{"id":2257,"date":"2012-03-20T08:42:48","date_gmt":"2012-03-20T08:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2257"},"modified":"2013-03-14T15:22:30","modified_gmt":"2013-03-14T15:22:30","slug":"vo-th%c6%b0%e1%bb%9dng-kh%e1%bb%95-vo-nga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/?page_id=2257","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng – Kh\u1ed5 – V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dao phat ngay nay<\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, mang n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh). Ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd[1] n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ngay trong ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin qua l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Sarvam Tath\u0101tvam: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. Song, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, l\u00fd l\u1ebd h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia: \u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, mang n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeN TR\u00ccNH KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T NGUY\u00caN L\u00dd V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

LU\u1eacT V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG TRONG V\u0168 TR\u1ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n (mudr\u0101) c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Heraclitus[2] \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh\u201d (IIanta Pei) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c phong ph\u00fa t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. L\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y do Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Rhys Davids tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u2026 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00ec hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt sanh di\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n nhau. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf v\u00e0i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean th\u00e2m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: Lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh. Ngay trong c\u00e1i t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh,[3] ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47as\u016btra): \u201cC\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft! b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n

KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 LU\u1eacT V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00c1T-NA V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1t-na v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stivav\u0101dins, v\u00ec n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p su\u1ed1t ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa n\u00f3i, \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d.[4] Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201cM\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d. Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa (b\u1ea3n kinh P\u0101li) n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft\u201d. B\u1edfi v\u00ec sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, t\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o sanh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh\u2026 Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 s\u00e1t-na v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 tri v\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c\u2026 Trong Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Madhy\u0101t\u0101nugama[5] v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy Th\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asa\u1e45ga) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh ra do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, khi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t theo sau\u201d. Nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i): \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda; khi t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh th\u00ec ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

SANH DI\u1ec6T V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong t\u1eebng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00ec hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau. Trong Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201csanh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u sanh di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e1ch khoa Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa Lu\u1eadn\u201d (Abhidharmamah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101\u015b\u0101stra) b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Sanskrit b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y 24 gi\u1edd c\u00f3 6.499.99.980.000.000 s\u00e1t-na (k\u1e63a\u1e47as); t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (skandhas) sanh di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na. Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m (Buddhagha\u1e63a)[6], ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Sri Lanka v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V sau CN, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o (p: visuddhi-magga). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111ang quay v\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1p xe v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngay c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 khi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang sanh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y xe ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1i xay n\u01b0\u1edbc quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o\u00a0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 quay quanh tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn sanh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t (utp\u0101da, sthiti, jan\u0101, nirodha). Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 xoay v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (Sarv\u0101stitvav\u0101dins), theo thuy\u1ebft Duy th\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sanh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia ba th\u1eddi: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. Theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbng (catur-lak\u1e63a\u1e47a). Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: (1) Sanh, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; (2) Tr\u1ee5, c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngay khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a sanh; (3) D\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t; (4) Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i do hai v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (Sarv\u0101stitvav\u0101dins) \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00f2n Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 (Sautr\u0101ntikas) th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p theo quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ef0 T\u00c1NH V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG (T\u00c1NH KH\u00d4NG)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam tr\u00f4i qua ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y b\u00fat Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101) \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u01b0 v\u00f4 hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cm\u1ecdi v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. Theo s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp (Kum\u0101raj\u012bva) qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Trung\u00a0 lu\u1eadn[7] c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a\u00a0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng (\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u1ebd r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d.[8] H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ph\u00e1t sinh ra d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. B\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u201cN\u00e9t ph\u00e1t h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00ean c\u00f3 trong tay, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Suzuki, m\u1ed9t Tri\u1ebft gia uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng-\u015a\u016bnyat\u0101 trong phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c. T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng mang ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (anitya) hay duy\u00ean (prat\u012bya). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t hay h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eacN TH\u1ee8C V\u1ec0 LU\u1eacT V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG C\u1ee6A V\u0168 TR\u1ee4 L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi ngay ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ch\u00fang sanh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o sinh linh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng d\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn\u00a0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u201cn\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3.\u25a0<\/p>\n

\n

[1]. Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n; s:\u00a0 tri-dharma-mudr\u0101; e: three seals of the dharma.<\/p>\n

[2]. Heraclitus (\u1f29\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 Her\u00e1kleitos (544 TCN \u2013 483 TCN): l\u00e0\u00a0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 130 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[3]. Gi\u1ea3 danh, danh ng\u00f4n t\u1eadp kh\u00ed (s: upac\u0101ra).<\/p>\n

[4]. Ph\u00e1p nh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

[5]. Thu\u1eadn trung lu\u1eadn (Madhy\u0101nt\u0101nus\u0101ra-\u015b\u0101stra), 2 quy\u1ec3n, B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 L\u01b0u-chi (Praj\u00f1\u0101ruci) d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

[6]. Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m \u4f5b\u97f3; C: f\u00f3y\u012bn; J: button; S: buddhagho\u1e63a; P: buddhagosa; tk. 4; M\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (p: therav\u0101da). S\u01b0 sinh trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u1ea1i Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0 (Magadha), g\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh (Bodh-gay\u0101). Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, S\u01b0 theo\u00a0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111i T\u00edch Lan h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 Ba-la (p: sa\u1e45ghap\u0101la thera). S\u01b0 vi\u1ebft 19 b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1\u00a0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng (s, p: vinayapi\u1e6daka) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0 B\u1ed9 kinh (p: nik\u0101ya). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o (p: visuddhi-magga), tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 (p: mah\u0101vih\u0101ra) trong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[7]. Trung lu\u1eadn \u4e2d\u8ad6; C: zh\u014dngl\u00f9n; J: ch\u016bron; S: madhyamaka-\u015b\u0101stra, 4 quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Long Th\u1ee5. Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Thanh M\u1ee5c (\u9752\u76ee; s: Pingala), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01b0u-ma La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 409 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n (\u4e2d\u89c0\u6d3e).<\/p>\n

[8]. D\u0129 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1. Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh…. \u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u7fa9\u6545\u00a0 \u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5f97\u6210, \u82e5\u7121\u7a7a\u7fa9\u8005\u00a0 \u4e00\u5207\u5247\u4e0d\u6210\u00a0 K\u1ec7 14,\u00a0 Qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, Ph\u1ea9m 24<\/p>\n

Sarvam ca yujyate tasya \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 yasya yujyate |<\/p>\n

sarvam na yujyate tasya \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 yasya na yujyate || MMK_24,14<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n T\u1eadp San Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n 71<\/p>\n

———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \/\u00a0<\/strong>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t (s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o), nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.\u00a0 Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean…<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Hy l\u1ea1p, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1eb3ng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc. M\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n; qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Thales. Thales th\u00e0nh Miletos (kho\u1ea3ng 624 TCN \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 546 TCN), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt mang t\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song. H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t x\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Pythagoras. Pythagoras (sinh kho\u1ea3ng 580 \u0111\u1ebfn 572 TCN, m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 490 TCN) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng 3 g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng 180\u00b0; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd mang t\u00ean \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Pythagoras. M\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau, Euclid (kho\u1ea3ng 330-275 TCN) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc; m\u1edbi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch C\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u00f4n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Qua hai \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1eb3ng Euclid, trong nh\u00f3m ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra…<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c, Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed (551 \u2013 479 TCN) m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Th\u1eadp D\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh D\u1ecbch. Kinh D\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00c2m D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t hoang s\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong r\u1eebng, c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm l\u00e1 trong tay, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u201cL\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng hay l\u00e1 trong n\u1eafm tay ta nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n?\u201d C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, l\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e1 trong tay Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp: \u201c\u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng, so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm l\u00e1 trong tay ta v\u00e0 l\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng.” \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o. Tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng theo tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Linh h\u1ed3n… Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i (v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3) b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, khi gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; v\u1ec1 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Quy lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, quy lu\u1eadt V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, Gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 L\u1eeda (B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i). V\u1edbi Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 S\u1eafc. S\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 n\u0103m d\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, thanh \u00e2m, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng qua n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. B\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi S\u1eafc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 duy. H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m \u00fd ch\u00ed. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c. S\u1eafc, T\u00e2m ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ba Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n, l\u00e0: V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5. D\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1n Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u00e1o l\u00fd M\u01b0\u1eddi hai Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3,… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, bao g\u1ed3m: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 Quy lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, quy lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p), Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00fang sinh, cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i (khi \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Ba Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, theo tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, quy lu\u1eadt V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 xin h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3, th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i T\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0—————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

2\/\u00a0<\/strong>Trong Kinh Culasaccaka c\u1ee7a Trung B\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng gi\u1eefa \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 du s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Saccaka. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Saccaka \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0: m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng hay th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sinh ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t; c\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec d\u00f9 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi Saccaka r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i vua x\u1ee9 Kosala hay Magadha c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh hay quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? Saccaka ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta r\u1eb1ng: Khi \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m u\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng, h\u1eb3n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang? H\u1eb3n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u00a0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y? Saccaka \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai, sinh ra r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o; \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau vi tr\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng sinh m\u1edbi, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho si\u00eau vi tr\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau vi tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh; n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng khoa h\u1ecdc y t\u1ebf v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ngu ng\u1ed1c. Tham \u0111\u1eafm, si m\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ngu ng\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c luy\u1ec7n \u0111an, t\u00ecm thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. M\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ai c\u1eadp, Hy L\u1ea1p, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng u m\u00ea, v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, luy\u1ec7n \u0111an t\u00ecm thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt Gi\u1ea3 Kim. Thu\u1eadt ngu ng\u1ed1c n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n \u0111an \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thu\u1ef7 Ng\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt di\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t \u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5c m\u01a1 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn ngu ng\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham \u0111\u1eafm, l\u00e0 si m\u00ea. Cho n\u00ean luy\u1ec7n \u0111an tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim t\u00ecm v\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt Gi\u1ea3 Kim l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i; c\u00f9ng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed8C trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thu\u1ef7 Ng\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 L\u00fd Th\u1ebf D\u00e2n, v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 anh em k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Th\u00e0y \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Trang; c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft do ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c Kim \u0111an. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng th\u00ec quy lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t G\u0101ius J\u016blius Caesar (kho\u1ea3ng 100-44 TCN) l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p, B\u1eafc \u00dd, B\u1ec9, T\u00e2y Th\u1ee5y S\u0129,… ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 x\u1ee9 Britannia (55 TCN) n\u01a1i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean l\u00e3o v\u00e0 phe ph\u00e1i qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c La M\u00e3 thu\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem Caesar nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh d\u00e0nh uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u binh bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ebft l\u1ef5, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean l\u00e3o, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e0n ly. Ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 44 TCN, t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t Pompey, khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng giao tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho Vi\u1ec7n Nguy\u00ean L\u00e3o. Caesar \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ed1ng trong tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh. Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi huy ho\u00e0ng, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00f4n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c; ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y Vinh quang nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu Ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c; ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Hay m\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Caesar; bao g\u1ed3m Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1edf Iraq, Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u0111i chinh ph\u1ee5c. Gi\u1eadn d\u1eef khi ch\u01b0a chinh ph\u1ee5c xong. C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eadn d\u1eef tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a. Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1227, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb d\u00e3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y khi chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y H\u1ea1. Khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng 65 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch, nhi\u1ec1u huy ho\u00e0ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c; l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec1u toan t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00edt ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 an b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf. V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Saccaka ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c. L\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 (th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1) th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f3; bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Kh\u1ed5. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i. V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 nua v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, \u0111e do\u1ea1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thi\u00ean tai, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i, r\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfn tranh… \u0111ang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra; \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i T\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0—————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

3\/\u00a0<\/strong>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3, v\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, hay s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ea1t\u00a0 th\u00f3c gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng cho ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o tr\u1eafng ng\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin cho s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sinh ra, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i (V\u00f4 thu\u1ef7, V\u00f4 chung); m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau; tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh\u00a0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i T\u00f4i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u0169ng V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111ang xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh n\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u01a1n ra h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd (v\u1eadt l\u00fd), qua c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7? L\u1ebd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u01b0 duy logic l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 phi logic. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u ri\u00eang. Theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 duy logic khoa h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1eadt l\u00fd, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,… th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3i th\u00ec th\u00e8m \u0103n, sinh l\u1ef1c tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00ec th\u00e8m d\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i s\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u00edch b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh,… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,… kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m. Ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 cho T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0: “khoan \u0103n, ch\u1eadm u\u1ed1ng, ch\u1edb v\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m; song ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e2n”. Ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf. Ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n. Ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 leo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean b\u1eadc thang danh v\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eadm m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng. \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: ” Tu th\u00e2n, t\u1ec1 gia, tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1”. \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf c\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd, theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3; theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,… \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd. N\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00f4i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9: h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2n o\u00e1n,… l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ed3i n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb che m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, (nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi) n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1ea7m D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1ea7m Qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, Chi\u1ebfc Lexus v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u00d4 liu, Thomas L.Friemdman c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1998, \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Bharatiya Janata v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m V\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Friemdman \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ngay sau cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m di\u1ec5n ra. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m; m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd coi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu ng\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hindu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c: s\u1ef1 K\u00ednh n\u1ec3! Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, Friemdman v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Dasna, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc New Delhi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai \u0111i gi\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5y da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 xe h\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: “Cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t s\u00fang l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Ch\u1ea3 h\u1ea1i ai c\u1ea3”. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9! \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd Nga, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd M\u1ef9, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd Trung Qu\u1ed1c,… v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00f4i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i…<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00f3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng,… khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u sai n\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh. T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu Ph\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u00fac h\u01a1n; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n L\u00fd l\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia; v\u00e0 ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau th\u00ec T\u1eeb bi n\u1edf hoa. Chia s\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c ngay trong s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u00fac v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch trang nghi\u00eam, tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i tham c\u00e1i s\u00e2n c\u00e1i si d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t b\u1ecf, uy t\u00edn r\u1ea5t cao,… v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i do m\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ra. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p! Nh\u01b0ng \u01a1 k\u00eca. T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp ra T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi ch\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ph\u00e1p c\u0169, v\u1edbi t\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t?… T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf? L\u00f2ng T\u1eeb bi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! V\u00e0 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh. N\u00f3 cao si\u00eau l\u1eafm. N\u00f3 c\u00e0ng cao si\u00eau th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m. N\u00f3 cao si\u00eau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i. Nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh cao si\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0y Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. Th\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eef H\u00e1n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh, m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0n kinh, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n. Th\u00e0y h\u1ecd L\u00f4, sinh trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, cha m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, l\u1edbn l\u00ean gi\u00fap m\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1n c\u1ee7i. Th\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, trong l\u00fac b\u00e1n c\u1ee7i, nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ee5ng kinh Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u00e0y b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kinh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn, Th\u00e0y li\u1ec1n t\u00ecm h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn (T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m) nh\u1eadn ra ngay c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p ngay, b\u1eaft ch\u1ebb c\u1ee7i, vo g\u1ea1o. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng qua \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft k\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e0y Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc m\u1edbi d\u00e1m l\u00e0m. Th\u00e0y Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, so s\u00e1nh th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i lo lau ch\u00f9i, gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng. Th\u00e0y Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ebfp, nghe l\u1ecfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i k\u1ec7. Th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p \u00fd m\u00ecnh, Th\u00e0y li\u1ec1n nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e2y,<\/p>\n

g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a nay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt,<\/p>\n

n\u01a1i n\u00e0o d\u00ednh b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n

Nghe b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn bi\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 di h\u1ea1i n\u00ean n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn kinh Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e2u “\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu n\u01a1i n\u00e0o” Th\u00e0y tho\u00e1t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9. T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m truy\u1ec1n y b\u00e1t cho Th\u00e0y v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. Khi ti\u1ec5n Th\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n, T\u1ed5 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 ch\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0a sang s\u00f4ng, Th\u00e0y b\u00e8n n\u00f3i: “khi m\u00ea th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9” v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e8o qua s\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, \u00edt va ch\u1ea1m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i sinh l\u00fd trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u00e2m linh cao si\u00eau, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9? S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y!<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0—————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n

4\/<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba, qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1 s\u1ef9 s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, Vincent Willem van Gogh (1853 – 1890), m\u1ed9t danh ho\u1ea1 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1eadu \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i D\u00e3 th\u00fa (Fauvism) nh\u01b0 Henri Matisse v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Die Br\u00fccke. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Van Gogh. N\u0103m 2004, trong Danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (De Grootste Nederlander) do \u0111\u00e0i KRO t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, Vincent van Gogh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 10 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao th\u1ee9 2 trong danh s\u00e1ch. Di s\u1ea3n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0: Ch\u00e2n dung B\u00e1c s\u0129 Gachet, Ch\u00e2n dung t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1, Hoa di\u00ean v\u0129, Ch\u00e2n dung m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec,… Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vinh quang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi sau khi ho\u1ea1 s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. C\u00f2n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat may m\u1eafn, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em trai l\u00e0 Theo, m\u1ed9t T\u00ecnh anh em, m\u1ed9t T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n cao c\u1ea3. Theo th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n Theo g\u1eedi cho \u0111\u1ec3 mua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ebd tranh. B\u00e1nh m\u1ef3, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1886, Van Gogh vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Theo k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng nh\u1edb m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n th\u1ecbt n\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3… Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Van Gogh, c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n tranh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi tranh l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, \u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u1ebd tranh theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00ednh hai s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 t\u1edbi m\u00e3i ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh T\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng C\u00e1i t\u00f4i khi \u00f4ng v\u1ebd tranh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch, c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt khi \u00f4ng v\u1ebd tranh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong c\u00e2y c\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m toan. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu, khung c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu nghe theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd tranh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. B\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn Di s\u1ea3n cho ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ec1 thi s\u1ef9 L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch (701- 762). L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 Trung Hoa n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu b\u1ed1i t\u00f4n l\u00e0m Thi Ti\u00ean. V\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 H\u00e1n, l\u00ean l\u1ea7u Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1c u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh. Thi \u0110\u00e0n th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00edn th\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u01a1 Ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c thi s\u1ef9 t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 t\u1edbi kim th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01a1. \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0, th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0nh c\u1ea7m b\u00fat vi\u1ebft: “Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra l\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01a1 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u”. K\u1ebb s\u1ef9 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhau, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bao la, kh\u00f3i m\u00e2y m\u1ecbt m\u00f9ng, ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n m\u1edd \u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1c l\u00e2u; Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t C\u00e1i T\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y. L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0o, v\u00ec C\u00e1i T\u00f4i c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 C\u00e1i T\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7u \u0111ang s\u1eebng s\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7. B\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb s\u1ef9 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01a1! B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau. Xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Trong Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, th\u01a1 ca, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh,… ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 khi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec n\u1ed5i danh, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u,… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ngu xu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau. Kh\u00e1t khao y\u00eau, th\u00ec T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau s\u1ebd tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n chia. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau \u0111i v\u00e0o trong im l\u1eb7ng. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trong su\u1ed1t. C\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o qua \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tinh hoa k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft tinh. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh doanh, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a Bill Gates, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Microsoft. IT, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. IT, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. IT l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao. Bill Gates v\u00e0 Microsoft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n theo IT, m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Microsoft Windows (Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98 SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP (SP1, SP2, SP3), Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7; v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Microsoft Office;… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng minh. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng minh l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u1edbi IT. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00ednh T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi IT \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Bill Gates v\u00e0 Microsoft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn lao trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111am m\u00ea kinh doanh, n\u1ebfu \u0111am m\u00ea kinh doanh, \u0111am m\u00ea ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Donald Trump. Mr. Trump \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u01a1, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch v\u1ebd tranh. C\u00f2n Donald n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e0ng l\u1eddi c\u00e0ng hay\u201d. Mr. Trump kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kinh doanh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng kinh doanh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh The Apprentice m\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e3ng NBC. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f9n trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thi s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 Hoa h\u1eadu Ho\u00e0n v\u0169, Hoa h\u1eadu M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Hoa h\u1eadu tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi Donald Trump, kinh doanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111am m\u00ea, m\u1ed9t th\u00fa vui. Bill, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Microsoft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 IT. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Microsoft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh chung thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng s\u1ebd t\u1edbi theo sau. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nhau. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau t\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 \u0111i. B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 \u0111i, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

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5\/\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng 9 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ee9ng trong h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, t\u1eb7ng em b\u00e9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh, mong r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap em \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng em b\u00e9, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, b\u1ecf c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t ch\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u0110\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng”. R\u1ed3i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, em b\u00e9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111ang x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng. 9 tu\u1ed5i. Em b\u00e9 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao em b\u00e9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1edf b\u00ean trong. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng Nagasena \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vua Milinda trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nghi v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i. Vua h\u1ecfi Nagasena: “Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u00e1i sinh, th\u00ec anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft, hay kh\u00e1c?” Nagasena tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c… N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng?” “C\u00f3 th\u1ec3.” “Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y trong canh m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y trong canh hai, canh ba,… canh cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng?” “Kh\u00f4ng” “Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n canh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c, ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n canh hai kh\u00e1c,… v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n canh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c?” “Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e1y su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam”.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, hai c\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Linh h\u1ed3n. H\u1ecd v\u00ed Linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t, h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 m\u1eb7t. Linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u1ea1ch, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i bi b\u00f4i b\u1ea9n. C\u00f3 Linh h\u1ed3n gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 Linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ebb. Linh h\u1ed3n gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng. Linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u00edt m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Xin h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd, T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i C\u00e1 t\u00ednh. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, n\u00f3 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen, do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, do n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, do lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia,… Khi sinh ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Khi sinh ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u00e1ng, trong s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm s\u1eafc h\u01a1n theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. Theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng C\u00e1 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c lu m\u1edd. Tu t\u1eadp T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 C\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi nguy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh, T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 vi\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, C\u00e1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf h\u00e0nh. Ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3c d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf h\u00e0nh, T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00f3 T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 trong H\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1 s\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860 – 1900), m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 M\u00f9a thu v\u00e0ng hay R\u1eebng b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Levitan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 Nga n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 phong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n Nga. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Claude Monet (1840 \u2013 1926) l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u01b0: \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc, C\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng hoa M\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n Argenteuil, Camill Monet v\u00e0 con trai Jean,… R\u1ed3i v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1860,\u00a0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 tr\u1ebb cho r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng do c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf Paris quanh Claude Monet. H\u1ecd v\u1ebd tranh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, theo m\u1eabu s\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu t\u00f3m nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tho\u00e1ng qua c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebd trong x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ecd thu nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb phong c\u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Georges Braque (1882 – 1963) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Pablo Picasso, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i L\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng giao v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh…<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i L\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i H\u1eadu \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Claude Monet, Vincent Willem van Gogh, Pablo Picasso,… h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y sinh. T\u1eeb T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n vi\u1ebft n\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1edb t\u00ean nh\u1eefng Albert Einstein, Thales, Euclid, P<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf t\u1ea7m cao nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea7m T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, T\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 s\u1ebd t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

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6\/\u00a0<\/strong>Chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng; c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 giam gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng Tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.”<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh thi ca c\u1ee7a Osho:<\/p>\n

“To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111ang rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng \u0111ang ho\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhau. Cho n\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng… Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau… \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft, \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t? V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.”<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m nay. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y. Thi\u00ean tai, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n, b\u0103ng tan,… \u0111ang li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh thi ca gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi T\u00ecnh y\u00eau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2011.<\/p>\n

\n

Xin b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, b\u00e0i n\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y; xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi Qu\u00fd vi. Nam m\u00f4 B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e0u Ni Ph\u1eadt. Nam m\u00f4 Ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Ma ha t\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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T\u1ea1i Sao Trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ec1 C\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebfn \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt; v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ma ch\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111i v\u00e0o ma \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf ra; m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa \u201cLu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i\u201d m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hay th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng\u201d ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n! Do v\u1eady, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xoay quanh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y h\u00e3y c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u!<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt; v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ma ch\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111i v\u00e0o ma \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf ra; m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa \u201cLu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i\u201d m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf th\u00ec T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean, Nghi\u1ec7p, Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i\u2026 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 45 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi r\u00f2ng r\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng\u201d (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt T\u00e1nh\u201d \u1edf trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch lau ch\u00f9i, g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u, bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt cung \u1ee9ng cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch lau ch\u00f9i, g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda \u1ea5y!<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, cao s\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cao xa, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay suy t\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec mong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh sinh t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nay nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cch\u01a1n ngh\u0129a\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft: Ch\u00fang sinh v\u00ec V\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e3y sinh ra c\u00f3 \u201cv\u1ecdng t\u00e2m\u201d (v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t), v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c) m\u00e0 r\u1eddi c\u00f5i Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m (s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed7 \u201ckh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Big Bang) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sinh m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i (th\u1ea5y, nghe, hay, bi\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1edbn l\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan; c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec do th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u1ea5y bao ph\u1ee7, g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u201cT\u00e2m v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt\u201d, v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u201cT\u00e2m\u201d \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1eadt t\u00ednh\u201d m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c (th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta [v\u00f4 ng\u00e3]); v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, hay nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u. Th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo \u201cb\u1ea3n n\u0103ng sinh t\u1ed3n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u\u201d ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft, h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t, h\u01a1n thua, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1eabn nhau. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1i ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0103n ngon m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec ta th\u00edch, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u00ec ta gi\u00e0nh, ta chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t; c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u\u2026 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i cho ba \u0111\u1ed9c \u201ctham, s\u00e2n, si\u201d ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tham m\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, hay chi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u1ed7i s\u00e2n, n\u1ed7i s\u00e2n qu\u00e1 th\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean si m\u00ea m\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 sinh ra t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i: V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng; Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 sinh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t; Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n [v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng]. Ch\u00fang sinh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1eeb th\u00e2n x\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ef1t trong cu\u1ed9c m\u01b0u sinh, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam kh\u1ed5 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5!<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3: Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o. Do kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i \u201cquay \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d (H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb ng\u1ea1n) ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cg\u00e2y nh\u00e2n \u00e1c\u201d, tu h\u00e0nh hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u201cgi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt\u201d (ng\u01b0ng hay gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u201cs\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng\u201d); c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t hay t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u201ctham, s\u00e2n, si\u201d; V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3); t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ecdng t\u00e2m\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta (c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3); th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ta luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta. Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u00e2m th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y A-nan, b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00f3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh. Trong th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, n\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng leo chuy\u1ec1n b\u00ean trong (nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a). Khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan m\u1edf ra, th\u00ec n\u00f3 rong ru\u1ed7i theo tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00fat xi\u1ec1ng, ng\u1ef1a tong chu\u1ed3ng). R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u0103ng x\u0103ng b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3, cho l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t phen ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao kh\u1ecfi m\u00ea l\u1ea7m cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00e2m \u1edf trong th\u00e2n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai s\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1eadt trong Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3<\/em>\u201d. \u00a0(Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a VI-VII, HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa, trang 51)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 qua 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9: B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed, Tr\u00ec Gi\u1edbi, Tinh T\u1ea5n, Nh\u1eabn Nh\u1ee5c, Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 37 ph\u1ea9m \u201ctr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc (T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i).<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c, khen ch\u00ea l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 th\u1eed nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e3i c\u00e2u \u201cNam m\u00f4 A-Di-\u0110\u00e0-Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u0111i; ni\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 V\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m; hay ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 th\u1eed ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt trong 7 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n\u201d s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ngay T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ma qu\u1ef7 v\u00ec trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7; v\u00e0 ngay trong Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ma Ba Tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 \u1ea4m Ma<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh ma r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sanh t\u00e2m t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0m con, th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng \u00edt. V\u1eady c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m ch\u00fa nghe, ta s\u1ebd ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (PHPT VI-VII, Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, trang 269)<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1edfi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ma kia th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, sanh t\u00e2m lo s\u1ee3 cho b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5u h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng\u2026..<\/em><\/p>\n

Ma \u0110\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ma y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi trong t\u00e1m mu\u00f4n gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u1edd t\u00e2m \u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u00fang ma n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 tan gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng quan l\u1edbn b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c, gia t\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch th\u00e2u, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (PHPT VI-VII, Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, trang 270)<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec, qua \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ma s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Cho n\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i ma quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0169 \u1ea5m ma\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd h\u01a1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong khi ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: \u201cT\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026\u201d t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta cao qu\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng hay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0129 nh\u00e2n\u201d, l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 con, l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1eadt\u201d thay th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu \u201cch\u1ea5p\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd \u201ctr\u00fang\u201d v\u00e0o k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ma. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u00e1i \u201cng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u1edbn l\u00ean r\u1ed3i (\u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n)! Ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo s\u1ef1 \u201cng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n\u201d \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a ma. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ea1o theo sau l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, l\u00e0 ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u201cmu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00f5 l\u00e2m\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u201cnh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1o \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do ma h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u201cT\u1ea9u h\u1ecfa nh\u1eadp ma\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a ma! Cho n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00e3y d\u00ecm c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Ta, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n ai k\u00e9m th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0n t\u1ec9 n\u0103m \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd M\u1ea1ng T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u201ckh\u1ed1i chung\u201d, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201cT\u00e2m Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t\u201d. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec T\u00e2m Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y m\u00e0 thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang sinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u201cv\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau r\u1eddi c\u00f5i Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m (do V\u00f4 Minh) \u0111i v\u00e0o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u trong Kinh Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Kinh Kim Cang: \u201cNg\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edbng, Nh\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edbng, Ch\u00fang sinh T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd M\u1ea1ng T\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d!<\/p>\n

Tu l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng oan tr\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea5n quanh m\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u1eefa. Khi th\u00e1o g\u1ee1, l\u1ed9t h\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh Tr\u00ed, Kh\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Ph\u00e1p T\u00e1nh hay Y\u00eam-Ma-La-Th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfu soi\u201d theo \u201cb\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c minh di\u1ec7u\u201d v\u1eady!<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

-Khi t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00e1i tr\u00ed quang s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n ra. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m \u00f4ng v\u1eeba t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfu soi, bao tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i xem c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trong chi\u00eam bao. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i th\u00ec n\u00e0ng Ma \u0110\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9ng kia l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u1eaft \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (LN, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, trang 235).<\/p>\n

-B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft “Sanh t\u1eed v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng h\u00f4m qua, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 (Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a VIII, HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa, trang 56).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u201cm\u00ea\u201d ch\u00fang sinh r\u1eddi Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ch\u01a1i trong c\u00f5i Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed, v\u00e0 khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u01a1i \u201cgi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 qua m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n

-N\u00e0y Thi\u1ec7n nam! Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t kim kho\u00e1ng, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u l\u1ecdc, b\u1ecf h\u1ebft qu\u1eb7ng r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n v\u00e0ng y, ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u1ea5u l\u1ecdc m\u1edbi sanh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia r\u1ed3i; v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh qu\u1eb7ng n\u1eefa, d\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.<\/em>\u00a0 (Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, trang 70).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i thu\u1edf xa x\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu thu\u1edf x\u01b0a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u201cv\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi c\u00f5i Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m; th\u00ec nay ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb khi mang th\u00e2n x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong c\u00f5i Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u201cd\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u201d T\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201cTa\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201ch\u01a1n\u201d n\u1eefa hay ta kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3) m\u00e0 \u201cTa\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u201cvi\u00ean dung\u201d tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh trong th\u1eddi gian \u201cv\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d trong c\u00f5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, Kh\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0 lai T\u1ea1ng, Ch\u01a1n Nh\u01b0 hay B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1…<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta khi r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng khi ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1eb7c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, c\u00e0ng \u0111i xa c\u00e0ng mang th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, g\u00e2y l\u1eafm \u00e2n o\u00e1n. Khi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1eebng m\u00f3n, l\u1ed9t t\u1eebng l\u1edbp \u00e1o, tr\u1ea3 t\u1eebng \u00e2n o\u00e1n n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 khi h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eeba v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n tinh r\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Tri Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt!<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i sau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cT\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ea3o,\u00a06\/9\/2011.<\/p>\n

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TINH TH\u1ea6N V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 TRONG \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt ai ai c\u0169ng nghe qua hai ch\u1eef \u2018v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u2019, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00edt c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u2018v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u1ea7y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u2018ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3\u2019 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u2018ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu\u2019 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00ec v\u1ed9 ng\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u2018kh\u00f4ng\u2019 c\u00f2n ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u2018t\u00f4i\u2019. V\u1eady \u2018v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u2019 hay \u2018c\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c\u2019 theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i duy\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t – \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y b\u1ecb k\u00e9m khuy\u1ebft hay thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh!<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 hai nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. D\u00f9 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e3 hay l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng rau qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra! Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng hay k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean hay k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf ra m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 trong t\u1eebng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo tinh nth\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u2018c\u1ed1ng cao ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1ng\u2019 c\u00f2n theo t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1ch l\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta c\u01b0 x\u1eed h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Hai ch\u1eef khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1ng cao ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o sinh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o sinh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt; n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018g\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng\u2019 v\u1eady! Tuy nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u2018h\u1ee3p l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u2019. Trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thu g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thu g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong sinh ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang cho gi\u1edbi t\u00ec kheo v\u00e0 ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong Ban Tr\u1ecb S\u1ef1. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7m trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n hay b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7m, khi th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 h\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebft bao kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng b\u00f3 tay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y th\u00eam s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n hay b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed1ng cao ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, coi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1edbn qu\u00e1, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh vi, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 theo \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 quan, ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh am hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ee9 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu trong tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc trong h\u00e0nh vi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Ch\u1ee7 quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hay, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u01b0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1 chua cay v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng n\u1ecd: \u2018Sau khi h\u1ecd tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kho\u00e1 tu, h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i!\u2019 D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trung th\u1ef1c 100%; tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; ng\u1eb7t n\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u2018bi\u1ebft\u2019 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u2018bi\u1ebft\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u2018t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u2019 n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u00f4i th\u00f4i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ee7 quan, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u2018bi\u1ebft\u2019 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec! Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u2019 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ai h\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 qua l\u00e0 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1ee1, t\u1eeb \u2018gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0\u2019, hay t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n! V\u1eady th\u00ec trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u2018vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u2019 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu hay nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1edf tr\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u2018t\u00f4i\u2019 th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c?<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o g\u00e2y ra do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Trong sinh ho\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau khi l\u00eca tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec h\u0103ng say v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u00ean c\u00e1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ra trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u1ecfi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi noi theo? Xem ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sao cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n trong t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh. T\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

Dai tang kinh vietnam<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 L\u00c0 NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i d\u1ec5 \u0111i, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eb3n hoi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u1ea1i T\u00e2m. Tu h\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m \u1ea5y m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i m\u00e3i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta c\u1ee9 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn l\u00e0m cho tr\u1ec5 n\u00e3i, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, sa ng\u00e3, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1ee5c c\u0103n l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n xen v\u00e0o k\u00e9o lui ba b\u01b0\u1edbc. Mu\u1ed1n tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00f3 xen v\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o: \u0110\u1ec3 ta \u0103n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta ng\u1ee7 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta coi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta nghe c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3. C\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y tai h\u1ecda. Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ta c\u00e0ng to c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u1ea1i va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ta. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng th\u00eanh thang m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i Ta n\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m nhau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1ed7i ng\u1ea3, khi c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eebng b\u00f4ng hoa… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u1eddn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a xem hoa \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gia t\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a xem hoa \u0111\u00f3? Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 h\u00f9a theo s\u1ef1 khen ch\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho n\u00ean d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kinh, tu h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n u\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i d\u1ec5 \u0111i, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eb3n hoi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u1ea1i T\u00e2m. Tu h\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m \u1ea5y m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i m\u00e3i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta c\u1ee9 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn l\u00e0m cho tr\u1ec5 n\u00e3i, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, sa ng\u00e3, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1ee5c c\u0103n l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n xen v\u00e0o k\u00e9o lui ba b\u01b0\u1edbc. Mu\u1ed1n tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00f3 xen v\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o: \u0110\u1ec3 ta \u0103n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta ng\u1ee7 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta coi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ta nghe c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3. C\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y tai h\u1ecda. Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ta c\u00e0ng to c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u1ea1i va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ta. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng th\u00eanh thang m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i Ta n\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m nhau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1ed7i ng\u1ea3, khi c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n sau nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf h\u1ecfi:
\n– Ai \u0111\u00f3?
\n– T\u00f4i, Linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf h\u1ecfi:
\n– T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai?
\n– T\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf b\u1ea3o:
\n– \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 cho ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Linh h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y tr\u1edf lui v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n gian tu luy\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1eefa, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi g\u00f5 c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf h\u1ecfi: – Ai \u0111\u00f3?
\n\u0110\u00e1p: – T\u00f4i.
\n– T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai?
\n– T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i, Linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea5y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf li\u1ec1n m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng cho v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean cho ta th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i – c\u00f2n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i, m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec h\u1ebft ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p. V\u00ec ta v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng dung ng\u00e3. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng – v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u00e0o. Mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u1eeda Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng t\u01a1 t\u00f3c n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh l\u00fd n\u00e0o m\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, v\u1ec1 ta, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang theo v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i ta c\u00e0ng to th\u00ec c\u00e0ng xa Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u1ec5 h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 th\u00ec lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Duy Khoang: “\u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?” S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p: “\u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft” – “Sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y?”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: “V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111ang b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u00ecnh ta cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y” -” c\u00f2n H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: “H\u1ec5 c\u00f2n b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y” – “Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: “Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i, th\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ai h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u?”<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec ch\u1eafc Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1eb5n l\u00e0: “Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u01a1i ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ai h\u1ecfi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u? Sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eadn ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng tham \u00e1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm?”<\/p>\n

V\u1eady cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ba \u0111\u1ed9c tham, s\u00e2n, si do ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p g\u00e2y n\u00ean. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111\u1ed9c, gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i chung, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ri\u00eang. C\u00e1i chung l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ai tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ta con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n

“Ai c\u00f2n tham luy\u1ebfn (t\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ng\u00e3 \u00e1i ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i), th\u1eddi c\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ai kh\u00f4ng tham luy\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ai kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an. Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p (nati). Ai kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i. Ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sanh. Ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sanh, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”. (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh 4\/65, 1982)<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ed9” v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i”. Ch\u1eef “c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i” th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c tin, tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao, \u0111\u1ea5ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd r\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng tin. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ed9”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: ch\u00ednh v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ch\u00ecm trong bi\u1ec3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh t\u1eed. V\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng. Khi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eeb th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c, v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng d\u1ee9t m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1edd gi\u00e1c. Khi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f5i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 do duy\u00ean \u1edf ngo\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n “\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ee9t” v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi, x\u1ee9. D\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00fang l\u00f4i k\u00e9o. N\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u00f3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, chi ph\u1ed1i, th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n \u1edf gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ta l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi, x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n. Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: ph\u1ea3i, tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thua \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i duy\u00ean cho ta tu, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ea3. Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 s\u0129 luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc. Khi ch\u01b0a r\u1eafc ch\u1eafc th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb qu\u1eadt ng\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, khi ch\u01b0a thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec d\u1ec5 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu khi ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p ti\u00eau b\u1edbt, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 s\u01a1 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fat \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa. N\u00ean kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/em><\/strong>
\n Kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 n\u00e0o lay \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>
\n C\u0169ng v\u1eady gi\u1eefa khen ch\u00ea<\/em><\/strong>
\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa c\u00e2u 81)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u00e1i Tr\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.budsas.org<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/span><\/h1>\n

S\u00e1ch V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y (2004) c\u00f3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Kinh V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ai? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ai giam gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi giam gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta ch\u0103ng? Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i Ta (ng\u00e3) l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i Ta giam gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta th\u00ec ai ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta th\u00ec ai sinh, ai t\u1eed?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta, cho c\u00e1i Ta c\u00f3 th\u1eadt r\u1ed3i b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3. Khi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y h\u1ebft th\u00ec sinh t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111i t\u00ecm thu\u1ed1c. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh Nikaya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m (Agama). Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: Ng\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 ch\u00fang ta hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1 Ng\u00e3. Khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 Ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho l\u1eafm, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u khi b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong r\u1ea5t b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \u2018Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c hay nh\u1ea5t !\u2019 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 qua b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft gia hay h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t du t\u0103ng t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1eddi l\u1ebd trong \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n hoa cho l\u1eafm. K\u00ednh xin c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh th\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ee9c hoan h\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 cho.<\/p>\n

Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u1ea8n v\u00e2n l\u1ed9, th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1990
\nTh\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

KH\u1ed4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft minh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf. Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd duy t\u00e2m, duy th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 s\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec s\u1ebd s\u01b0\u1edbng, cho l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u1ed5, chung quy t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 g\u00ec th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec khi \u0111au r\u0103ng b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y th\u1eed ngh\u0129 s\u01b0\u1edbng xem, r\u0103ng c\u00f3 h\u1ebft \u0111au kh\u00f4ng? L\u1eeda n\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda xem tay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean qu\u1ea3. Duy t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 g\u00ec th\u00ec li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec khi b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3i, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf cung \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t gia t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o? B\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec l\u1ea7m cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi n\u00ean nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng x\u01b0a kia, ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ta v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i nay ta ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd gi\u00e2y kia t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t? \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y T\u1eeb Bi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y H\u00f9ng L\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd cho nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169. Ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a xong, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb7t ho\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, hay qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ngay n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t ch\u1eebng n\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00ec ai ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kinh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 n\u00eau ra ba ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n

Ba th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 Kh\u1ed5:\u00a0<\/strong>C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chung quanh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00eam bao c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i mang b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 con b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft, v.v…<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sung s\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. Ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ebb m\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, ta mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, ta mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i b\u00ean ta nh\u01b0ng t\u1eed th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ecd \u0111i.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5:\u00a0<\/strong>C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. Ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac y\u00ean th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt xung quanh lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ta bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebng gi\u1edd t\u1eebng ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ta lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ebft vui \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed3n, h\u1ebft lo \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee3, h\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn gh\u00e9t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n theo lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean tai, chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, v.v…<\/p>\n

T\u00e1m th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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1)\u00a0Sanh kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5: kh\u1ed5 trong l\u00fac sanh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. L\u00fac sanh th\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u1eb9 l\u1eabn con \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. L\u00fac s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u00e3u ki\u1ebfm k\u1ebf sinh nhai, l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0L\u00e3o kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac gi\u00e0, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hao m\u00f2n, suy k\u00e9m, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 lu m\u1edd, kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111au. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111au g\u00ec, t\u1eeb \u0111au l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 \u0111au r\u0103ng, nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nan y nh\u01b0 h\u1ee7i, lao, ung th\u01b0 v. v… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, r\u00ean si\u1ebft, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0T\u1eed kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00e0 con, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia ly v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e2n y\u00eau, \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0O\u1eafn t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t, hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch nhau m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, chung \u0111\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u, hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n th\u1ee7 kh\u1ed5:<\/strong>\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 do s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu, \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ba hay t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 x\u1eafp lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i .<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A KH\u1ed4<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi suy ngh\u0129, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n, tu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 hay M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, v.v… t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kia \u0111\u1ec3 tu cho mau gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ai ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng hay b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1eed ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a? Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch “\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n” t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/p>\n

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1\/ Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u00ecm t\u00f2i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng k\u00e9o t\u00e2m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh hay th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i .<\/p>\n

2\/ Xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gian li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i Ta (Ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i xu\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ng\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, b\u1ebf t\u1eafc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 minh, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 soi th\u1ee7ng n\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ra \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 (t\u1ee9c xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng).<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef nh\u01b0: T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec sao? Ai? C\u00e1i g\u00ec? v.v…<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c “gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao mu\u1ed1n tu h\u00e0nh?
\n<\/em>\u0110\u00e1p: V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?
\n<\/em>\u0110\u00e1p: V\u00ec kh\u1ed5?<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ai kh\u1ed5? Kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i g\u00ec?
\n<\/em>\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i kh\u1ed5. Kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft….<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ai sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft?
\n<\/em>\u0110\u00e1p: H\u1ecfi v\u1edb v\u1ea9n! T\u00f4i sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft ch\u1edb c\u00f2n ai v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1 sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft hay sao?<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ebf “T\u00f4i” l\u00e0 ai?
\n<\/em>\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u1edd…\u1edd …. \u01a1 …T\u00f4i! T\u00f4i l\u00e0 T\u00f4i!<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0: “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 T\u00f4i!” Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: “Ta l\u00e0 Ai ” ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i l\u00e0 T\u00f4i! ho\u1eb7c Ta l\u00e0 Ta!” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tu h\u00e0nh? Tu h\u00e0nh v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5! T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ed5? Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “Ta”. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “Ta” th\u00ec Ai kh\u1ed5? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ai kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec Ai c\u1ea7n tu h\u00e0nh, Ai mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “Ta” th\u00ec Ai sinh Ai t\u1eed?<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta (ng\u00e3) .<\/p>\n

Trong \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13), L\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u00f3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

<\/em>Ng\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n d\u1ea3, v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n,
\nC\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n, ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Ta s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n,
\nN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n (kh\u1ed5).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L\u00e3o t\u1eed cho x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng nay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i Ta (ng\u00e3) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i theo L\u00e3o t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n d\u1ea3, v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u00f4;
\nC\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 ng\u00f4, h\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n chi h\u1eefu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Ta s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3,
\nN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y ai ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, \u0111a s\u1ed1 cho l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ed9c: tham, s\u00e2n, si. Nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2u. Theo c\u1ea1n th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. Xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00ec\u00a0\u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. S\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng th\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. V\u00f4 minh th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 hai c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb hai c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 (Anatta) th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Khi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh (Sunyata) th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, b\u1eadc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nghi v\u1ea5n: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta, v\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta th\u00ec Ai ch\u1ee9ng A La H\u00e1n?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai h\u1ebft. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng A La H\u00e1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u00e2n, c\u00f2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, sau khi ch\u1ee9ng A La H\u00e1n, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, ng\u1ee7, ngh\u1ec9, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, v.v… Nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta. Khi \u0111i, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. Khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1t Ta (Siddharta) th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ba Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao tu h\u00e0nh, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u00ecnh .<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o: T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea7n, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. Trong \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u01b0: T\u00edch Lan, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t …<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf, v\u1eabn li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1ea1i xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, v.v… \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc: Trung Hoa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng…<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y? Xin cho b\u1ea1n hay v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean. Theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd”. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec: “Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem) l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u do Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i”. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p b\u1edfi l\u1eddi kinh, d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o (upaya) mi\u1ec5n sao \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Trong T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, n\u00f3i h\u1eb9p th\u00ec c\u00f3 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 84.000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, c\u0103n t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o cho ph\u1ea3i. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c. Ri\u00eang 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea khai trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh A-H\u00e0m v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng 84.000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00ec th\u00fa th\u1eadt, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y k\u00ea khai r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u1eadp Kinh hay Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean quy-y tam b\u1ea3o, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m g\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng minh, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ta th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

LI\u00caN H\u1ec6 TH\u1ea6Y TR\u00d2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed1 m\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean”. T\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u0111i h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft, bi\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb. Ch\u1eef th\u1ea7y, ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o th\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y. Theo trong lu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Di kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c sa ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y l\u00e0nh, ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y \u00e1c, ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00e1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n duy\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tu h\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u00e2m ra h\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u00fang? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed theo \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a mua vui, t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp t\u00e1n ng\u1eabu, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfm ch\u00fat ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea5n nguy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gia h\u1ed9 cho b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Khi nghe danh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed9i v\u00e3, h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t. Theo trong quy\u1ec3n “S\u1ef1 S\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ng\u0169 th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng” (Gurupancasika) , t\u1ee9c 50 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u00e3 Minh (Asvaghosa) th\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1\/ Gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh.
\n2\/ Tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng.
\n3\/ C\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.
\n4\/ Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed trong ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.
\n5\/ C\u00f3 t\u00e2m ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 trong l\u00fac d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.
\n6\/ C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh Lu\u1eadn.
\n7\/ Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.
\n8\/ Bi\u1ebft t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.
\n9\/ C\u00f3 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ea1i bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed.
\n10\/ H\u1ebft l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0m m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, giai c\u1ea5p.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn, nh\u1edd t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u0103n l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y mau \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u00e0 xin l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed .<\/p>\n

Trong quy\u1ec3n “\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n”, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Kim Cang Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 Du Gi\u00e0” (Guru Yoga). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng (Tantrayana) n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i gi\u00f2ng, ch\u1ec9 xin n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u00e0 trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u1ecb B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong Kim Cang Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Kim Cang Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ta quy-y hay th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y B\u1ed5n S\u01b0. Ch\u1eef B\u1ed5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u01b0a th\u00edch, k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n S\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1ed5n S\u01b0”.<\/p>\n

Theo Kim Cang Th\u1eeba, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho ta gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh th\u00ec v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 (rtsa ba’i lama). Ch\u1eef B\u1ed5n (rtsa ba) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7y B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, quy-y … V\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed: “Ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i”. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “l\u00fd t\u00e1nh B\u1ed5n S\u01b0”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 th\u00ec th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu xem v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu xem v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu y theo tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu xem v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu y theo tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u1ea7y B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kim Cang Th\u1eeba. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c xem v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a? N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u1eadp th\u1eed \u0111i. N\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m. M\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n th\u0103m h\u1ecfi, l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ta hoan h\u1ef7 cung k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00e0o b\u1ecb th\u1ea7y la m\u1eafng khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch th\u00ec t\u00e2m ta phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t th\u1ea7y. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, c\u1ed1ng cao ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n, ph\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

1\/ S\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.
\n2\/ S\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n.
\n3\/ S\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

S\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc (siddhi).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft th\u00eam bao nhi\u00eau n\u1eefa cho \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u1eafm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, v\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 gieo duy\u00ean (connexion karmique) v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i. V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i bi, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ta, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u hay mau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadn ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sao ta ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y? N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ee5ng kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Khi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u00edn m\u00f9i, th\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn”.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a kia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0: X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, Ca Di\u1ebfp, A Nan, v.v… c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 mau \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp l\u00e2u xa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gieo duy\u00ean v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m anh em, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n, th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t h\u1edd h\u1eefng v\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00e1nh ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u00edt ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y, cung k\u00ednh, h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n t\u00e1nh hay \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m, ganh t\u1ecb, n\u00ean ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1ed3ng con, \u00edt c\u00f3 tham v\u1ea5n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y l\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00f4 minh, u m\u00ea t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y l\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o m\u1edbi mong gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/p>\n

Sabbe sankhara anicca
\nSabbe sankhara dukkha
\nSabbe dhamma anatta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng
\nCh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5
\nCh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ba c\u00e2u tr\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0Ti-lakkhana<\/strong><\/em>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, tam t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

* Sabbe sankhara anicca<\/strong>, ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e0nh (sankhara) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (anicca) t\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, sinh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u00edt khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>“. Th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng qu\u00fd l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai tinh vi h\u01a1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, ghi nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “s\u00e1t na v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>“, t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sinh di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na, t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a tay c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u1edf ra l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kim gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ebft pin), m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng (t\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, sinh di\u1ec7t). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eb1ng cu T\u00e8o 10 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean T\u00e8o h\u00f4m hay ta v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng T\u00e8o. C\u00f4 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, ta v\u1eabn \u0111inh ninh trong t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f4 ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady 20 n\u0103m sau. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u00e1m v\u00edu, ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i thay. \u00d4ng A l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta h\u00f4m nay th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta y\u00eau c\u00f4 B h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u00f4 ta m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. M\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta r\u1ea5t mong manh, \u0111\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec s\u1ee9t da ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eaby x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 tr\u00fang gi\u00f3, tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c, vi tr\u00f9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, ho\u1eb7c tai n\u1ea1n xe c\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y mai, ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m nay, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ta c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u l\u1eafm, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eaft m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i l\u00e0m \u0103n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 lo mua nh\u00e0, m\u1edf ti\u1ec7m, \u0103n ch\u01a1i, v.v…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ta l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7n, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ebd h\u1ebft kh\u00e1t n\u00ean ta c\u1ee9 u\u1ed1ng. U\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft kh\u00e1t, ta l\u1ea1i u\u1ed1ng th\u00eam l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba…, c\u00e0ng u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh. V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ta h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi ta ng\u00e0y mai, nh\u01b0ng ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi ta h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai \u0111\u1ebfn xin l\u1ed7i ta, ta s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tha th\u1ee9. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00eca b\u1ecf c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen th\u01b0\u1edfng ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1eebng. V\u00ec khen h\u00f4m nay ng\u00e0y mai l\u1ea1i ch\u00ea, vinh h\u00f4m nay ng\u00e0y mai l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4m nay ng\u00e0y mai s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f4m nay ng\u00e0y mai l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham lam, ham mu\u1ed1n, b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb gi\u1ef1t d\u00e2y (b\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi) m\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

* Sabbe sankhara dukkha,\u00a0<\/strong>ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo nguy\u00ean v\u0103n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh (conditionn\u00e9) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 sao, nh\u01b0ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00e1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5! Ngay nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu \u0111em n\u00f3 ra ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebb, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 la h\u00e9t, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn! Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0, c\u1eeda, xe, c\u1ed9, v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (sensation) c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (sattva, sentient beings), do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0, c\u1eeda, b\u00e0n, gh\u1ebf, xe, c\u1ed9, m\u00e2y, m\u01b0a, v.v… l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef h\u00e0nh (sankhara) trong c\u00e2u “Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. H\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, sinh di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t sanh. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n th\u1ee7 kh\u1ed5 (pancupadana-kkhanda- dukkha) ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 (sankharadukkha).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5! \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vui. Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i hay t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m chia ra hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5: kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n: \u00e1i bi\u1ec7t ly, c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 o\u1eafn t\u1eafng h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c: sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n: ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a ai, gh\u00e9t ai, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u g\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u00e2n \u00edt b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111au \u1ed1m, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng lo l\u1eafng g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. Xin khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua nh\u1edd t\u00fac duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3!<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n x\u01b0a kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ki\u1ebft l\u1ef5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc Y khoa hay V\u1ea1n V\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i tim, gan, th\u1eadn, ph\u1ed5i… 32 th\u1ee9 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong kinh, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u00e0n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n, vi tr\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng trong ru\u1ed9t non, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, bao t\u1eed …). Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t m\u1ee1 (cholesterol) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y kim \u0111i du l\u1ecbch lang thang trong m\u00e1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ngh\u1eb9t hay v\u1ee1 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t m\u1ee1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ngh\u1eb9t tim. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u00e0n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn, hy h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y n\u00ean th\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111au nh\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn lao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v.v… kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u00e1c s\u0129 r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd s\u1ef1 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh. V\u00e0 khi b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh b\u00f3 tay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au thay m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

“Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh h\u01a1n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh”. Trong l\u00fac th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp, trau gi\u1ed3i ph\u01b0\u1edbc hu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a c\u1ea7u an. “H\u00e3y n\u00ean tu tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebbo sau m\u00e0 nh\u1edd”.<\/p>\n

* Sabbe dhamma anatta,\u00a0<\/strong>ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c kinh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ta (ng\u00e3), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta (ng\u00e3 s\u1edf), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh, ch\u1ee9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh (sunyata) ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 (anatta) v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef h\u00e0nh (sankhara) m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p (dhamma). Ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. V\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v.v…<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m thu h\u1eb9p ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta! Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u “Kh\u00f4ng Ta” th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ta. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb, \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III, Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u “Ta l\u00e0 ai?”. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb “v\u1edb v\u1ea9n” nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng! N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ta l\u00e0 ai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 “l\u00e0m \u0103n” g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft” th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed! Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n A! T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, K\u1ef9 s\u01b0, B\u00e1c s\u0129, v.v… Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng y\u00ean ch\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba n\u00f3i ch\u0103ng? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft “Ta l\u00e0 ai?” th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 tu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho “Ta l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda A, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c B, H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng C, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 D…” th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nguy to! V\u00ec cho “Ta” l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a cho to, l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i cho l\u1edbn, H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp cho \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1eafn l\u00ean cho c\u00e1i Ta.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i Ta ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta (ng\u00e3 s\u1edf) nh\u01b0 con Ta, v\u1ee3 Ta, nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta, ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Ta v.v… Su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eaft m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i, nai l\u01b0ng ra l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1i Ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ra \u0111i v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1eadn ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u: “Ta l\u00e0 ai?”. Theo t\u00f4i c\u00e2u: “Ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c). M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u00ec c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (l’\u00eatre) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta (Je, moi) v\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh, t\u1ee9c danh t\u1eeb t\u1ea1m l\u1eadp. Sau n\u00e0y theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh (nom d\u00e9sign\u00e9).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00fd l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c tuy c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f3, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1. N\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u00f9n, c\u00e1t, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u00ec c\u0103n nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7u kia c\u0169ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Tuy c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00edt c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

1\/ NG\u0168 U\u1ea8N<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 hay n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u nh\u00e9 b\u1ea1n! Hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n “ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”.<\/p>\n

Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i Ta (ng\u00e3), v\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusion), m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh (d\u00e9signation) c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e2u n\u0103m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. U\u1ea9n (P. Khanda, Skt. Skandha) Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 agr\u00e9gat c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n:<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ee9c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda), n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec g\u1ed3m 32 th\u1ee9: t\u00f3c, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, tim, gan, ru\u1ed9t, ph\u1ed5i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2n, m\u00e1u, th\u1ecbt,v.v … S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u .<\/p>\n

*\u00a0Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n:<\/span>\u00a0L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (sensation) ph\u00e1t sinh do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa s\u00e1u c\u0103n (m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd) v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n (s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p). C\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd: nh\u00e3n th\u1ecd, nh\u0129 th\u1ecd, t\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ecd, th\u00e2n th\u1ecd, \u00fd th\u1ecd. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: l\u1ea1c (d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu), kh\u1ed5 (kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu), x\u1ea3 (kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng s\u01b0\u1edbng). Ri\u00eang \u00fd th\u1ecd, theo Duy Th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, x\u1ea3, \u01b0u (bu\u1ed3n) v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 (vui).<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. Khi tai nghe nh\u1ea1c \u00eam d\u1ecbu, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, mu\u1ed1n nghe n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u0129 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c. Khi nghe tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, sanh ra bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ecd \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n:<\/span>\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng (P. Sanna, Skt. Samjna) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c (perception) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft (tri) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan (c\u0103n). Tri gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa s\u00e1u c\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nTai nghe ti\u1ebfng. S\u1ef1 nghe c\u1ee7a tai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nM\u0169i ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i. S\u1ef1 ng\u1eedi c\u1ee7a m\u0169i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nL\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 n\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nTh\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edfng.
\n\u00dd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00dd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1eef \u00dd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n (manas, organe mental) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m linh nh\u01b0: \u00fd ngh\u0129, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y, nghe, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, x\u00fac, bi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u00fd m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo Duy Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (pratyaksapramana).<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i danh t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ngh\u0129. B\u1ed1n danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dd, t\u1ee9c \u00fd c\u0103n (manas). Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ec7t nam, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef “\u00fd ngh\u0129 “, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo hai chi\u1ec1u: ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (sujet) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (objet).<\/p>\n

1\/ Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3: \u00dd c\u0103n (ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3) suy ngh\u0129 (\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb).
\n2\/ \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u00dd ngh\u0129 (danh t\u1eeb) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do \u00dd c\u0103n ngh\u0129 ra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eef “\u00fd ngh\u0129” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1\/ \u00dd c\u0103n ghi nh\u1edb (se souvient) [*].
\n2\/ Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb (souvenir) b\u1edfi \u00dd c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

[*] \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3ng theo ki\u1ec3u chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 n\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai (Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1\/ \u00dd c\u0103n th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn (per\u00e7oit).
\n2\/ Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi \u00dd c\u0103n (perception).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Khi \u00dd-t\u01b0\u1edfng-m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1i “\u0111i\u1ec1u-g\u00ec-\u0111\u00f3” l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00dd-ngh\u0129-m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1i “\u0111i\u1ec1u-g\u00ec” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00dd-ni\u1ec7m-m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1i “\u0111i\u1ec1u-g\u00ec ” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ngh\u0129, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00dd, do \u00dd t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00dd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129, ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00dd.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00dd, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i cho \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00dd, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f3 x\u1eed n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m gom c\u1ea3 ba th\u1ee9: \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ngh\u0129, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i: \u00fd tr\u1ea7n. Ch\u1eef \u00fd tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, bao la c\u1ee7a \u00dd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (imaginer). T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd.<\/p>\n

1\/\u00a0Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn, ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, v.v… hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong t\u00e2m. Khi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00dd (c\u0103n) th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn (per\u00e7oit) n\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00dd (c\u0103n) t\u01b0\u1edfng (c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn) nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb, moi \u0111\u1ea7u, moi \u00f3c, h\u00ecnh dung l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd, c\u1ed1 \u00fd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p (karman). V\u00e0 khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn (t\u01b0\u1edfng). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00dd-ngh\u0129-ni\u1ec7m-t\u01b0\u1edfng-\u00fd tr\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (t\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/p>\n

2\/\u00a0Ngh\u0129a t\u00e1c \u00fd:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (imaginer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00fd n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng (percevoir) c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng (samjna) c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng cho t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0 nghe theo m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang hay sai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0i d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng (samjna) trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00f9y \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

– Trong s\u00e1ch “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc” c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, tr.79, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n, d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (concepts).<\/p>\n

Trong Kinh “Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n” do th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, tr.28, d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c (perception).<\/p>\n

Trong “C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn C\u01b0\u01a1ng Y\u1ebfu ” c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee9c Ni\u1ec7m, tr.40, d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edfng (u\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Trung C\u00f2n, t\u1eadp 3, trang 1093, d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edfng (u\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edfng (u\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng: “T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, th\u1ebf n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1i g\u00ec?”<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Theo t\u00f4i, ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng trong ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c. Trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng (P.Sanna, Skt.Samjna) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 51 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (caittas) c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c 52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (cetasika) c\u1ee7a A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m (Abhidhamma), ho\u1eb7c 46 t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u X\u00e1 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 (Abhidharmakosa). Trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (imaginer), v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

– Trong “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc”, tr.66, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng (t\u00e2m s\u1edf) nh\u01b0 sau: T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

– Trong Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 IX, tr.38, n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u01a1n: T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n hay h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n th\u00ec ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n th\u00ec t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3y gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn sau.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n:<\/span>\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n. H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 formations mentales. Khi \u00dd c\u0103n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y cho ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, hay n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 51 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 51 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (caittas, facteurs mentaux) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh: x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh: d\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

– M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n: t\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n, khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– S\u00e1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

– Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: ph\u1eabn, h\u1eadn, ph\u00fa, n\u00e3o, t\u1eadt, xan, cu\u1ed1ng, si\u1ec3m, h\u1ea1i, ki\u00eau, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00ed, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: h\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Duy th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n:<\/span>\u00a0Th\u1ee9c (P.Vinn\u00e3na, Skt.Vijn\u00e3na) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 conscience hay discernement. Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa s\u00e1u c\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n.
\nNh\u0129 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tai khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh.
\nT\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u0169i khi ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\nThi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i khi n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb.
\nTh\u00e2n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n khi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt.
\n\u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00dd khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u00fd tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u00dd \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u0103n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00dd c\u0103n (Manas) v\u1edbi \u00dd th\u1ee9c (Mano- vijn\u00e3na). \u00dd c\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00e2m linh (organe mental) m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c (conscience mentale).<\/p>\n

* S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan. Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n, v\u1eady hai c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, trong khi c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, xin l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 (ng\u00e2y th\u01a1), m\u1ed9t anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng. Khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu em b\u00e9 nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, em s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt tr\u00f2n, m\u1ecfng, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd xinh x\u1eafn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a em. Em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 “th\u1ea5y” \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a em b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5 cho T\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, anh ta li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y anh s\u1ebd mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec anh th\u00edch. S\u1ef1 “th\u1ea5y” \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a anh th\u1ee3 s\u0103n n\u00e0y d\u1ee5 cho Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang ra theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m,\u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t \u00edt gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m, \u00dd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn bi\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Duy Th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n Duy Th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Theo Duy Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n (vijn\u00e3na skandha) bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e2m (citta), \u00dd (manas) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (Vijn\u00e3na). T\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8, \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 7, Th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 6 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau v\u1ec1 ba th\u1ee9c: th\u1ee9 8, th\u1ee9 7 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 6.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c hay A l\u1ea1i Da th\u1ee9c (Alaya-vijn\u00e3na). Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

a\/ N\u0103ng t\u00e0ng: Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (bija) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

b\/ S\u1edf t\u00e0ng: S\u1edf t\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9a, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u01b0\u01a1m \u01b0\u1edbp (parfum\u00e9) b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

c\/ Ng\u00e3 \u00e1i ch\u1ea5p t\u00e0ng: Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 7 (manas) b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m Ta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho 7 th\u1ee9c kia ph\u00e1t sinh. T\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 7 t\u00ean M\u1ea1t Na (manas-vijn\u00e3na). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00dd c\u0103n (organe mental) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c (conscience mentale). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9c” v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed kh\u1edfi ra hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i “c\u00e2u sinh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p” t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 sinh ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb. M\u1ea1t Na th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0: ng\u00e3 si (avidya), ng\u00e3 \u00e1i (atmasneha), ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn (atmadrsti), ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n (asmimana). Ng\u00e3 si ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn c\u00e1i Ta, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1i Ta cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Hai th\u1ee9c A l\u1ea1i Da v\u00e0 M\u1ea1t Na h\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

* Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 6, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c (mano-vijn\u00e3na). Khi \u00dd c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c. \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3i qua suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c qua suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– Phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Khi hai s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean (hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i , th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, duy c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lanh l\u1eb9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Trong B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Quy C\u1ee7 t\u1ee5ng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “\u0110\u1ed9c h\u1eefu nh\u1ee9t c\u00e1 t\u1ed1i linh ly” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t lanh l\u1eb9. Suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i, th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 (c\u00f4ng vi th\u1ee7, t\u1ed9i vi kh\u00f4i). V\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i th\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p”, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 ra. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Sau n\u00e0y tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 6 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m hay danh s\u1eafc (nama rupa), tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi b\u1ecb \u0111au r\u0103ng: r\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n (s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n), \u0111au thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n), c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111au r\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

2\/ CH\u1ea4P NG\u00c3<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sinh t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, r\u1ed3i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i Ta (t\u00f4i). Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00e1i Ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh (mirage)? Khi \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, nh\u00ecn xa th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ao n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ao n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng, n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh, danh t\u1eeb t\u1ea1m l\u1eadp (nom d\u00e9sign\u00e9) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i Ta th\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng chung quy c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n

1\/ S\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ta
\n2\/ S\u1eafc n\u1eb1m trong Ta
\n3\/ Ta n\u1eb1m trong s\u1eafc
\n4\/ Ta c\u00f3 s\u1eafc.\u00a0[Prajnap\u00e3ramita, E . Lamotte, quy\u1ec3n IV, tr.1999<\/em>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

1\/ Ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ta: Cho th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eaft, tay, ch\u00e2n,… l\u00e0 Ta. Khi th\u00e2n \u0111i th\u00ec cho l\u00e0 T\u00f4i (Ta) \u0111i. Khi mi\u1ec7ng \u0103n th\u00ec n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0103n. Khi ch\u00e2n tay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m. Nh\u00ecn trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, cho l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

2\/ Ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc n\u1eb1m trong Ta: Cho s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i Ta (l\u1edbn). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i “ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111au ” t\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

3\/ Ch\u1ea5p Ta n\u1eb1m trong s\u1eafc: Cho Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Ta. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i “T\u00f4i \u0111au b\u1ee5ng ” t\u1ee9c T\u00f4i n\u1eb1m trong s\u1eafc (b\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n

4\/ Ch\u1ea5p Ta c\u00f3 s\u1eafc: Cho Ta l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i “T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u0103n s\u00f3c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n”, v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 thay th\u1ebf th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ch\u1eef s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 20 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n; 20 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i s\u1eafc (th\u00e2n) h\u00f4m qua l\u00e0 Ta, c\u00e1i s\u1eafc h\u00f4m nay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1eafc ng\u00e0y mai c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Ta. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 60 (20×3) s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p (t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn).Th\u00eam v\u00e0o hai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n: cho c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n sau khi ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 (satkayadrsti). B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00ean ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng l\u00fac thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, xem m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh tham, s\u00e2n, si tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi sinh ra tham lam d\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt cho c\u00e1i Ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 ai x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1i \u00fd c\u00e1i Ta th\u00ec n\u1ed5i s\u00e2n l\u00ean. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00ean si m\u00ea t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1i Ta sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1i Ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta (b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3) c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eed b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

3\/ V\u00d4 CH\u1ee6<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “c\u00e2u sinh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p” t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u00f9ng sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. N\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n (darsanabhaga) c\u1ee7a A l\u1ea1i Da l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1edbi sinh ra t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n (nh\u00e2n chi s\u01a1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n thi\u1ec7n) r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mang l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ta h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh ra ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t hai tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ee5i n\u00f3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n hay \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i. B\u00e3y nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay cha m\u1eb9 d\u1ea1y. Sau khi th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u Ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng ra n\u00f3i Ta (T\u00f4i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Ta, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00dd th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (langage conventionnel).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p” t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 ra. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3)…<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn: “\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n”, \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ghi nh\u1eadn: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ta, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n Ta”. Khi \u0111i, thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: th\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i, \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ghi nh\u1eadn: “Ta \u0111ang \u0111i”. V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean \u00dd th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n th\u00eam ch\u1eef Ta v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c tuy c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt (yathabhutam). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u, tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u00dd th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u1eefa m\u00e0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i, n\u00f3i, n\u0103ng, v.v… ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t (substantiel) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ea3. Ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy luy\u1ec7n \u00dd th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong quy\u1ec3n “Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/em>“, ph\u1ea7n Ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111au ch\u00e2n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m: “T\u00f4i<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111ang \u0111au, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n\u00a0t\u00f4i<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111au”, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au nh\u1ee9c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sanh (n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n)”. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i T\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111au ch\u00e2n? N\u1ebfu ni\u1ec7m T\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111au l\u00e0 Ta (b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc xem l\u1ea1i 62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n cho r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u01b0a. M\u01b0a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u01a1i r\u1edbt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. G\u1eb7p tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u00ean t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y. Khi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p ti\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u1ea3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ao, h\u1ed3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n tr\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ai l\u00e0m ra m\u01b0a! M\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00f3. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, khi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i. S\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a v\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 \u0111i<\/strong>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ai \u0111i c\u1ea3! V\u00ec sao? Trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m (mu\u1ed1n \u0111i) hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n x\u1ea3y ra do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i! S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra “v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7<\/strong>“. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, M\u1ea1t Na th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00dd th\u1ee9c, g\u00e1n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i Ta: “Ta \u0111i”.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n \u0111au nh\u1ee9c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o ra l\u1ec7nh cho n\u00f3 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c. Khi n\u00f3 gi\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u1ee9 gi\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 hay c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng gi\u00e0. Khi g\u1eb7p ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n tai \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 suy ngh\u0129, lo \u00e2u, m\u1ea5t \u0103n, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, nhi\u1ec1u khi Ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng lo ngh\u0129 n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 nghe l\u1eddi Ta. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng Ta \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng Ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Ngay n\u01a1i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p Ta r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, x\u01b0ng h\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ta. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ta n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0103n n\u00f3i l\u00e0m sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? L\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 anh, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u00f4i? \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5\u00a0c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ta (ng\u00e3):<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\/ M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (le Je intrins\u00e8que) kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, sai khi\u1ec3n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

2\/ M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (le Je d\u00e9sign\u00e9) tr\u00ean n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb quy \u01b0\u1edbc (convention) r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, thu\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf (v\u00e9rit\u00e9 relative).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec \u00edt khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd xem c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean. Trong hai c\u00e1i Ta th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (exister). C\u00f2n c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf , n\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ta (t\u00f4i) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 hay n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tuy c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i: T\u00f4i \u0111i, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, v.v… ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 s\u00e2u d\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y xem nh\u01b0 xong ph\u1ea7n “Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3”. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

4\/ C\u00d3 HAY KH\u00d4NG?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 hay \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, th\u00edch tu theo “Kh\u00f4ng”, \u00edt khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn “C\u00f3”, xem “C\u00f3” nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, r\u1ea5t k\u1ef5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p. “Kh\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 “C\u00f3” l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “Kh\u00f4ng” th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “C\u00f3”. “Kh\u00f4ng” v\u00e0 “C\u00f3” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo trong \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a, theo ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c theo Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (paramartha) ho\u1eb7c theo T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (samvrti) ho\u1eb7c T\u00e1nh (svabhava) ho\u1eb7c T\u01b0\u1edbng (laksana). V\u1eabn bi\u1ebft T\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi T\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi T\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n th\u00ec sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eef “C\u00f3” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (affirmation), “Kh\u00f4ng” l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh (n\u00e9gation). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ecfi: Anh c\u00f3 \u0111i ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c C\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c Kh\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y “C\u00f3”, “Kh\u00f4ng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (verbe auxiliaire), v\u00ec “c\u00f3” l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00f3 (\u0111i ch\u01a1i). “\u0110i ch\u01a1i” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u1eef “C\u00f3” trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (verbe). “C\u00f3” (poss\u00e9der, avoir) nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai c\u0103n nh\u00e0”. Ch\u1eef “C\u00f3” c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (exister) nh\u01b0: C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? “Kh\u00f4ng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a “C\u00f3”. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb hay \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh, ch\u1eef “C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng” v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i hai ngh\u0129a “Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh” v\u00e0 “Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh”. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hay ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! Do v\u1eady, “C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00fac t\u1eeb (compl\u00e9ment) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Song le, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i t\u00fac t\u1eeb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sao, v\u00ec trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng trong \u0110\u1ea1o, l\u1eddi Kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch theo l\u1ed1i H\u00e1n-Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng theo v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1eef “Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3:<\/p>\n

“S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb s\u1eafc!”<\/p>\n

“C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng?” – C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng! N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ai m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u cho n\u1ed5i! Ch\u1eef Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi C\u00f3 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a kia, Th\u1ea7n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

– Ta th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf “C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng!” l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m sao?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt! Danh t\u1eeb “c\u00f3 th\u1eadt” c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a, t\u00f9y theo \u0110\u1ea1o hay theo \u0110\u1eddi. Theo \u0110\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, tai nghe, tay s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. “C\u00f3 th\u1eadt” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111em n\u00f3 ra b\u0103m ch\u1ebb, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ai l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ai t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ra b\u0103m ch\u1ebb, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (n’existe pas vraiment). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (n’ayant pas de nature propre).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Ch\u1eef “C\u00f3” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (exister) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf h\u1eefu (avoir). C\u00e1i b\u00e0n\u00a0c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u00a0<\/strong>ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. N\u00f3 do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, \u0111inh, c\u01b0a, b\u00faa, v.v… m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. V\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi n\u00f3i “c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng”, ch\u1eef “c\u00f3” v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 ch\u1eef “c\u00f3” n\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n (c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng” l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho “c\u00f3” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a “kh\u00f4ng” ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “c\u00f3” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n” (appara\u00eetre). V\u1ec1 ch\u1eef “\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n”, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t hay trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u00f3ng n\u1eafng (mirage).<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb1ng xa, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ao n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eebng r\u1ee1 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ao n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3! Ao n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. V\u1eady ao n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u1eady sao t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec sao m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y? V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y? C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

1\/ V\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng.
\n2\/ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng. Hai c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u01a1i “Thi\u1ec1n” qu\u00e1! Nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u lu\u00f4n. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u ai th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 \u00edch. C\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Ao n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt – \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng. Ao n\u01b0\u1edbc tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n – Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Theo Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i? Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c truy l\u00f9ng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu (recherche ultime) m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (ultime).Nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean: Sau khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ao n\u01b0\u1edbc trong sa m\u1ea1c, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm li\u1ebfm, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (relative) t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y ao n\u01b0\u1edbc trong sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (vue relative) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0: l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, nh\u00e0, c\u1eeda, v.v… kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tu h\u00e0nh g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf (v\u00e9rit\u00e9 conventionnelle). C\u00e1i th\u1ea5y tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (vue ultime) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh, tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf (v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ultime).<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00e1i Ta (gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp) thu\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed suy lu\u1eadn theo Trung Qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

1\/ THEO TRUNG QU\u00c1N<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m, hay b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ho\u00e0ng M\u1ea1o (G\u00e9lugpa), m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng [*]. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Tu Vi\u1ec7n Nalanda \u1edf Lavaur (Toulouse).<\/p>\n

[*]\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n 4 ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh: C\u1ed5 M\u1eadt (Nyingma), \u00c1o V\u1ea3i (Kagyu), H\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o (Sakya), v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng M\u1ea1o (G\u00e9lug).<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m (bodhicitta), t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ta trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp, nay v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n say m\u00ea l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p trong sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho ta v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i gia h\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1edbm mau gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Sau bu\u1ed5i tu t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u cho ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ch\u00f3ng quay v\u1ec1 b\u1edd gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu:<\/p>\n

1\/ Nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\n2\/ Quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch.
\n3\/ Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.
\n4\/ Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

1\/ Nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i,\u00a0c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ta:\u00a0<\/strong>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (le Je intrins\u00e8que), kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, n\u00f3 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o bao nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5 \u0111au!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i Ta th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (le Je conventionnel) tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t khi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i Ta th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay b\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb (r\u00e9futer). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng hay ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n (nihilisme). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu). Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u00f5 xem n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0o, khi n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111i l\u00f9ng k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1eb7t m\u0169i n\u00f3 ra sao !<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i ch\u1ee3, b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i:”T\u00f4i \u0111i ch\u1ee3”. C\u00e1i T\u00f4i (Ta) n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i Ta n\u00e0o? Thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111i ch\u1ee3. C\u00e1i Ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111i t\u00ecm trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, c\u00e1i Ta xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh l\u00edu hay t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u01b0a th\u00edch. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai ch\u1eedi b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i: “T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1eedi T\u00f4i?” Ch\u00ednh ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i T\u00f4i (Ta) hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eb1m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n hay t\u00e2m c\u1ea3 ! C\u00e1i T\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eedi, b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m hay th\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1eedi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1eedi th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1eedi t\u00e2m t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eedi “T\u00f4i” m\u00e0 ! C\u00e1i “T\u00f4i” n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusion) c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 m\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7: “Ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i !”. Ngay l\u00fac n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y ba ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Ta, b\u1ecb c\u00e1i Ta sai khi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, ghi nh\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i “Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh” n\u00e0y. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh. Sau khi y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi “l\u00f4i” c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y ra, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i chuy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n, gi\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i Ta. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c “l\u00f4i” c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf ch\u0103m ch\u00fa, an tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 “l\u00f4i” c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, “l\u00f4i” c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0y ra s\u1edbm qu\u00e1, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd “l\u00f4i” l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00f4i h\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra cho b\u1ea1n xem, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n coi nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf \u0111i !<\/p>\n

2\/ Quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t (unit\u00e9) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hai (pluralit\u00e9). M\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, hai c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c (distinct). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00e0 hai, v\u00ec b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat. Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc (la logique) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec1n. Theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, hai l\u00e0 hai, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Trung qu\u00e1n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eeba b\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00c1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai t\u00fai: ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u1edf trong \u00e1o b\u1ea1n th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00fai ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00fai tr\u00e1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1eeba n\u1eb1m trong t\u00fai tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba n\u1eb1m trong t\u00fai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o t\u00fai ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00fai tr\u00e1i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u00f2 v\u00e0o t\u00fai tr\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong \u00e1o b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i Ta \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (le Je intrins\u00e8que). N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hai. M\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Hai c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00e1c n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

3\/ Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ri\u00eang t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

a\/ C\u00e1i Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n: C\u00e1i Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 hai v\u00ec S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd, Th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, H\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu Ta l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n th\u00ec n\u0103m u\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t (th\u1ee9), t\u1ee9c S\u1eafc l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd, l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu S\u1eafc l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i tay ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

b\/ C\u00e1i Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ri\u00eang t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n: N\u1ebfu S\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ta th\u00ec b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia l\u00e0 ai? N\u1ebfu Ta l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u00ec Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i t\u00fai? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i Ta m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u00e2m l\u00e0 Ta. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 Ta th\u00ec th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ai? N\u1ebfu Ta l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00ec Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u1eady khi \u0111au ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: “T\u00f4i \u0111au ch\u00e2n”? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

c\/ C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i Ta n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi lui. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 n\u0103m ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi lui t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9 ! V\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i Ta n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi lui th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim, gan, ph\u00e8o, ph\u1ed5i,v.v… ch\u1ee9? Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

d\/ N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, v\u1eady sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: “th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i”, “t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i”? N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u00f4i l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

e\/ N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, v\u1eady khi Ta mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec, th\u00ec th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9 ! V\u1eady khi b\u1ee5ng \u0111au, sao Ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft \u0111au \u0111i?<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

4\/ Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef “kh\u00e1c”. “Kh\u00e1c” c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

1\/ Kh\u00e1c (distinct) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u00e1nh xe “kh\u00e1c” v\u1edbi c\u00e1i xe, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1nh xe kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i xe, v\u00ec b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1i xe v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

2\/ Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (ind\u00e9pendant, s\u00e9par\u00e9) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i xe l\u00e0 hai v\u1eadt “kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t” (distinct et s\u00e9par\u00e9) v\u00ec b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i xe.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1i xe.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i Ta \u0111ang b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “kh\u00e1c” d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eef “t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh” (nature propre, intrins\u00e8que) quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00ec ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c suy lu\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c su\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan n\u00e0o, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00e0 hai, t\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u00fat.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0 hai, t\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00ean khi l\u1ea5y dao ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111au. C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i Ta v\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 hai, t\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec \u0111em dao ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n, c\u00e1i Ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111au ch\u1ee9! Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u00e1i Ta v\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. R\u1eddi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y xin t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

1\/ X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).
\n2\/ Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i Ta c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hai v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m).
\n3\/ T\u00ecm c\u00e1i Ta n\u01a1i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.
\n4\/ T\u00ecm c\u00e1i Ta ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sau khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i Ta \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y tr\u1ee5 \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ta” n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n” (Meditation du non-soi). N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may, b\u1ecb v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i Ta xem n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ta” \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, ngoan kh\u00f4ng (n\u00e9ant, nothingness) m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ta”. Tr\u1ee5 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng ti\u00eau m\u00f2n. Sau khi x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i d\u01b0 l\u1ef1c (effet) c\u1ee7a “V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n” s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1i Ta: c\u00e1i Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec3u (gi\u1ea3i, li\u1ec5u) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc). Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tin ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t li\u1ec1n. Hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft, m\u1edf m\u1eaft, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong “V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 thi\u1ec1n”, \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc hay th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. Xin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m. Tu h\u00e0nh n\u00f3i l\u00fd th\u00ec d\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 !<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 theo Trung Qu\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 suy lu\u1eadn n\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi ng\u00e0i V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i (Manjusri) v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi . Trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00e0y, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n ai ch\u1ee9? Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec lo cho c\u00e1i Ta kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n, s\u1ee3 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, tai n\u1ea1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v.v… Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9? T\u1ea1i v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5? “B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t s\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3”, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu trau gi\u1ed3i tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, c\u1ee9 lo t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec r\u00ean la c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 !<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a \u1edf c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 V\u0103n Th\u00f9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u ch\u00fa 7 ch\u1eef, c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i gia h\u1ed9 cho h\u1ecd xa l\u00eca v\u00f4 minh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 s\u1edbm khai m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n, s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm sau khi r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 7 l\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c 21 l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c 100 l\u1ea7n. C\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i gia h\u1ed9 cho b\u1ea1n tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 khai m\u1edf, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, xa l\u00eca v\u00f4 minh…<\/p>\n

Con xin \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5
\nV\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i
\n\u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed
\nTh\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt
\nGia h\u1ed9 cho con
\nTr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 khai m\u1edf
\nXa l\u00eca v\u00f4 minh
\nS\u1edbm mau gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.
\n“Om A Ra Pa Tsa Na Dhi” (7, 21, 100 l\u1ea7n).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e2u ch\u00f3t, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0Om A Ra Pa Tsa Na Dhi Dhi Dhi Dhi Dhi Dhi Dhi ……..Dhi.<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Dhi m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kim Cang th\u1eeba T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u: l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh (dbang, initation), s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u (lung, tramission orale) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (tri, commentaire). N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi linh \u1ee9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 duy\u00ean g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb xin c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u cho c\u00e2u ch\u00fa tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2\/ THEO T\u1ee8 NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Satipatthana Sutta) l\u00e0 kinh th\u1ee9 10 trong Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh (Majjhima Nikaya) v\u00e0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Mahasatipatthana Sutta) kinh th\u1ee9 22 trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh (Digha Nikaya).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ba n\u0103m t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n “Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9” tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Song le, trong quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n (V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3) m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch quan), \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c (x\u1ee9) qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m g\u1ed3m: th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c), t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n (kayanupassana).<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd (vedananupassana).<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m (cittannupassana).<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p (dhamma-nupassana).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m (sati) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t (anupassana), n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m. S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (samma-sati). Ch\u1eef ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

1\/ Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u1ec1: h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 ra, b\u1ed1n oai nghi (\u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i), c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0103n c\u01a1m, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o, v.v…), t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00edn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eed thi.<\/p>\n

2\/ Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: vui s\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd), \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd), ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd), xem ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ra sao v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c vui, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn: “c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c vui” v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 hay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

3\/ Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i khi trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3 hai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i hay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

4\/ Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m: ng\u0169 c\u00e1i t\u1ee9c n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n che (tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, nghi h\u1ed1i), n\u0103m nh\u00f3m t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p hay ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c), s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb n\u1ebfm, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng), b\u1ea3y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi (ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, tinh t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, khinh an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3), b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf (kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au).<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u01b0a gh\u00e9t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd Kinh, ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, xin b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n “Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9”.<\/p>\n

3\/ T\u1ee8 NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8 V\u00c0 V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu t\u1eadp chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp m\u1edbi mau \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t hay, thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed suy lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

1\/ Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u1eadn: “\u0110i! C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i! Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc!”. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, Trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0Ai\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111ang \u0111i ! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ta (T\u00f4i) \u0111ang \u0111i ! V\u00ec sao th\u1ebf? V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7,\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m “mu\u1ed1n \u0111i”, v\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n nh\u00fac nh\u00edch, di chuy\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m (\u00fd ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n \u0111i) v\u00e0 th\u00e2n (ch\u00e2n) t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111i. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111i c\u1ea3 !<\/p>\n

2\/ Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2u, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au nh\u1ee9c n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ni\u1ec7m: \u2019T\u00f4i \u0111au ch\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111au\u2019. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i T\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111au ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4i ! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au nh\u1ee9c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sinh n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, suy y\u1ebfu, tan bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p T\u00f4i” th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m “T\u00f4i \u0111au ch\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111au” l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00f4i \u0111au ch\u00e2n” v\u1eady Ai \u0111au ch\u00e2n? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111au ch\u00e2n c\u1ea3 ! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m (\u00fd th\u1ee9c) \u0111ang ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i !<\/p>\n

3\/ Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c ghi nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1n: “C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m” ho\u1eb7c “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c”. Sau khi ni\u1ec7m xong b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd xem \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hay \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o tham d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ai tham d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c v\u1eeba kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n hay d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft ghi nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u00fd, th\u00ec khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tham d\u1ee5c kia s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh d\u1ee5c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh hay ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh c\u1eaft ngang n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00c1i d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t cho k\u1ef9 ! S\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p nam n\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa hai x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 !<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t thanh s\u1eaft nung \u0111\u1ecf nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng x\u00e8o x\u00e8o. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng x\u00e8o x\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ai? C\u1ee7a s\u1eaft hay c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

Khi hai h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nhau to\u00e9 l\u1eeda, v\u1eady l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh d\u1ee5c, th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ta, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 Ta, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta n\u00ean b\u00e1m v\u00edu t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1i Ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

4\/ Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u0110ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng xe h\u01a1i, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m: “nghe, nghe, nghe” (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo nh\u0129 c\u0103n) ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m:”c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng” (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo thanh tr\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ai m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean: “nghe, nghe, nghe” ho\u1eb7c “c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi”.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ni\u1ec7m “c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi”, v\u00ec ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch quan cho l\u1eafm. Song n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i g\u00ec ! V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea, ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3, v.v… do \u0111\u00f3 khi nghe ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi !<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0ai ch\u1eedi ai\u00a0<\/strong>c\u1ea3 ! N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y: b\u00ean kia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m s\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01a1i, b\u1ee5ng, c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, mi\u1ec7ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v.v… ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00e2m thanh. V\u00e0 b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tai nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng (nh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng), bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i g\u00ec (nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi (\u00fd th\u1ee9c). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u00f4i, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eedi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7.\u00a0<\/strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c quan s\u00e1t ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ta n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng niu, \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ta, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea7m cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 Ta n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tham, s\u00e2n, si, vui, bu\u1ed3n, t\u1ee7i, nh\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ta n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu, th\u1ee7 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian”, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u00e1i Ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sau khi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “Ai?” l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ed7i khi b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi: “Ai \u0111ang t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn”? Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i Ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y. Ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu theo kinh V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta
\nC\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta
\nS\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta.
\nNh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta
\nS\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

S\u1ef0 QUAN TR\u1eccNG C\u1ee6A V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p tu kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A la H\u00e1n, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t (v\u00ec c\u00f3 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3?)<\/p>\n

* Tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a to, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00e2m v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m cho ch\u00f9a to, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kia l\u00e0 do Ta l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00f9a c\u00e0ng to th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ta c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

* Gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00f2 b\u00f3, c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta s\u1ebd b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi tinh nghi\u00eam th\u00ec sinh t\u00e2m ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

* Tu Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f2n m\u00f3ng t\u00e2m cho l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc n\u00e0y n\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

* Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n soi m\u00f3i t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khen m\u00ecnh ch\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi g\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n tranh ch\u1ea5p, x\u00edch m\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ai c\u1ea3, v\u00ec bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

* Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00f9a hay th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i ghi t\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta hay Ai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Ba La M\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

* Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 hay c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

* Hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng: ng\u00e3, nh\u01a1n, ch\u00fang sinh, th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Kim Cang.<\/p>\n

* Tu Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. Khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5: “\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi !” ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean con \u0111u\u1eddng tu Ph\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec3u V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xong, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trau gi\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7, tu t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta. T\u1eadp b\u1ecf b\u1edbt vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gi\u1edd qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

L\u1edcI CU\u1ed0I<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kinh s\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ho\u1eb7c tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n Th\u01b0 M\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam t\u00e1nh c\u00f2n m\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u1ecf c\u00e2y m\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ra kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t. K\u00ednh xin c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh t\u1eeb bi hoan h\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 cho. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, c\u0169ng xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau, xa l\u00eca ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, h\u1eadn th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

KINH V\u00d4 NG\u00c3 T\u01af\u1edaNG
\n<\/span>(Anattalakkhana-sutta)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb “Sermons du Bouddha”, Mohan Wijayaratna, Edition du Cerf<\/p>\n

T<\/span>\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai, \u1edf Isipatana g\u1ea7n B\u00e9nar\u00e8s. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi n\u0103m v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo:<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec s\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: ” Th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: “Th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd: “C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, tri gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri gi\u00e1c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “Tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho tri gi\u00e1c: “Tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “T\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u00e2m t\u01b0: “T\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c: “\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– S\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? Tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– Tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? T\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– T\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong hay \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, xa hay g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta”.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong hay \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, xa hay g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta”.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng minh xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Do nh\u00e0m l\u00eca n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ham mu\u1ed1n. Do h\u1ebft ham mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: “T\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y n\u1eefa”.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i xong, n\u0103m v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7. Trong l\u00fac \u0111ang nghe gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Asvagosha:<\/p>\n

\n

Gurupancasika, Fifty verses of Guru-devotion. Library of Tibetan works and archives, Dharamsala, India.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Candrakirti:<\/p>\n

– Madhyamikavatara, L’entr\u00e9e au milieu. Edition Dharma 1985
\n– Prasannapada Madhyamikavrti. Adrien-Maisonneuve 1959<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dhammaratana T. Thera:<\/p>\n

The Doctrine of Non-Self (Anatta). Universit\u00e9 de Paris 8. 1987<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Etienne Lamotte:<\/p>\n

– Samdhinirmocana sutra. Adrien-Maisonneuve. Paris 1935
\n– Mahaprajnaparamitasastra. Institut Orientaliste. Louvain 1949<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Gu\u00e9sh\u00e9 G. Dreyfus:<\/p>\n

La vacuit\u00e9 selon l’\u00e9cole Madhyamika. Institut Vajrayogini. 1988<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Geshe Lhundup Sopa & Jeffrey Hopkins:<\/p>\n

Practice and Theory of Tibetan Buddhism. Rider-London.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Junjiro Takakusu:<\/p>\n

The essentials of Buddhist Philosophy. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi 1975<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kensur Lekden:<\/p>\n

Meditation of a Tibetan tantric Abbot. Library of Tibetan works and archives.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso:<\/p>\n

M\u00e9ditation sur la Vacuit\u00e9. Institut d’\u00e9tudes bouddhistes Mahayana.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Louis de La Vall\u00e9e Poussin:<\/p>\n

– Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu. Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes chinoises.
\n– Vijnaptimatratasiddhi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Librairie Orientaliste Paul Guethner 1928.<\/p>\n

Nyanaponika Thera: Satipatthana. Adrien-Maisonneuve. Paris 1945<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Stefan Anacker:<\/p>\n

Seven works of Vasubndhu. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi 1984<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Surendra Nath Das Gupta:<\/p>\n

Philosophical Essays. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi 1982<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn I & II
\n– Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh, t\u1eadp III. Ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean Hoa Th\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ed1n 1987.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n

– V\u1ea5n \u00d0\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c trong Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc. Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, 1980
\n– Kinh Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n. L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00edch \u00d0\u1ee9c Ni\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn C\u01b0\u01a1ng Y\u1ebfu. Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, 1985<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau:<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Ch\u00f9a \u00d0\u1ee9c Vi\u00ean, San Jose 1987
\n– B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Ba La M\u1eadt. Ch\u00f9a \u00d0\u1ee9c Vi\u00ean, 1988
\n– \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n. Nh\u00e0 in Lam S\u01a1n, 1989<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n Vi:<\/p>\n

The Four Abhidhammic Reals. Institut de Recherche Linh-Son 1982<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thurman:<\/p>\n

Life and Teaching of Tsongkhapa. Library of Tibetan works and archives.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Venkata Ramanan:<\/p>\n

\n

Nagarjuna’s Philosophy. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi 1966<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Vincente Fatone:<\/p>\n

\n

The Philosophy of Nagarjuna. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi 1981<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Walpola Rahula:<\/p>\n

\n

– L’Enseignement du Bouddha. Collection Points. Paris
\n– Abhidharmasamuccaya d’Asanga. Ecole fran?ise d’extr\u00eame orient. 1980<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau (Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o) sinh n\u0103m 1962 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0ig\u00f2n. N\u0103m 1985 nh\u1eadp ch\u00fang tu h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i T\u1ef1-Vi\u1ec7n Linh-S\u01a1n, t\u1ec9nh Joinville-le-Pont, Paris. N\u0103m 1987 th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n-Vi.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn th\u00edch t\u1ea7m s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i du ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tham v\u1ea5n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 chia x\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

* Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (1987)
\n* B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Ba La M\u1eadt (1988)
\n* \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n (1989)
\n* V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 (1990)
\n* B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh (1990)
\n* Xin C\u1ee9u \u00d0\u1ed9 M\u1eb9 \u00d0\u1ea5t (1993)
\n* \u00d0\u1ea1o G\u00ec? (1996)
\n* G\u00f3p Nh\u1eb7t (1997)
\n* \u00dd T\u00ecnh Th\u00e2n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/a><\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit l\u00e0 Panca Skandhah, P\u00e0li l\u00e0 Panca Khandh\u00e0, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n (R\u00f9paskandha), Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n (Vedan\u00e0skandha), T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n (Samjnaskandha), H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n (Samskaraskandha) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n (Vijnanaskandha).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Trung Hoa, s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m hay d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong kinh. S\u1ef1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 trong s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf Trung Hoa. T\u1ef1u trung c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ecbch \u00e2m ch\u1ee9 \u00edt d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Skandha l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Sanskrit, d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ed9 hay l\u00e0 T\u1eafc-ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 300 T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eef Ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ed9 hay T\u1eafc-ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00f3 20 Ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ed9… Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai, \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp qua Trung Hoa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 402 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u00e2m n\u1eefa m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ecbch Ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Sanskirt ra ch\u1eef Trung Hoa; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang, Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, Ng\u0169 th\u1ecd \u1ea5m hay Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Skandha d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m du h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit sang ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa th\u00ec ch\u1eef Skandha Ng\u00e0i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n. U\u1ea9n (Skandha) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, t\u00edch t\u1eadp theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i, nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n. Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103m nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Skandha d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch theo v\u0103n H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Skandha l\u00e0 \u1ea4m? Ng\u00e0i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u00fd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. N\u0103m th\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1ea4m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 che, ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1i \u0111i, m\u00f9 \u0111i, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n trang d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Skandha l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Skandha l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea4m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Skandha l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a, theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i S\u1eafc \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, lo\u1ea1i Th\u1ecd \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, lo\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edfng, lo\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111i theo t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n hay n\u0103m nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 n\u0103m nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai. T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i La-Th\u1eadp c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang? Ch\u1eef “Ch\u00fang” l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00f3i “T\u1ee9 nh\u01a1n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang” l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 trong Lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “B\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y T\u1ef7-kheo tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang”. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i S\u1eafc t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Th\u1ecd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edfng, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, Ng\u0169 th\u1ecd \u1ea5m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i hay n\u0103m nh\u00f3m: Nh\u00f3m S\u1eafc, nh\u00f3m Th\u1ecd, nh\u00f3m T\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00f3m H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec sao n\u0103m nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 th\u1ecd \u1ea5m? Theo Ng\u00e0i La-th\u1eadp, v\u00ec n\u0103m nh\u00f3m \u1ea5y ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd, l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n v\u00ec sao? Trong kinh c\u00f3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. V\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd \u1ea5m? V\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 trong kinh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng sai. Trong kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 3 s\u1ed1 51 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: ”\u00a0Do m\u1eaft v\u00e0 S\u1eafc sinh Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, ba s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sinh X\u00fac, duy\u00ean X\u00fac sinh Th\u1ecd, th\u1ecd vui, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng vui, n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 sinh l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd;<\/em>\u00a0\u00dd th\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p sinh \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ba s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sinh X\u00fac, duy\u00ean X\u00fac sinh Th\u1ecd; th\u1ecd vui, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng vui, n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 sinh l\u00f2ng h\u1ef7<\/em>“. Trong kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i:\u00a0“B\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1edf t\u1ea1o s\u1eafc, th\u1ecb s\u1eafc th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd th\u00e2n danh th\u1ecd th\u1ecd \u1ea5m; nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb3ng. L\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edfng danh t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd \u1ea5m nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u1ee5c t\u01b0 danh h\u00e0nh th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n n\u00e3i ch\u00ed \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n, danh th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd \u1ea5m. Do th\u1ee7 sinh c\u1ed1, thu\u1ed9c \u01b0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1, n\u0103ng sinh th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u1ed1t gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u1ed1t \u00fd gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef “Th\u1ecd”. B\u00ean kia d\u1ecbch Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “Th\u1ecd” n\u1eefa, v\u00ec sao? V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1edf t\u1ea1o s\u1eafc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.\u00a0“Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd th\u00e2n danh th\u1ecd th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb3ng… “.\u00a0<\/em>Th\u1ecd n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, T\u1ef7 x\u00fac, Thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac, Th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00dd x\u00fac, X\u00fac sinh Th\u1ecd. Trong M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 X\u00fac sinh Th\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sinh Th\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh Th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh th\u1ecd. Ta c\u00f3 s\u00e1u c\u0103n, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u00e1u Th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u00e1u s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0“L\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edfng danh t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u1ee5c t\u01b0 danh h\u00e0nh th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c n\u00e3i ch\u00ed \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n, danh th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd \u1ea5m”.<\/em>\u00a0[Ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n”, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau]. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, Nh\u0129 x\u00fac… th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec h\u1ebft; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd m\u00e0 anh ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m g\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u00ec anh ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft. Khi n\u00e0o anh ta x\u00fac th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd \u1ea5m. C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1eef Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a: 1. Do th\u1ee7 sinh c\u1ed1. 2. Thu\u1ed9c \u01b0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1. 3. N\u0103ng sinh th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1. V\u00ec ba c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 do \u00c1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00c1i ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. V\u00ec do \u00c1i ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 do Th\u1ee7 sinh c\u1ed1, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Hai l\u00e0 Thu\u1ed9c \u01b0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7, v\u1edbi \u00c1i th\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Ba l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng sinh Th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1. V\u00ec ba l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 U\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” trong Trung lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n”, nh\u01b0 L\u1ee5c th\u1ecd th\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd th\u00e2n, H\u00e0nh th\u1ecd th\u00e2n, \u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n… V\u1eady v\u00ec sao khi n\u00f3i: “U\u1ea9n”, khi n\u00f3i “Th\u00e2n”, khi n\u00f3i “\u1ea4m”… ? Ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n”. “Th\u00e2n” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc “Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n”. Ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, tay, ch\u00e2n… hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y… m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n. Ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” trong c\u00e2u “Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n” \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. “Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n” l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef “Th\u00e2n” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, t\u00edch t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m… g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean khi ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y do Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, x\u1ea5u xa… m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n” \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n” n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “Th\u1ee7” , “Th\u1ecd” th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, khi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “Ph\u00e1p” th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n” l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ef1u, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m… ch\u1ee9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00f4 l\u1eadu g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Khi n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7. Khi n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu v\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. \u1eda \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ch\u1eef “\u1ea4m” ch\u1eef “U\u1ea9n” v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n”. Khi n\u00f3i ch\u1eef “\u1ea4m” th\u00ec n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u0103n che n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Khi n\u00f3i “U\u1ea9n” th\u00ec th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Khi n\u00f3i “Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n” th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng U\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n? Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y [\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m sao d\u00e1m n\u00f3i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n]. \u1ede trong kinh Cung K\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng b\u1ed9:\u00a0“Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n trong kinh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ecbnh u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Tu\u1ec7 u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Ta h\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma, Ph\u1ea1m hay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0110\u1ecbnh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Tu\u1ec7 U\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n Ta m\u00e0 Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9. V\u1eady v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y Ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ta h\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9 Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y”.\u00a0<\/em>Trong kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 1188 n\u00f3i:\u00a0“B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a bao l\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cung k\u00ednh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp… th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung k\u00ednh th\u00ec s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 cung k\u00ednh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ai trong ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma, Ph\u1ea1m, Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Qu\u1ef7, Th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 so v\u1edbi Ta h\u1ecd c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 Tam-mu\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn h\u01a1 n, th\u00ec Ta s\u1ebd cung k\u00ednh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3\u201d.\u00a0<\/em>Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129:\u00a0“Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai trong ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma, Ph\u1ea1m, Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay Qu\u1ef7, Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi Ta, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn Ta cung k\u00ednh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5ng s\u01b0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho Ta tri gi\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, n\u00ean Ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, cung k\u00ednh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec sao? V\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p cung k\u00ednh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p cung k\u00ednh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3\u201d\u00a0<\/em>[T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 4 tr. 290].<\/p>\n

Do ch\u1eef U\u1ea9n n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Ng\u0169 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, c\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh do Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf hay t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7… ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 do S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ra th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh, ch\u1ee9 b\u1ecf n\u00f3 ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh. V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n; c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n. Kinh Nik\u00e0ya c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: Trong kinh Nik\u00e0ya, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0“Ph\u00e0m S\u1eafc g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai, th\u00f4 t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t th\u1eafng, xa g\u1ea7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n – ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o co tham v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7”.\u00a0<\/em>C\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, trong Kinh n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 trong lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, trong kinh Nik\u00e0ya, ch\u1eef Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1edfm (\u0110\u1edfm l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00e1nh), hai l\u00e0 Sinh y. C\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 cho Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang, Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n Nik\u00e0ya c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0 Sinh y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng”. Trong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 t\u1eadp 3 c\u00f3 ghi:<\/p>\n

“N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng,
\nK\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi,
\nC\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean,
\nCh\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.
\nC\u00f2n b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng xong,
\nT\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5,
\nG\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng xong,
\nKh\u00f4ng mang theo g\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c.
\nN\u1ebfu nh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1t \u00c1i l\u00ean,
\nT\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5,
\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t,
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh A-la-h\u00e1n. Trong kinh Nik\u00e0ya \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a A-la-h\u00e1n nh\u01b0 sau:“Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh n\u1eefa”,\u00a0<\/em>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sinh y. V\u1eady th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Sinh y? Ch\u1eef Sinh y nh\u01b0 trong P\u00e0li n\u00f3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9 cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sinh y. Trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 t\u1eadp 3a, tr. 395 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i:\u00a0“V\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c… ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5t nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean, l\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m, l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; v\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, sau khi tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eed gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf Sinh y, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”.\u00a0<\/em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kinh Nik\u00e0ya \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Sinh y, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, ch\u00ednh N\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c? V\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i phi thuy\u1ec1n l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ? Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sinh, mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh l\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5? V\u00ec tham \u00c1i n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf v\u00ec sao ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7? V\u00ec sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tham \u00c1i? L\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta cho n\u00ean sinh tham \u00c1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta th\u00ec tham \u00c1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Cho n\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh hay ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u00e3? Ch\u1ea5p S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vui; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111au, cho \u0103n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1eebng, qu\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00e1t, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 “Th\u1ecd” m\u1edbi ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “Th\u1ecd” kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 “T\u01b0\u1edfng”. T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i n\u1ecd qua c\u00e1i kia, so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9; nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 vui… cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 “T\u01b0\u1edfng”. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 “T\u01b0\u1edfng” m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0ng, m\u00ecnh \u0111i xe h\u01a1i, m\u00e1y bay, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c… nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 “H\u00e0nh”. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu “H\u00e0nh” c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? Ph\u1ea3i y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u01a1i “Th\u1ee9c”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady “Th\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, n\u0103m nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, con v\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 con Tr\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh con G\u00e0, con Tr\u00e2u, con Heo… con g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb N\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 V\u00f4 minh (kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5) cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i n\u0103m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ean g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9c g\u00ec, h\u1ecd g\u00ec n\u1eefa… h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i sai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i khai gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 khai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n…! Do kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ee9 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Ta. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 theo c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean c\u1ee9 tham \u00c1i, c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7, H\u1eefu… nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e3i trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh n\u00f3 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (N\u0103m nh\u00f3m S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c) m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u01a1i S\u1eafc th\u00e2n l\u00e0m Ta, ch\u1ea5p n\u01a1i Th\u1ecd l\u00e0m Ta, ch\u1ea5p n\u01a1i c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i Ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ra… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh, l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta) \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 trong S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Khi Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y l\u00fd Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 Ta c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 Ta h\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c V\u00f4 minh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u1edbi hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, \u00edt khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kinh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu khi m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd sinh \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7, th\u00e0nh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Khi \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c sinh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec ch\u1ea5p N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n n\u00ean sinh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, cho n\u00ean N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. H\u1ec5 c\u00f2n g\u00e1nh c\u00e1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean vai th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady th\u00ec ai g\u00e1nh? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 g\u00e1nh. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ai them l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u. Do c\u00f3 \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3m th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y l\u00ean. N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y n\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. V\u1eady ai g\u00e1nh? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ch\u00fang sinh) g\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ai? C\u0169ng l\u00e0 tham \u00c1i g\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean trong kinh n\u00f3i: “N\u1ebfu nh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1t \u00c1i l\u00ean t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1eadn l\u1ea1c”. Khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed7 h\u1ebft g\u1ed1c \u00c1i , t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, khi \u1ea5y d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5c v\u00e0ng c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean c\u1ee5c v\u00e0ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh. V\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao h\u1ebft, t\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng. Ai t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u00e1nh \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 l\u00ean th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft \u00c1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u00ean g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u1eefa, v\u1ecb \u1ea5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng – d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft \u00c1i l\u00e0 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 th\u00e2n Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m Ta n\u1eefa. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u00ec v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham \u00c1i, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 tham \u00c1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft h\u00f4m nay kh\u00f4ng tham, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, ai m\u00e0 them l\u00e0m g\u00ec! N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham \u00c1i, th\u00ec n\u0103m ng\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u1ecbt m\u00f9, ai m\u00e0 th\u00e8m l\u00e0m g\u00ec! Cho n\u00ean trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai g\u00e1nh l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ecd c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi sau, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh n\u1eefa. V\u1eady khi n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u1edf trong Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 c\u1ea3. S\u1eafc l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 anh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec anh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i, hay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, th\u00ec th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t anh c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00e1m \u01a1n c\u1ea3. S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n anh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 b\u1ecb t\u00e9 qu\u00e8 ch\u00e2n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh, h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00e8, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111i sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ng\u00e0y th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch, Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111i lu\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng “h\u1eafn” (c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00e8) c\u00f3 nghe Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00e8 c\u1ee9 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0i, b\u1eaft Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh ngon ng\u1ecdt v\u1edbi h\u1eafn, h\u1eafn m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua s\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee5y \u0111\u00f2, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e2n l\u00ean, h\u1eafn \u0111au qu\u00e1, Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1ea5y n\u1eafm c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00e8 l\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1ee7 th\u1ea7m: “B\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay Ta theo mi, chi\u1ec1u mi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, nay mi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t theo ta”. Khi \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn g\u00ec c\u1ea3, c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft ch\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i theo v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i (v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0) th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, song \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t, y\u00eau qu\u00fd n\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft \u1edf gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, m\u1eebng qu\u00e1 ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o b\u1edd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2y ch\u1ebft n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee5y v\u00e0o n\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng ru\u1ed3ng r\u1eaby n\u00f3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb. T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang, Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 th\u1ecd \u1ea5m, gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m \u1ea5m<\/em>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u0103m c\u00e1i ng\u0103n che ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n\u00a0<\/em>ch\u1ec9 cho n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

– N\u0103m th\u1ecd \u1ea5m\u00a0<\/em>t\u1ee9c s\u00e1u c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng X\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c… Ch\u1eef Th\u1ecd c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c, n\u0103m c\u00e1i n\u00e0y x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh th\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 S\u1eafc , Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec sao? Trong khi n\u00f3i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i N\u0103m nh\u00f3m, N\u0103m s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, N\u0103m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5. C\u00f2n n\u00f3i N\u0103m \u1ea5m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i N\u0103m s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n che, th\u00e0nh N\u0103m c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea4m, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch kia th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1ea4m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 U\u1ea9n th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eeba h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u1eeba v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. N\u1ebfu \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef U\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “Th\u1ee7” th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, tr\u01b0\u1edbc U\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “Ph\u00e1p” th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ri\u00eang ch\u1eef Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 N\u0103m nh\u00f3m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady N\u0103m nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Cho n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung cho c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00f4 l\u1eadu ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i N\u0103m nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 do Th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t sinh, do \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t sinh, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u00c1i Th\u1ee7, th\u00ec N\u0103m nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Ch\u1eef Th\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00c1i Th\u1ee7, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 n\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. V\u00ec \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c do \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 sinh, n\u00f3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u00f3 c\u0169ng sinh ra \u00c1i Th\u1ee7. Th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. C\u00f2n khi g\u1ecdi U\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kinh c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi n\u00f3i Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. C\u00f2n khi g\u1ecdi Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n che ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea4m, Ng\u0169 th\u1ecd \u1ea5m c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u1eef Th\u1ecd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00c1i th\u1ecd, ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7. Th\u00e0nh ra ch\u1eef Th\u1ecd \u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ecbch chung ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3i ch\u1eef \u1ea4m kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1eef Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang<\/em>: C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 N\u0103m nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i “t\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang” (b\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y T\u1ef7-kheo tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang), m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tr\u1edf l\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, trong lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang, y nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 N\u0103m nh\u00f3m. N\u0103m c\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00fd V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb x\u1ee9, Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5. V\u00ec L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb x\u1ee9, Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01a1i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(Tr\u00edch “Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3”, NXB T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, 1999)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u00d4 NG\u00c3<\/strong><\/big><\/span><\/big><\/big><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n
( Ph\u1ea7n I )<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/center><\/div>\n
Tr\u1ea7n Chung Ng\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n

\u00a0http:\/\/www.buddhismtoday.com\/viet\/phatphap\/vonga.htm<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/big><\/span>\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00d4n T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n d\u00e0y g\u1ea7n 300 trang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/em>, Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i, 1999; v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 Kheo Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau (Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o) c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n d\u00e0y g\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trang ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3<\/em>. V\u1eady t\u00f4i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft g\u00ec th\u00eam v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3? Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng thi\u1ebfu, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i xin mang c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3..<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ban \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 cho m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1edb xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. N\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00e2m linh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta coi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng ng\u00f3ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. V\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quan ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n, hay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd, trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v..v..<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o: thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 \u00edt khi \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb Tam Th\u1ebf S\u1ef1 hay Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi ba c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 T\u00e1c (hay V\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec7n), v\u00e0 l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o: Duy\u00ean Sinh hay Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1eadt ra, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd hay tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n. Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia v..v… C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, hay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. Trong \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i n\u1eb1m trong tim. Nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t (anh l\u00e0 anh, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i), c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 hay ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n, sai s\u1eed m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i ta” hay “Ng\u00e3”, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit l\u00e0 “Atman”. Theo \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n th\u00ec th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3, m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hay Brahma.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “linh h\u1ed3n” trong Ca-T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ca-T\u00f4 (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1994) gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 sau, trang 93:“Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1eeb “linh h\u1ed3n” th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng “linh h\u1ed3n” c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 “linh h\u1ed3n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00e2m linh trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (c\u1ee7a Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o) t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u2013 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng “sinh ra” b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i sau c\u00f9ng”<\/em>\u00a0(In Sacred Scripture the term “soul” often refers to human life or the entire human human person. But “soul” also refers to the innermost aspect of man\u2026 “soul” signifies the spiritual principle in man\u2026The Church teaches that every spiritual soul is created immediately by God \u2013 it is not “produced” by the parents \u2013 and also that it is immortal: it does not perish when it separates from the body at death, and it will be reunited with the body at the final Ressurection).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, Linh H\u1ed3n trong Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, sau khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tin Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2000 n\u0103m, trong khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a linh h\u1ed3n tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m cho x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau khi Ch\u00faa sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, an l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng hay tan x\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, b\u00ean T\u00e2y hay b\u00ean T\u00e0u, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ed3n l\u1eabn x\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, v\u00f4 l\u00fd, phi-l\u00f4gic, ph\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc v..v.. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin th\u00ec k\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 hay linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: D\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0Reductio ad Absurdum<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00f4gic \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a; v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquinas hay c\u1ee7a Augustine, \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ki T\u00f4 (Christian God) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi v\u1ea5n, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa” (City of God). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t trong gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1m t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u00fang trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Cao T\u0103ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tri ki\u1ebfn).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    I. Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u00e1p\u00a0Reductio ad Absurdum<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 hay Linh H\u1ed3n l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ebf binh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down v..v.., v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 hay Linh H\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ra sao? C\u00f3 c\u00f2n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n? V\u00e0 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 hay Linh H\u1ed3n n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? Tan r\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt hay \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5n? Do \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e3 hay linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 hay Linh H\u1ed3n “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Ki-T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u2013 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng “sinh ra” b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t: n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i sau c\u00f9ng”\u00a0<\/em>nh\u01b0 Ca-T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (thought experiment): Gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eady n\u1eafp v\u00e0 h\u00e0n k\u00edn n\u1eafp l\u1ea1i. Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u00f9ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khui ra th\u00ec t\u1edbi bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, khoan n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00ec ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i” duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ed1? Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ca-T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Tr\u1eeb phi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tin r\u1eb1ng “Ch\u00faa quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0m g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “linh h\u1ed3n do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi – kh\u00f4ng sinh ra b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9” \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0“\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i V\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng…”<\/em>, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kha, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “linh h\u1ed3n” \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau, trg. 82-83:<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng do th\u00e2n x\u00e1c sinh ra, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 ra? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n do Ch\u00faa sinh ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, th\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh, hay ngu d\u1ed1t, hay t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, hay \u1edf linh h\u1ed3n? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i \u0111em m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n trong s\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u1edf linh h\u1ed3n, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd. T\u1ea1i sao Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i sinh ra linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c? Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n do Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n do Ch\u00faa sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau, hay c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t , c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0 xe h\u01a1i Nh\u1eadt, xe h\u01a1i M\u1ef9? Linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 sinh ra \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng cai tr\u1ecb, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, \u0111em bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n do Ch\u00faa sinh ra, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh? \u1ede m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a linh h\u1ed3n? Kho \u1ea5y l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, hay c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3?… Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o khi n\u00e0o? Khi v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee5 thai, hay khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9? v…v…<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      Linh m\u1ee5c Thi\u1ec7n C\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kha b\u1eb1ng “l\u00fd lu\u1eadn”: “Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n ban cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec? ” \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 “tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” Ca-T\u00f4 A-Na-M\u00edt (\u0111\u1eb7c).<\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u0103m 1996, gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng John Paul II \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eafc th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ca-T\u00f4 R\u00f4-ma sau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0\u00a0“Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n”. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: “Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn Hoa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft”.<\/em>\u00a0(Pope John Paul II has put the teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church firmly behind the view that ” the human body may not have been the immediate creation of God, but is the product of a gradual process of evolution. The pope said that “fresh knowledge leads to recognition of the theory of Evolution as more than just a hypothesis”) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong Ca-T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa ban linh h\u1ed3n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u v\u00e8 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Gian Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ee5c:<\/span><\/p>\n

      Ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3n th\u00ec Ch\u00faa sinh ra<\/em><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n
      Ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c Ch\u00faa ph\u00f3 m\u1eb9 cha sinh th\u00e0nh<\/em><\/span><\/center><\/div>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c John Shelby Spong c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n trong Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 khi n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ban cho m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Hay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 35 t\u1edbi 50 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o sinh v\u1eadt \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u r\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u0103m, v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u00e1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Spong th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ki T\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sinh th\u1ec3 ban khai, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (homo erectus), sau c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta (homo sapiens), v\u1eady linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ki T\u00f4 t\u1ea1o cho b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, s\u1eafc d\u00e2n, sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi?<\/span><\/p>\n

      Trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0The Happy Heretic<\/em>, n\u1eef h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Judith Hayes vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m linh h\u1ed3n trong Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau, trang 40:<\/span><\/p>\n

      Linh h\u1ed3n, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, nghe, s\u1edd, m\u00f3, ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f2 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qua gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tia X, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi CAT scans, MRI, hay th\u1eed m\u00e1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Trong khi, th\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng neuron c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o \u0111oan quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 du, ch\u00f3ng t\u00e0n, \u1edf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4i theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u2013 t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai…<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n hay m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eady bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng x\u1ea9y ra ngay l\u00fac tinh tr\u00f9ng g\u1eadp tr\u1ee9ng? V\u1eady linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1eafm? Hay \u0111ang ng\u00e1y?<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eady th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd? V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 30 hay 40 ng\u00e0y sau khi th\u1ee5 thai nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ca-T\u00f4 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh ra? C\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t “linh h\u1ed3n” trong Ki T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi chung” v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Xin qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i Th\u00edch Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a “Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tin L\u00e0nh” L\u00ea Anh Huy<\/a><\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u1ea7n Chung Ng\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u00f4ng Ch\u00ed + 4, 2001<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

      ———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

      V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.thuvien-thichnhathanh.org\/index.php\/sach\/76-trai-tim-ca-bt\/427-ttcb-17-phap-n?start=1<\/a><\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng hai t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ng\u00e3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, sau khi h\u1ecdc b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, n\u00f3i v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t. Theo \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tr\u00f9m ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p, one dharma enters all dharmas, all dharmas enter one dharma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec \u1edf c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u00edt ai n\u00f3i t\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

      V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a B\u1ee5t trao cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. B\u1ee5t d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a nh\u01b0 B\u1ee5t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111em c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u00ec s\u1ee5p l\u1ea1y. D\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 l\u1ea1y m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m l\u1ebb t\u00e1m l\u1ea1y, th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n (contemplation on impermanence). M\u00e0 qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec qu\u00e1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1n trong khi \u0103n c\u01a1m, trong khi r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n, trong khi gi\u1eb7t \u00e1o, trong khi ti\u1ebfp x\u1eed v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt quanh ta.<\/p>\n

      B\u00e0n tay c\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. D\u00f9ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ta ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 than th\u1edf r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m, th\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa cho kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1edd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vui, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Cho n\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c s\u1ea7u th\u1ea3m, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu anh, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecb ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c s\u1ea7u th\u1ea3m, th\u00ec anh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u1ea5y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd r\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi c\u00e1i kia. T\u1eeb l\u00fac ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua, v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i! \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft trong ta, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ta trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Cho n\u00ean ta v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn c\u00e2y ti-d\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i kia, ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y ti-d\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m vui. C\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ta trong m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01b0 anh, s\u01b0 ch\u1ecb, s\u01b0 c\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u01b0 ch\u00fa th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u01b0 anh, s\u01b0 ch\u1ecb, c\u00e1c s\u01b0 c\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u01b0 ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ta, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady ta bi\u1ebft ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta (the self is made of non-self elements). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ta t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ta. S\u01b0 em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u01b0 ch\u1ecb. S\u01b0 ch\u1ecb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u01b0 em. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 qu\u00e1n. Cho n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho cha m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eebng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

      \u0110i t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh. \u2018\u2018T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf cha, b\u1ecf m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.\u2019\u2019 N\u00f3i v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec tuy mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh! Trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd mang theo h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111i theo m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. D\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n \u0111i bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn \u0111eo theo b\u00ean ta. T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Cho n\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ta s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch ta h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

      V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 cho s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh (interdependence, co-production) trong \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia sinh, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t v\u00ec c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1i kia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia. Duy\u00ean sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u1edf kia. Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai. V\u00ec m\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00fac ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quanh n\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y t\u1eebng ph\u00fat. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tu h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1edf t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng ta ra cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111i v\u00e0o nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a cho ta th\u00e0nh ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo t\u00ednh duy\u00ean sinh. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00e9p c\u00e1i v\u1ecf s\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i k\u00edn b\u01b0ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh duy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, duy\u00ean sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

      ———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

      Kinh V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/strong>
      \n(Anattalakkhana-sutta)<\/span><\/p>\n

      http:\/\/trisieu.free.fr\/PhatPhap\/02-Kinh\/KinhVoNgaTuong.html<\/a><\/p>\n

      T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai, \u1edf Isipatana g\u1ea7n B\u00e9nar\u00e8s. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi n\u0103m v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo:<\/span><\/p>\n

      “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec s\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: ” Th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: “Th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd : “C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, tri gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri gi\u00e1c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “Tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho tri gi\u00e1c: “Tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “T\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u00e2m t\u01b0: “T\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh: “\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh\u00a0 cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c: “\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia theo \u00fd t\u00f4i”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? S\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/span><\/p>\n

      – S\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng ?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \nC\u00e1c th\u00c0y ngh\u0129 sao? C\u1ea3m th l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u1ea3m th l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \nC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? Tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Tri gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebfT\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \nC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? T\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– T\u00e2m t\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \nC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao? \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebfT\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay s\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/strong>
      \n– Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong hay \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, xa hay g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd , tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong hay \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t, xa hay g\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng minh xa li\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, xa li\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd , tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Do nh\u00e0m li\u00e0 n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ham mu\u1ed1n. Do h\u1ebft ham mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: “T\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y n\u1eefa”.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i xong, n\u0103m v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 Kheo \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7: Trong l\u00fac \u0111ang nghe gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb\u00a0 “Sermons du Bouddha”
      \nde Mohan Wijayaratna
      \nEdition du Cerf<\/span><\/p>\n

      ———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Dao phat ngay nay Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u00a0\u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; T\u1ef1 \u2026 Continue \u00e0 lire → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1599,"menu_order":38,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"_mc_calendar":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2257","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2257"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2259,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2257\/revisions\/2259"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pagodethienminh.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}