Vi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy\u00a0 \u0111ang ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u xinh \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u00e0 nua, da nh\u0103n nheo v\u00e0 t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c. B\u00e0 ta gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e0 ta l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, Vi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, thu\u01a1ng x\u00f3t cho Vi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy\u00a0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0S\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i. \u01afa chu\u1ed9ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 con nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng t\u01a1 quanh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3. Con nh\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi \u0110\u1ec1 Hy hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 ta \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef tu s\u0129 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ka Se Ma.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

9. Chief nuns\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Pajapati became a nun\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn the fifth year after his Enlightenment, the Buddha returned to Kapilavattu with his disciples when he heard that his father was seriously ill. After his father passed away, Queen Pajapati told the Buddha, \u201cYasodhara, my ladies-in-waiting and I wish to become nuns.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

At first the Buddha refused and explained, \u201cThe life we lead is far too harsh for women. The Buddha\u2019s teachings can be followed anywhere. It is not necessary to leave the comfort of your home and family.<\/em>\u201d After that, the Buddha went to Vesali.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

However, Pajapati was not discouraged by the Buddha\u2019s comment. She cut her hair, put on a yellow robe and accompanied by Yasodhara and other Sakyan women, walked to Vesali. The long journey caused their feet to swell.\u00a0 Looking weary and with their clothes covered in dust, they finally arrived at the monastery where the Buddha was preaching. In tears, Pajapati spoke to Ananda, a personal attendant of the Buddha, \u201cPlease ask the Buddha to let us become nuns.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

It was Ananda who saw their determination to join the Order. He asked the Buddha, \u201cCan women lead a holy life and become Arhats if they become nuns?<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Buddha answered, \u201cYes Ananda, they can even in this very life. Tell Pajapati and the others that I will accept them into the Order.<\/em>\u201d This was how Pajapati, Yasodhara, and their companions became the first nuns. Thus, the Order of Nuns was formed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaidehi became Ksema\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nVaidehi, the queen of King Bimbisara of Magadha, was a beauty, and she admired beautiful things. The king often urged her, \u201cCome with me to meet the Buddha.<\/em>\u201d The queen would say, \u201cI prefer the beautiful surroundings of the palace.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIn that case, I will bring the beauty of the forest to you,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0replied the king. And he did just that. He had poets compose poems about the loveliness and peacefulness of the forest where the Buddha was staying. The poems were sung at the palace to entertain the queen. The poems touched her heart and she became enchanted by them. One day she asked King Bimbisara to take her to the forest to see its beauty. There, sitting under a flowering tree, was the Buddha. A maiden even more beautiful than the queen was fanning him. \u201cI have never seen anyone so beautiful!<\/em>\u201d exclaimed the queen as she moved nearer to get a closer look.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

As Vaidehi was gazing at her, the beautiful maiden began to turn into an ugly old woman with wrinkled skin and grey hair. She grew older and older, weaker and weaker until she sank to the ground and died. Although this was only a vision, Vaidehi hid her face in horror. The Buddha pitied her and said, \u201cBeauty does not last. Those attached to beauty are like a spider entangled in its own web \u2014 the spider has no way out. Not being attached is true freedom.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaidehi understood, and gave up her desire for beauty.\u00a0 She followed the Buddha and became a nun by the name of Ksema.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>10. Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Cha c\u1ee7a Da X\u00e1 \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm Da X\u00e1 sau khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Da X\u00e1 \u0111ang tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u1eafng nghe v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0 quy y v\u1ec1\u00a0 Tam B\u1ea3o noi theo Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a cha Da X\u00e1, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Da X\u00e1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a cha m\u00ecnh. Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p cho m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Da X\u00e1 nghe. B\u00e0 ta qu\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i theo Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u1ede Sa Va Thi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Su Dat Ta sinh s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ed5i ti\u1ec3ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng ta n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111ang bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf Ra Ja, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c d\u1eady s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ra \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ngang qua m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac tr\u1eddi r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u1edf. \u00d4ng ta qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i vui m\u1eebng l\u1ec5 s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0Con mong mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thanh th\u1ea3n.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201c\u00a0\u0110\u00fang r\u1ed3i, ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh th\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u danh l\u1ee3i, ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Khi v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ta v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ta r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0 s\u0129. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u1edf Sa Va Thi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Sa Va Thi, C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tu h\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng ta ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 ( Jeta) cai qu\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tu vi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n khu r\u1eebng cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng. Khi C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c, v\u1eabn kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng mu\u1ed1n mua khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed, th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mua b\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed ngh\u0129 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed s\u1ebd b\u00e1n khu r\u1eebng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i k\u00edn h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi Th\u00e1i t\u1eed ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sai ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1ea7u mang v\u00e0ng ra tr\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng khu r\u1eebng. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm b\u1edfi c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t b\u1edfi C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c, “\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta. Ta s\u1ebd\u00a0 bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ta cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed, khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1eebng K\u00ec Th\u1ecd, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tu h\u00e0nh. Sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi Sa Kha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nVi Sa Kha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Khi Vi Sa Kha l\u00ean b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00ecnh c\u1edd vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m n\u01a1i b\u00e0 ta sinh ra, T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Vi Sa Kha lu\u00f4n hoan h\u1ec9 nghe theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, b\u00e2 \u1ea5y k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf Sa Vat Thi. B\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni khi h\u1ecd \u0111i ngang qua nh\u00e0. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u00eat y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, b\u00e0 \u1ea5y t\u00ecnh c\u1edd mang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u0169 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tu vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, b\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o n\u00f3 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 trao n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u gi\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh \u0111\u00e1nh r\u01a1i c\u00e1i m\u0169. An Na \u0110\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u An Na \u0110\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho b\u00e0 \u1ea5y. Khi Vi Sa Kha bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef9 cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e0 ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do b\u00e1n chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u1ee7a Sa Vat Thi. Tu vi\u1ec7n b\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi Sa Kha n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

10. Outstanding Lay Followers\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Yasa\u2019s father had been searching for Yasa after he had left home and entered the Sangha. Eventually, he came upon the Buddha who explained Dharma to him. He listened with growing enthusiasm and became the first lay follower to take the Threefold Refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. At the invitation of Yasa\u2019s father, the Buddha and Yasa went for a meal at his house. The Buddha talked about Dharma after the meal and Yasa\u2019s mother was also listening.\u00a0 She was so impressed that she took the Threefold Refuge and became the Buddha\u2019s first woman lay follower.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Anathapindika\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn Savatthi, there lived a very wealthy merchant by the name of Sudatta. Generous in nature, he often gave food and shelter to orphans, the old and the poor. Hence, he was popularly known as Anathapindika, which means \u201cgiver of alms to the unprotected.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

While Anathapindika was doing some business in Rajagaha, he heard about the Buddha. So eager was Anathapindika to meet the Buddha that he got up and set off to see him in the middle of the night. On the way, he had to walk through a cemetery but he continued his journey in spite of his fear. By daybreak, he reached the park where the Buddha was. He was so glad to see the Buddha that he at once prostrated himself before him and said, \u201cI hope the Buddha is living at ease.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cYes, always at ease he lives. Untouched by desire, he has entered the ideal state of Nirvana. While being free from all attachments, he has removed all suffering. In his mind, he is calm.<\/em>\u201d the Buddha replied.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

After hearing the Buddha\u2019s words, Anathapindika took the Threefold Refuge and became a lay follower. He invited the Buddha to a meal and requested him to visit his home-town of Savatthi. The Buddha accepted this invitation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Back in Savatthi, Anathapindika went around looking for a suitable place for the Buddha to stay. He spotted a grove belonging to Prince Jeta, which seemed ideal for a monastery. However, Prince Jeta was reluctant to sell the grove even for the high price of a hundred thousand pieces of gold. When Anathapindika persisted in asking the price of the grove, the prince decided to discourage him. He imposed a condition of sale which he thought Anathapindika would find impossible to satisfy. Prince Jeta declared that he would sell the grove for the amount of gold pieces needed to cover every inch of it.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taking the prince\u2019s words in earnest, Anathapindika immediately instructed his men to bring the gold pieces and lay them on the ground of the grove. Except for the space occupied by the trees, the whole grove was soon completely covered. Prince Jeta was struck by Anatha-pindika\u2019s determination to fulfill his condition on the sale.\u00a0 When he came to know that the grove was being bought for the Buddha, he said to Anathapindika, \u201cThe land is yours but the trees are mine. I give away the trees as my share of the offering to the Buddha.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In honour of the prince, the grove was known as the Jeta Grove. There, Anathapindika built a monastery for the use of the Buddha and his disciples. This was later known as Anathapindika Monastery.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Visakha<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nVisakha was declared by the Buddha to be foremost among those who had devoted their services to the Order. When she was seven years old, the Buddha happened to visit the place of her birth. Since then, she was always happy to hear the teachings of the Buddha.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When she grew up, she married the son of a wealthy man in Savatthi. She offered daily alms to the monks and nuns when they came to her house. In the morning and afternoon, she visited the monastery to care for the needs of the monks and nuns, as well as listen to the sermons of the Buddha.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One day, she happened to visit the monastery wear-ing a very costly headdress. Out of respect for the Buddha, she removed it before seeing him and handed it over to a servant, who forgot to take it with him. Ananda found it and showed it to the Buddha who asked him to keep it for her. When Visakha came to know that it was with Ananda, she decided not to take it back but to sell it for the benefit of the Order. The Buddha asked her to build a monastery in the eastern part of Savatthi with the money from the sale.\u00a0 The monastery she built became very famous.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Visakha was outstanding among the women lay fol-lowers. Being a devout lay follower, she played an important role in the affairs of the Order of Nuns, and from time to time, she was asked by the Buddha to sort out disputes among the nuns.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>11. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trong 45 n\u0103m. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i mang l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 80 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tu\u1ed5i cao, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i,\u201dTa c\u00f2n \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, Ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean.<\/em>\u201d Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111i ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. D\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hoan h\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thu\u1ea7n \u00d0\u00e0 m\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1o n\u1ea5m r\u01a1m. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u1ed1m sau b\u1eefa \u0103n, nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u1eddi\u00a0 th\u00e0nh C\u00e2u Thi Na. A Nan \u0110\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ed1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt an \u1ee7i A Nan \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i,\u201d\u00a0\u0110\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 sinh th\u00ec c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. Trong 3 th\u00e1ng ta s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. H\u00e3y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed g\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u00eca A Nan \u0110\u00e0 xin l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, \u201c\u00a0Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang con?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng, A Nan \u0110\u00e0?<\/em>\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i:\u201c Ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c con nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ta gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0 theo ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y Sa La g\u1ea7n C\u00e2u Thi Na, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n n\u00f3i,\u201c\u00a0Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa A Nan \u0110\u00e0, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01a1i ngh\u0129 ng\u01a1i cho ta \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y Sa La l\u1edbn.<\/em>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Hai c\u00e2y Sa La t\u1ecfa b\u00f3ng tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng hoa quanh ng\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNghe tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00fac ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m trong \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ea1ng v\u1ea1ng khi khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra \u0111i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u201cV\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ta s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng xung quanh ng\u00e0i kh\u00f3c than. Theo phong t\u1ee5c, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u00eau. Sau khi thi\u00eau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tro t\u00e0n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n di h\u00e0i s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc ( X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt ). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 8 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p th\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 543 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00fac 80 tu\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y sang qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim n\u00e0y sang tr\u00e1i tim kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

11. The Buddha\u2019s Last Days\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

The Buddha had taught the truth for forty-five years. His every action had been for the sake of others. Now he was eighty years old. Despite his age, he prepared to make one last journey. He said, \u201cI have little time to live. I wish to return to my homeland where I grew up.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0He and his disciples travelled slowly, resting often. Along the way, many people came to see him and to ask for advice. The Buddha was happy to teach anybody whocame to him. They all listened and bowed respectfully.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Buddha spoke of his death\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOn the journey, the Buddha was offered a meal of mushrooms by Chunda, a blacksmith. He became ill after the meal, but insisted on continuing as far as Kusinagara.\u00a0 Ananda, his faithful attendant, wept to see the Buddha so ill. The Buddha comforted him saying, \u201cDo not grieve, Ananda.\u00a0 I am old and feeble and cannot live forever. It is natural for everything that is born to die. In three months I shall pass into final Nirvana, a state of ultimate peace and happiness. Call all the monks and nuns together.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The disciples wept and begged their teacher to remain in the world. With tears in his eyes, Ananda asked, \u201cWhen the Buddha is no longer in the world, who is there to teach us?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat more is there to teach, Ananda?<\/em>\u201d the Buddha asked. \u201cI have taught you all I know. There is nothing that I have kept hidden. My teachings are your teacher now. Follow them and you will be true to me.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In a sala grove near Kusinagara, the Buddha humbly said, \u201cI can go no further Ananda, prepare a resting place for me between these two large sala trees.<\/em>\u201d He lay down on his right side with his head to the north. The two sala trees bloomed out of season and rained their blossoms all around him.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Last respects<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nHearing that the Buddha was dying, people came from afar to pay their last visit. Even as he lay there in pain, he continued to teach until his last moment.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

At dusk when the grove was cast in purple shadows, the Buddha entered into final Nirvana. Before departing, he spoke his last words.\u00a0\u201cEverything is subject to change.\u00a0 Remember to practise the teachings earnestly.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

All his disciples and villagers gathered around him and wept. According to custom, his body was placed on a pyre and burned. Shining, jewel-like relics were found in the ashes. They were divided into eight parts and placed in monuments called stupas.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Buddha passed away in 543 BCE at the age of eighty. Since then, his teachings of compassion and wisdom have been passed on from generation to generation, from country to country, and from heart to heart, right down to the present day.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>PH\u00c1P\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u1eady n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m :\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u1ed1m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i b\u00e1c s\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh g\u00ec. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. R\u1ed3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 k\u00ea toa thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfe l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o B\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u1ef9 gi\u1ecfi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nC\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nS\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nC\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>1. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nKh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t trong B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra xung quanh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y. Khi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u00e0ng cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nghe th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, l\u00e0m h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft mang nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc sinh n\u1edf c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a sanh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i \u0111au v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo l\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu. Th\u1eadt ra, anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u0111au c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c thay m\u1eb9 minh. C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 trai b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt thay cho \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 ngu\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau trong l\u00fac c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1eadn k\u1ec1.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau xa c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef khi cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111i ch\u01a1i qu\u00e1 khuya ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn cho nh\u1eefng \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n th\u1eddi trang \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Ngay c\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c danh ti\u1ebfng theo tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTh\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. \u0110\u00f4i khi, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n g\u00e2y ra. Khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>2. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Hai:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 tham lam v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef n\u00f3 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00f2ng tham l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng ham mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em khi d\u00f9ng s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la \u0111\u00e3 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng xin th\u00eam. Khi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111au b\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111au r\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n th\u00eam.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNh\u1eefng\u00a0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>3. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 3\u00a0<\/strong>
\nK\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, c\u00e1c ham mu\u1ed1n \u00edch k\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng cho th\u00eam nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n \u00edch k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Khi ham mu\u1ed1n \u00edch k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh th\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>4.Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u cao qu\u00fd\u00a0 ( B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ) sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c tham lam ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh lu\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd thi r\u1edbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, n\u00f3i huy\u00ean thuy\u00ean, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u sau l\u01b0ng, n\u00f3i \u00e1m ch\u1ec9, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3\u00a0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i,\u00a0\u00a0N\u00f3i l\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng hoa v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 r\u00e1c ru\u1edfi<\/em>. \u201d B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf sinh nhai \u0111\u00fang<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn: h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ma t\u00fay, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u201c Kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1edfi l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fan<\/span>g c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n chu \u0111\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0Suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef cho t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nL\u00e0m theo T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u cao qu\u00fd ( B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m theo n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

THE DHARMA\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Dharma means the teaching of the Buddha. What is the basis of the Buddha\u2019s teaching? It is the Four Noble Truths. They are:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. The Truth of Suffering (Dukkha)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n2. The Truth of the Cause of Suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n3. The Truth of the End of Suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n4. The Truth of the Path leading to the End of Suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When we get sick, we go to a doctor. A good doctor first finds out what illness we have. Next he finds out what has caused it. Then he decides what the cure is. Finally, he prescribes the medicine that will make us well again. In the same way, the Buddha showed that there is suffering in the world. He explained the cause of this suffering. He taught that this suffering could be ended. Finally, he showed the way leading to the end of suffering. This is the Four Noble Truths. Look at Table 1 to see the connection between a good doctor and the Buddha.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTable 1\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nA Good Doctor tells us :<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhat is wrong with us\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhat is the cause of our illness\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThat there is a cure\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhat we have to do to get well\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Buddha tells us the truth about :<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe presence of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe cause of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe end of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe way to end suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. The First Noble Truth: Suffering (Dukkha)\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

The Buddha\u2019s discovery of the solution to the problem of suffering began with the recognition that life is suffering.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThis is the first of the Four Noble Truths. If people examine their own experiences or look at the world around them, they will see that life is full of suffering or unhappiness.\u00a0 Suffering may be physical or mental.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Physical suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPhysical suffering takes many forms. People must have observed at one time or another, how their aged relatives suffer. Most of them suffer aches and pains in their joints and many find it hard to move about by themselves. With advancing age, the elderly find life difficult because they cannot see, hear or eat properly. The pain of disease, which strikes young and old alike, can be unbearable. The pain of death brings much suffering. Even the moment of birth gives pain, both to the mother and the child who is born.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The truth is that the suffering of birth, old age, sick-ness and death are unavoidable. Some fortunate people may now be enjoying happy and carefree lives, but it is only a matter of time before they too will experience suf-fering. What is worse, nobody else can share this suffering with the one that suffers. For example, a man may be very concerned that his mother is growing old. Yet he cannot take her place and suffer the pains of aging on her behalf.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAlso, if a boy falls very ill, his mother cannot experience the discomfort of his illness for him. Finally, neither mother nor son can help each other when the moment of death comes.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mental suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nBesides physical suffering, there are also various forms of mental suffering. People feel sad, lonely or depressed when they lose someone they love through separation or death.\u00a0 They become irritated or uncomfortable when they are forced to be in the company of those whom they dislike or those who are unpleasant. People also suffer when they are unable to satisfy their needs and wants. Teenagers, for example, feel frustrated and angry if their parents refuse to let them go to a late-night party or spend large sums of money on expensive fashionable clothing or toys. Adults, on the other hand, may be unhappy if they are unable to gain wealth, power or fame.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Other types of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNatural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods or famine, can cause a lot of suffering to people. People also have to face hardship caused by war and social injustice.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Problems can happen even in the classroom. When you try to study, and yet the room is too noisy or your friends try to disturb you, you may feel unhappy or angry.\u00a0 Sometimes, problems may happen to you personally.\u00a0 When you do not pass an exam, this would make you feel unhappy or disappointed. These problems are unwanted. People try their best to avoid them and to be free from them.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. The Second Noble Truth:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe cause of suffering\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

The cause of suffering is desire based on greed and selfishness. The Buddha saw that the cause of suffering is selfish desire and greed. People want all kinds of things and want to keep them forever. However, greed is endless, like a bottomless pit that can never be filled. The more you want, the more unhappy life is. Thus, our limitless wants and desires are the cause of our suffering. Many children who have had a taste for chocolate will keep asking for more. When they do not get it, they will feel upset or even angry. Although they know that eating too much chocolate may cause them to have a bad stomach or toothache, they still want more. The things we want most can cause us the most suffering.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. The Third Noble Truth:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe end of suffering\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

To end suffering, selfish desire must be removed. Just as a fire dies when no fuel is added, so unhappiness will end when the fuel of selfish desire is removed. When selfish desire is completely removed, there will be no more suffering. Our mind will be in a state of perfect peace. We shall be happy always. Buddhists call the state in which all suffering is ended Nirvana. It is an everlasting state of great joy and peace. It is the greatest happiness in life.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. The Fourth Noble Truth:\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Path leading to the end of suffering The way to end suffering is to follow the \u2018Noble Eightfold Path\u2019:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Right Understanding<\/span>\u00a0means to have a correct understanding of oneself and the world. Although we may have our own view of the world, it may not always be right. If we understand things as they really are, we would be able to live a happier and more meaningful life. For example, students who understand that it is to their own benefit to learn would work hard to learn more and do better. When they do well, everyone will be happy, including their parents and teachers.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Right Thought\u00a0<\/span>means to think in the right way. Those who harbour thoughts of greed and anger will easily get into trouble. But if we think correctly, we would end up doing the right things. For example, if students harbour the right thoughts, they will know that being lazy may make them fail in exams. This would mean spending another year doing the same things. So they would decide to work hard rather than be grumpy about schoolwork.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Right Speech<\/span>\u00a0means to avoid lying, tale telling, gossip-ing, backbiting, idle talk and harsh words. Harsh words can wound more deeply than weapons, while gentle words can change the heart of a hardened criminal.\u00a0 This shows the effect on others in the way we speak. The Buddha said, \u201cPleasant speech is as sweet as honey; truthful speech is beautiful like a flower; and wrong speech is unwholesome like filth.\u201d Therefore, we should speak words that are truthful, meaningful and with good will.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0Right Action<\/span>\u00a0means not to harm or destroy any life, not to steal and not to use sex in a harmful way.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0Right Livelihood\u00a0<\/span>means not to live on work that would in any way bring harm to living beings. Buddhists are discouraged from engaging in the following five kinds of livelihood: trading people, weapons, animals for slaughter, intoxicating drinks and drugs. The Buddha said, \u201cDo not earn your living by harming others. Do not seek happiness by making others unhappy.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0Right Effort\u00a0<\/span>means to do our best to become a better person. Examples of this are to work hard at school and to drop bad habits such as laziness, quick temper, smoking and drugs.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0Right Mindfulness\u00a0<\/span>means to be always aware and attentive. We should always be aware of what we think, say and do. We must concentrate on everything we do before we can do it well. For instance, if we concentrate in class, we would not miss anything the teacher says.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0Right Meditation<\/span>\u00a0means to keep the mind steady and calm in order to see clearly the true nature of things.\u00a0 This type of mental practice can make us become more understanding and a happier person.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Noble Eightfold Path can help us prevent problems or deal with any problems we may come across in our daily life. If we follow it, we are on the way to less suffering and more happiness.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>T\u0103ng gi\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\"\"C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 dao c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang sinh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea1o t\u00f3c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTrong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u1ea1o m\u00e1i t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a\u00a0 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c, cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"C\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm mang theo b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nC\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd\u00a0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u00fap h\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh tham lam. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap\u00a0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1o qu\u1ea7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTheo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni ch\u1ec9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 3 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng. Khi \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u1ee9 l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ea5m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u00c1o cho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd may \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0\u00a0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 v\u00e0i s\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c lanh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u1edf Srilanka v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c Nh\u1eefng \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng may c\u00f4ng phu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c bu\u1ed7i l\u1ec5. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, \u201c Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con chim lu\u00f4n mang tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 bay, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u0169ng mang \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t theo m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o.\u201d H\u1ecd gi\u1eef \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp tu h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0\u00a0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. T\u1eeb s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm, h\u1ecd tham gia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, h\u1ecd\u00a0 gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. T\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0103n bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gwo Cheng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang M\u1ef9 tu h\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y 10 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo ni. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, \u201c L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1eady s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi n\u00f3. T\u00f4i kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngay trong tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.\"\"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo ni. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo ni hay kh\u00f4ng, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee7 20 tu\u1ed5i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1eadp s\u1ef1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ni \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Sau gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c trong ch\u00f9a. T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u01b0\u1eddn. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tu h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vui ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c. V\u00e2ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 vui ch\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 vui th\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f9ng nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng \u0111i b\u1ed9, \u0111i c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. T\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vui th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng l\u1eabn nhau.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Sangha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nBuddhist monks and nuns have left the family life to practise the Buddha\u2019s teachings. They usually own only a few things, such as robes, an alms bowl and a razor to shave their heads. They aim to give up the need for material possessions. They concentrate on their inner development and gain much understanding into the nature of things by leading a pure and simple life.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Shaven head\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhile most people want to have beautiful hair any spend lots of time and money on hairstyles, Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads. They are no longer concerned with outward beauty, but with develop- ing their inner beauty. Monks and nun are easy to recognize with their shaven heads. The time they would have spent on caring for their hair is spent on more important activities like meditating, or chanting.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Alms bowl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOffering food to monks and nuns is a part of Buddhist practice. In Asia, it is not unusual to see monks walk-ing towards the villages early in the morning carrying their alms bowls.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThey go from house to house until someone offers them food.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSince monks and nuns do not choose their food, they learn to be grateful for whatever they are given. This practice helps them not to be greedy. It also gives the laity an opportunity to practise giving. Going out to collect food is less common in some countries so the laity goes to the monastery to make offerings of food.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Clothing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn the beginning, monks and nuns had only three robes.\u00a0 When Buddhism spread to colder countries, like China and Japan, they needed to wear more layers of clothes to keep warm. Their robes are simple and made from cotton or linen. The colour of the robe normally depends on the country and the Buddhist tradition that is followed there. For instance, in Sri Lanka and Thailand, yellow or brown robes are worn mostly, while black is worn in Japan. In China and Korea, grey and brown robes are worn for work. More elaborate robes are used for ceremonies. Dark red robes are worn in Tibet. Robes and alms bowls are very important for monks and nuns. The Buddha said, \u201cJust as a bird takes its wings with it wherever it flies, so the monks and nuns take their robes and bowls with them wherever they go. They are content with robes to cover their body and an alms bowl to hold their food.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A day in a monastery\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn the daily life of work and religious practice, the monks and nuns conduct themselves properly and with discipline.\u00a0 Each day begins early for monks and nuns. Long before the sun rises, they attend morning ceremonies and recite parts of the Buddha\u2019s teachings. Later on, there may be a period of meditation and study.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Members of the Sangha have many responsibilities to fulfill, despite leading simple lives. They work very hard and are happy with the work they do. During the day, they go about teaching the Dharma. They also write Buddhist books and make Buddha images. They take care of the temple and gardens. They prepare for ceremonies. They give advice to the laity. They help with community projects and care for the elderly and the sick.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

There are more chanting and meditation sessions in the evenings. Monks and nuns may give talks on the teachings of the Buddha. They choose not to take evening meals, but use the time instead for study or meditation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gwo Cheng, from China, lives in a monastery in the United States. She is ten years old and is training to become a nun. She talks about her daily life, \u201c\u00a0first itAt was hard to get up early and sit in meditation, but now I am used to it. I am much healthier than I was before! We have a school right here at our monastery. We study the same subjects as other schools do. We are also taught how to be a good person. I am a novice, which means that I am in training to become a nun. I don\u2019t need to decide until I am twenty. There are several novices here. We\u2019re not expected to do everything that the nuns do, but we do our best. After school, we help with the temple duties. I really like garden-ing! Many people ask me if we novices ever have any fun.\u00a0 Yes, we do! We are very good friends and enjoy studying together. We go on walks and picnics and sing Buddhist songs. The nuns are always thinking of fun things for us to do. We also get to see our families who can live here or just come to visit.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam B\u1ea3o\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch g\u1eb7p b\u00e3o, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fa \u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n. H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u201c\u00a0H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n.<\/em>\u00a0Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u1edf Ph\u1eadt ( ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt), Ph\u00e1p ( nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng) v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n ( t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni). \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa \u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam B\u1ea3o ( Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u ) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ba \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin Tam B\u1ea3o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi h\u1ecd n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam B\u1ea3o, h\u1ecd\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111i th\u0103m m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 xa x\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Anh ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i. Anh ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi du h\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khai ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecd. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn h\u1ecd \u0111i. T\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Threefold Refuge\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhen travellers are caught in a storm, they need to find shelter. Once they have found it and they feel safe, they call out to others, \u201cCome, take refuge with us under this shelter! It\u2019s safe here!\u201d When people see trouble in life, they may also want to find shelter. Some of them take refuge in the Buddha (the founder), Dharma (the teachings) and the Sangha (monks and nuns). Together they are called the Triple Gem as they represent qualities which are precious like gems.\u00a0 You take refuge once you recognize the value of the Triple Gem and when you are confident that it can help lead you towards happiness or enlightenment. You are then known as a Buddhist. It is the understanding of the Buddha\u2019s teachings that makes you want to take refuge, not just faith alone.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Now, let us take an example of a traveller who wants to visit a distant city where he has never been. He will need a guide to lead him towards his destination. He will need a path to follow. He may also wish to have travelling companions on the trip. A Buddhist working towards get-ting happiness and enlightenment is like a traveller trying to reach that distant city. The Buddha is his \u2018guide\u2019, Dharma his \u2018path\u2019 and the Sangha his \u2018travelling companions\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nS\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed noi theo. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i nu\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang sinh. C\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed noi theo Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taking Refuge in the Buddha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Buddha, having reached enlightenment, is seen as the best guide for Buddhists heading towards the same goal.\u00a0 Therefore, all Buddhists take refuge in the Buddha. The Buddha knew what is good and what is not good for all beings.\u00a0 In pointing out the path that leads to the end of suffering, he made the Threefold Refuge for Buddhists to follow.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Ph\u00e1p\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPh\u00e1p l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u1eadc thang leo l\u00ean n\u00fai. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u xa v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng gi\u00fap Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taking Refuge in Dharma\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Dharma that Buddhists take as their refuge is like a path that has been well laid down. Such a path may include signposts to show directions, bridges for crossing rivers and steps for climbing mountains. In the same way, Dharma includes the rules of good conduct to help Buddhists avoid bad actions and ways to help them overcome difficulties.\u00a0 It also teaches them how to overcome ignorance and gain Enlightenment.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nN\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i du h\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1eabn nhau khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nhau khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap c\u01b0 s\u0129 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 ti\u1ec3p t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taking Refuge in the Sangha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTaking Refuge in the Sangha is like having good travelling companions. They care for each other when they are sick and encourage one another when they are tired. The Sangha, like ideal travelling companions, help the laity to cleanse their bad ideas and correct their behaviour through good advice and proper guidance. They also encourage the laity to continue their journey to happiness or Enlightenment.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Tam B\u1ea3o. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef3 ni n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u201cCon xin n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCon xin\u00a0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Ph\u00e1p\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nCon xin\u00a0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a T\u0103ng\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Becoming a Buddhist\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThere is a very special ceremony for taking the Threefold Refuge. A Buddhist monk or nun says the following three times and you recite it after him or her:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u201cI go to the Buddha for refuge.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nI go to Dharma for refuge.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nI go to the Sangha for refuge.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nOnce you have done this sincerely, you have become a Buddhist.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>N\u0103m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, h\u1ecd hoan h\u1ec9 noi theo n\u0103m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sinh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n2. Tr\u00e1nh \u0103n c\u1eafp\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n3. Tr\u00e1nh t\u00e0 d\u00e2m\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n4. Tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n5. Tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Five Moral Precepts\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhen children become pupils of a new school, they have to follow the rules of that school. When people become Buddhists, they willingly follow the Five Precepts which are the rules for Buddhists.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Five Precepts are:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n1. Avoid Killing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n2. Avoid Stealing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n3. Avoid Misusing Sex\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n4. Avoid Lying\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n5. Avoid Using Intoxicants\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t : Tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sinh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u201c\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh<\/em>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0o.\u201d Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u01b0u sinh ho\u1eb7c vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u1ec3 thao. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh, mong ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, con s\u00f4ng, r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The First Precept: Avoid killing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Buddha said, \u201cLife is dear to all.\u201d All beings fear death and value life, we should therefore respect life and not kill anything. This precept forbids not only killing people but also any creature, especially if it is for money or sport.\u00a0 We should have an attitude of loving-kindness towards all beings, wishing them to be always happy and free. Caring for the Earth, its rivers, forests and air, is also included in this precept.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai :\u00a0 Tr\u00e1nh \u0103n c\u1eafp\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang \u0111i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt do ch\u00fang ta \u0103n c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c,\u00a0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng,\u00a0 d\u00f9 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hay thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 t\u1ef3\u00a0 kheo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean, l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPh\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean chia s\u1ebd t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cao nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Second Precept: Avoid stealing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWe have the right to own things and give them away as we wish. However, we should not take things that do not belong to us by stealing or cheating. Instead, we should learn to give to help others, and always take good care of the things that we use, whether they belong to us or to the public. In a broader sense, this precept means being respon-sible. If we are lazy and neglect our studies or work, we are said to be \u2018stealing time\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

This precept also encourages us to be generous.\u00a0 Buddhists give to the poor and the sick and make offerings to monks and nuns to practise being good.\u00a0 Buddhists are usually generous to their parents, teachers and friends to show gratitude for their advice, guidance and kindness. Buddhists also offer sympathy and encouragement to those who feel hurt or discouraged. Helping people by telling them about the Dharma is considered to be the highest form of giving.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba : tr\u00e1nh t\u00e0 d\u00e2m\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nTr\u00e1nh t\u00e0 d\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh\u00a0 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh tan n\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n cho ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1eabn nhau.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng mong ch\u1edd s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn nhau. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 trong s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Third Precept: Avoid misusing sex\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAvoiding the misuse of sex is respect for people and personal relationships. Much unhappiness arises from the misuse of sex and from living in irresponsible ways. Many families have been broken as a result, and many children have been victims of sexual abuse. For the happiness of ourselves as well as others, sex should be used in a caring and loving manner.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhen observing this precept, sexual desires should be controlled, and husbands and wives should be faithful towards each other. This will help to create peace in the family. In a happy family, the husband and wife respect, trust and love each other. With happy families, the world would be a better place for us to live in.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nYoung people should keep their minds and bodies pure to develop their goodness. It is up to them to make the world a better place in which to live.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 T\u01b0: Tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i l\u00ea, n\u00f3i m\u00e1ch. Tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e3i v\u00e3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Fourth Precept: Avoid lying\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWe should respect each other and not tell lies or gossip. This would result in fewer quarrels and misunderstandings, and the world would be a more peaceful place. In observing the fourth precept, we should always speak the truth.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 N\u0103m : Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 N\u0103m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. N\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n. Bao g\u1ed3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ma t\u00fay, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb say r\u01b0\u1ee3u, kh\u1eadt kh\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i\u00a0 t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a to ti\u1ebfng. H\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta n\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7c m\u00f9i r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00f9i kinh t\u1edfm. \u00d4ng ta l\u1ea7m b\u1ea7m trong mi\u1ec7ng, kh\u1eadt kh\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kinh h\u00e3i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a anh ta, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u1ec9nh n\u00f3i \u201c M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7!\u201d Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u201c H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y! Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho c\u00e1c con h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi say r\u01b0\u1ee3u. \u00d4ng ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 thanh danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a anh s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n. Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecf r\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i tr\u00ed ng\u1edb ng\u1eabn.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ecdi \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Fifth Precept: Avoid using intoxicants\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe fifth precept is based on self-respect. It guards against losing control of our mind, body and speech. Many things can become addictive. They include alcohol, drugs, smok-ing and unhealthy books. Using any of these will bring harm to us and our family.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One day, the Buddha was speaking Dharma to the assembly when a young drunken man staggered into the room. He tripped over some monks who were sitting on the floor and started cursing aloud. His breath stank of alcohol and filled the air with a sickening smell. Mumbling to himself, he staggered out of the door.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Everyone was shocked at his rude behaviour, but the Buddha remained calm, \u201cGreat Assembly!\u201d he said, \u201cTake a look at this man! I can tell you the fate of a drunkard. He will certainly lose his wealth and good name. His body will grow weak and sickly. Day and night, he will quarrel with his family and friends until they leave him. The worst thing is that he will lose his wisdom and become confused.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

By observing this precept, we can keep a clear mind and have a healthy body.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\"\"C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m hai nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129. T\u1eeb T\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong tu vi\u1ec7n. C\u01b0 s\u0129 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 nam v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Tam B\u1ea3o ( Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng).\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 hoan h\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u0103m gi\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho T\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2an. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, T\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2an ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, T\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1eef cho Ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2an hay c\u01b0 s\u0129, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, B\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang sinh noi theo. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Laity\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\"\"The Buddhist Community consists of two groups of people, the Sangha and the Laity. The word \u2018Sangha\u2019 means \u2018friendly community\u2019. It usually refers to the Buddhist monks and nuns. They live in monasteries. The laity includes Buddhist men and women who do not become monks and nuns. They usually live at home with their families.\u00a0 The first step to becoming a member of the Laity is to go for refuge in the Triple Gem (the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha). Then, they willingly observe the Five Precepts in their daily life.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The laity play an important role in Buddhism, as they care for and support the Sangha. They build the temples and monasteries. They give offerings of food, clothing, bedding and medicine to the Sangha. In return, the Sangha carries on the work of Buddhism and teaches the laity on the Dharma. In this way the Sangha and the laity benefit each other and together, they keep Dharma alive.Whether one is a member of the Sangha or the laity, all Buddhists should do their best to live an honest life, show compassion to all living beings and set a good example.\u00a0 Even when they are working or meditating, it should be for the benefit of others as well as for themselves.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tu vi\u1ec7n, n\u0103m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Hoa sen, B\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p, c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong tu vi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Symbols in Buddhism\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nWhen visiting a monastery, the five main objects that can be found there are Lotus Flowers, Dharma Wheels, Buddhist Flags, Bodhi Tree and a Stupa. In addition, the images of the Buddha are the most popular objects in a mon-astery. Each of these bears a special meaning in Buddhism.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoa sen\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Hoa sen c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 trong b\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u00ean\u00a0 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft trong bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng. Hoa sen t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n b\u1edfi b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hoa sen. H\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh khi\u1ebft trong th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 u\u1ebf t\u1ea1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Lotus Flower\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u2018<\/span>The lotus has its roots in the mud, Grows up through the deep water, And rises to the surface. It blooms into perfect beauty and purity in the sunlight.\u2019\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe lotus flower represents purity because it is not dirtied by the filth of the mud in which it grows. Those who follow the Buddha\u2019s teachings aim to be like the lotus. They hope to remain pure in a world of impure temptations.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i xe, b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0103n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. T\u1eeb khi khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 lan ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0y\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i lan truy\u1ec1n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Dharma Wheel\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOnce we start driving the car, the wheels of the car will keep rolling until it reaches the destination. Ever since the Buddha first started teaching Dharma, the Truth has spread continuously and all over the world. This will continue until all beings are freed from their suffering. The Dharma Wheel is a symbol of the continuous spreading of the Buddha\u2019s teachings to help people live more happily.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, s\u00e1u lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhist Flag\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAccording to Buddhist records, as the Buddha sat under the Bodhi Tree, six rays of light emitted from his body after his Enlightenment. Based on this, the Buddhist flag indicates that all the different races in the world can live happily under the shield of the Buddha\u2019s wisdom. The sixth colour is the combination of blue, yellow, red, white and orange.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"C\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y Pi Pa La, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y sung s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111u\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. Ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng lao c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1\u00a0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y che ch\u1edf cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bodhi Tree\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe Bodhi Tree is a pipala tree, a kind of fig tree found in India. It became known as the Bodhi Tree after the Buddha had attained Enlightenment underneath it. Today, it is used to represent the wisdom of the Buddha. It is therefore called the Tree of Wisdom, and is respected all over the world by Buddhists. To honour the Bodhi Tree is a way of showing gratitude for the wisdom realized by the Buddha.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/center><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i thi\u00ean li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cao t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 cao t\u0103ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Stupa<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nA stupa is a monument where the sacred remains of the Buddha or noble monks are kept so that people can pay their respect to them. Today, a stupa serves as a symbol for Buddhists to recall the good conduct of the Buddha and noble monks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u0103ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd y\u00eau qu\u00fd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qu\u00fd. C\u1edd qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong ch\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c tu vi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1eadt t\u1eed vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m. T\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng m\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 hoa, v\u00e0ng, g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tranh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00f4i th\u00fac h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng\u00a0 tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhist Shrines and Images\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPeople often feel the need to remember the things they love and respect in a form that they can see. For instance, a photograph is kept in order to remember a loved one.\u00a0 The national flag is a reminder of the loyalty people feel towards their country.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The photograph and national flag are examples of symbols in remembrance of the qualities of the people or things that are being represented. They form the focal point of one\u2019s feelings of love, respect and loyalty.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In the same way, the shrine found in Buddhist homes or monasteries is a focal point of Buddhist observances. At the centre of the shrine, there is usually an image of the Buddha. This image may be made of a variety of materials such as marble, gold, wood or clay. The image is a symbol that helps people to remember the qualities of the Buddha.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The shrine may also have such objects as a volume of Buddhist scripture to represent the Dharma. Some shrines may display other items such as images, pictures or photographs of Buddhist monks and masters to represent the Sangha. When Buddhists stand before a shrine, the objects they see on it help to remind them of the qualities that are found in the Buddha and the Sangha. This inspires them to work towards cultivating these qualities in themselves.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a>L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. C\u00f3 ba l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u1ea9n, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhist Festivals\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nBuddhists have many festivals throughout the year. The following three are common to all Buddhists. During these festivals, people can take refuge, take precepts or leave their home life to become monks and nuns.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh ( L\u1ec5 V\u00eda \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\nVesak day in London<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y sanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng N\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c l\u1ec5 \u1edf Srilanka v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNg\u00e0y n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng tham gia l\u1ec5 t\u1eafm Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ecd r\u00f3t t\u1eebng g\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp hoa th\u01a1m t\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft trong \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nC\u00e1c ch\u00f9a trang tr\u00ed thanh nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u0103ng r\u00f4n.\u00a0 \u00c1n th\u1edd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n chay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ec5 ph\u00f3ng sanh cho c\u00e1c con th\u00fa b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 chim, r\u00f9a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y vui\u00a0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddha Day (Vesak)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nFor the Buddhist community, the most important event of the year is the celebration of the birth of the Buddha. It falls on the full-moon day in May. This occasion is observed by millions of Buddhists throughout the world. It is called Vesak in Sri Lanka, Visakha Puja in Thailand. On this day, Buddhists in some countries like China and Korea would take part in the ceremonial bathing of the Buddha. They pour ladles of water scented with flower petals over a statue of the baby Buddha. This symbolizes purifying their thoughts and actions. The temples are elegantly decorated with flowers and banners; the altars are full of offerings. Vegetarian meals are provided for all. Captive animals, such as birds and turtles, are set free from their cages. This is a very joyous day for everyone.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1p\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p cho 5 t\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf khu r\u1eebng l\u1ed9c uy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Benares , \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dharma Day (Asalha Puja)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAsalha Puja, known as \u201cDharma Day\u201d, is celebrated on the full-moon day in July. This day commemorates the very first time the Buddha taught Dharma to the five monks in the Deer Park at Benares, India.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y T\u0103ng\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Ng\u00e0y t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111i v\u00e0o an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 ba th\u00e1ng trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Sau m\u00f9a an c\u01b0, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c t\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy y, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam B\u1ea3o,\u00a0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo N\u0103m gi\u1edbi, d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c vong linh, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn tu s\u0129 nam, tu s\u0129 n\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1eafng\u00a0 nghe Ph\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sangha Day (Kathina)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSangha Day or Kathina is usually held in October. In the Theravada or Southern tradition, monks go on a three-month retreat during the rainy season. After the retreat, the laity offer robes and gifts to them. This day symbol-izes the close relationship between the monks and the lay people. On almost all of these special occasions, Buddhists celebrate these events by taking the Threefold Refuge, accepting observance of the Five Precepts, offering flowers and incense to the Buddha, chanting Sutras, meditating, offering alms to the monks and nuns and listening to Dharma talks.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 2.500 n\u0103m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb tha v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 543 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u1ea4\u00a0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 13 khi Marco Polo (1254\u20131324), ng\u01b0\u1eddi du h\u00e0nh \u00dd \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt trong s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 18 v\u1ec1 sau, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Alan Bennett, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Burma\u00a0 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 An Nan Da Met Tya.\u00a0 \u00d4ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf\u00a0 l\u1ea1i Anh n\u0103m 1908. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Anh qu\u1ed1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129\u00a0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb Sri La La, Th\u00e1i Lan, Nh\u1eadt, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 70. Nhi\u1ec1u tu s\u0129 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 140 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhism in the World\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"The Buddha is the founder of Buddhism. He lived and taught in northern India some 2,500 years ago. He had shown people how to live wisely and happily and his teachings soon spread all over India. The Buddha passed away in 543 BCE, but his teachings have spread from India throughout Asia, and beyond.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nPeople in the West had heard of the Buddha and his teaching as early as the 13th century when Marco Polo (1254\u20131324), the Italian traveller who explored Asia, wrote accounts on Buddhism in his book, \u2018Travels of Marco Polo\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

From the 18th century onwards, Buddhist texts were brought to Europe and translated into English, French and German.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

At the beginning of the 20th century, Alan Bennett, an Englishman, went to Burma to become a Buddhist monk. He was renamed Ananda Metteya. He returned to Britain in 1908. He was the first British person to become a Buddhist monk. He taught Dharma in Britain.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Since then, Buddhist monks and nuns from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Japan, China and other Buddhist countries in Asia have come to the West, particularly over the last seventy years. Many of these teachers have kept to their original customs while others have adapted to some extent to meet the demands of living in a western society.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In recent years, there has been a marked growth of interest in Buddhism in Europe. The membership of existing societies has increased and many new Buddhist centres have been established. Their members include large numbers of professionals and scholars. Today, Britain alone has over 140 Buddhist centres found in most major cities. (<\/span><\/strong>Ananda Metteya By courtesy of the Buddhist Society, London)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>NH\u1eeeNG C\u00c2U CHUY\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u00e2u xa r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Buddhist Stories\u00a0<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Since the teachings of the Buddha are difficult to under-stand, the Buddha often used stories to illustrate them. The following ten stories help to explain the Dharma mentioned in this book.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Kisa Gautami\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t \u2014 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Kisa Gau Ta Mi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ed1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. R\u1ed1i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, Kisa mang x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean tay v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y sang nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con c\u00f4 ta. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f4 ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u00f4 ta g\u1eb7p\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Kisa b\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0a v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1eafng nghe ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 ta,\u00a0\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 \u201d. \u201c \u0110i t\u00ecm v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho ta n\u0103m h\u1ea1t m\u00f9 t\u1ea1t t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kisa \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y sang nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Kisa kh\u00f4ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa, Kisa mang x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111i ch\u00f4n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea9t.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kisa Gautami\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe First Noble Truth \u2014 Suffering (Dukkha)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nKisa Gautami was a young woman from a rich family who was married to a wealthy merchant. When her only son was about a year old, he suddenly fell ill and died.\u00a0 Overcome with grief, Kisa Gautami took the dead child in her arms and went from house to house asking people if they knew of a medicine that could restore her child\u2019s life. Of course no one was able to help her. Finally, she met a follower of the Buddha, who advised her to see the Buddha. When she carried the dead child to the Buddha and told him her sad story, he listened with patience and compas- sion. He said to her, \u201cThere is only one way to solve your\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nproblem. Go and get me five mustard seeds from any family in which there has never been a death<\/em>.\u201d Kisa Gautami set off to look for such a household but without success. Every family she visited had experienced the death of one person or another. At last, she understood what the Buddha had wanted her to find out for herself \u2014 that death comes to all. Accepting the fact that death is inevitable, she no longer grieved. She took the child\u2019s body away and later returned to the Buddha to become one of his followers.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Buddha taught us to recognise that suf-fering is a fact of life and that no one can avoid it, as stated in the First Noble Truth..<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>B\u1eaby kh\u1ec9\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Hai. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"\u1ede Trung qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n b\u1eaft theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 tay kh\u1ec9 th\u00f2 v\u00e0o. R\u1ed3i r\u1eafc \u00edt \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5ng trong tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba v\u00e0o n\u01a1i kh\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaby th\u00fa, r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0103n nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5ng xung quanh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e1o d\u1eeba v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y g\u00e1o d\u1eeba ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5ng. Kh\u1ec9 th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat tay n\u00f3 ra, khi tay n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1\u00a0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf v\u00e0 r\u00fat b\u00e0n tay v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5ng ra kh\u1ecfi g\u00e1o d\u1eeba. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00eau g\u00e0o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi g\u00e1o d\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c con kh\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 h\u00e3y v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u00f2ng tham \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m con kh\u1ec9 s\u1eadp b\u1eaby.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ed1ng con kh\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Hai.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Monkey Trap\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe Second Noble Truth \u2014 The cause of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn China, monkeys are caught in a very special way. The trapper first takes a coconut. He then makes a hole on its side just big enough for a hand to go through when it is not clenched into a fist. He then places some peanuts in the coconut and puts it in a spot where monkeys usually visit.\u00a0 Before leaving the coconut behind, he would scatter some peanuts around the coconut. Sooner or later, a curious monkey would come along. It would first eat the peanuts on the ground. Then, it would find the coconut and see that it is full of peanuts. When it puts its hand into the hole to help itself to the peanuts, it would be unable to withdraw its hand, which is now a fist full of peanuts. No matter how hard it struggles and pulls, it would not get free. It would cry out loud and become very anxious. All the monkey has to do is to let go of the peanuts to get free, but it would not want to do that. In this situation, the monkey is easily caught by the trapper.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

We are like the monkey. We want to be free from suffering, but we are not willing to let go of our desires, which so often get us into trouble. This is the Second Noble Truth.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>M\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 Ba: Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u00a0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef3 kheo gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v\u1edbi 500 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n n\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n suy t\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef3 kheo gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0y hay c\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0 V\u00e0 v\u1ecb\u00a0 t\u1ef3 kheo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1edbm l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho \u00f4ng ta. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, trong khi h\u1ecd an c\u01b0 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn ho\u00e0ng gia theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1eb3n trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0 th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 gi\u00e0 t\u1ea1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 tu s\u0129 gi\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0Th\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac! Th\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac! \u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111i th\u0103m v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 gi\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb l\u0103ng m\u1ea1n khi ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef3 kheo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kia, v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 vua \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 gi\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua, “Xin nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y b\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.\u201d R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ngai v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ec9 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong r\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00ednh canh g\u00e1c xung quanh \u00f4ng ta. Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean\u00a0 Th\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac! Th\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac!\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Nh\u00e0 vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u ra . \u00d4ng \u1ea5y khen ng\u1ee3i hai v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng cung. !\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 T\u01b0.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Happy Monk\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe Third Noble Truth \u2014 The end of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThere was once a man of wealth and high position who realized that suffering was the same for rich and poor alike. So he became a monk to practise meditation in order to develop his mind. Soon, this old monk had a following of 500 monks. One of these monks always wore a smile, unlike the others who usually looked serious. The old monk was the only one who knew his source of happiness, and this happy monk was soon made his chief assistant. A year later, while they were spending the rainy season in the royal garden at the king\u2019s invitation, the old monk was asked to stay in residence at the palace. The happy monk became the new leader of the group. One day, this happy monk went to pay the old monk a visit at the palace. All he would stay to the old monk on seeing him was, \u201cWhat happiness! What happiness!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The king, who happened to visit the old monk at that time, felt insulted when he was not greeted by this happy monk, who was not even aware of the king\u2019s entrance.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Seeing the king\u2019s displeasure, the old monk said to him: \u201cHave patience, my king, and I will tell you the source of this monk\u2019s happiness. Not many people know of it. He was once a king like you. But having given up his kingly life for that of a monk, he had found his present joy! Sitting alone in the forest, he had nothing to fear and no need for armed guards to surround him. Free from the worry over wealth and power, his wisdom now protects himself and others. He has found such inner peace in meditation that he cannot help saying: \u201cWhat happiness! What happiness!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0The king finally understood what was true happiness. He honoured the two monks before returning to his palace.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Unattached to wealth and power, happiness increases. This is the Third Noble Truth.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>C\u00e1i b\u00e8\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCh\u00e2n l\u00fd cao qu\u00fd th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bao la. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m b\u00ean kia b\u1edd l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o b\u1eaft ngang qua. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00fac g\u1ed7, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e8 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00e8. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia an to\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1m Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao qu\u00fd ( B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o )\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e8. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Raft<\/strong>
\nThe Fourth Noble Truth Path leading to the end of suffering\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"A man who was escaping from a group of bandits came to a vast stretch of water that was in his way. He knew that this side of the shore was dangerous and the other side was safe. However, there was no boat going to the other shore, nor was there any bridge for crossing over. So he quickly gathered wood, branches and leaves to make a raft, and with the help of the raft, he crossed over safely to the other side.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Noble Eightfold Path taught by the Buddha is like the raft. It would take us from the suffering of this shore to the other shore of no suffering.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u00a0<\/strong>
\nB\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 trong n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00ed th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng ta d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1eafng nghe \u00f4ng ta ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i. Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00f3i xong. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta,\u201c\u00a0Li\u1ec7u\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho anh m\u00f3n qu\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng anh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u00f3n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3?\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/em>\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u201c\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i e ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec n\u00f3, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eeda m\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng ta, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y xin ng\u00e0i tha th\u1ee9 cho \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n lay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

You Cannot Dirty the Sky\u00a0<\/strong>
\nRight Speech \u2014 Avoid using harsh words in speech\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nOne day, an angry man with a bad temper went to see the Buddha. The man used harsh words to abuse the Buddha. The Buddha listened to him patiently and quietly, and did not say anything as the man spoke. The angry man finally stopped speaking. Only then did the Buddha ask him, \u201cIf someone wants to give you something, but you don\u2019t want to accept it, to whom does the gift belong?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOf course it belongs to the person who tried to give it away in the first place,\u201d\u00a0<\/em>the man answered.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cLikewise it is with your abuse<\/em>,\u201d said the Buddha. \u201cI do not wish to accept it, and so it belongs to you. You would have to keep this gift of harsh words and abuse for yourself. And I am afraid that in the end you will have to suffer for it, for a bad man who abuses a good man can only bring suffering on himself. It is as if a man wanted to dirty the sky by spitting at it. His spittle can never make the sky dirty, it would only fall onto his own face and make it dirty instead.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>The man listened to the Buddha and felt ashamed. He asked the Buddha to forgive him and became one of his followers.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Only kind words and reasoning can influ-ence and transform others.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Con chim c\u00fat can \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0<\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t: Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sinh\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh Va Ra Na Si, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i con chim c\u00fat sinh s\u1ed1ng. Ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y che m\u00e1t cho chim c\u00fat l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 b\u00e3i c\u1ecf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n voi. Trong \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con voi uy nghi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0n voi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, m\u1ed9t con chim c\u00fat \u0111\u1ebb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng. Ngay khi con chim non v\u1eeba n\u1edf, con chim c\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 lo s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c con chim non c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi con voi. Nh\u01b0ng con voi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m\u00a0 chim c\u00fat r\u1eb1ng con chim non s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p b\u1edfi b\u1ea7y voi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng canh g\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 chim khi c\u00e1c con voi kh\u00e1c \u0111i qua. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c voi r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c con th\u00fa kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi m\u1ed9t con voi t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u0111i ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t con voi tinh ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn. Con chim c\u00fat m\u1eb9 xin x\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00f3 h\u00e3y ban \u01a1n d\u1eebng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chim non m\u1edbi n\u1edf. M\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi xin x\u1ecf c\u1ee7a chim c\u00fat, con voi x\u1ea5u xa kia \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea5t v\u00f2i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 chim v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con chim non. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con chim non l\u00e0m\u00a0 Cho chim c\u00fat c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9.\u00a0 C\u00fat m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e1m qu\u1ea1 m\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u1eaft voi hung d\u1eef v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea1 m\u1ed5 m\u1eaft con voi kia. R\u1ed3i c\u00f4 ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p\u00a0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1edd\u00a0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng trong h\u1ed1c m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con voi. C\u00fat m\u1eb9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn con r\u00f9a v\u00e0 n\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 ta : \u201c Khi ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng, con voi x\u1ea5u xa kia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y d\u00f2 d\u1eabm \u0111i l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n \u0111au, l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u00f9a\u00a0 k\u00eau \u1ed9p \u1ed9p t\u1eeb d\u1ed1c n\u00fai d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, con voi s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e2m thanh, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con voi d\u1eef t\u1ee3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf .<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Brave Quail\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe First Precept \u2014 No killing\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nIn a forest near Varanasi, there once lived some quails.\u00a0 The shady grove in which they nested was also the favourite grazing ground of a herd of elephants. A wise and righteous elephant was the leader of that herd. One day, one of the quails laid some eggs. Soon the fledglings were hatched, but the quail was worried they might be trampled to death by the elephants. The elephant leader assured the quail that the fledglings will not be harmed by his herd because he would stand over the nest when the other elephants grazed. But he warned the quail that a rogue elephant that was coming their way might bring them harm.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nSoon after the good elephant and his herd had left, the rogue elephant arrived. The mother quail begged at his feet for mercy. Despite this, the rogue elephant lashed his trunk at the nest and killed all the fledglings. Grief over her dead children made the quail bold and set her thinking hard. She went to tell the crow about this, and asked him to peck out the elephant\u2019s eyes. Then she went to an ant to tell her sad story, and the ant offered to lay eggs in the empty sockets of the elephant\u2019s eyes. She further went to the frog to unfold her plans: When the ants hatch from the eggs, the rogue elephant will be badly stung. He will run blindly looking for water to ease his pain. If the frog croaked from the steep precipice nearby, the elephant would follow the sound and go to the edge of the cliff. One step further towards the sound would send him hurtling down to his death.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThis was exactly what happened later.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

This story is a good lesson to all the strong ones who want to harm the weak and the helpless.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 Ba: Kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c sai tr\u00e1i\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c sai tr\u00e1i. D\u00f9 \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c sai tr\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3. Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, cha c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y d\u1eabn \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c sai tr\u00e1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn\u00a0 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9 quanh \u00f4ng ta.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c sai tr\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Habit of Committing Adultery\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe Third Precept \u2014 No sexual misconduct\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThere was once a man who had the habit of committing adultery. Even though he had been arrested a number of times for his misconduct, he did not change his ways.\u00a0 In desperation, his father brought him to the Buddha for advice. The Buddha pointed out that a person who indulges in sexual misconduct creates problems and suffer-ing for himself as well as others. He not only squanders his money and loses his reputation but also creates enemies for himself.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Serious consequences often result from sexual misconduct, but they are usually overlooked at the time when it is being committed.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Con ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 con voi\u00a0<\/strong>
\nGi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 N\u0103m: Tr\u00e1nh u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ma t\u00fay\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nNg\u00e0y kia, m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i t\u00fd hon nh\u1ea5m nh\u00e1p m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i d\u1eeba ch\u1ea3y ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u,\u00a0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eeba. Ru\u1ed3i ng\u1ea5m men d\u1eeba say v\u00e0 l\u1ea9m b\u1ea9m, \u201cGi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t con voi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111i ngang qua. Ru\u1ed3i n\u00f3i, \u201c\u00a0B\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau \u01b0? H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i<\/em>. \u201d Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng, voi b\u01b0\u1edbc qua v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e2n d\u1eabm ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c con ki\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ma t\u00fay s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t l\u00fd tr\u00ed gi\u1ed1ng con ru\u1ed3i, \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\nA Fly and an Elephant\u00a0<\/strong>
\nThe Fifth Precept \u2014 Avoiding intoxi-cant drinks and drugs\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"One day, a dump fly tasted a bit of liquor left in a coconut shell. After that, he felt heavier and stronger than before. So he went back to the dump again. As soon as he landed on the dump, the dump heap was lowered a little. The fly thought, \u201cLook, I am so strong.\u201d At this time, an elephant happened to pass by. The fly said, \u201cMy dear friend, have you come here for a fight? I am ready today.\u201d The elephant walked over to the dump. He did not say a single word but just gave a big thump with its hoof and killed all the flies.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taking intoxicant drinks and drugs will make us lose our senses like the fly. That is why the Buddha wanted us to refrain from using them.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 vi ph\u1ea1m n\u0103m gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nT\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u0103m gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ngh\u0129, trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u201c\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i khi\u00a0 ta ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1ng 1 ly ho\u1eb7c 2 ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/em>\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y mua ba chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u u\u1ed1ng. L\u00fac \u00f4ng \u1ea5y u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3n chai th\u1ee9 hai, con g\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 \u201c\u00a0H\u1ecd bi\u1ebfu ta m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u00e2y, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt con g\u00e0 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/em>\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ed9p l\u1ea5y con g\u00e0 v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m s\u00e1t sinh. V\u00ec \u00f4ng ta b\u1eaft con g\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xin ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m \u0103n c\u1eafp. Th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i ngang qua c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i\u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y con g\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 l\u1eafp b\u1eafp \u201c\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y con g\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>.\u201d Khi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. R\u1ed3i khi nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, \u00f4ng ta ngh\u0129 b\u00e0 ta r\u1ea5t xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y t\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh s\u00e0m s\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Layman who Violates the Five Precepts\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nThe importance of keeping to the precepts\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n

Once there was a layman who received the Five Precepts. At first, these precepts were very important to him and he strictly observed them. After a time, how-ever, his past habits came back and he longed for a taste of alcohol. He thought, of the five precepts, the one against drinking is really unnecessary. \u201cWhat\u2019s wrong with a tot or two?\u201d H<\/em>e bought three bottles of wine and started to drink.\u00a0 As he was drinking the second bottle, the neighbour\u2019s little chicken ran into his house. \u201cThey\u2019ve sent me a snack,<\/em>\u201d he thought. \u201cI\u2019ll put this chicken on the menu to help send down my wine.<\/em>\u201d He then grabbed the bird and killed it. Thus, he broke the precept against killing. Since he took the chicken without the owner\u2019s permission, he also broke the precept against stealing. Suddenly, the lady next door walked in and said, \u201cSay, did you see my chicken?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Drunk as he was, and full of chicken, he slurred, \u201cNo\u2026 I didn\u2019t see no chicken. Your old pu\u2026 pu\u2026 pullet didn\u2019t run over here.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0So saying, he broke the precept against lying. Then he took a look at the woman and thought she was quite pretty.\u00a0 He molested the lady and broke the precept against sexual misconduct. Not keeping to one precept that he thought was not important had led him to break all the precepts.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cO \u201cAs an acrobat clears the ground before he shows his tricks, so good conduct (keeping the precepts) is the basis of all good qualities.\u201d (Questions of King Milinda)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Con voi\u00a0 Na La Gi Ri\u00a0<\/strong>
\nY\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mong \u00f4ng ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng ta gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u00e0y m\u01b0u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con voi chuy\u00ean s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Voi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Na La Gi Ri. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a\u00a0 cho voi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hung h\u00e3n. R\u1eddi \u00f4ng ta d\u1eabn n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, Voi\u00a0 Na La Gi Ri nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng lo l\u1eafng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. H\u1ecd la l\u00ean \u201c\u00a0Con voi \u0111i\u00ean ! Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y \u0111i.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, khi th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi voi d\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u01a1 tay ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Con voi to l\u1edbn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 khoan dung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, khi\u1ebfn\u00a0 n\u00f3 qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nY\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Elephant Nalagiri\u00a0<\/strong>
\nLoving-Kindness\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n\"\"Devadatta was one of the Buddha\u2019s disciples and also his cousin. He therefore expected to become the future leader among the monks. To his surprise, the Buddha treated him like everyone else. This made him so angry that he plotted to harm the Buddha. In the village, there was an elephant known to be a man-killer. Her name was Nalagiri. One day, Devadatta gave Nalagiri some alcohol to make her go wild. He then drove the elephant onto the path where the Buddha was walking. As soon as Nalagiri caught sight of the Buddha, she rushed towards him in a mad fury. People scattered in fright in all directions. They shouted, \u201cMad elephant! Run for your lives!<\/em>\u201d To everyone\u2019s surprise, the Buddha faced Nalagiri calm-ly as he raised his hand to touch her.\u00a0 The huge creature felt the power of the Buddha\u2019s com-passion and readily went on her knees in front of him, as if bowing humbly. Loving-kindness can turn hostility into respect.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bibliography<\/span><\/span>
\nConze, E. Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. London, Harper<\/span><\/span>
\nTorchbooks, 1975.<\/span><\/span>
\nConze, E. A Short History of Buddhism. Oxford, 1993.<\/span><\/span>
\nRahula, W. What the Buddha Taught. London, 1978.<\/span><\/span>
\nWarder, A. K. Indian Buddhism. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1980.<\/span><\/span>
\nWijayaratna, M. Buddhist Monastic Life according to the texts of the<\/span><\/span>
\nTheravada Tradition. Cambridge, 1990.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

List of Pali\/Sanskrit words<\/span><\/span>
\nBuddhist texts were originally written in the two Indian<\/span><\/span>
\nlanguages Pali and Sanskrit. Pali is commonly used in the<\/span><\/span>
\nTheravada (Southern tradition) and Sanskrit is commonly<\/span><\/span>
\nused in the Mahayana (Northern tradition). There are words<\/span><\/span>
\nof both languages in the book.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi Qu\u1ef9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Anh qu\u1ed1c<\/span><\/span>
\n\u0110\u0103ng k\u00ed t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1: 1073008<\/span><\/span>
\nFirst published in Great Britain in 2000<\/span><\/span>
\nby Buddhist Education Foundation (UK)<\/span><\/span>
\nThis is a complimentary Buddhist textbook, which can be obtained from<\/span><\/span>
\nThe Buddhist Education Foundation (UK) BCM 9459 London WC1N 3XX<\/span><\/span>
\nUnited Kingdom<\/span><\/span>
\nRegistered Charity No.: 1073008 ISBN 0 9536928 0 9<\/span><\/span>
\nIllustrated by Yanfeng Liu – Produced by media 2000<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC C\u1ea4P II (BUDDHISM KEY STAGE II) NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT – S\u00c1CH D\u00c0NH CHO THI\u1ebeU NHI Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ecbch: S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4169,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2350","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2350"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4167,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2350\/revisions\/4167"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}