{"id":2311,"date":"2012-03-22T14:54:56","date_gmt":"2012-03-22T14:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2311"},"modified":"2013-03-14T15:22:36","modified_gmt":"2013-03-14T15:22:36","slug":"m%c6%b0%e1%bb%9di-hai-nhan-duyen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2311","title":{"rendered":"M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/strong><\/span>
\n (Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean)<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/cusi.free.fr\/coban\/pht0056.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch T\u00e2m H\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

A) D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Paticcasamuppada) [1]). Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y do ch\u00ednh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t \u00d0\u1ea1t \u00d0a (Siddhartha) th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 sau 49 ng\u00e0y t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.
\nM\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3… \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1ee3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B) N\u1ed9i dung<\/p>\n

I\/ \u00d0\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a :
\n1- Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ea1t l\u00faa l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00faa; c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo… l\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa (nh\u00e2n) n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u00faa. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n – duy\u00ean th\u1ef1c ra ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 “nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean” n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 “nh\u00e2n – duy\u00ean – qu\u1ea3”.
\n“Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean” trong “m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean” h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a “nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”: s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t sinh, n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 “do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh, c\u00e1i kia sinh; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n

2- M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?
\nTrong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 II (Samyutta Nik\u00e0ya), \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi) nh\u01b0 sau:
\n“Do v\u00f4 minh, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh sinh; do h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c sinh; do th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc sinh; do danh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sinh; do l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 x\u00fac sinh; do x\u00fac, c\u00f3 \u00e1i sinh; do \u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 sinh; do th\u1ee7, c\u00f3 h\u1eefu sinh; do h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 sinh sinh; do sinh sinh, c\u00f3 l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed7, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o sinh, hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed7 u\u1ea9n sinh. \u00d0\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”.<\/p>\n

“Do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t [2] tham \u00e1i, v\u00f4 minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t; do h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t; do th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t n\u00ean danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t; …; do sinh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u bi, kh\u1ed7, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed7 u\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t”. (tr 1-2)<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a g\u1ed3m hai chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng: chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng sinh kh\u1edfi (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n: do v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sinh…) v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t: do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t tham \u00e1i, v\u00f4 minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t…). Khi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n [3] t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed7 \u0111au, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Khi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u1eafc x\u00edch n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 (\u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t) th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a an l\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo chi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean, v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, v\u00f4 minh c\u0169ng do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh, l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (t\u00edch c\u1ef1c) th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed, tu\u1ec7; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a “v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t, minh sinh”.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c (12 chi ph\u1ea7n) c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y. \u00d0\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau tr\u00ean, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb kinh Trung B\u1ed9 II, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 12 chi ph\u1ea7n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kinh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 kinh II), kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i B\u1ed7n Duy\u00ean (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m I)… \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 5, 8 , 10, 11 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 12 chi ph\u1ea7n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c 12 chi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qua n\u1ed9i dung thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u00ean \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t – gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Khi \u00e1i (hay b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o) sinh kh\u1edfi, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi chi ph\u1ea7n \u00e1i hay th\u1ee7 (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3) \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i m\u1eafc x\u00edch 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tan r\u00e3. \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 trong lu\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa ghi r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3i Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hai, ba, … cho \u0111\u1ebfn 12 chi ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

II) \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean :
\n1- V\u00f4 minh (Avijj\u00e0): s\u1ef1 m\u00ea m\u1edd, cu\u1ed5ng si c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c; hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.
\n2- H\u00e0nh (Sankh\u00e0ra): \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (\u00fd h\u00e0nh) c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n

3- Th\u1ee9c (Vinnana): tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft (nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c), tai (nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c), m\u0169i (t\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c), l\u01b0\u1ee1i (thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c), th\u00e2n (th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 \u00fd (\u00fd th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

4- Danh s\u1eafc (N\u00e0ma – r\u00f9pa): s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd, danh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd. V\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; danh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (t\u00e2m s\u1edf), nh\u01b0 x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

5- L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp (Chabbith\u00e0na): c\u00f3 n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u x\u1ee9, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa 6 c\u0103n (= 6 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 6 tr\u1ea7n (= 6 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9: h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, \u00e2m thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng – ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

6- X\u00fac (Phassa): s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u0103n (ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, x\u00fac ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua 6 c\u01a1 quan tri gi\u00e1c. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0, khi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh do m\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 (s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n), th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c… V\u1eady, x\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, giao thoa gi\u1eefa c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

7- Th\u1ecd (Vedan\u00e0): s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u00e1t sinh khi m\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, tai ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh… \u00fd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd), c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (kh\u1ed7 th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd trung t\u00ednh (phi kh\u1ed7 phi l\u1ea1c). \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u1ed7 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean sinh, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

8- \u00c1i (Tanh\u00e0): g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c hay kh\u00e1t \u00e1i: s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, y\u00eau th\u00edch, tham luy\u1ebfn; g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, s\u1eafc \u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

9- Th\u1ee7 (Upad\u00e0na): g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7: s\u1ef1 k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o, b\u00e1m v\u00edu, \u0111eo ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

10- H\u1eefu (Bhava): ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, g\u1ed3m d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, s\u1eafc h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

11- Sinh (Jati): s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ra em b\u00e9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh (n\u0103m u\u1ea9n), th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 (c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tri gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang).<\/p>\n

12- L\u00e3o t\u1eed (Jaramrana): s\u1ef1 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i, tu\u1ed7i th\u1ecd l\u1edbn, tan r\u00e3, ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t, t\u1eed vong. V\u1edbi sinh m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e3o t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: r\u0103ng lung, t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, da nh\u0103n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tri gi\u00e1c suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

III) S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean :
\nTh\u00f4ng qua \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chi ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 6 c\u01a1 quan tri gi\u00e1c. Do v\u1eady, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi, lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (V\u00f4 minh). Ch\u00ednh \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7… V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd (H\u00e0nh). M\u1ed7i khi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 sinh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (Danh s\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp). Khi c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau (L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp), th\u00ec X\u00fac sinh kh\u1edfi. C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (Th\u1ecd) c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay khi c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c giao thoa nhau; c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd s\u1ebd tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1ecd bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n, vui, y\u00eau, gh\u00e9t, trung t\u00ednh… C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i (\u00c1i). Trong \u00c1i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (H\u1eefu). H\u1eefu t\u1ea1o ra Sinh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Sinh, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh suy y\u1ebfu, tan r\u00e3, m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed7, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o; hay kh\u1ed7 \u0111au c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u sinh kh\u1edfi (l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n) – chi\u1ec1u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed7 \u0111au, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn (ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t). M\u1ed7i khi \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong chu\u1ed7i 12 m\u1eafc x\u00edch (nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean), th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t; n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 th\u00ec v\u00f2ng x\u00edch m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “\u00c1i di\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ea1ng (t\u1eeb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng), m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (chi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp – l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n) n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi); n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Bao gi\u1edd tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 minh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed7 \u0111au b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn – khi 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed7 u\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

IV) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean :<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: “Duy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed7i d\u00f9 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n”. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3… t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c theo g\u00f3c quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 4 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ed7 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

1- D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed7ng qu\u00e1t :<\/p>\n

“Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh, c\u00e1i kia sinh; do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t”. (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 kinh, tr.291). D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t do ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd cho m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed7ng qu\u00e1t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi).
\n2- Ba \u0111\u1eddi hai t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (Tam th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3) :
\nBa \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (v\u1ecb lai). Theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 8 chi ph\u1ea7n (t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu); sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e3o t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb lai. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e3o t\u1eed; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa 2 l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eddi gian: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 – hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i – v\u1ecb lai. Qua c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, \u00fd \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, 8 chi ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e3o t\u1eed th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (!). Th\u1ef1c ra, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (v\u00e0 ngay trong m\u1ed7i chi ph\u1ea7n) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 minh. Khi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t th\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft 12 chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed7. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai). C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean – m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m \u00e1o v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf.
\n3- Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi :
\nKhi n\u00f3i “Do v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sinh…”, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh do v\u00f4 minh sinh ra. Gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh… l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian (tr\u01b0\u1edbc – sau). C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ngay trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na [4] \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 12 chi ph\u1ea7n. Khi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c: \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (h\u00e0nh), tri gi\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (th\u1ee9c)… \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed7, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1eabn nhau.
\n4- S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n) :
\nM\u1ed9t trong 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thai nhi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai. Nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m danh s\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thai nhi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u0103n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb b\u00fa m\u1edbm l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a x\u00fac. Tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 3-5 tu\u1ed7i l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, theo l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a t\u00e1c \u00fd thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Khi tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft vui, bu\u1ed5n, \u01b0a, gh\u00e9t… l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (sinh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed).
\nV) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean :
\n1- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t Brahman, hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n” [5].
\n2- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng), n\u00ean b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

3- Khi m\u1ed9t chi trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 dung th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i “m\u1ed9t” v\u00e0 c\u00e1i “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3”, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C) K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

1- M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00ean \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y khi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.
\n2- M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 hay nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o). N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

3- V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 hay gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 minh, tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

4- M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh, lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

5- Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean… Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5ng, b\u1edfi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

6- M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp t\u01b0 duy h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (theo chi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t), ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tha, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Ai th\u1ea5y Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p, ai th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt (Ta)”. Th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh – b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh, tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00edch T\u00e2m H\u1ea3i
\nNguy\u1ec7t san Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, th\u00e1ng 2-1999
\nCh\u00fa th\u00edch:
\n[1] C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh, Y tha kh\u1edfi: s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu; t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t sinh.
\n[2] Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (P\u00e0li: uccheda)<\/p>\n

[3] H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 (s\u1eafc), c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd), \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c (t\u01b0\u1edfng), \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (h\u00e0nh), v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

[4] Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn gi\u1eefa 2 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y (P\u00e0li: khana).<\/p>\n

[5] Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn (Visuddhimagga)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) http:\/\/cusi.free.fr\/coban\/pht0056.htm Th\u00edch T\u00e2m H\u1ea3i A) D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2311","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2311"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3420,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2311\/revisions\/3420"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}